introduction of plants from Asia into China, 16n;

_morus alba_, 25n; Tibet, 46n; bamboo explosions, 46n; the Si-fans, 60n; Cara-jang and Chagan-jang, 73n; Nasr-uddin, 104n; the Alans, 180n; rhubarb in Tangut, 183n; Polo’s “large pears,” 210n; on galangal, 229n; on sugar, 230n; on Zayton, 238n; on wood-oil, 252n; on ostrich, 437n; on Si-la-ni, 316n; on frankincense, 449n; on Magyars, 492n; on Mongol invasion of Poland and Silesia, 493n Brichu (Brius, the Upper Kiang), ii. 67n Bridges of Pulisanghin, ii. 3; Sindafu (Ch’êngtu), 37; Suchau, 181; Kinsay, 185, 187, 194n, 201, 212; Kien-ning fu, 225, 228n; Fuchau, 233n, 234n; Zayton, or Chinchau, 241n Brine-wells, _see_ Salt Brius River (Kin-sha Kiang, Gold River), ii. 36, 40n, 56, 67n Brown, G. G., ii. 35n —— Sir Thomas, ii. 420n, 424n; on Polo, _115_ Bruce’s Abyssinian Chronology, ii. 435n _seqq._ Brunetto Latini’s Book, _Li Tresor_, _88_, _117_ Brunhilda, ii. 466n Bruun, Professor Ph., of Odessa, i. 6n, 54n, 232n–235n Bucephala, of Alexander, i. 105n Bucephalus, breed of, i. 158, 162n Buckrams, of Arzinga, i. 45; described, 47n; etymology, 48n; at Mardin, 61, 62n; in Tibet, ii. 45; at Mutfili, 361, 363n; Malabar, 389, 395, 398, 431 Buddha, _see_ Sakya Muni Buddhism, Buddhists, _see_ Idolatry, Idolaters Buddhist Decalogue, i. 170n Buffaloes in Anin, ii. 119 Buffet and vessels of Kúblái’s table, i. 382, 384n _Bugaei_, ii. 432n Buka (Boga), a great Mongol chief, ii. 471, 472, 474n Buka Bosha, 1st Mongolian Governor of Bokhara, i. 10n Búkú Khan, of the Hoei-Hu, or Uighúrs, i. 227n Bularguji (Bularguchi), “The Keeper of Lost Property,” i. 403, 407n Bulgaria, Great, ii. 286n Bulughán (Bolgana), Queen, _23_, i. 32, 33n, 38n, ii. 474n —— another, ii. 475n Bundúkdár, Amír Aláuddín Aidekín (“The Arblaster”), i. 24n Bundúkdári, Malik Dáhir Ruknuddín Bíbars (Bendocquedar), Mameluke Sultan of Egypt, i. 22, 23n–25n, 145n, ii. 424n, 433n, 436n, 494n; killed by kumiz, 259n Buraets, or Burgats, the, i. 258n, 283n Búrkán Káldún, i. 247n Burma (or Ava), King of, ii. 98, 99n. (_See_ also Mien.) Burnell, Arthur, ii. 335n, 359n, 386n Burning the Dead, _see_ Cremation —— heretical books, i. 321n —— paper-money, etc., at funerals, i. 204, 208n, 267, 268n, ii. 191 —— Widows in South India, ii. 341, 349n Burrough, Christopher, i. 9n Burton, Captain R. F., ii. 597n Bushell, Dr. S. W., his visit to Shang-tu, i. 26n, 304n, 305n, 412n; on the Khitan Scripts, 28n; Tangut rulers, 205n; orders for post-horses, 353n Butchers, in Kashmir, i. 167; Tibet, 170n; S. India, ii. 342 Butiflis (Mutfili), ii. 362n Butler, _Hudibras_, ii. 92n Buyid dynasty, i. 86n Ca’ Polo, Ca’ Milion, Corte del Millioni, the house of the Polos at Venice, _4_, _26_ _seqq._, _53_, _70_, _77_ Caaju, castle of, i. 244 Cabs, Peking, ii. 211n Cacanfu (Hokiang-fu), ii. 127, 132 Cachanfu (P’uchau-fu, Ho-chung-fu), ii. 22, 25n Cachar Modun, i. 404, 408n Cachilpatnam, ii. 387n _Cadmia_, i. 126n Caesalpinia, ii. 380n; and _see_ Brazil Caesarea of Cappadocia (Casaria, Kaisaríya), i. 43, 44n Caichu, castle of (Kiai-chau, or Hiai-chau?), ii. 17, 19n, 26n Caidu, _see_ Kaidu Caiju, on the Hwang-Ho, ii. 142 —— on the Kiang, Kwachau, ii. 171, 174 Cail (Káyal), ii. 370, 372n–373n; a great port of Commerce, 370, 373n; the king, _ib._; identified, 372; meaning of name, _ib._; remains of, _ib._ Caindu (K’ien-ch’ang), a region of Eastern Tibet, ii. 53, 70n Caingan (Ciangan, Kiahing), ii. 184n, 185n Cairo, ii. 439n; museum at, 424n; ventilators at, 452n. (_See_ Babylon.) Caiton, _see_ Zayton Cala Ataperistan (Kala’ Atishparastán), “Castle of the Fire Worshippers,” i. 78 Calachan (Kalaján), i. 281, 282n Calaiate, Calatu, _see_ Kalhát Calamanz, the word, ii. 272n Calamina, city, ii. 357n Caldwell, Rev. Dr. R., on devil-dancing among the Shanars, ii. 97n; on name of Ceylon, 314n; on Shahr-Mandi and Sundara Pandi, 333n; on the Tower at Negapatam, 336n; etymology of Chilaw, 337n; on Pacauta, 346n; Govis, 349n; singular custom of arrest, 350n–351n; rainy season, 351n; food of horses, _ib._; Shanar devil-images, 359n; _choiach_, 368n; Cail, or Kayál city, 372n, 373n; _Kolkhoi_, 373n; King Ashar of Cail, _ib._; _Kollam_ 377n; _Pinati_, 380n; etymology of Sapong, _ib._; Cape Comorin, 383n Calendar, Ecclesiastical Buddhist, i. 220, 222n; the Tartar, 447, 448n; of Brahmans, ii. 368n–369n; of Documents relating to Marco Polo and his family, 505n _seqq._ Calicut, ii. 380n, 381n, 388n, 391n, 440n; King of, and his costume, 346n Calif, _see_ Khalif Caligine, Calizene (Khálij, a canal from Nile), ii. 439n Camadi (City of Dakiánús), ruined, i. 97, 113n Cambaluc (Khanbaligh, or Peking), capital of Cathay, _12_, i. 38n, ii. 3, 132, 213n, 320; Kúblái’s return thither after defeating Nayan, i. 348; the palace, 362; the city, 374; its size, walls, gates, and streets, the Bell Tower, etc., 375n–378n; period of khan’s stay there, 411; its suburbs and hostelries, 412; cemeteries, women, patrols, 414; its traffic, 415; the Emperor’s Mint, 423; palace of the Twelve Barons, 431; roads radiating from, 433; astrologers of, 446 Cambay (Cambaet, Cambeth, Kunbáyat), kingdom of, ii. 394n, 397, 398n, 403n, 426n, 440n, 443n Cambuscan, of Chaucer, corruption of Chinghiz, i. 247n Camel-bird, _see_ Ostrich Camels, mange treated with oil, i. 46; camlets from wool of, 281, 284; white, 281, 283n; incensing, 309n; alleged to be eaten in Madagascar, ii. 411; really eaten in Magadoxo, 413n; ridden in war, 423, 425n Camexu, Kamichu, _see_ Campichu Camlets (cammellotti), i. 281, 283n, 284 Camoens, ii. 266n Camphor (_Laurus Camphora_) trees in Fo-kien, ii. 234, 237n —— of Sumatra, ii. 287n; Fansuri, 299, 302n; earliest mention of, 302n; superstitions regarding, 303n; description of the tree, _Dryabalanops Camphora_, 303n–304n; value attached by Chinese to, 304n; recent prices of, _ib._; its use with betel, 371, 374n —— oil, ii. 304n Campichu (Kanchau), city of, i. 219, 220n Camul (Kamul), province, i. 209, 211n, 214n _Camut_, fine shagreen leather, i. 394, 395n Canal, Grand, of China, ii. 132, 139, 140, 141n, 143n, 152n, 154n, 209n, 222n; construction of, 174, 175n Canale, Cristoforo, MS. by, _34_, _37_ —— Martino da, French Chronicle of Venice by, _88_ Cananor, kingdom, ii. 388n Cananore, ii. 386n, 387n Canara, ii. 390n, 397n Cancamum, ii. 397n _Canela brava_, ii. 390n Canes, Polo’s name for bamboos, _q.v._ Cannibalism, ii. 293, 294, 298n, 311n, 312n; ascribed to Tibetans, Kashmiris, etc., i. 301, 312n, 313n; to Hill-people in Fo-kien, ii. 225, 228n; to islanders in Seas of China and India, 264; in Sumatra, 284, 288n; regulations of the Battas, 288n; ascribed to Andaman islanders, 309, 311n Cannibals, _i.e._ Caribs, ii. 311n, 405n Canonical Hours, ii. 368–369n Cansay, _see_ Kinsay Canton, _3_, ii. 199n, 237n Cape Comorin, _see_ Comari, Temple at, _76_ —— Corrientes (of Currents), ii. 415n, 417n, 426n —— Delgado, ii. 424n —— of Good Hope, ii. 417n _Capidoglio_ (_Capdoille_), sperm-whale, ii. 414n Cappadocian horses, i. 44n Capus, G., i. 129n 162n Caracoron (Kará Korum), i. 66n, 226, 227n, 269, ii. 460, 462n Carajan (Caraian, Karájang, or Yun-nan), province, _21_, ii. 64, 66, 67n, 72n, 76, 86 Caramoran River (Hwang-Ho), ii. 142, 143n, 144n, 151 Carans, or Scarans, i. 100n Caraonas (Karaunahs), a robber tribe, i. 98, 101n, 121n Carats, i. 359n _Carbine_, etymology of, i. 101n Cardinal’s Wit, i. 21n Caribs, _i.e._ cannibals, ii. 311n, 405n Carpets, of Turcomania (Turkey), i. 43, 44n; Persian, 66n; Kerman, 96n Carriages, at Kinsay, ii. 205, 206; Chinese, 211n Carrion, shot from engines, ii. 163n _Carta Catalana_, Catalan Map of 1375, _134_, i. 57n, 59n, 82n, 161n, ii. 221n, 243n, 286n, 362n, 386, 396n, 494n _Carte_, _à la_, ii. 486n Carts, Mongol, i. 254n Casan, _see_ Gházán Khan Casaria (Caesarea of Cappadocia), i. 43, 44n Cascar (Kashgar), i. 180, 182n; _Chaukans_ of, 193n Casem, _see_ Kishm Caspian Sea (Sea of Ghel or Ghelan), ancient error about, _2_, _129_; its numerous names, i. 52, 58n, 59n, ii. 494n Cassay, _see_ Kinsay Cassia, ii. 59n, 60n, 390n, 391n —— buds, ii. 59n, 391n —— fistula, ii. 398n Castaldi, Panfilo, his alleged invention of movable types, _139–140_ Castambol, i. 45n Castelli, P. Cristoforo di, i. 52n, 53n Casvin (Kazvín), a kingdom of Persia, i. 83, 84n, 101n, 141n Catalan Navy, _38–39_ Cathay (Northern China), _3_; origin of name, _11_, _15_, i. 60, 76n, 285, 414, 418, 441, ii. 10, 127, 132, 135, 139, 140, 192, 391n, 457; coal in, i. 442; idols, ii. 263; Cambaluc, the capital of, _see_ Cambaluc Cathayans, _v_. Ahmad, i. 415 _et seqq._; their wine, 441; astrologers, 446; religion, 456; politeness, filial duty, gaol deliveries, gambling, 457 Catholics, ii. 407; Catholicos, of Sis, i. 42n; of the Nestorians, 61n, 62n Cators (_chakors_), great partridges, i. 296, 297n Cat’s Head Tablet, i. 356n Cats in China, ii. 350n Caucasian Wall, i. 53n, 54n Caugigu, province, ii. 116, 120, 123, 128n, 131n Caulking, of Chinese ships, ii. 250, 251n Cauly, Kauli (Corea), i. 343, 345n Causeway, south of the Yellow River, ii. 153n Cauterising children’s heads, ii. 432n Cave-houses, i. 154, 156n, ii. 150n Cavo de Eli, ii. 386n —— de Diab, ii. 417n Cayu (Kao-yu), ii. 152 Celtic Church, ii. 370n Census, of houses in Kinsay, ii. 192; tickets, _ib._ Ceremonial of Mongol Court, _see_ Etiquette Ceylon (Seilan), ii. 312–314; circuit of, 310n; etymology of, 314n; customs of natives, 315; mountain of Adam’s (_alias_ Sagamoni Borcan’s) Sepulchre, 316, 321n; history of Buddha, 317; origin of idolatry, 318 _seqq._; subject to China, 392n Ceylon, King of, his pearl-ponds, ii. 337n Chachan (Charchan, Charchand), i. 192n, 194, 195n, 196n Chagatai (Sigatay), Kúblái’s uncle, son of Chinghiz, _10_, i. 10n, 14n, 98, 102n, 183, 186n, ii. 457, 458n, 459 Chaghán-Jáng, ii. 72n, 73n Chaghan-Kuren, ii. 23n Chaghan-Nor (“White Lake”), N.E. of Kamul, i. 214n —— (Chaghan, or Tsaghan Balghasun), site of Kúblái’s palace, i. 296, 297n, 306n, 422n, ii. 14n Chairs, silver, i. 351, 355n _Chakor_ (_cator_), great partridges, i. 296, 297n Chalcedony and jasper, i. 191, 193n Chalukya Malla kings, ii. 336n Champa (Chamba), kingdom of, ii. 266, 268n, 424, 426n, 596n; Kúblái’s expedition _v._, 267; the king and his wives, 268, 271n; products, 268, 271n–272n; locality, 269–270n; invaded by king of Lukyn, 279n Chandra Banu, ii. 315n Chandu (Shangtu), city of peace of Kúblái, i. 25, 298, 304n, 410–411, 435 Changan, ii. 182, 184n Chang-chau (Chinginju), ii. 178, 179n —— in Fo-kien, ii. 233n, 238n; Zayton(?), 238n; Christian remains at, 240n–241n Ch’ang Ch’un, _travels_, i. 62n Changgan (Chang-ngan), ii. 27–29n _Chang-kia-Kau_, the gate in the Great Wall, i. 56n Chang K’ien, ii. 16n Chang-shan (Chanshan), ii. 198n, 199n, 219, 221n, 222n, 224n Ch’ang Te (the Chinese traveller), _Si Shi Ki_, i. 64n, 66n Chang Te-hui, a Chinese teacher, i. 309n Chang-y (Chenchu), i. 417–419, 422n Chang Yao, Chinese general, i. 211n _Cháo de Bux_ (_Cavo di Bussi_), boxwood, i. 57n Chaohien, Sung Prince, ii. 150n _Cháo-Khánahs_, bank-note offices in Persia, i. 429n Cháo Naiman Sumé Khotan, or Shangtu, “city of the 108 temples,” i. 304n _Cháo_, paper-money, i. 426n, 429n _Cháo_, title of Siamese and Shan Princes, ii. 73n Chaotong, ii. 130n Chapu, ii. 199n Characters, written, four acquired by Marco Polo, i. 27; one in Manzi, but divers spoken dialects, ii. 236 Charchan (Chachan of Johnson, Charchand), i. 192n, 194, 195n, 196n Charcoal, store in Peking, palace garden of, i. 370n Charities, Kúblái’s, i. 439, 443, 444; Buddhistic and Chinese, 446n; at Kinsay, ii. 188, 198n Charles VIII., of France, i. 398n Chau dynasty, i. 347n Chaucer, quoted, i. 3n, 5n, 17n, 161n, 247n, 386n, ii. 11n _Chaukans_, temporary wives at Kashgar, i. 193 Chaul, ii. 367n Cheapness in China, ii. 202 Cheetas, or hunting leopards, i. 397, 398n Cheh-kiang, cremation common during Sung dynasty in, ii. 135n; roads into Fo-kien from, 224n Cheinan, Gulf of, ii. 266 Chenchau, or Iching hien, ii. 173n, 174n Chenching (Cochin-China), ii. 268n–269n, 277n Chenchu (Chang-y), conspires with Vanchu _v._ Ahmad, i. 417–419, 422n Ch’eng-ting fu, ii. 13, 14n Ch’êng-Tsu (Yung-lo), Emperor, ii. 392n Ch’êng-tu (Sze-ch’wan), ii. 32n, 34n, 35n Ch’êngtu-fu (Sindafu), ii. 36, 37n Cheu, the Seven, ii. 277n Chibai and Chiban, ii. 459, 462n Chichiklik Pass, i. 172n, 175n Chien-ch’ang (Caindu), ii. 70n. (_See_ K’ien ch’ang.) Chihli, plain of, ii. 14n Chilaw, ii. 337n Chiliánwála, battlefield of, i. 105n Chilu-ku, last Karakhitai king, ii. 20n Chin, Sea of, ii. 264, 265, 266n, 270n China, _134_; _Imperial Maritime Customs Returns for 1900_, ii. 173n; Dominicans in, 240n; paved roads in, 189, 198n; relations with Korea and Japan, 262n; the name, 265n; king of Malacca at Court of, 282n; trade from Arabia to, 348n; from Sofala in Africa, 400n. (_See_ also Cathay and Manzi.) Chinangli (T’sinan-fu), ii. 133, 135, 137n _Chínár_, Oriental planes, i. 128n, 138n Chinchau, Chincheo, Chinchew, Chwanchew, Tswanchau, _see_ Zayton Chinese, Polo ignorant of the languages, _110_, i. 29n; epigrams, 170n; funeral and mourning customs, 207n, ii. 191; feeling towards Kúblái, i. 421n; religion and irreligion, 456, 458n; their politeness and filial piety, 457, 462n; gambling, 457; character for integrity, ii. 204, 210n; written character and varieties of dialect, 236; ships, 249 _seqq._; pagodas at Negapatam and elsewhere, 336n; coins found in Southern India, 337n; pottery, 372n–373n; trade and intercourse with Southern India, 373n, 378n, 386, 390, 392n Chinghian-fu (Chinkiang-fu), ii. 175, 176, 177n Chinghiz Khan, _10_, _11_, i. 5n, 10n, 12n, ii. 458n, 479, 481n; reported to be a Christian, i. 14n; Aung Khan’s saying of, 27n; his use of Uíghúr character, 28n; Erzrum taken by, 49n; harries Balkh, 151n; captures Talikan, 154n; ravages Badakhshan, 163n; his respect for Christians, 186n, 242n, 243n; subjugates Kutchluk Khân, 189n; his campaigns in Tangut, 206n, 218n, 225n, 281n; Rubruquis’ account of, 237n, 239n; made king of the Tartars, 238; his system of conquests, 238; and Prester John, 239–241; divining by twigs—presage of victory, 241; defeats and slays Prester John, 244; his death and burial-place, 244, 245n, 249n; his aim at conquest of the world, 245n; his funeral, 250n; his army, 262, 265n; defeats the Merkits, 270n; relations between Prester John’s and his families, 284, 288n; the Horiad tribe, 300, 308n; his prophecy about Kúblái, 331n; rewards his captains, 351n; captures Peking, ii. 8n; defeats and slays Taiyang Khan, 20n; his alleged invasion of Tibet, 46n; his mechanical artillery, 168n; his cruelty, 181n; Table of Genealogy of his House, 505n Chinghiz Tora, ii. 481n Ching-hoang tower at Hangchau-fu, ii. 214n Chinginju (Chang-chau), ii. 178 Chingintalas, province, i. 212; its identification, 214n, 215n Chingkim, Chinkin, Chimkin, Kúblái’s favourite son and heir-apparent, i. 38n, 359, 360n, 418, 422n; his palace, 366, 372n Chingsang, Ching-siang (Chinisan), title of a Chief Minister of State, i. 432n, ii. 145, 148n, 150n, 218n Chingting-fu (Acbaluc), ii. 13, 14n Chingtsu, or Yung-lo, Emperor, ii. 392n _Chíní_, coarse sugar, ii. 230n Chinju (Tinju), ii. 153, 154n _Chin-tan_, or _Chínasthána_, Chinese etymology of, ii. 119n Chinuchi, Cunichi, Kúblái’s Masters of the Hounds, i. 400, 401n Chipangu (Japan), ii. 253, 256n; account of Kúblái’s expedition _v._, 255, 258; its disasters, 255–256; history of expedition, 260n _seqq._; relations with China and Korea, 262n Chitral, i. 154n, 160n, 165n, 166n _Chloroxylon Dupada_, ii. 397n Cho-chau (Juju), ii. 10, 11n, 131n _Choiach_, the term, ii. 364, 368n Chola, or Sola-desam (Soli, Tanjore), ii. 335n, 336n, 364, 368n Chonka (Fo-kien), kingdom of, ii. 231, 232n, 236; explanation of name, 232n Chonkwé, ii. 232n Chorcha, _see_ Churchin Christian, astrologers, i. 241, 446; churches in China, early, ii. 27n; inscription of Singanfu, 28n; Alans in the Mongol service, ii. 178, 179n Christianity, attributed to Chinghizide princes, i. 14n, ii. 476, 477n; Kúblái’s views on, i. 344n —— former, of Socotra, ii. 410n Christians, of the Greek rite, Georgians, i. 50; and Russians, ii. 486; Jacobite and Nestorian, at Mosul, i. 46, 60, 61n; among the Kurds, 60, 62n; and the Khalif of Baghdad—the miracle of the mountain and the one-eyed cobbler, 68–73; Kashgar, 182, 183n; in Samarkand, 183, 186n; the miracle of the stone removed, 185; Yarkand, 187; Tangut, 203, 207n; Chingintalas, 212; Suh-chau, 217; Kan-chau, 219; in Chinghiz’s camp, 241; Erguiul and Sinju, 274; Egrigaia, 281; Tenduc, 285; Nayan and the Khan’s decision, 339, 344; at Kúblái’s Court, 388; in Yun-nan, ii. 66, 74n; Cacanfu, 132; Yang-chau, 154n; churches at Chin-kiang fu, 177; at Kinsay, 192; St. Thomas’, 353–354; Coilum, 375; Male and Female Islands, 404; Socotra, 406; Abyssinia and fire baptism, 427, 432n; of the Girdle, 432n; in Lac (Wallachia), 487 _Chrocho_, the Rukh (_q.v._), ii. 415n _seqq._ Chronology and chronological data discussed, first journey of the Polos, i. 3n; war between Barka and Hulákú, 8n; Polos’ stay at Bokhara, 10n; their departure and their second journey from Acre, 23n; their return voyage and arrival in Persia, 38n; story of Nigudar, 103n; Hormuz princes, 120n; destruction of Ismailites, 146n; history of Chinghiz, 239n, 242n, 247n; Kúblái’s birth and accession, 334n; Nayan’ rebellion, 334n, 346n; Polo’s visit to Yun-nan, ii. 81n; battle with the king of Mien, 104n; wars between China and Burma, 104n–106n, 111n, 114n; value of Indo-Chinese, 106n; conquest of S. China, 148n, 149n; capture of Siang-yang, 167n; Kúblái’s dealings with Japan, 260n–261n; with Champa, 270n; Marco’s visit to Japan, 271n; Kúblái’s Java expedition, 275n; review of the Malay, 282n; events in Ma’bar, 333n; King Gondophares, 357n; cessation of Chinese navigation to India, 391n; Abyssinia, 434n _seqq._; Kaidu’s wars, 462n, 467n; Mongol revolutions in Persia, notes from, 470n–475n; wars of Toktai and Noghai, 497. (_See_ also _Dates_.) Chrysostom, i. 81n Chuchu, in Kiang-si, ii. 224n, 229n Chughis, _see_ Jogis Chung-Kiang, ii. 40n Chungkwé, “Middle Kingdom,” ii. 232n Chung-tu, or Yen-King (Peking, _see_ Cambaluc) _Ch’ura_, i. 265n Churches, Christian, in Kashgar, i. 182; Samarkand, 185; Egrigaia, 281; Tenduc, 287n; early, in China, ii. 27n; Yang-chau, 154n; Chin-kiang fu, 177; Kinsay, 192; Zayton, 238n, 240n; St. Thomas’s, 354–355, 356n; Coilum, 377n; Socotra, 409n–410n Churchin, or Niuché, Churché, Chorcha (the Manchu Country), i. 231n, 343, 344n Cielstan, Suolstan (Shúlistán), i. 83, 85n Cinnamon, Tibet, ii. 49, 52n; Caindu, 56, 59n; Ceylon, 315n; story in Herodotus of, 363n; Malabar, 389, 390n Circumcision of Socotrans, ii. 409n; forcible, of a bishop, 429; of Abyssinians, 432n Cirophanes, or Syrophenes, story of, ii. 328n Civet, of Sumatra, ii. 295n Clement IV., Pope, i. 17, 18n, 21n _Clepsydra_, i. 378n, 385n, ii. 214 Cloves, ii. 272, 306; in Caindu, 56, 59n Coal (Polo’s blackstone), i. 442; in Scotland in Middle Ages, 443n; in Kinsay, ii. 216 Cobbler, the one-eyed, and the miracle of the mountain, i. 70 Cobinan (Koh-Banán), i. 125 Cocachin (Kúkáchin), the Lady, _23–24_, i. 32, 33n, 36, 38n Cochin-China, the mediæval Champa (_q.v._) Coco-nut (Indian nut), i. 108, ii. 293, 306, 308n, 309n, 354, 389 Coco Islands, of Hiuen T’sang, ii. 307n Cocos Islands, ii. 309n Cœur de Lion, his mangonels, ii. 165n, 166n Coffins, Chinese, in Tangut, i. 205, 209n Cogachin (Hukaji), Kúblái’s son, King of Carajan, i. 361n, ii. 76 Cogatai, i. 419 Cogatal, a Tartar envoy to the Pope, i. 13, 15 Coiganju (Hwaingan-fu), ii. 142, 148, 151 Coilum (Kollam, Kaulam, Quilon), kingdom of, ii. 375, 382n, 403n, 413n, 426n, 440n; identity of meaning of name, 377n; Church of St. George at, 377n; modern state of, 377n; Kúblái’s intercourse with, 378n Coilumin, _columbino_, _colomní_, so-called Brazil-wood, ii. 375; ginger, 375, 381n Coins of Cilician Armenia, i. 42n; of Mosul, 61n; Agathocles and Pantaleon, 163n; Seljukian with Lion and Sun, 352n; found at Siang-Yang, ii. 169n; King Gondophares, 357n; Tartar heathen princes with Mahomedan and Christian formulae, 477n Coja (Koja), Tartar envoy from Persia to the Khan, i. 32–33n, 38n Cold, intense, in Kerman, i. 91, 111n, 113n; in Russia, ii. 487 “Cold Mountains,” i. 114n Coleridge, verses on Kúblái’s Paradise, i. 305n Coloman, province, ii. 122, 128n–131n _Colombino_, _see_ Coilumin Colon, _see_ Coilum Colossal Buddhas, recumbent, i. 219, 221n Columbum, _see_ Coilum Columbus, Polo paralleled with, _3_; remarks on, _105–106_ Comania, Comanians, i. 50, ii. 382, 383n, 490, 491n Comari, Comori (Cape Comorin, Travancore), ii. 333n, 382, 384, 385, 403n, 426n; temple at, 383n Combermere, Lord, prophecy applied to, ii. 149n _Comercque_, Khan’s custom-house, ii. 37, 41n Compartments, in hulls of ships, ii. 249, 251n Compass, Mariner’s, _138_ Competitive Examinations in beauty, i. 359n Conchi, King of the North, ii. 479 Concubines, how the Khan selects, i. 357 Condor, its habits, ii. 417n; Temple’s account of, 417n; Padre Bolivar’s of the African, 420n Condur and Sondur, ii. 276, 277n _Condux_, sable or beaver, i. 410n Conia, Coyne (Iconium), i. 43 Conjeveram, ii. 334n Conjurers, the Kashmirian, i. 166, 168n; weather-, 98, 105n, 166, 168n, 301, 309n–311n; Lamas’ ex-feats, 315n–318n. (_See_ also Sorcerers.) Conosalmi (Kamasal), i. 99, 106n Constantinople, i. 2, 19n, 36, ii. 165n, 487; Straits of, 488, 490 Convents, _see_ Monasteries Cookery, Tartar horse-, i. 264n Cooper, T. T., traveller on Tibetan frontier, ii. 45n, 48n, 52n, 59n, 67n Copper, token currency of Mahomed Tughlak, i. 429n; imported to Malabar, ii. 390; to Cambay, 398 Coral, valued in Kashmir, Tibet, etc., i. 167, 170n, ii. 49, 52n Corea (Kauli), i. 343, 345n Corn, Emperor’s store and distribution of, i. 443 Coromandel (Maabar), _see_ Mabar Corsairs, _see_ Pirates Corte del Milione, _see_ Ca’ Polo —— Sabbionera at Venice, _27_ _seqq._ Cosmography, mediæval, _130_ _Costus_, ii. 397n Cotan, _see_ Khotan Cotton, stuffs of, i. 44n, 45, 47n, 48n, 60, ii. 225, 228n, 361, 363n, 395, 398, 431; at Merdin, i. 60; in Persia, 84; at Kashgar, 181; Yarkand, 187; Khotan, 188, 190n; Pein, 191; Bengal, ii. 115; bushes of gigantic size, 393, 394n Counts in Vokhan, i. 171, 173n; at Dofar, ii. 444 Courts of Justice, at Kinsay, ii. 203 _Couvade_, custom of, ii. 85, 91n–95n, 596n Cow-dung, its use in Maabar, ii. 341, 365 Cowell, Professor, i. 105n Cowries (porcelain shells, pig shells), used for money, etc., ii. 66, 74n, 76, 123; procured from Locac, 276, 279n _Cralantur_, its meaning(?), i. 71n Cramoisy (quermesis), i. 44n, 63, 65n Cranes, five kinds of, i. 296, 297n Crawford, John, ii. 277n Cremation, i. 204, 208n, ii. 122, 132, 134n, 135, 140, 141, 151, 152, 191, 218, 221n; in Middle Ages, ii. 133n Cremesor, Hot Region (Garmsir), i. 75, 99n, 112n, 114n Çrībhõja (Çribhôdja), country, ii. 283n Crocodiles, _see_ Alligators Cross, legend of the Tree of the, i. 135; gibes against, on Nayan’s defeat, 343; on monument at Singanfu, ii. 27n Crossbows, ii. 78, 82n, 161n Cruelties, Tartar, i. 151n, 265n, 266n, ii. 180n _Crusca MS._ of Polo, _82_, i. 18n, 38n, 85n, 297n, 358n, 384n, ii. 34n, 72n Cubeb pepper, ii. 272, 391n Cubits, astronomical altitude estimated by, ii. 382, 389, 392 Cublay, _see_ Kúblái Cucintana, ii. 396n Cudgel, Tartars’ use of, i. 266, 267n, 414 Cuiju (Kwei-chau), province, ii. 124, 127n Cuinet, Vital, on Turkman villages, i. 44n; on Mosul Kurds, 62n Cuirbouly, i. 260, 263n, ii. 78, 82n Cuju, ii. 219, 221n, 224n Cuncun (Han-Chung) province, ii. 31, 32n Cunningham, General A., i. 12n, 104, 156n, 173n, 178n, 283n, 290n, ii. 357n Cups, flying, i. 301, 314n, 349n Curds and Curdistan, i. 9n, 60, 62n, 83n, 84n, 85n, 102n, 143n, 145n Currency, copper token, in India, i. 429n; salt, ii. 45, 54, 57n; leather, i. 429n; Cowrie, _see_ Cowries Currency, paper, in China, i. 423, 426n; attempt to institute in Persia, 428n; alluded to, ii. 124, 127, 132, 135, 138, 140, 141, 152, 154, 170, 174, 176, 178, 181, 187, 218 Current, strong south along East Coast of Africa, ii. 412, 415n Currents, Cape of, or Corrientes, ii. 415n, 417n, 426n Curtains, Persian, i. 66n Curzola Island, Genoese victory at, _6_, _45_ _seqq._; Polo’s galley at, _49_; map of, _50_ Curzon, Lord, i. 64n, 84n, 86n, 128n; list of Pamirs, ii. 594n —— Hon. R., on invention of printing, _138_, _139_ Customs, Custom-houses, ii. 37, 41n, 170, 204, 215, 216 Cutch pirates, ii. 410n Cuxstac, Kuhestec, i. 110n Cuy Khan (Kuyuk), i. 14n, 245, 247n Cycle, Chinese, i. 447, 454n _Cynocephali_, the, ii. 228n, 309, 311n Cypresses, sacred, of the Magians, i. 131n Cyprus, i. 65n Cyrus, his use of camels in battle near Sardis, ii. 104n Dabul, ii. 443n _Dadian_, title of Georgian kings, i. 53n Da Gama, ii. 386n, 391n Dagroian, kingdom of, in Sumatra, ii. 293; probable position of, 297n Dailiu (Tali), ii. 81n Daïtu, Taidu, Tatu (Peking), Kúblái’s new city of Cambaluc, i. 305n, 306n, 374, 375n Dakiánús, city of (Camadi), i. 113n _Dalada_, tooth relique of Buddha, ii. 329n–330n Dalai Lama, with four hands, ii. 265n D’Alboquerque, ii. 281n, 382n, 409n, 451n Dalivar, Dilivar, Diláwar (Lahore), a province of India, i. 99, 104n, 105n Dalmian, ii. 297n Damas, i. 65n Damascus, i. 23n, 143; siege of, ii. 166n Damasks, with _cheetas_ in them, i. 398n; with giraffes, ii. 424n. (_See_ also Patterns.) Damghan, i. 138n, 148n Dancing dervishes, ii. 97n Dancing girls, in Hindu temples, ii. 345, 351n Dandolo, Andrea, Admiral of Venetian fleet at Curzola, _6_, _46_; his captivity and suicide, _48_; funeral at Venice, _50_ D’Anghieria, Pietro Martire, _36_, _120_ Dantapura, ii. 329n Dante, number of MSS., _117_; does not allude to Polo, _118_; _Convito_, i. 14n D’Anville’s Map, i. 25n, 88n, 155n, 224n, 228n, 297n, 408n, ii. 69n, 72n, 141n Darábjird, i. 86n Darah, ii. 436n Dárápúr, i. 104n, 105n _Dardas_, stuff embroidered in gold, i. 65n Dariel, Pass of (Gate of the Alans), i. 53n, 54n Darius, i. 128, 138n, 151, 157; the Golden King, ii. 17 Dark Ocean of the South, ii. 417n Darkness, magical, i. 98, 105n, 166 —— land of, ii. 484, 485n; how the Tartars find their way out, 484; the people and their peltry, 484; Alexander’s legendary entrance into, 485; Dumb trade of, 486n _Darráj_, black partridge, its peculiar call, i. 99n Darúná, salt mines, i. 154n Darwáz, i. 160n Dasht, or Plain, of Bahárak, i. 156n Dashtáb, hot springs, i. 122n Dasht-i-Lut (Desert of Lút), i. 124n, 127, 128n Dashtistan tribe and district, i. 86n Dates (chronology) in Polo’s book, generally erroneous, i. 2, 17, 36, 63, 145, 238, 332, ii. 98, 114, 145, 177, 259, 267, 268, 319, 354, 428, 459, 464, 474, 494 —— (trees or fruit), Basra, 63, 65n; Báfk, 88, 89n; Reobarles, province, 97, 111n; Formosa Plain, 107; Hormos, 109, 116n; wine of, 107, 115n; diet of fish, etc., 107, 116n, ii. 450 Daughters of Marco Polo, _69_, _71_, _73_, _76_, ii. 506n D’Avezac, M., i. 23n, 48n, 66n, 231n, 271n David, king of Abyssinia, ii. 435n, 436n David, king of Georgia (Dawith), i. 50, 53n Davids, Professor T. W. Rhys, _Buddhist Birth Stories_, ii. 326n Davis, Sir John F., ii. 139n, 142n, 152n, 173n, 175n, 176n, 182n Dawaro, ii. 435n, 436n Daya, ii. 300n, 305n Dead, disposal of the, in Tangut, i. 205, 209n; at Cambaluc, 414; in Coloman, ii. 122; in China, 133n; in Dagroian, 293; by the Battas, 298n —— burning of the, _see_ Cremation; eating the, _see_ Cannibalism De Barros, ii. 239n, 283n, 287n, 300n, 410n; on Java, 274n; Singhapura, 281n; Janifs, 286n Debt, singular arrest for, ii. 343, 350n _Decima_, or Tithe on bequest, _71_ Decimal organisation of Tartar armies, i. 261, 264n Decius, Emperor, i. 113n Degháns, Dehgáns, i. 152n Dehánah, village, i. 152n Deh Bakri, i. 111n, 112n De la Croix, Pétis, i. 9n, 155n, 183n, 239n, 243n, 281n, 410n Delhi, Sultans of, _12_, ii, 426n D’Ely, Mount, _see_ Eli Demoiselle Crane, _anthropoides virgo_, i. 297n Deogir, ii. 426n Derbend, Wall of, i. 53n, ii. 495. (_See_ also Iron Gate of.) Deserts, haunted, i. 197, 201n, 274 Deserts of Kerman or of Lút, i. 123, 124n; of Khorasan, 149; of Charchan, 194; Lop (Gobi), 196, 197, 198n–203n, 210, 212, 214n, 223; Karakorum, 224, 226, 237n Desgodins, Abbé, ii. 57n Despina Khatun, ii. 477n Devadási, ii. 351n Devapattan, ii. 400n Devéria, G., i. 29n, 225n, 291n, ii. 60n, 63n, 70n, 89n, 108n, 122n, 124n Devil-dancing, i. 315n, ii. 86, 97n Devil trees, i. 136n Devils, White, ii. 355, 359n D’Evreux, Father Yves, ii. 94n Dhafar (Dofar, Thafar), ii. 340, 348n, 444; its incense, 445; two places of the name, 445n–446n _Dhárani_, mystic charms, i. 315 Dhúlkarnain (Alex.), _see_ Zulkarnain Dialects, Chinese, ii. 236, 243n–244n Diamonds in India, how found, ii. 360–361; mines of, 362n; diffusion of legend about, _ib._ “Diex Terrien,” i. 141n Diláwar, Polo’s Dihar, i. 104n Dimitri II., Thawdadebuli, king of Georgia, i. 53n Dínár, _see_ Bezant Dinár of Red Gold, ii. 348n, 349n Dinh Tiên-hwàng, king of An-nam, i. 264n Diocletian, i. 14n _Dioscorides insula_, ii. 408n Dir, chief town of Panjkora, i. 104n, 164n, 165n Dirakht-i-Fazl, i. 135n, 138n Dirakht-i-Kush, i. 135n Diráwal, ancient capital of the Bhattis, i. 104n Dirhem-Kub, Shah Mahomed, founder of Hormuz dynasty, i. 115n, 121n Dish of Sakya or of Adam, ii. 328n, 330n Diu City, ii. 392n Diul-Sind, Lower Sind, i. 86n Divination by twigs or arrows, i. 241, 242n Dixan, branding with cross at, ii. 433n Dizabulus, pavilion of, i. 384n Dizfúl River, i. 85n Djao (Chao) Namian Sumé (Kaipingfu), i. 25n Djaya, turquoises, ii. 56n Doctors at Kinsay, ii. 203 Dofar, _see_ Dhafar Dogana, i. 151; conjectures as to, 152n, 156n Doghábah River, i. 152n Dog-headed races, ii. 309, 311n Dogs, the Khan’s mastiffs, i. 400; of Tibet, ii. 45, 49, 52n; fierce in Cuiju, 126 Dog-sledging in Far North, ii. 480, 481n, 482; notes on dogs, 483n Dolfino, Ranuzzo, husband of Polo’s daughter, Moreta, _76_ Dolonnúr, i. 26n Dominicans, sent with Polos but turn back, i. 22, 23 _D’or plain_, the expression, i. 269n Doráh Pass, i. 165n Doria, family at Meloria, _56_ —— Lampa, _6_; Admiral of Genoese Fleet sent to Adriatic, _45_; his victory, _48_; his tomb and descendants, _51_; at Meloria with six sons, _56_ —— Octaviano, death of, _48_ —— Tedisio, exploring voyage of, _51_ Dorjé, i. 360n D’Orléans, Prince Henri, i. 200n, 277n Douglas, Rev. Dr. C., ii. 232n, 237n, 240n, 241n, 244n Doyley, Sir Fulke, ii. 166n Dragoian (Ta-hua-Mien), ii. 297n, 306n _Draps entaillez_, i. 392 Drawers, enormous, of Badakhshan women, i. 160, 163n Dreams, notable, i. 305n Drums, sound of in certain sandy districts, 197, 202n _Dryabalanops Camphora_, ii. 303n Dua Khan, i. 121n, ii. 459n, 462n Du Bose, Rev. H. C., ii. 182n–184n Ducat, or sequin, i. 426n, ii. 591n Dudley, _Arcano del Mare_, ii. 266n Duel, mode in S. India of, ii. 371 Dufour, on mediæval artillery, ii. 161n, 163n Duhalde, Plan of Ki-chau, ii. 26n; or T’si-ning chau, ii. 139n Duḳuz Khatun, i. 288n Dulcarnon (Zulkarnain), i. 161n Dulites, ii. 432n Dumas, Alexander, i. 53n Dumb trade, ii. 486n Duncan, Rev. Moir, ii. 28n _Dungen_ (_Tungăni_), or converts, i. 291n Duplicates in geography, ii. 409n _Dupu_, ii. 397n Dürer’s Map of Venice, so-called, _29_, _30_ Durga Temple, ii. 383n Dursamand, ii. 427n _Dúsháb_, sweet liquor or syrup, i. 87n Dust-storms, i. 105n Duties, on Great Kiang, ii. 170; on goods at Kinsay and Zayton, 189, 215, 216, 235; on horses, 438; at Hormuz, 450. (_See_ also Customs.) Dutthagamini, king of Ceylon, i. 169n Dwara Samudra, ii. 294n, 367n, 427n Dzegun-tala, name applied to Mongolia, i. 214n Dzungaria, i. 214n Eagle mark on shoulder of Georgian kings, i. 50 Eagles, trained to kill large game, i. 397, 399n —— white, in the Diamond Country, ii. 360–361 Eagle-wood, origin of the name, ii. 271n. (_See_ Lign-aloes.) Earth honoured, ii. 341 East, its state, _circa_ 1260, _8_ _et seqq._ Ebony (bonus), ii. 268, 272n Edkins, Rev., ii. 199n Edward I., _59_, _62_, _63_, i. 21n, ii. 593n Edward II., correspondence with Tartar princes, i. 36n, ii. 477n Effeminacy, in Chinese palaces, ii. 17, 20n, 145, 207, 208 Eggs of Ruc and Aepyornis, ii. 416n, 417n Egrigaia, province, i. 281, 282n Ela (cardamom), ii. 388n Elchidai, ii. 471, 474n Elenovka, i. 58n Elephantiasis, i. 187, 188n, ii. 350n Elephants, Kúblái carried on a timber bartizan by four, i. 337, 404, 408n; Kúblái’s, 391, 392n, ii. 104; the king of Mien’s, 99; numbers of men alleged to be carried by, 100n; how the Tartars routed, 102; wild, 107, 111, 117, 119n; in Caugigu, 117; Champa, 268, 271n; Locac, 276, 279n; Sumatra, 285, 289n, 290n; Madagascar and Zanghibar, 411, 422; trade in teeth of, _ib._; carried off by the Ruc, 412, 417n, 419n, 421n; in Zanghibar, 422, 423; used in war, 429, 433n–434n; an error, 433n; Nubian, 424n; fable about, _ib._; not bred in Abyssinia, 431; training of African, 434n; war of the, _ib._ Eli, Ely, Elly (Hili), kingdom of, ii. 385, 386n _seqq._, 403n, 426n Elias, Ney, i. 215n, 225n, 278n, 288n, 291n, ii. 23n, 144n Elixir vitae of the Jogis, ii. 365, 369n Elliot, Sir Walter, i. 38n, 48n, 56n, 65n, 96n, 102n, 104n, 105n, 121n, 165n, 265n, ii. 295n, 333n, 334n, 336n, 350n, 367n, 369n, 370n, 372n, 400n, 410n, 419n Emad, Ed-din Abu Thaher, founder of the Kurd dynasty, i. 85n Embroidery of silk at Kerman, i. 90, 96n; leather in Guzerat, ii. 394, 395n Empoli, Giovanni d’, ii. 239n _Empusa_, the Arabian Nesnás, i. 202n Enchanters, at Socotra, ii. 407 Enchantments, of the Caraonas, i. 98. (_See_ also Conjurers, Sorcerers.) Engano Island, legend, ii. 406n Engineering feat, _50_ Engineers, their growing importance in Middle Ages, ii. 166n England, Kúblái’s message to king of, i. 34; correspondence of Tartar princes with kings of, 36n, ii. 477n English trade and character in Asia, ii. 368n Enlightenment, Land of, i. 460n _Erba_, poisonous plant or grass, i. 217, 218n Erculin, Arculin (an animal), ii. 481, 483n, 484, 487 Erdeni Tso (Erdenidsu), or Erdeni Chao Monastery, i. 228n–230n Eremites (Rishis), of Kashmir, i. 166, 169n Erguiul, province, i. 274, 282n Erivan, i. 58n _Erkeun_ (_Ye li ke un_), Mongol for Christians, i. 291n Ermine, i. 257, 405, 410n, ii. 481, 484, 487 Erzinjan, Erzinga, Eriza (Arzinga), i. 45 Erzrum (Arziron), i. 45, 48n _Eschiel_, the word, ii. 390n Esher (Shehr, Es-shehr), ii. 442; trade with India, incense, Ichthyophagi, 442, 443, 444n; singular sheep, 443, 444n Essentemur (Isentimur), Kúblái’s grandson, king of Carajan, ii. 64, 80n, 98 _Estimo_, Venetian, or forced loan, _47_, _76_ Etchmiadzin Monastery, i. 61n Ethiopia and India, confused, ii. 432n Ethiopian sheep, ii. 422, 424n Etiquette of the Mongol Court, i. 382, 385n, 391, 393n, 457 Etymologies, _Balustrade_, _38_; buckram, i. 47n–48n; Avigi, 57n; Geliz (Ghellé), 59n; Jatolic, 61n; muslin, 62n; baudekins, 65n; cramoisy, 65n; ondanique, 93n; zebu, 99n; carbine, 101n; Dulcarnon, 161n; balas, 161n; azure and lazuli, 162n; None, 173n; Mawmet and Mummery, 189n; salamander, 216n; berrie, 237n; barguerlac, 272n; S’ling, 276n, 283n; siclatoun, 283n; Argon, 290n; Tungani, 291; Guasmul, 292n; chakór, 297n; Jádú and Yadah, 309n–310n; Tafur, 313n; Bacsi, 314n; Sensin, 321n; P’ungyi, 325n; _carquois_, 366n; Keshikán, 380n; vernique, 384n; camut, borgal, shagreen, 395n; Chinuchi or Chunichi, 401n; Toscaol, 407n; Bularguchi, 407n; Fondaco, 415n; Bailo, 421n; comercque, ii. 41n; porcelain, 74n; Sangon, 138n; Faghfur, 148n; Manjanik, mangonel, mangle, etc., 163n–164n; galingale, 229n; Chini and Misri, 230n; Satin, 241n, 242n; eagle-wood, aloes-wood, 271n–272n; Bonús, Calamanz, _ib._; benzoni, 286n; china pagoda, 336n; Pacauca, 346n; Balánjar, a-muck, 347n–348n; Pariah, 349n; Govi, _ib._; Avarian, 355n–356n; Abraiaman, 367n; Choiach, 368n; proques, 370n; Tembul and Betel, 374n; Sappan and Brazil, 380n–381n; Balladi, _ib._; Belledi, 381n; Indigo baccadeo, 382n; Gatpaul, baboon, 383n–385n; Salami cinnamon, 391n; κώμακον, _ib._; rook (in chess), 419n; Aranie, 462n; Erculin and Vair, 483n; Misḳál, 592n —— (of Proper Names), Curd, i. 62n; Dzungaria, 214n; Chingintalas, _ib._; Cambuscan, 247n; Oirad, 308n; Kungurat, 358n; Manzi, ii. 144n; Bayan, 148n; Kinsay, 193n; Japan, 256n; Sornau, 279n; Narkandam, 312n; Ceylon, 314n; Ma’bar, 332n; Chilaw, 337n; Mailapúr, 359n; Sônagarpaṭṭanam, 372n; Punnei-Káyal, Káyal, _ib._; Kollam (Coilum), 377; Hili (Ely), 386n; Cambaet, 398n; Mangla and Nebila, 405n; Socotra, 408n; Colesseeah, 410n; Caligine, 439n; Aijaruc, 463; Nemej, 493n —— Chinese, ii. 119n Etzina, i. 223 Eunuchs, i. 356; procured from Bengal, ii. 115n Euphrates, i. 43n; said to flow into the Caspian, 52, 59n _Euphratesia_, i. 43n Euxine, _see_ Black Sea Evelyn’s _Diary_, i. 136n Execution of Princes of the Blood, mode of, i. 67n, 343, 344n Eyircayá, i. 281n Facen, Dr. J., _139_ Faghfur (Facfur, Emperor of Southern China), ii. 145; meaning of title, 148n; his effeminate diversions, 207; decay of his palace, 208 Faizabad in Badakhshan, i. 156n, 163n, 173n, 175n Fakanúr, ii. 440n Fakata, ii. 260n Fakhruddin Ahmad, Prince of Hormuz, i. 121n, ii. 333n Falconers, Kúblái’s, i. 335, 402, 407n Falcons, of Kerman, i. 90, 96n; Saker and Lanner, 158, 162n; peregrine, 269; Kúblái’s, 402 Famine, horrors, i. 313n _Fanchán_, _P’ing-chang_, title of a second class Cabinet Minister, i. 432n, ii. 179n Fanchan Lake, ii. 29n Fan-ching, siege of, ii. 167n Fandaraina, ii. 386n, 391n, 440n _Fang_, _see_ Squares Fansur, in Sumatra, kingdom of, ii. 299, 302n Fansuri camphor, ii. 299, 302n Fan Wen-hu, or Fan-bunko, a General in Japanese Expedition, ii. 260n, 261n Fariáb, or Pariáb, i. 106n Faro of Constantinople, ii. 490 Farriers, none in S. India, ii. 340, 450 Fars, province, i. 85n, 92n, ii. 333n, 348n, 377n, 402n Fashiyah, Atabeg dynasty, i. 85n, 86n Fassa, i. 86n Fasting days, Buddhist, i. 220, 222n Fattan, in Ma’bar, ii. 333n, 336n Fatteh, ’Ali Sháh, i. 146n, 179n Fausto, Vettor, his Quinquereme, _33_ Fazl, Ibn Hassan (Fazluïeh-Hasunïeh), i. 86n Feili, Lurs dynasty, i. 84n Female attendants on Chinese Emperors, ii. 17, 20n, 147, 207, 208 Ferlec, in Sumatra, kingdom of (Parlák), ii. 284, 287n, 294n, 295n, 305n; Hill people, 284, 288n Fernandez, or Moravia, Valentine, ii. 295n Ferrier, General, i. 68n, 100n, 106n Festivals, Order of the Kaan’s, i. 386, 388n Fiag, or Pog River, i. 54n _Ficus Vasta_, i. 129n _Fidáwí_, Ismailite adepts, i. 144n, 145n Filial Piety in China, i. 457, 462n Filippi, Professor F. de, Silk industry in Ghílán, i. 59n Finn, i. 122n Fiordelisa, daughter of younger Maffeo Polo, _17_, _65_ —— supposed to be Nicolo Polo’s second wife, _17_, _26_, _27_ —— wife of Felice Polo, _27_, _65_ Firando Island, ii. 260n Firdús, Ismailite Castle, i. 148n Firdúsí, i. 93n, 130n Fire, affected by height of Pamir Plain, i. 171, 178n; regulations at Kinsay, ii. 189 Fire-baptism, ascribed to Abyssinians, ii. 427, 432n Fire-_Pao_ (cannon?), i. 342n, ii. 596n Fire-worship, or rockets, in Persia, i. 78, 80; by the Sensin in Cathay, 303, 325n Firishta, the historian, i. 104n, 169n Fish miracle in Georgia, i. 52, 57n, 58n; in the Caspian, 59n; and date diet, 107, 116n, ii. 450; supply at Kinsay, 202; food for cattle, 443, 444n; stored for man and beast, 443 Fish-oil, used for rubbing ships, i. 108, 117n Florin, or ducat, ii. 215, 591n Flour (Sago), trees producing, ii. 300, 304n, 305n Flückiger, Dr., ii. 226n Fog, dry, i. 105n Fo-kien, _see_ Fu-chau Folin (Byzantine Empire), ii. 405n Fondaco, i. 415n, ii. 238n Foot-mark on Adam’s Peak, _q.v._ Foot-posts in Cathay, i. 435 Forg, i. 86n Formosa, Plain (Harmuza), i. 107, 115n Forsyth, Sir T. Douglas, i. 193n, 194n, 216n, 400n Fortune, R., ii. 182n, 198, 220n, 222n, 224n, 229n, 233n Foundlings, provision for, ii. 147, 151n Four-horned sheep, ii. 443, 444n Fowls with hair, ii. 126, 129n Foxes, black, ii. 479, 481n, 484, 487 Fozlán, Ibn, i. 7n, 8n, ii. 348n, 488n _Fra terre_ (Interior), i. 43n Fracastoro, Jerome, _2_ Franciscan converts, in Volga region, i. 5n, 9n, ii. 491n; at Yang-chau, 154n; Zayton, 237n Francolin (darráj of the Persians), black partridge, i. 97, 99n, 107, 297n Frankincense, _see_ Incense Frederic II., Emperor, his account of the Tartars, i. 56n; story of implicit obedience, 144n; his _cheetas_, 398n; his leather money, 429n; his giraffe, ii. 424n French, the original language of Polo’s Book, _81_ _seqq._; its large diffusion in that age, _86_ _seqq._, _122_ French Expedition up the Kamboja River, ii. 57n, 67n, 80n, 120n Frenchmen, riding long like, ii. 78 French mission and missionaries in China, ii. 38n, 48n, 52n, 57n, 63n, 96n, 97n, 127n _Frère charnel_, i. 187n Frere, Sir B., i. 96n, 117n, 147n, ii. 395n, 424n Froissart, i. 17n, 42n, 68n Fu-chau (Fo-kien, Fuju), ii. 220n–222n, 224n, 226, 230, 231, 232n, 233n, 238n, 251n; paper-money at, i. 428n; wild hill people of, 225, 228n; its identity, 232n, 238n; language of, 243n; tooth relique at, 330n Fuen (Fen) ho River, ii. 17n Funeral rites, Chinese, in Tangut, i. 204; of the Kaans, 246, 250n; at Kinsay, ii. 191. (_See_ also Dead.) Fungul, city of, ii. 124, 127n Furs, of the Northern Regions, i. 257, 405, 410n, ii. 481, 483n, 484, 487 Fusang, Mexico(?), ii. 405n Fuyang, ii. 220n Fuzo, _see_ Fu-chau Gabala, Bishop of, i. 231n Gagry, maritime defile of, i. 54n Gaisue, officer of Kúblái’s Mathematical Board, i. 449n _Galeasse_, Venetian gallery, _36_, i. 119n Galingale, ii. 225, 229n, 272 Galletti, Marco, _27_, ii. 512n Galleys of the Middle Ages, war, _31_ _seqq._; arrangement of rowers, _31–32_; number of oars, _32_, _33_; dimensions, _33_, _34_; tactics in fight, _38_; toil in rowing, _ib._; strength and cost of crew, _39_; staff of fleet, _39–40_; Joinville’s description of, _40_; customs of, _41_ Galley-slaves not usual in Middle Ages, _39_ Gambling, prohibited by Kúblái, i. 457 Game, _see_ Sport Game Laws, Mongol, i. 396, 406, ii. 13 Game, supplied to Court of Cambaluc, i. 396, 401 Ganapati Kings, ii. 362n Gandar, Father, ii. 139n, 153n Gandhára, ii. 114n, 329n, 330n; Buddhist name for Yun-nan, ii. 73n Ganfu, port of Kinsay, ii. 189 Ganja, gate of, i. 57n Gan-p’u, ii. 238n Gantanpouhoa, Kúblái’s son, i. 361n Gantûr, ii. 362n Gardenia, fruit and dyes, ii, 226n Gardiner’s (misprinted Gardner’s) _Travels_, i. 160n, 179n Gardner, C., ii. 196n, 198n Garmsir, Ghermseer (Cremesor), Hot Region, i. 75n, 99n, 112n, 114n Garnier, Lieut. Francis (journey to Talifu), ii. 38n, 48n, 57n, 58n, 60n, 64n, 67n, 74n, 80n, 90n, 91n, 95n, 99n, 117n, 120n, 122n, 123n, 128n, 130n, 198n, 278n Garrisons, Mongol, in Cathay and Manzi, i. 336n, ii. 190, 200n; disliked the people, 205 _Garuda_, ii. 351n, 415n, 419n Gate of Iron, ascribed to Derbend, i. 57n Gates, of Kaan’s palace, i. 363, 368n; of Cambaluc, 374, 377n; of Somnath, ii. 400–401 Gat-pauls, Gatopaul, Gatos-paulas, ii. 382, 383n, 385n _Gatto maimone_, ii. 383n Gauenispola Island, ii. 300, 307n Gaur (_Bos Gaurus_, _etc._), ii. 114n Gauristan, i. 86n Gavraz, village, i. 45n Gazaria, ii. 490, 492n Gedrosi, ii. 402n Gelath in Imeretia, Iron Gate at, i. 57n _Geliz_, Spanish for silk dealer, i. 59n Genealogy of Polos, _13_; errors as given by Barbaro, etc., in, _77–78_; tabular, ii. 506n; of House of Chinghiz, 505n Genoa, Polo’s captivity at, _6_, _48–55_ —— and Pisa, rivalry, and wars of, _41_, _56_ _seqq._ —— and Venice, rivalry and wars of, _41_ _seqq._ Genoese, their growth in skill and splendour, _42_; character as seamen by poet of their own, _43_; character by old Italian author, _48_; capture of Soldaia, i. 4n; their navigation of the Caspian, 52, 59n; trade in box-wood, 57n; their merchants at Tabriz, 75; in Fo-kien, ii. 238n Gentile Plural names converted into local singulars, i. 58n Geographical Text of Polo’s Book constantly quoted, its language, _83_; proofs that it is the original, _84_ _seqq._; tautology, _85_; source of other texts, _ib._ George (Jirjis, Yurji, Gurgán), king of Tenduc, of the time of Prester John, i. 284, 287n; a possible descendant of, 288n, ii. 460 Georgia (Georgiana), beauty of, and its inhabitants, i. 50–53n; their kings, 50, 52n Gerfalcons (Shonkár), i. 270, 273n, 299, 402, 404; tablets engraved with, 35, 351, 355n, ii. 487 Gerini, Colonel, ii. 596n German Follower of the Polos, ii. 159 Ghaiassuddin Balban (Asedin Soldan), Sultan of Delhi, i. 99, 104n, 105n Gháran country, ruby mines in, i. 161n Gházán (Casan) Khan of Persia, son of Arghún, i. 14n, 29n, 88n, 103n, 121n, 138n, 429n, ii. 50, 166n, 466n; his regard for the Polos, i. 35; marries the Lady Kukachin, 36, 38n, ii. 465n; his mosque at Tabriz, i. 76n; set to watch the Khorasan frontier, ii. 474, 475n; obtains the throne, 476; his object and accomplishments, 478n Ghel, or Ghelan (Ghel-u-chelan), Sea of, Caspian Sea, i. 52, 58n Ghellé (Gílí), silk of the Gíl province, i. 52, 59n Ghes, or Kenn (formerly Kish or Kais), i. 63, 64n _Ghez_ tree, i. 89n Ghiuju, ii. 219, 221n, 222n Ghiyas ed-din, last Prince of Kurd dynasty, i. 85n Ghori, or Aksarai River, i. 152n _Ghúls_, goblins, i. 202n Ghúr, i. 102n Giglioli, Professor H., _51_ Gíl, or Gílán, province, i. 59n Gilgit, i. 160n Gill, Captain (_River of Golden Sand_), i. 408n, ii. 40n, 57n, 59n, 80n–82n, 84n, 88n, 91n, 109n, 169n, 221n Ginao, Mt. and Hot Springs, i. 122n Gindanes of Herodotus, ii. 48 Ginger, ii. 22; Shan-si, 33; Caindu, 56; alleged to grow in Kiangnan, 181, 183n; Fuju, 224, 325; Coilum, 375, 381n; different qualities and prices of, 381n; Ely, 385, 388n; Malabar, 389; Guzerat, 393 Giraffes, ii. 413, 421n, 422, 431; mediæval notices of, 424n Girardo, Paul, _70_, ii. 511n Girdkuh, an Ismailite fortress, its long defence, i. 146n, 148n Girls, consecrated to idols in India, ii. 345–346 Gittarchan, _see_ Astrakhan Glaza (Ayas, _q.v._), _54_ Gleemen and jugglers, conquer Mien, ii. 110 Goa, ii. 358n, 451n Gobernador, Straits of, ii. 281n Goës, Benedict, _20_, i. 175n, 218n Gog and Magog (Ung and Mungul), legend of, i. 56n, 57n; rampart of, 57n; country of, 285; name suggested by Wall of China, 292n Gogo, ii. 398n Goître at Yarkand, i. 187, 188n Golconda diamond mines, ii. 362n Gold, Frankincense, and Myrrh, their mystic meaning, i. 79, 81n Gold dust in Tibet, ii. 49, 52n; exchanged for salt in Caindu, 54, 57n; Brius River, 56; in Kin-shia-Kiang, 72n; and nuggets in Carajan, 76; abundant in Yun-nan, 95n, 106; Caugigu, 116; Coloman, 123; infinite in Chipangu, 253, 256; in Sea of Chin Islands, 264; dust in Gulf of Cheinan Islands, 266; not found in Java, 274n; in Locac, 276; the Malayo-Siamese territories, 179n; Sumatra, 284, 287n; vast accumulations in South India, _12_, 340, 348n; imported into Malabar, 390; and into Cambay, 398; purchased in Socotra, 407 Gold and silver towers of Mien, ii. 110 —— cloths of, i. 41, 50, 60, 63, 65n, 75, 84, 285, 387, ii. 23. (_See_ Silk and Gold.) —— of the Gryphons in Herodotus, ii. 419n —— Teeth (Zardandan), Western Yunnan, ii. 84, 88n–91n —— to silver, relative value of, i. 426n, ii. 95n, 256n, 591n Golden King and Prester John, tale of the, ii. 17–22 —— Island, ii. 174n, 175, 176n, 310n —— Horde (kings of the Ponent), ii. 486n, 492n _Golfo, Indigo di_, ii. 382n Gomispola, Gomispoda, _see_ Gauenispola Gomushtapah, Wall of, i. 57n Gomuti palm, ii. 297n Gondophares, a king in the St. Thomas legends, ii. 357n Gordon’s “Ever Victorious Army,” ii. 179n Gordun Sháh, i. 120n Göring, F., i. 74n Goriosan, ii. 260n _Gor Khar_, wild ass, i. 89n Goshawks, i. 50, 57n, 96n, 252, 402; black, ii. 285, 345 Gothia (Crimean), ii. 490; its limit and language, 492n Govy, a low caste in Maabar, ii. 341, 349n, 355 Goza, i. 38n Gozurat, _see_ Guzerat Grail, Buddhist parallel to the Holy, ii. 328n, 330n Granaries, Imperial, i. 443 Grapes in Shan-si, ii. 13, 15n, 16n Grass-cloths, ii. 127n Grasso, Donato, _25_ Great Bear (Meistre), ii. 292, 296n; and Little, force of, and application of these epithets, 286n Great, or Greater Sea (Black Sea), i. 3n, ii. 487, 488, 490 Greece, Bactria’s relation to, i. 160n Greek fire, _38_, ii. 165n Greeks, in Turcomania, i. 43; and Greek tongue in Socotra, ii. 408n, 409n; possible relic of, 410n Green, Rev. D. D., ii. 193n —— Island, legendary, ii. 381n —— Islands, ii. 417n —— Mount, Cambaluc, i. 365, 370n —— R., _see_ Tsien Tang Gregorieff, his excavations at Sarai, i. 6n Gregory X., Pope, _see_ Theobald of Piacenza Grenard, i. 189n, 190n, 193n, 195n, 200n, 203n, 276n, 310n, 324n, 409n, ii. 5n, 27n Grioni, Zanino, ii. 517n _Griut_ (_kurut_), sour-curd, i. 265n Groat, Venetian _grosso_, i. 424, 426n, ii. 22, 66, 153, 181, 201, 225, 236, 354, 591n Groot, Professor, J. J. M. de, i. 209n, 251n, 268n, ii. 135n Grote, Arthur, ii. 444n Grueber and Dorville, Jesuit travellers, i. 276n _Grus_, _cinerea_, _antigone_, _leucogeranus_, _monachus_, i. 297n Gryphon, _see_ Ruc Guasmul (Basmul), half-breeds, i. 284, 292n Guchluk, i. 161n Gudar (village), i. 113n _Gudderi_, musk animals, Tibet, ii. 45, 49n Gudran, i. 126n Guebers, the, i. 88n, 96n Gujáh, Hulákú’s chief secretary, i. 33n _Gugal_, bdellum, ii. 397n Guilds of craftsmen at Kinsay, ii. 186 —— Venetian, _72_ Guinea-fowl, ii. 431, 437n Guions, a quasi-Tibetan tribe, ii. 60n Gumish-Khának, silver mines, i. 49n Gunpowder, _138_ Gurgán, a Tartar chief, ii. 474n _Gurgán_, son-in-law, a title, i. 288n Gur-Khan of Karacathay, i. 233n Gutturals, Mongol elision of, i. 8n, 64n Guz = 100, i. 261, 263n Guzerat (Gozurat), ii. 389, 390, 392, 394n; products, mediæval architecture and dress, 393; work, 393–394, 395n Haast, Dr., discovers a fossil Ruc, ii. 417n Habíb-ullah of Khotan, i. 189n Habsh (Abash), _see_ Abyssinia Hadhramaut (_Sessania Adrumetorum_), i. 82n Hadiah, ii. 436n Haffer, ii. 445n Hai-nan, Gulf of, ii. 266n —— language of, ii. 244n Hairy men in Sumatra, ii. 301n Hajji Mahomed, i. 211n, 221n Hakeddin, ii. 436n Half-breeds, _see_ Argons Hamd Allah Mastaufi, the geographer, i. 76n, 81n, 84n, 92n, 135n Hamilton, Captain Alexander, i. 106n, 122n Hammer-Purgstall on Marco Polo, _115_ Hamúm Arabs, ii. 443n Hamza of Ispahan, i. 101n Hamza Pantsúri, or Fantsúri, ii. 303n Hanbury, D., ii. 183n, 226n, 229n Han-chung (Cuncun), ii. 31, 32n, 34n, 35n Hang-chau fu, _see_ Kinsay Han dynasty, i. 193n, 347n, ii. 32n, 35n, 70n —— River, ii. 34n, 35n, 149n, 167n Hanjám, i. 115n Han-kau, ii. 183n Hansi, ii. 427n Han Yü, ii. 81n _Harám_, i. 141n Harhaura, W. Panjáb, i. 104n Harlez, Mgr. de, i. 305n _Harmozeia_, i. 114n _Harpagornis_, fossil Ruc, ii. 417n Harran, i. 23n Harshadeva, king of Kashmir, i. 169n Harsuddi, temple of, ii. 349n Haru, or Aru, ii. 303n Hashíshín, _see_ Assassins Hásik, ii. 444n Hassán Kalá, hot springs at, i. 47n Hassan, son of Sabah, founder of the Ismailites, i. 141n Hastings, Warren, letter of, i. 57n Hatan, rebellion of, i. 346n Haunted deserts, i. 197, 201n, 274 Havret, Father H., ii. 155n, 212n _Hawáríy_ (Avarian), the term, ii. 356n Hawks, hawking in Georgia, i. 50, 57n; Yezd and Kerman, 88, 90, 96n; Badakhshan, 158, 162n; Etzina, 223; among the Tartars, 252; on shores and islands of Northern Ocean, 269, 273n; Kúblái’s sport at Chagannor, 296; in mew at Chandu, 299; trained eagles, 397, 399n; Kúblái’s establishment of, 402, 403, 407n, ii. 13; in Tibet, 50; Sumatra, 285; Maabar, 345 Hayton I. (Hethum), king of Lesser Armenia, _11_, i. 25n, 42n, ii. 592n; his autograph, _13_ Hazáras, the, Mongol origin of, i. 102n; lax custom ascribed to, 212n, ii. 56n Hazbana, king of Abyssinia, ii. 436n Heat, great at Hormuz, i. 108, 109, 119n, ii. 452; in India, 343, 375–376 Heaven, City of (Kinsay), ii. 182, 184n, 185, 203 Hedin, Dr. Sven, i. 188n, 190n, 193n, 198n, 203n, 225n, 276n Heibak, caves at, i. 156n Height, effects on fire of great, i. 171, 178n Heikel, Professor Axel, on Buddhist monasteries in the Orkhon, i. 228n Hei-shui (Mongol Etsina) River, i. 225n Hel, Ela (Cardamom), ii. 388n Helena, Empress, i. 82n Helli, _see_ Eli He-lung Kiang, ii. 35n Hemp of Kwei-chau, ii. 127 Henry II., Duke of Silesia, ii. 493n Henry III., i. 27n, 56n Heraclius, Emperor, said to have loosed the shut-up nations, i. 56n Herat, i. 150n, ii. 402n Hereditary trades, ii. 186, 196n Hereford, Map, _132_, i. 134n Hermenia, _see_ Armenia Hermits of Kashmir, i. 166, 169n Herodotus, i. 135n, ii. 104n, 109n Hethum, _see_ Hayton Hiai- or Kiai-chau (Caichu?), ii. 19n Hides, ii. 398. (_See_ Leather.) Hili, Hili-Marawi, _see_ Ely Hill-people of Fo-kien, wild, ii. 225, 228n Hinaur, _see_ Hunáwar Hind, ii. 402n Hindu character, remarks on frequent eulogy of, ii. 367 —— Kush, i. 104n, 164n, 165n, ii. 594n Hindus, their steel and iron, i. 93n —— in Java, ii. 283n Hing-hwa, language of, ii. 244n Hippopotamus’ teeth, ii. 413, 421n Hips, admiration of large, i. 160 Hirth, Dr. F., ii. 27n, 28n, 89n, 194n, 199n Hiuan-Tsung, Emperor, ii. 28n Hiuen Tsang, Dr., a Buddhist monk, i. 164n–165n, 169n, 174n, 189n–193n, 197n, 202n, 221n, 222n, 306n, 446n, ii. 28n, 60n, 594n, 595n Hochau, in Sze-chwan, Mangku Khan’s death at, i. 245n —— in Kansuh, ii. 29n Hochung-fu (Cachanfu), ii. 25n Hodgson, Mr., ii. 116n Hoernle, Dr., i. 190n Hojos, ii. 262n Hokien-fu (Cacanfu), ii. 133n Hokow, or Hokeu, ii. 224n Holcombe, Rev. C., on Hwai-lu, ii. 15n; on Yellow River, 23n; on Pia-chau fu, 25n; on road from T’ung-kwan to Si-ngan fu, 27n Hollingworth, H. G., ii. 144n Holy Sepulchre, ii. 429; oil from lamp of, i. 14, 19, 26 Homeritae, ii. 432n Homi-cheu, or Ngo-ning, ii. 122n, 128n, 129n, 131n _Homme_, its technical use, i. 27n, 342n Hondius map, i. 102n Ho-nhi, or Ngo-ning (Anin) tribe, ii. 120n, 121n. (_See_ Homi-cheu.) Hooker, Sir Joseph, on bamboo explosion, ii. 46n Horiad (Oirad, or Uirad) tribe, i. 300, 308n Hormuz (Hormos, Curmosa), i. 83, 107, 110n, ii. 340, 348n, 370, 402n, 449, 451; trade with India, a sickly place, the people’s diet, i. 107, ii. 450; ships, 108; great heat and fatal wind, 108, 109, 119n, 120n; crops, mourning customs, i. 109; the king of, 110; another road to Kerman from, 110, 122n; route from Kerman to, 110n; site of the old city, _ib._; foundation of, 115n; history of, 120n; merchants, ii. 340; horses exported to India from, 348n; the Melik of, 449, 450, 451 —— Island, or Jerun, i. 110n, 111n, ii. 451n; Organa of Arian, i. 115n, 121n Hormuzdia, i. 111n Horns of _Ovis Poli_, i. 171, 176n Horoscopes, in China, i. 447, ii. 191; in Maabar, 344 Horse-posts and Post-houses, i. 433, 437n Horses, Turkish, i. 43, 44n; Persian, 83, 86n; of Badakhshan, strain of Bucephalus, 158, 162n; sacrificed at Kaans’ tombs, 246; Tartar, 260, 264n; and white mares, 300, 308n; presented to Kaan on New Year’s Day, 390; of Carajan, ii. 64, 78, 81n; their tails docked, 82n; of Anin, 119; tracking by, 174n; decorated with Yaks’ tails, 355; now bred in S. India, 340, 342, 348n, 350n, 438, 450 —— great trade and prices in importing to India from Persia, i. 83, 86n; modes of shipment, 108, 117n; from Carajan, ii. 78; from Anin, 119; from Kis, Hormuz, Dofar, Soer, and Aden, 340, 348n, 370, 395, 438; Esher, 442; Dofar, 444; Calatu, 450, 451n —— duty on, 438; captured by pirates, 395; their extraordinary treatment and diet in India, 340, 345, 348n–349n, 351n, 450 Horse-stealing, Tartar laws _v._, i. 266 Hosie, A., ii. 131n; on Ch’êng-tu, 40n; brine-wells of Pai-yen-ching, 58n; on the Si-fan, 60n, 61n; on Caindu Lake, 72n Hospitals, Buddhist, i. 446n Hostelries, at Cambaluc, i. 412; on the Cathay post-roads, 434, ii. 32n; at Kinsay, 193 Hot springs in Armenia, i. 45, 46n; near Hormuz, 110, 122n Hounds, Masters of Kaan’s, i. 400–401n Hours, struck from Cambaluc bell-tower, i. 373, 414; at Kinsay, ii. 188; unlucky, 364, 368n; canonical, 368n, 369n Hsi Hsia dynasty, i. 205n _Hsiang-Chên_, _Hsiang_, wood, ii. 301n Hu-chau fu (Vuju), ii. 184n Hui-hui, white and black capped, two Mohammedan sects, ii. 30n, Hukaji (Hogáchi, Cogachin), Kúblái’s son, i. 361n, ii. 76, 80n Hukwan-hien, ii. 230n Hulákú Khan (Alau, Alacon), Kúblái’s brother, and founder of Mongol dynasty in Persia, _10_, i. 5, 10, 61n, 64n, 334n; war with Barka Khan, 8n, 103n; takes Baghdad and puts Khalif to death, 63, 66n, 85n, 86n; the Ismailites and the Old Man, 145, 245, 247n —— his treachery, ii. 181n; his descendants, 477; battle with Barca, 494; his followers, 495 Hullukluk, village, near Sivas, i. 45n Human fat, used for combustion in war, ii. 180n —— sacrifices, i. 208n Humáyún, Emperor, i. 155n, 277n Humboldt, _106_, _107_, _110_, _120_, i. 178n Hunáwar (Onore, Hinaur), ii. 390n, 440n Hundred Eyes, prophecy of the, ii. 145, 146, 149n _Hundwáníy_ (ondanique), Indian steel, i. 93n Hungary, Hungarians, ii. 286n, 492n Hung Hao, Chinese author, i. 212n Hun-ho (Sanghin River), ii. 5n, 6n Hunting equipment and Expedition, Kúblái’s, i. 397, 398n, 404; Kang-hi’s, 407n —— preserves, ii. 13. (_See_ also Sport.) Hutton, Captain, i. 100n Hwa-chau, ii. 29n Hwai-lu, or Hwo-lu-h’ien (Khavailu), the Birmingham of N. Shansi, ii. 15n Hwai-ngan-fu (Coiganju), ii. 152n Hwai River, ii. 143n, 152n Hwang-ho (Yellow River), i. 245n, 282n, 286n, ii. 23n, 25n, 27n; changes in its courses, 137n, 142n, 143n; its embankments, 143n Hwan-ho, ii. 6n Hyena, i. 378n Hyrcania, king of, i. 57n Iabadiu, ii. 286n Ibn-al-Furāt, i. 67n Ibn Batuta (Moorish traveller, _circa_ A.D. 1330–1350), i. 4n–9n, 37n, 44n, 46n, 65n, 75n, 76n, 85n, 101n, 110n, 111n, 116n, 120n, 148n, 150n, 151n, 161n, 165n, 202n, 247n, 294n, 346n, 396n–410n, ii. 116n, 163n, 214n, 282n, 286n, 312n, 322n, 337n, 346n, 380n, 391n, 413n, 440n, 444n, 445n, 465n; his account of Chinese juggling, i. 316n; his account of Khansa (Kinsay), 214n; of Zayton, 238n; in Sumatra, 289n, 294n; on Camphor, 303n; in Ceylon, 315n, 322n, 337n; at Kaulam, 377n, 380n; in Malabar, 391n; sees Rukh, 419n; his account of Maldives, 425n; dog-sledges, ii. 481n, 483n; Market in Land of Darkness, 486n; on Silver Mines of Russia, 488n Ibn Fozlán, _see_ Fozlán Ichin-hien, ii. 154n, 168n, 173n Ichthyophagous cattle and people, ii. 442, 443, 444n Icon Amlac, king of Abyssinia, ii. 434n–436n Iconium (Kuniyah, Conia), i. 43, 44n Idolatry (Buddhism) and Idolaters, in Kashmir, i. 166, 168n; their decalogue, 167, 170n; Pashai, 172; Tangut, 203, 207n; Kamul, 210; Kanchau, 219, 221n; Chingintalas, 212; Suhchau, 217; Etzina, their fasting days, 220, 222n, 223; Tartars and Cathayans, 263, 343, 445, 456; Erguiul, 274; Egrigaia, 281; Tenduc, 284, 285; Chandu, 300–303; at Kúblái’s birthday feast, 387; Cachanfu, ii. 23; Kenjanfu, 24; Acbalec Manzi, 33; Sindafu, 37; Tibet, 45, 49; Caindu, 53; Yachi, 66; Carajan, 76; Zardandan, 84; Mien, 109; Caugigu, 116; Coloman, 122; Cuiju, 124; Cacanfu, 132; Chinangli, 135; Sinjumatu, 138; Coiganju, 151; Paukin, 152; Tiju, 153; Nanghin, 157; Chinghianfu, 176; Tanpiju, 218; Chipangu, 253; Chamba, 266; Sumatra, 284, 292, 299; Nicobars, 306; Mutfili, 360; Coilum, 375; Eli, 385; Malabar, 389; Tana, 395; Cambaet, 397; Semenat, 398; Far North, 479 —— Origin of, ii. 318, 319; of Brahmans, 364; of Jogis, 365 Idols, Tartar, i. 257, 258n, 456, ii. 479; Tangut, 203–207n; colossal, 219, 221n; of Cathay, 263; of Bacsi or Lamas, 302; of Sensin, 303, 323n–326n; of East generally, 263, 265n; in India, 340, 345 Ιερόδουλοι, ii. 351n Ieu, Gnostics of, ii. 321n Ifat, Aufat, ii. 435n Ig, Ij, or Irej, capital of the Shawánkárs, i. 86 Igba Zion, Iakba Siun, king of Abyssinia, ii. 435n _Ilchi_, commissioner, i. 30n Ilchi, modern capital of Khotan, i. 189n, 190n Ilchigadai Khan, i. 186n Ilija, hot springs at, i. 47n Ilkhan, the title, _10_ Ilyáts, nomads of Persia, i. 85 Imáms of the Ismailites, i. 146n Im Thurn, Everard, on _Couvade_, ii. 94n Incense, Sumatran, ii. 286; brown in West India, 395, 396n; white (_i.e._ frankincense), in Arabia, 396n, 442, 443n, 445, 446n–449n India, _12_, i. 1, 107, 109, 167, 414, ii. 76, 78, 107, 115, 119, 236, 249; horse trade to, i. 83, 86n; trade to Manzi or China from, ii. 190, 216, 390, 395; believed to breed no horses, 340, 342, 438, 450; trade with Persia and Arabia, 370; western limits of, 401, 402n; islands of, 423, 425n; division of, 424; sundry lists of States, 426n–427n; trade with Aden and Egypt, 438; with Arabian ports, 442, 444, 450; confusion of Ethiopia and, 432n India, the Greater, ii. 331 _seqq._, 401, 424 —— its extent, ii. 425n, 426n —— the Lesser, ii. 424, 425n–426n —— Middle (Abyssinia), ii. 423, 427 —— remarks on this title, ii. 431n —— Maxima, ii. 426n —— Tertia, ii. 425n —— Superior, ii. 426n —— Sea of, i. 35, 63, 108, 166, ii. 265, 424 Indian drugs to prolong life, ii. 370n —— geography, dislocation of Polo’s, ii. 377n, 390n, 396n, 403n, 426n —— nuts, _see_ Cocoa-nuts —— steel (ondanique), i. 93n Indies, the Three, and their distribution, ii. 424, 426n Indifference, religious, of Mongol Emperors, i. 14n, 349n Indigo, mode of manufacture at Coilum, ii. 375, 381n, 382n; in Guzerat, 393; Cambay, 398; prohibited by London Painters’ Guild, 382n Indo-China, ii. 426n Indragiri River, ii. 283n Infants, exposure of, ii. 147, 151n Ingushes of Caucasus, i. 268n Innocent IV., Pope, i. 62n Inscription, Jewish, at Kaifungfu, i. 346n Insult, mode of, in South India, ii. 371 Intramural interment prohibited, i. 414 Invulnerability, devices for, ii. 259, 263n ’Irák, i. 74, 84n, 86n, 145n Irghai, i. 281n Irish, accused of eating their dead kin, ii. 298n —— M.S. version of Polo’s Book, _102–103_ Iron, in Kerman, i. 90, 92n, 93n, 94n; in Cobinan, 125 Iron Gate (Derbend Pass), said to have been built by Alexander, i. 53n, 54n; gate ascribed to, 57n, ii. 494 Irtish River, ii. 493n Isaac, king of Abyssinia, ii. 432n, 433n Isabel, queen of Little Armenia, i. 42n Isabeni, ii. 432n Isentemur (Sentemur, Essentemur), Kúblái’s grandson, ii. 64, 80n Ish, the prefix, i. 156n ’Ishin, i. 119n Ish-Káshm, i. 156n, 172n; dialect, 160n, 173n Iskandar, Shah of Malacca, ii. 282n Islands, of the Indian Sea, ii. 249, 424, 426n; of China, 251, 264; in the Gulf of Cheinan, 266n; Male and Female, 404 _seqq._ Isle d’Orléans, ii. 277n Isle of Rubies (Ceylon), ii. 314n Ismaïl, Shah of Persia, i. 61n Ismailites, _see_ Assassins Ispahan (Istanit, Istan, Spaan), kingdom of Persia, i. 83n, 85n Israel in China, _see_ Jews Iteration, wearisome, ii. 133n I-tsing, ii. 283n Ivongo, ii. 414n Ivory trade, ii. 423, 424n ’Izzuddín Muzaffar, suggests paper-money in Persia, i. 428n, 429n Jacinth, ii. 362n Jacobite Christians, at Mosul, i. 46, 60, 61n, ii. 409n, 432n–433n; at Tauris, i. 75, 77n; Yarkand, 187; perhaps in China, 291n Jacobs, Joseph, Barlaam and Josaphat, ii. 327n _Jadah_, or _Yadah-Tásh_, i. 309n Jade stone (jasper) of Khotan, i. 191, 193n, 194 Jaeschke, Rev. H. A., i. 209n, 243n, 314n, 324n Jaffa, Count of, his galley, _40_, _49_ Jaipál, Raja, ii. 346n Jájnagar, ii. 427n Jaláluddín of Khwarizm, i. 91n, 236n Jamáluddín-al-Thaibi, Lord of Kais, i. 65n, ii. 333n, 348n Jamáluddin, envoy from Ma’bar to Khanbaligh, ii. 337n Jambi River, ii. 283n James of Aragon, king, i. 273n, ii. 163n Jámisfulah (Gauenispola), ii. 307n Jamúi Khátún, Kúblái’s favourite Queen, her kindness to the captured Chinese princesses, i. 38n, 358n, ii. 151n Jangama sect, ii. 370n Janibeg, Khan of Sarai, i. 6n, 264n, 352n Japan, _see_ Chipangu Japanese paper-money, i. 428n Jaroslawl, ii. 489n _Jase_, stitched vessel, i. 117n Jaspar (Gaspar), one of the Magi, i. 78, 82n Jasper and chalcedony, i. 191, 193n Jatolic, Játhalík, Jaselic, Gáthalík (καθολικός), i. 60, 61n Jauchau, ii. 243n Jaúzgún, former captain of Badakhshan, i. 156n Java, the Great, _13_; described, ii. 272; circuit, empires in, 275n; Kúblái’s expedition against, _ib._ Java, the Greater and Lesser, meaning of these terms, ii. 286n Java, the Less, _see_ Sumatra Jawa, Jáwi, applied by Arabs to islands and products of the Archipelago generally, ii. 286n Jaya-Sinhavarman II., king of Champa, ii. 271n Jazirah, i. 61n Jehangir (Jehan, Shah), i. 168n Jenkinson, Anthony, i. 9n, 218n Jerún (Zarun), island, site of the later Hormuz, i. 110n, 111n, 115n, 121n Jerusalem, _130_, i. 19 Jesuit maps, i. 408n Jesujabus, Nestorian Patriarch, ii. 377n, 409n Jews, their test of Mahommed’s prophetic character, i. 56n; shut up by Alexander, _ib._; their connection with the Tartars, 57n; in China, their inscription at Kaifungfu, 343, 346n, 347n; in Coilum, ii. 375; in Abyssinia, 427, 431n, 434n Jibal, i. 81n —— Naḳús, or “Hill of the Bell,” Sinai desert, i. 202n Jibal-ul-Thabúl, “Hill of Drums,” near Mecca, i. 202n Jíruft, i. 92n, 106n, 111n, 112n Jogis (Chughi), ii. 365, 369n John XXII., Pope, i. 4n, 5n, 186n Johnson, his visit to Khotan, i. 189n, 190n, 192n, 195n, 198n Johnston, Keith, i. 81n, ii. 67n Johore, Sultan of, ii. 281n, 282n Jon (Jihon, or Oxus) River, ii. 458, 466 Jordanus, Friar, i. 37n Jor-fattan (Baliapatan), ii. 386n Josephus, i. 49n, 57n, 66n Jubb River, ii. 424n Judi, Mount, i. 62n Jugglers, at Khan’s feasts, i. 383, 386n, 392; and gleemen conquer Mien, ii. 110, 114n Juggling extraordinary, i. 316n, 318 _et seq._ Juji, eldest son of Chinghiz, _10_, i. 5n, 239n Juju (Cho-chau), ii. 10, 11n, 127, 131n Julman, ii. 485n Junghuhu, on Batta cannibalism, ii. 288n; on camphor trees, 303n Junks, ii. 252n, 333n. (_See_ also Ships.) Jupár, i. 113n Justice, administration of Tartar, i. 266 Justinian, Emperor, i. 49n Juzgána (Dogana), i. 152n Kaan, and Khan, the titles, _10_ Kaan, the Great, _see_ Kúblái Kaans, the series of, and their burial place, i. 245, 247n–250n; massacre of all met by funeral party, 246, 250n Kabul, i. 104n, 165n, ii. 402n _Kachkár_ (_Ovis Vignei_), wild sheep, i. 158, 163n Kadapah, ii. 362n Kafchi-kúe, ii. 128n Káfirs of Hindu Kush, i. 165n; their wine, 87n, 155n _Kahgyur_, Tibetan Scripture, ii. 347n Kahn-i-Panchur, i. 106n Kaidu (Caidu) Khan, Kúblái’s cousin and life-long opponent, _11_, i. 183, 186n, 187, 214n, ii. 148n; plots with Nayan, i. 333, 334n, 348; his differences with Kúblái, ii. 457; and constant aggressions, 457–458; his death, 459n; his victorious expedition _v._ Kúblái, 459; Kúblái’s resentment, 463; his daughter’s valour, 463 _seqq._, 465n; sends a host _v._ Abaga, 467 Kaifung-fu, Jews and their synagogues there, i. 346n, 347n; siege of, ii. 158n Kaikhatu (Kiacatu), Khan of Persia, seizes throne, i. 35, 38n; his paper-money scheme, 428n; his death, 428, ii. 475; his dissolute character, i. 91n, ii. 475 Kaïkhosru I. and III., Seljukian dynasty, i. 44n Kaïkobad I. and III., i. 44n Kaikus, Izz ed-din, i. 44n Káil, _see_ Cail Kaïn (Gháín), a city of Persia, i. 86n, 124n, 141n Kaipingfu (Keibung, Kaiminfu, Kemenfu), i. 25, 227n, 304n, 306n Kairat-ul-Arab, i. 112n Kais, _see_ Kish Kaisaríya (Caesaræa, Casaria), i. 43, 44n, 49n Kajjala, or Khajlak, a Mongol leader, i. 104n Kakateya, dynasty, ii. 362n Kakhyens, Kachyens, tribe in Western Yun-nan, ii. 74n, 82n, 90n, 120n Ḳakula, ii. 279n Kala’ Atishparastán (Cala Ataperistan), “The Castle of the Fire-Worshippers”), i. 78, 82n Kala’ Safed, i. 85n Kalaján (Calachan), i. 281, 282n Kalámúr, ii. 427n Kalantan, ii. 279n Ḳalchi, Ḳalaḳchi, i. 380n Kales Devar, king of Ma’bar, ii. 333n, 335n; his enormous wealth, 333n Kalgan, or Chang-kia-keu, i. 295n Kalhát (Kalhátú, Calatu, Calaiate), i. 120n, ii. 348n; described, 449–450, 451n; idiom of, 451n Kalidása, the poet, on the Yak, i. 278n Kalikut, ii. 386n, 391n, 440n _Ḳálín_, marriage prices, i. 256n, 392n Kalinga, ii. 329n, 330n Kalinjar, ii. 426n _Kalmia angustifolia_, poisonous, i. 219n Kamál Malik, i. 68n Ḳamárah, Ḳomar, ii. 279n Kamasal (Conosalmi), Kahn-i-asal, “The honey canal,” i. 99, 106n Kambala, Kúblái’s grandson, i. 361n Kambáyat (Cambay), ii. 398n Kamboja (Chinla), ii. 134n, 278n, 374n Kampar, district and River, Buddhist ruins, ii. 283n Kamul (Komal, Camul), the Mongol Khamil, Chinese Hami, i. 209, 211n, 214n _Kanát_, or _Kárez_, underground stream, i. 123, 124n Kanát-ul-Shám (Conosalmi), i. 106n Kanauj, ii. 427n Kanbalu Island, ii. 414n Kanchau (Campichu), i. 219, 220n Kandahár, Kandar, Gandhára, ii. 72n, 73n, 329n, 402n Kandy, ii. 328n Kanerkes, or Kanishka, king, i. 168n; coins of, 173n Kang-hi, Emperor, i. 251n, 407n, ii. 8n, 182n Kank, i. 194n, 195n Kanp’u (Ganpu), old Port of Hang-chau, ii. 198n, 199n Kansan, _see_ Shen-si Kansuh, i. 206n, 220n Kao Hoshang, i. 422n Kao-Tsung, Emperor, ii. 28n Kao-yu (Cayu), ii. 153n Kapilavastu, ii. 322n Kapukada, Capucate, ii. 380n _Ḳarábughá_, _Carabya_, _Calabra_, a military engine, ii. 168n Kará Hulun, ii. 485n Karájáng (Carajan, or Yun-nan), ii. 64, 67n, 72n, 73n, 80n Karákásh (“black jade”) River, i. 193n Karákhitaian Empire, i. 231n —— Princes of Kerman, i. 91n Kará Khoja, i. 214n Karakorum (Caracoron), i. 66n, 226, 227n, 269, ii. 460 _Kara Kumiz_, special kind of _Kumiz_, i. 259n Karámúren (Caramoran) River, Mongol name for the Hwang-ho, or Yellow River, i. 245n, 282n, 286n, ii. 22, 23n _Karana_, meaning of, i. 101n Karáni (vulgo Cranny), i. 101n Karanút, a Mongol sept, i, 101n Ḳaraún Jidun, or Khidun, i. 101n Karaunahs (Caraonas), a robber tribe, i. 98, 101n, 121n _Karavat_, an instrument for self-decollation, ii. 349n Karens, ii. 74n Karmathian, heretics, i. 187n Karnúl, ii. 362n Karráh, ii. 427n Karra-Mánikpúr, i. 86n Kartazōnon, Karkaddan, rhinoceros, ii. 291n Kaṣaidi Arabs, ii. 443n _Kash_, jade, i. 193n Kashan, i. 81n Káshgar (Cascar), i. 180, 182n; Chankans of, 193n, ii. 594n _Kashísh_ (_Casses_), i. 70n, ii. 409n Kashmír (Keshimur), i. 104n, 164n, 166; Buddhism, 166, 168n; beauty of the women, 166, 169n; conjurers, 166, 168n; the language of, 168n; sorcery in, ii. 593 Kashmiris, i. 76n, 166 Kasia, people and hills, ii. 59n Kasyapa Buddha, ii. 356n Kataghan, breed of horses, i. 162n Ḳaṭar pirates, ii. 409n Kátif, ii. 348n Kattiawár, ii. 395n; pirates, 400n Kaulam, _see_ Coilum Kaulam-Malé, ii. 377n Kauli (Cauly), Corea, i. 343, 345n Kaunchi (Conchi), Khan, ii. 479, 481n Káveripattanam, ii. 335n Káveri River, delta of, ii. 335n _Kavir_, saline swamp, i. 124n Kavváyi, ii. 388n Káyal, Káil, _see_ Cail —— Pattanam, ii. 372n —— Punnei-, ii. 372n Kayten, ii. 234n Kazan, i. 6n, 7n Kazáwinah, i. 101n Kazbek, i. 54n Kazvín (Casvin), i. 83, 84n, 101n, 141n Keary, C. F., i. 429n _Kebteul_, night-watch, i. 381n Kehran, ii. 426n Keiaz tribe, i. 179n Keibung (Kaipingfu), i. 25, 227n, 304n, 306n Kelinfu (Kienning-fu), City, its bridges, ii. 225, 228n, 229n, 234n Kemenfu, _see_ Kaipingfu Kenjanfu (Si-ngan fu), ii. 24, 25n, 27n–29n Keraits, a great Tartar tribe, i. 236n, 237n, 271n, 287n, 288n Kerala, ii. 390n Keria, _see_ Kiria Keriza River, ii. 595n Kermán, i. 89n, 90, 109, 110, ii. 452; route to Hormus from, i. 91, 107, 110; steel manufacture, its industries, 96n; king of, Atabeg of, 107, 110; stitched vessels of, 117n; desert of, 123, 124n Kerulen (K’i-lien) valley, the Khans’ burial-ground, i. 248n Keshican (Keshikten), Kúblái’s life-guard, i. 379, 380n, 381n, 394n Kesmacoran (Kij-Makrán), i. 86n, ii. 401, 402n; Kij-Makrán, 402n Keuyung Kwan, village, i. 28n Khakán, the word, _10_ Khalif (Calif) Mosta’Sim Billah of Baghdad, i. 63; taken by Hulákú and starved to death, 64; plot _v._ the Christians laid by a former—the miracle of the mountain, 69–73; becomes secretly a Christian, 73 _Khálij_, ii. 439n _Khàm_, stuff made with cotton thread, i. 190n Khambavati (Cambay), ii. 398n Khanabad (Dogana?), i. 156n Khán Bádshah of Khotan, i. 189n Khánbalík, _see_ Cambaluc Khanfu, ii. 199n Khanikoff, N. de (travels in Persia), i. 49n, 53n, 58n, 74n, 89n, 91n, 92n, 96n, 101n, 106n, 114n, 121n, 124n, 141n, 150n, 193n _Khanjár-i-Hundwán_, hanger of Indian steel, i. 93n _Khán-khánán_, a title, _10_ Khanoolla (Mount Royal), site of Chinghiz’s tomb, i. 247n Khansâ, ii. 199n, 214n Kharesem, Mount, i. 155n Khato-tribe, ii. 120n Khátún-gol, or “Lady’s River,” _i.e._ Hwang-ho, i. 245n, 249n _Khatun_, title of Khan’s wives, _10_ Khavailu (Hwo-lu h’ien), ii. 15n Khazars, the, i. 7n, ii. 492n Khilak, i. 54n Khimka, ii. 238n Khinsa, Khingsai, Khinzai, ii. 144n, 175n, 214n. (_See_ Kinsay.) Khitan, Khitai, _11_ —— character, i. 28n —— dynasty of Liao, i. 232n, 288n, ii. 20n Khmer, ii. 279n Khodabanda, Ilkhan of Kermán, i. 91n, 103n Khojas, name of modern Ismailite sect, i. 146n, 163n Khorasan, province, i. 38n, 128n, 131n, 135n, 150n, ii. 467n, 474n; turquoises of, i. 92n Khormuzda, supreme deity of the Tartars, i. 257n Khotan (Cotan), i. 188, 195n, 197n, ii. 594n, 595n; fruits, i. 190n; routes between China and, 191n; buried cities of, 192n; its jade, 193n Khumbavati (Cambay), ii. 398n Khumdán, ii. 27n Khusrú, Amír, Indian poet, i. 48n, 96n, 104n Khutuktai Setzen, Prince of the Ordos, i. 257n Khwarizm, i. 9n Kiacatu, _see_ Kaikhátu Kiahing (Ciangan, Canigan), ii. 185n Kiai- or Hiai-chau (Caichu), ii. 19n Kiakhta, i. 56n, 218n Kia-k’ing, Emperor, ii. 143n Kiang, the Great (Kian and Kian-Suy, and in its highest course Brius, the Kinsha Kiang), ii. 36, 56, 59n, 60n, 64, 67n, 69n, 70n, 72n, 129n–131n, 149n, 154n; its vastness, and numerous craft, 170, 171, 173n; steamers on, 173n, 174n; its former debouchure to the south, and changes, i. 199n Kiang-Ché, ii. 157n, 217n, 224n; limits of, 218n Kiang-Hung, Xieng-Hung, ii. 117n, 127n–129n, 131n Kiangka, ii. 48n Kiang-mai, Xieng-mai, Zimmé, ii. 117n, 128n, 279n Kiangshan, ii. 224n Kiangsi, ii. 228n Kiang-su, ii. 135n Kiang-suy (-shui) River, ii. 36, 40n Kiangtheu, ii. 105n, 111n, 113n Kiang-Tung, ii. 117n, 279n Kiao-chi (Tungking), Chinese etymology of, ii. 119n, 128n Kia Tsing, Emperor, a great bridge builder, ii. 6n Ki-chau Castle, ii. 26n Kieh-Ch’a, ii. 283n K’ien-ch’ang, Kiung-tu (Caindu), ii. 70n–72n Kien-chau, ii. 232n Kien-kwé, ii. 232n Kien-lung, Emperor, ii. 8n, 196n Kien-ning fu (Kelinfu), ii. 228n Kiepert, _Map of Asia_, i. 197n Kij-Makrán (Kesmacoran), i. 86n Kila’-i-Gabr, “Gueber Castle,” i. 81n, 82n Kilimanchi River, ii. 424n Kiming shan Mountains, gold and silver mines, i. 295n _Kimiz_, _kumiz_ (_kemiz_), mare’s milk, —Tartar beverage, i. 257, 259n Kin, or Golden Dynasty in N. China, _12_, i. 28n, 231n, 288n, ii. 8n, 19n, 168n, 190n; their paper-money, i. 426n, 430n; story of their Golden King, ii. 17–22 Kincha, Chinese name for Kipchak, ii. 179n Kin-Chi, or Gold-Teeth (Zardandan), 84–90n King of the Abraiaman, ii. 364 —— of England, Kúblái’s message to, i. 34; intercourse with Mongol princes, 36n, ii. 177n —— of France, Kúblái’s message to, i. 34 —— of Spain, Kúblái’s message to, i. 34, ii. 477n —— Rev. C. W., i. 370n Kings of Maabar, the five brothers, ii. 331, 333n, 334n, 337n, 338–339, 370, 371; their mother’s efforts to check their broils, 371 —— subordinate, or Viceroys, in China, i. 360, 361n, ii. 24, 64, 76, 79n, 190, 199n —— Tartar, of the Ponent, ii. 490, 492n Kingsmill, T. W., ii. 154n, 184n, 194n, 220n King-tê-chên, porcelain manufacture, ii. 243n K’ing-yüan (Ning-po), ii. 238n Kin-hwa fu, ii. 222n Kinki, Kimkhá, ii. 238n Kinsay (King-szé, or “Capital,” Khansá, Khinsá, Khingsai, Khanzai, Cansay, Campsay), formerly Lin-ngan now Hang-chau fu, _11_, ii. 146, 149n, 193n; its surrender to Bayan, 146, 149n; extreme public security, 147; alleged meaning of the name, 182, 184n, 185; described, 185–208; bridges, 185, 187, 194n; hereditary trades, guilds and wealthy craftsmen and their dainty wives, 186, 196n; the lake, islands and garden-houses, 186, 187, 196n; stone-towers—inhabitants’ clothing and food, 187, 197n–198n; guards and police regulations, 187–188; fires, 188; alarm towers, paved streets, 189; revenue, 189, 190, 215, 216, 217n, 218n; pavements, public baths, port of Ganfu, 189, 198n, 199n; the province and other provinces of Manzi, garrisons, 190, 200n; horoscopes, funeral rites, 191, 200n; palace of the expelled king, 192; church, house registers, 192, 200n; hostel regulations, 193; canals, 200; markets and squares, 201, 209n; fruits and fish shops, 202, 210n; women of the town, physicians and astrologers, courts of justice, 203; vast consumption of pepper, 204, 210n; inhabitants’ character—their behaviour to women and foreigners, 204, 210n, 211n; hatred of soldiers, 205; pleasures on the lake and in carriage excursions, 205, 211n; palace of the king, 206; the king’s effeminacy and ruin, 207–208, 211n; tides, 208n; plan of, 209n; notices by various writers of, 213n; wealth of, 245n; ships, 255, 260n Kin-sha Kiang, “River of Golden Sands” (upper branch of Great Kiang, Brius), ii. 36, 56, 64, 67n, 69n, 70n, 72n Kinshan, _see_ Golden Island Kinto, or Hintu, Mongol general, ii. 260n Kipchak (Ponent), Southern Russia, events related by Polo in, _23_, i. 5, 6n, ii. 490 _seqq._; sovereigns, 492n; people of, 493n; extent of empire, _ib._ Kirghiz Kazak, i. 313n Kirghiz, the, i. 162n, 176n, 309n, ii. 362n Kiria, i. 192n, 195n, ii. 595n Kirk, Sir John, and Raphia palm, ii. 597n Kis, Kish, or Kais (Kisi), now Ghes, or Kem, island in Persian Gulf, i. 63, 64n, 83, 452; merchants, ii. 340; described, 453n Kishik, Kishikan, Kizik, Keshikchi, _see_ Keshican Kishm (Casem), i. 153, 155n, 156n, 173n —— or Brakht (Oaracta), island in the Persian Gulf, i. 115n, 121n Kistna River, ii. 362n Kitubuka, General, i. 85n Kiu-chau, ii. 222n Kiulan (Quilon), _see_ Coilum Kizil Irmak, the, i. 45n Kizil River, i. 54n Kneeling oxen, i. 97, 99n Kobad, the Sassanian, i. 53n Kobdo, i. 215n Koh-Banán (Cobinan), i. 125 Koja (Coja), a Tartar envoy from Persia, i. 32, 33n, 38n Kokcha River, i. 154n–156n, 162n _Kok-Tash_, greenstone of Samarkand, i. 187n Kolastri, or Kolatiri Rajas, ii. 387n Ko-li-ki-sze, i. 289n Kolkhoi of Ptolemy, identified, ii. 373n Kollam, _see_ Coilum Koloman, _see_ Coloman Kolyma, bird-hunting at, i. 272n Κώμακον, ii. 391n Ḳomár, ii. 279n, 383n Κομάρια ἄκρον, ii. 382n Konár tree, Marco Polo’s apples of Paradise, i. 99n Kondachi, 337n Konkan, Konkan-Tana, ii. 367n, 390n, 396n _Korano_, epithet on Indo-Scythic coins, i. 101n _Korea_, _History of_, ii. 262n Koresh king, i. 82n _Kornish_, or K’o-tow (Khén-théu), i. 391, 393n Kosakio, a general against Japan, ii. 260n Kosseir, ii. 439n Kotcheres, Kurds of Mosul, i. 62n Kotlogh, or Kutlugh, Sultan of Kerman, i. 91n Kotlogh Shah, the Chaghataian prince, i. 104n, 121n Kotrobah Island, ii. 409n Kouyunjik, sculptures at, i. 100n Kozlov, Lieutenant K. P., on the Lob-nor, i. 199n Kuang-chou, ii. 239n Kúbenán (Cobinan), a Kuh-banán “Hill of the Terebinths or Wild Pistachios,” i. 123, 124n Kúblái (Cublay), Káán, the Great Khán, i. 8n, 10, 11, 12, 15; his envoys meet the two elder Polos, 10; receives and questions the Polos, 11, 12; sends them as envoys to the Pope, 13; his desire for Christian teachers, and for oil from the lamp in the Holy Sepulchre, 13, 14; gives them a Golden Tablet, 15; his reception of the three Polos, 26; sends Marco on an embassy, 27; Marco grows in favour, 30; allows the Polos to depart with Tablets of Authority, 33–35; rumour of his death, 38n; sends a napkin of asbestos to the Pope, 213; his greatness and power, 246, 247n, 331; his milk libations, 300; his inscription at Shangtu, 304n; Chinghiz’s prophecy, 331n; his lineage, age, and accession, 332; Nayan’s revolt, 333; Nayan’s defeat and death, 336–343; rebukes anti-Christian gibes, 344; returns to Cambaluc, 348; treats four religions with equal respect, 348n; his views on Christianity, 349n; how he rewards his captains, 350; his personal appearance, 356; his wives and ladies-in-waiting, 356–358; his palace at Cambaluc, 362; builds Cambaluc city, 374; his bodyguard, 379; order of his feasts, 381; celebration of his birthday, 387; his distribution of robes, 387, 394; his New Year’s feast, 390; his elephants, 391; the _K’o-tow_, 391, 393n; adopts Chinese ancestor-worship, 392n; his game laws, 396; his hunting establishment, 397; his masters of hounds, 400; how he goes a-hunting, 402; how his year is spent, 410; Ahmad’s influence, oppression, and death, 416–420; his treatment of Mahomedans, 422n; his mint and paper-money, 423; his purchase of valuables, 425; his twelve great Barons, 430; his posts and runners, 433; remission of taxes, 439, 443; his justice, 440n; a tree planter, 440; his store of corn, 443; charity to the poor, 445; his astrologers, 446; gaol deliveries, and prohibition of gambling, 457; his early campaign in Yun-nan, ii. 46n, 79, 80n; and the king of Mien and Bangala, 98, 110, 114n; Litan’s plot, 136; sends Bayan to invade Manzi, 145; his dealings with Bayan, 148n, 149n; satisfied with the Polo’s mangonels, 159; appoints Mar Sarghis governor of Chinghian-fu, 177; the city of Kinsay, 186–190; his revenue from Kinsay, 215; from Zayton, 235; his expedition against Chipangu (Japan), 255; sends force against Chamba, 267, 270n; attempts to gain Java, 272, 275n; his death, 275n; sends to buy Ceylon ruby, 313, 315n; sends for religions of Sakya, 319; testifies to miraculous powers of Sakya’s dish, 320; intercourse with Ma’bar, 337n; with Kaulam, 378n; missions to Madagascar, 412–413; Kaidu’s wars with him, 457 _seqq._ —— Khan, territories and people subject to (Turkistan), i. 180, 188, 191, 196; (Tangut and Mongolia), 203, 212, 217, 269, 274, 281, 284, 285; (Tibetan frontier and Yun-nan), ii. 50, 53, 64, 109, 116, 119, 122; (Western China), 124, 127; (N. Eastern China), 132, 135, 138, 140, 141; (Manzi), 151–153; (Sinju), 170; (Caiju), 174; Chinghian-fu, 176; (Chinginju), 178; (Suju), 181; (Tanpigu), 218; (Chonka), 231; (Zayton), 234; (Chamba), 267; (Sumatra), 272, 285, 292, 299 Kuché character, i. 211n _Kudatku Bilik_, an Uíghúr poem, i. 28n Kuhistan, or Hill country of Persia, i. 86n Kúkachin, _see_ Cocachin Kukin-Tána, ii. 396n Kukju (Genkju), Kúblái’s son, i. 361n Kuku-Khotan (Blue Town), depôt for Mongolian trade with China, i. 278n, 286n, 287n Ku-kwan, Customs’ Barrier, ii. 14n Kuláb, lions in, i. 152n; Salt Mines, 154n Kulan, _Asinus Onager_, the Gor Khar of Persia, i. 89n Kulasaikera, ii. 335n Kumár, _see_ Ḳomár Kumhări, Kumari, _see_ Comari Kumiz, kimiz (kemiz), Mare’s milk, Tartar beverage, i. 257, 259n, 300; sprinkling of, 308n, 309n, 385n, 411 Kummájar, ii. 491n Kúnbúm Monastery, i. 319n Kunduz, i. 152n, 154n _Kunduz_ (beaver or sable), i. 410n Kunduz-Baghlán, i. 86n Kung-ki-cheng (Fei-ch’eng), ii. 6n, 8n Kunguráts, Kunkuráts (Ungrat), a Mongol tribe, i. 38n, 101n, 359n, 360 _Kunichi_ (Cunichi, or Chinuchi), “The Keepers of the Mastiff Dogs,” i. 400 Kuniyah (Conia), Iconium, Koniah, i. 43, 44n 356n Kunlun (Pulo Condore), ii. 277n Kurd dynasty, i. 85n Kurdistan (Curdistan), i. 9n, 62n, 83, 84n Kurds, the, i. 60, 62n, 85n Kúreh-i-Ardeshír (Kuwáshír), i. 91n Kuria Maria Islands, ii. 405n Kuridai, Kúblái’s son, i. 361n _Kúrkah_, great drum, i. 340n, 341n Kurmishi, ii. 474n Kurshids of Lúristán, i. 85n _Kurut_ (Curd), i. 262, 265n Kus, Cos (in Egypt), ii. 439n Kushluk, the Naiman, ii. 20n Kutan, son of Okkodai, ii. 32n Kutchluk Khan (Buddhist), Chief of the Naïmans, i. 188n Kutuktemur, Kúblái’s son, i. 361n Kutulun, Princess, ii. 465n Kuwinji, _see_ Kaunchi Kuyuk Khan, i. 14n, 245, 247n Kwa-chau (Caiju), at mouth of Great Canabon Yang-tse-Kiang, ii. 144n, 175n Kwan Hsien, ii. 41n Kwansinfu, ii. 221n, 224n Kwawa, _i.e._ Java, etymology, ii. 119n Kwei-chau (Cuiju), ii. 82n, 124n, 127n, 129n Kwei-hwa-ch’eng, or Kuku Khotan, i. 278n, 286n, 287n Kweilei River, i. 345n Kyŭng-sang province, ii. 262n Lac (Wallachia), Lacz, i. 54n, ii. 487, 489n, 490, 491n Ladies’ dresses in Badakhshan, i. 160, 163n Ladies of Kinsay, ii. 186 Lagong, ii. 279n Lahore (Dalivar, Dilivar), i. 99, 104n, 105n, ii. 426n, 427n Lahsá, ii. 348n Lájwurd mines, i. 162n Lake, Caindu, ii. 53, 72n —— Fanchau, ii. 29n —— Kinsay, ii. 186, 196n, 200, 214n —— of Palace at Cambaluc, i. 365, 370n —— Pleasure parties on, ii. 205, 211n —— Talifu, ii. 80 —— Yunnan-fu, ii. 66 Laknaoti, ii. 427n Lakshamana Deva, king of Kashmir, i. 104n Lamas of Tibetan Buddhism, i. 28n; their superstitions and rites, 204, 207n, 220, 221n–223n, 301, 302, 314n, 315n; their monasteries, 303, 319n; marriage, 303, 319n. (_See_ also Bakhshi.) Lambri, kingdom of, ii. 299, 300n, 306, 307n; situation of, 301n Lances of Sago Palm, ii. 305n Lanchang, ii. 279n Land of Darkness, ii. 484 _seqq._; market in, 486n Langdarma, i. 168n, 170n Langting Balghasun, i. 306n Languages used in Mongol Court and administration, i. 27, 28n–30n Lan-Ho, i. 305 Lanja Bálús, or Lankha bálús, ii. 308n Lanka (Ceylon), ii. 320n Lan Ki Hien (Nan-Che-hien), ii. 222n, 224n Lanner Falcons, i. 158, 162n, ii. 50 Lan-tsang kiang (Mekong) River, ii. 88n, 128n Lao-Kiun, or Lao-Tseu, the Philosopher, i. 322n, 325n, 326n Laos, people of, ii. 91n, 117n, 120n, 128n Lar, or Láṭ-Desa, ii. 367n —— province, ii. 363, 367n, 403n Latin version of Polo’s Book, _63_, _81_, _90_, _95_, _100_ Latins, the term, i. 10, 12, 32 Latsé, Tibetan for musk, i. 279n Lauredano, Agnes, ii. 520n _Laurus Camphora_, ii. 237n Lawek, _Lawáki_, ii. 278n–279n Laxities of marriage customs, _see_ Marriage Layard, Mr., i. 85n Layas, _see_ Ayas —— Gulf of, i. 17n Leather, i. 395, 398; embroidered mats of Guzerat, 393–394, 395n Leaves, used for plates, ii. 365; green leaves said to have a soul, 366 Lecomte on Chinese war vessels, i. 37n Lembeser, Ismaelite fortress, i. 146n Lenzin, ii. 141n Leon I., king of Lesser Armenia, i. 42n Leon II., king of Lesser Armenia, i. 44n Leon III., king of Lesser Armenia, i. 25n Leon VI., last king of Lesser Armenia, i. 42n Leopards, ii. 282, 411, 431; taught to sit on horseback, i. 299; (Cheetas) kept for the Chase by Kúblái, 397 Lepechin, Professor, i. 9n Le Strange, Guy, i. 67n, 92n Leung Shan, i. 245n Levant, term applied by Polo to the kingdom of the Mongol Khans, i. 1, 5, 8n, 10, 32, 36, 44, 63, 84, 246, 270, ii. 50, 376, 466, 477, 491, 494 Lewchew, ii. 391n Lewis, _see_ St. Lewis Lewis XI. and XII. (France), i. 398n Lew-sha, old Chinese name for Lop Desert, i. 198n, 201n Leyes, _see_ Ayas Lhása, ii. 45n, 70n, 74n; _Labrang_ Monastery at, i. 319n _Li_, Chinese measure, supposed to be confounded with miles, ii. 193n, 194n, 209n Liampo (Ningpo), ii. 228n, 239n Liang, or tael, i. 426n, 427n Liang-chau in Kansuh, i. 29n, 276n, 281n Liao dynasty, _12_, i. 232n, 288n Liao-tong, i. 289n, 334n, 345n Libanos, Λιβανοφόρος and Λιβανωτοφόρος χώρα, ii. 445n–446n _Libro d’Oro_, _14_ Licinius, Emperor, i. 45n Lidé (Liti), ii. 297n, 305n Lieuli Ho, ii. 6n Lign-aloes (eagle-wood), ii. 87, 268; etymology, 271n; in Sumatra, 284, 287n Ligor, ii. 278n _Ligurium_, the precious stone, _Liguire_, i. 398n Li H’ien, Tartar ruler of Tangut, i. 206n _Likamankwas_ of Abyssinian kings, ii. 348n Li-kiang fu, ii. 73n, 90n _Limyrica_, ii. 408n Lindley, i. 99n Lindsay, Hon. R., ii. 46n, 74n _Linga_, ii. 370n Linju, ii. 140, 141n Lin-ngan (Hang-chau), ii. 149n, 195n Lin-ngan in Yun-nan, ii. 120n, 121n, 129n Lintching-y, or Lingchinghien, ii. 141n Lin-t’sing chau, ii. 139n Lion and Sun, i. 352n Lions, black, ii. 376, 382n, 422 —— on the Oxus, i. 151; Chinese notion of, i. 399n —— (apparently for tigers) kept for the chase by Kúblái, i. 397, ii. 31, 42, 56, 214, 219; skins of striped, i. 405; how hunted with dogs, ii. 126. (_See_ also Tigers.) Lion’s Head Tablets, i. 35, 350, 352n _Lire_, various Venetian, _66_, _71_, ii. 591n–592n —— of gold, _73_ Lisbon, ii. 391n Lissu, or Lisau tribe, ii. 60n, 90n Litai, ii. 301n Litan, rebellion of, i. 313n, ii. 136, 138n Lithang, ii. 48n, 56n, 67n Little Orphan Rock, ii. 174n Liu Pang, founder of 1st Han dynasty, ii. 32n Liu Pei (Luo Pé), of the Han dynasty, ii. 32n, 38n _Livre des Merveilles_, _121_, ii. 527n Livres of gold, ii. 442 —— Parisis, _90_, ii. 590n —— Tournois, i. 83, 86n, ii. 590n Li Yuan-hao, founder of the Hsi Hsia dynasty, Tangut, i. 206n Lo, tribes of S.W. China so-called, ii. 123n, 124n, 129n —— Chinese name of part of Siam, ii. 278n Lob, _see_ Lop Locac, kingdom of, ii. 276, 277n–280n Lockhart, Dr. W., i. 372n, 377n, ii. 8n, 27n, 82n, 124n _Lokok_, ii. 278n—280n Lolo tribes, ii. 60n—63n, 69n, 70n, 123n Longevity of Brahmins and Jogis, ii. 365, 369n Longfellow, i. 67n Lop, city and lake, i. 194, 196; desert, 196, 197 Lophāburi, ii. 278n Loping, ii. 129n, 130 Lor, _see_ Lúristan Lord, Dr. Percival, i. 160n Löss, brownish-yellow loam, ii. 14n Loups cerviers (lynx), i. 398n Low castes, ii. 349—350n Lowatong River, ii. 130n Loyang, Bridge of, ii. 241n Lubán, ii. 446n, 449n Lubán-Jáwi, ii. 286n Lubán-Shehri, ii. 449n Lubbies, ii. 372n Lucky and unlucky hours and days, ii. 364, 368n Luddur Deo, ii. 362n Luh-ho-ta Pagoda, Hang-chau, ii. 193n, 194n Lukon-Kiao (Hun-ho, Pulisanghin River), ii. 5n, 6n, 8n Lukyn Port, ii. 279n, 280n Lung-yin ii. 224n Lúristan (Lor, Lur), kingdom of Persia, i. 83, 84n; Great and Little, 85n; character of Lurs or people of, 87n Lusignan, John de, i. 42n Lút, Desert of (Dasht-i-Lut), i. 124n, 127, 128n Lu-tzŭ tribe, ii. 82n Lynxes, trained to hunt, i. 397, 398n; in Cuncun, ii. 31 Ma Twan-lin, the Chinese Pliny, i. 100n, 201n Maaden, turquoise mines at, i. 92n Maatum, or Nubia, ii. 431n Ma’bar (Maabar, _i.e._ Coromandel coast), province of India, ii. 331, 332n, 338; its brother kings, 331, 333n, 335n, 370, 371; pearl fishery, 331, 335n, 337n; etymology, 332n; limits, 333n; obscurity of history, 334n; port visited by Polo, 335n; nakedness of people, king, his jewels, 338–346; his wives, “Trusty Lieges,” treasure, 339, 347n; horses imported, 340; superstitious customs, 340; ox-worship, 341; Govis, _ib._; no horses bred, 342, 350n; other customs, 342; mode of arrest for debt, 343, 350n; great heat, 343; regard for omens, 344, 351n; astrology, treatment of boys, 344; birds, girls consecrated to idols, 345, 351n; customs in sleeping, 346, 352n; ships at Madagascar, 412 Macartney’s Map, i. 173n, 292n Macgregor, Sir C., “Journey through Khorasan,” i. 86n, 89n Máchin, city of (Canton), ii. 175n Máchin, Maháchin (Great China), used by Persian writers as synonymous with Manzi, ii. 35n, 144n, 175n Maclagan, Major-General (R.E.), i. 105n, 155n Madagascar (Madeigascar), ii. 411, 413n; confused with Magadoxo, 414n; etymology, 414n; traces of ancient Arab colonisation, 414n Mádái, Madavi, Maudoy, ii. 387n, 388n Madjgars, ii. 491n–492n Madar-Des, Eastern Panjáb, i. 104n Madras, ii. 355n, 403n Madura, ii. 333n, 334n, 335n Maestro, or Great Bear, said to be invisible in Sumatra, ii. 292, 296n Magadha, ii. 356n Magadoxo, confused with Madagascar, ii. 414n Magapatana, near Ceylon, ii. 283n Magi, the three, i. 78–80; legend as told by Mas’udi, 82n; source of fancies about, 82n; names assigned to, 83n Magic, of Udyana, i. 164n; Lamaitic, 301, 314n. (_See_ also Sorcerers.) Magical darkness (dry fog and dust storms), i. 98, 105n Magnet, Mount, ii. 418n Magyars, ii. 491n–492n Mahar Amlak, king of Abyssinia, ii. 436n Mahávan, ii. 426n Mahmúd Kalháti, prince of Hormuz, i. 121n Mahmúd of Ghazni, i. 106n Mahmudiah Canal, ii. 439n Mahomed (Mahommet), his account of Gog and Magog, i. 56n; his Paradise, 140; his alleged prophecy of the Mongols, 265n; his use of mangonels, ii. 164n Mahomed, supposed worship of idols of, i. 189n —— II., uses the old engines of war, ii. 163n, 166n —— Tarabi, 106n —— Tughlak of Delhi, his copper token currency, 429n —— Shah of Malacca, ii. 282n Mahomedan revolts in China, ii. 29n, 74n, 80n —— conversion of Malacca, 282n —— conversion of states in Sumatra, 284, 288n, 294n, 295n, 300n–303n —— butchers in Kashmir, i. 167 —— butchers in Maabar, ii. 342 —— king of Kayal, 374n —— merchants at Kayal, 372n —— settlements on Abyssinian coast, 434n Mahomedans (Saracens), i. 414, 418; in Turcomania, 43; in and near Mausul, 60; their universal hatred of Christians, 68, 72; in Tauris, 75; in Persia, 84; their hypocrisy about wine, 87n; at Yezd, 88; Hormuz, 108; Cobinan, 125; Tonocain, 128; Sapurgan, 149; Taican, 153; Badakhshan, 157; Wakhan, etc., 170; Kashgar, 180; strife with Christians in Samarkand, 183; Yarkand, 187; Khotan, 188; Pein, 191; Charchan, 194; Lop, 196; Tangut, 203; Chingintalas, 212; Kanchau, 219, 263; Sinju, 274; Egrigaia, 281; Tenduc, their half-breed progeny, 284; in northern frontier of China, alleged origin of, 288n; their gibes at Christians, 343; Kúblái’s dislike of, 420, 422n; in Yun-nan, ii. 66, 67n, 74n; in Champa, 268n; in Sumatra, 284, 288n, 294n, 295n, 300n, 303n; troops in Ceylon, 314; pilgrims to Adam’s Peak, 319; honour St. Thomas, 353; in Kesmacoran, 401; in Madagascar, 411; in Abyssinia, 427; in Aden, 428, 438; outrage by, 428 _seqq._; at Esher, 442; Dufar, 444; Calatu, 449; Hormuz, 452; Ahmad Sultan one, 467 Mailapúr (Shrine of St. Thomas), ii. 355n Maiman, i. 86n _Maistre_, the word, ii. 296n Maitreya Buddha, ii. 330n Majapahit, empire of (Java), ii. 275n Majar (Menjar), ii. 491n Major, R. H., on Australia, ii. 280n Makdashan, _see_ Magadoxo Malabar, Melibar, Malibar, Manibar, ii. 389, 390; fleets, 389; products, 389, 390n; imports, Chinese ships in, 390, 391n Malacca, ii. 281n; foundation of, 282n; chronology, 282n Malacca, Straits of, ii. 281n Malaiur, island and city, ii. 280, 281n, 283n, 305–306n Mal-Amir, or Aidhej, i. 85n Malasgird, i. 145n Malay Peninsula, ii. 277n; invasion of Ceylon, 215n; chronicle, 279n, 282n, 287n, 288n, 294n, 300n; language, 286n; origin of many geographical names, 314n Malayo, or Tana Malayu, ii. 281n, 283n Malcolm, Sir John, ii. 351n Maldive Islands, ii. 425n Malé in Burma, ii. 113n Male and Female Islands, ii. 401, 404 _seqq._; legend widely diffused, 405n–406n, 415n Malifattan, ii. 333n Malik al Dháhir, king of Samudra, ii. 288n, 294n —— al Mansúr, ii. 288n, 294n —— al Sálih, king of Samudra, ii. 288n, 294n, 295n —— Kafur, ii. 333n Malli, the, i. 93n Malpiero, Gasparo, _4_ Malte-Brun, _112_, i. 86n, ii. 602n Malwa, ii. 426n, 427n Mamaseni, i. 85n Mamre, tree of, i. 131n, 132n, 135n Mán, barbarians, ii. 60n, 123n, 144n, 228n Man, Col. Henry, ii. 308n, 312n Manchu dynasty, i. 29n Mancopa, ii. 300n, 305n Mandalé in Burma, ii. 329n Mandarin language, ii. 243n Mangalai, third son of Kúblái, _21_, i. 361n, ii. 24; his palace, 24, 25, 31n Mangalore, ii. 386n Mangla and Nebila Islands, ii. 405n Mangonels made by Polos for attack of Saianfu, ii. 159; etymology, 164n; account of, 168n; a barbarous lubricant for, 180n Mangu (Mangku, Mongu) Khan, Kúblái’s elder brother, _10_, _11_, i. 8n, 14n, 61n, 103n, 146n, 210, 227n, ii. 32n, 42, 46n; his death, i. 245n; reign, massacre at his funeral, 246, 250n, 334n Mangu-Temur (Mungultemur), ii. 491, 496, 497n Manjáník (Manjaniki), ii. 164n —— Kumghá, ii. 168n Manjaníkis (Mangonellers), ii. 168n. (_See_ Mangonels.) Manji, _see_ Manzi Manjushri, Bodhisatva, ii. 265n Manphul, Pandit, i. 154n, 156n, 160n, 162n, 163n Mansur Shah, i. 25n Mantzé, Man-tzu, Mantszi, Aborigines, ii. 60n, 64n, 144n Manuel, Comnenus, Emperor, i. 82n Manufactures, Kúblái’s, i. 412, 415n Manuscripts of Polo’s Book, _81_ _seqq._, _90_ _seqq._ ii. 526n–552n Manzi (Facfur), king of, i. 36, ii. 145, 148; his flight, 146; his charity, 147, 207–208; his effeminacy, 147; his death, 148; his palace at Kinsay, 191–192, 206–207. (_See_ Faghfur.) —— (Mangi) province, _3_, ii. 10; White City of the Frontier, 33, 34n, 36, 49, 139, 141, 144n, 151, 176; entrance to, 142, 152; conquest of, 145–146, 148, 158, 178; character of the people, 181, 204; its nine kingdoms, 1200 cities and squares, 190, 213; its bamboos, 219; no sheep in, 219; dialects, 236, 243n; called Chin, 264, 265n; ships and merchants in India, 386, 390, 391n —— queen of, surrenders, ii. 146, 150n; her report of Kinsay, 185 Map, constructed on Polo’s data, _109_, _110_; Hereford, _127_; Roger Bacon’s, _132_; Marino Sanudo’s, _133_; Medicean, _134_; Catalan, _135_, _136_; Fra Mauro’s, _135_; Ruysch’s, _135_; Mercator’s, _137_; Sanson’s, _137_ Mapillas, or Moplahs, ii. 372n, 380n Maps, allusions to, in Polo’s book, ii. 245n, 312, 424; early mediæval, _132_; of the Arabs, _132_; in the palace at Venice, _110_ Marabia, Maravia, Maravi, ii. 386n–387n Marah Silu, ii. 294n Mâramangalam, site of Kolkhoi, ii, 373n Marash, i. 23n Maratha, ii. 426n Mardin (Merdin), i. 60, 62n Mare’s milk, _see_ Kumiz Margaritone, i. 22n Marignolli, John, ii. 23n, 144n, 180n, 193n, 194n, 213n, 239n, 321n, 356n, 358n Market days, i. 154n, ii. 106, 107n Markets in Kinsay, ii. 201, 202 —— Squares in Kinsay, ii. 201, 210n, 213n Marks of Silver, i. 83, ii. 394, 591n Marriage customs in Khotan, i. 191, 193n —— customs in Kanchau, i. 220, 223n —— customs of the Tartars, 252—253, 256n —— (posthumous) amongst Tartars, 267, 268n —— laxities of different peoples, i. 191, 193n —— laxities in Thibet, ii. 44, 48n, 53–54, 56n, 66, 76n Mar Sarghis, ii. 157n, 177 Marsden’s edition of Polo, _115_ and _passim_ Martin, Dr. Ernest, of French Legation at Pekin, ii. 93n Martini, ii. 5n, 15n, 29n, 32n, 35n, 137n, 211n, 228n, 229n, 237n; his _Atlas Sinensis_, i. 42n, ii. 69n; his account of Kinsay, ii. 214n and _passim_ Martyrs, Franciscan, ii. 396n _Masálak-al-Absár_, i. 5n, 86n, ii. 214, 348n Masa’úd, Prince of Hormuz, i. 120n, 121n Mashhad (Meshed), or Varsach River, i. 150n, 155n, 156n, 193n Mashiz, i. 92n Maskat, ii. 451n Mastiff Dogs, Keepers of the, i. 400, 401n Mastiffs of Tibet, _see_ Dogs Mastodon, bogged, ii. 290n Mas’ud II., Ghiath ed-din-Seljuk dynasty, i. 44n Mas’udi, i. 53n, 59n, 62n, 82n, 99n Masulipatam, ii. 363n Matchlocks, manufacture at Kerman, i. 90; at Taianfu, ii. 15n Ma-t’eu (Matu), ii. 139n Mati Dhivaja, _see_ Bashpah Lama Matitánana, ii. 414n Matityna (Martinique), ii. 405n Mätzner, Eduard, ii. 601n Maundevile, Sir John (John a Beard), on lying in water, i. 119n, ii. 604n; Cloths of Tartary, 295n; Trees of the Sun, 130n; Dry Tree, 131n; his Book of Travels, ii. 598n, 605n; English version, 601n; his tomb, 604n Maung Maorong, or Pong, Shan kingdom, ii. 79n, 113n Mauro, Fra, his map, i. 6, 133, ii. 128n Mausul (Mosul), kingdom of, i. 46, 60, 61n, 62n _Mauvenu_ (Malvennez), the phrase, ii. 21n, 473n Mayers, W. F., ii. 150n, 596n Mayhew, A. L., on _Couvade_, ii. 93n Mázanderán, province, i. 59n _Mecchino_, Ginger, ii. 381n Medressehs at Sivas, i. 45n Mekhitar, i. 45n Mekong River (Lan-tsang kiang), ii. 88n, 128n, 278n Mekrán, often reckoned part of India, ii. 402n, 403n, 405n Mekranis, i. 106n Melchior, one of the Magi, i. 78, 82n Melibar, _see_ Malabar Melic, the title, ii. 449, 450, 470n Melons, dried, of Shibrgán, i. 149, 150n Menangkabau, ii. 286n, 301n Mendoza, i. 8n Menezes, Duarte, ii. 358n Mengki, envoy to Java, ii. 75n Menjar (Májar?), ii. 490, 491n Menuvair and Grosvair, ii. 483n Merghuz Boirúk Khan, ii. 19n Merkit (Mecrit, Mescript), a Tartar tribe, i. 236n, 269, 271n Meshid (more correctly Mashhad), i. 150n, 155n, 156n, 193n Messengers, Royal Mongol, i. 36n Mexico, ii. 405n Meyer, Paul, _Alexandre le Grand_, i. 56n Miafaraḳain, i. 68n Miau-tzu, ii. 82n Mien, Amien, Ava (Burma), king of, his battle with Tartars, ii. 98n; City of, 99n, 109; its gold and silver towers, 110; how it was conquered, 110, 111n; communications and war with Mongols, 104; Chinese notices, 104n Mikado, ii. 262 Military engines of the Middle Ages, dissertation on, ii. 161n; two classes, 161n; _Trébuchets_, 161n, 163n, 164n; Balista, 161n; shot used, carrion, live men, bags of gold, 163n; _Mangonel_, 163n, 169n; Napoleon’s experiments with heavy shot, 164n, 165n; size and accuracy, 165n; length of range (Sanudo on), 166n; effect of Mangonel on Saracens, 166n; procured by Kúblái for siege of Siang-yang, 167n; Chinese and Persian histories on, 167n–169n; known to Mongols and Chinese, 168n; the _Karabugha_, or _Calabra_, 168n; the _P’ao_, 169n Milk, portable, or curd, i. 262, 265n Milk, rite of sprinkling Mare’s, i. 300, 309n, 411 Million, use of the numeral, _67_, ii. 215, 217n Millione, Millioni, nickname for Polo and his book, _6_, _54_, _119_, ii. 217n Millioni, Corte del, _4_ Milne, ii. 222n Minao district, i. 110n, 114n Mines and Minerals, _see_ Iron, Silver, etc. Minever, _see_ Menuvair Ming, the Chinese dynasty which ousted the Mongols, A.D. 1368, i. 29n, ii. 15n, 238n; their changes in Peking, i. 342n; their paper-money, 427n; their effeminate customs, ii. 20; expeditions to India, 392n; annals, 413n, 439n, 445n Mingan, Khan’s Master of Hounds, i. 400 Ming-ti, Emperor i. 347n Minján, dialect of, i. 160n Minotto, Professor A. S., _6_, ii. 511n Min River (in Fokien), ii. 228n, 230n, 233n, 234n —— River (in Sze-ch’wan), ii. 40n, 70n, 130n Mint, the Khan’s, i. 423 Mintsing-hien, ii. 230n Mious River, ii. 488n Miracle Stories, fish in Lent, i. 52–57n; Mountain moved, 68–73; St. Barsamo’s girdles, 77; Holy Fire, 80; Stone at Samarkand, 185; at St. Thomas’ Shrine, ii. 354, 356n, 358n Mírat, ii. 426n _Mire_, French for leech, i. 81n Mirkhond, ii. 180n Mirobolans, ii. 388n _Misḳál_, a weight, i. 353n, ii. 41n, 217n, 592n. (_See_ also Saggio.) _Misri_, sugar-candy, ii. 230n Missionary Friars, powers conferred on, i. 22, 23n; in China in 14th century, _140_, ii. 154n, 237n, 240n —— Martyrs, i. 312n, ii. 396n Moa of New Zealand, ii. 417n, 418n Modhafferians, the, i. 86n Modun Khotan (“Wood-ville”), i. 408n Moghistan, i. 110n Mohammed, son of Yusuf Kelefi, founder of Shíráz, i. 85n Mohammerah, ii. 444n Mohiuddin, i. 24n Mokli, the Jelair, ii. 462n Molayu, ii. 283n Molebar, _see_ Malabar Molephatan, ii. 426n Molière, _Pastorale Comique_, i. 341n Moluccas, ii. 265n Mombasa, ii. 424n Momein, ii. 57n, 80n, 81n Monasteries of Idolaters (Buddhists), i. 167, 219, 286n, 303, 319n, ii. 171, 174n, 175, 176n, 213n Money, paper, i. 423–425, 426n–430n —— values, i. 426n, ii. 590n–592n Mongol conquests, _9_, _10_; capture Soldaia, i. 4n; Bolghar, 7n, 8n; treachery and cruelty, 61n, 151n, 265n, ii. 181n; their inroads, i. 105n; Balkh city, 151n; invade Balakhshán, 161n; invasion of Poland and Silesia, ii. 493n Mongon Khan, _see_ Mangu Mongotay (Mangkutai), a Mongol officer, ii. 136, 138n Monkeys, ii. 285, 382, 431; passed off as pygmies, 285, 383n–385n Monks, idolatrous, i. 303. (_See_ Monasteries.) Monnier, Marcel, his visit to Karakorum, i. 230n; on the Ch’êng-tu Suspension Bridge, ii. 41n Monoceros and Maiden, legend of, ii. 285, 291n Monophysitism, i. 61n Monsoons, _23_, ii. 264–265 Montecorvino, John, Archbishop of Cambaluc, i. 117n, 287n, 289n, 346n, ii. 180n Monte d’Ely, ii. 386n, 387n Montgomerie, Major T. G. (R.E.) (Indian Survey), on fire at great altitudes, i. 178n; position of Kashgar and Yarkund, 182n Monument at Si-ngan fu, Christian, ii. 27n, 28n Moon, Mountains of the, ii. 415n, 420n, 421n Moore, _Light of the Harem_, i. 115n Moplahs, _see_ Mapillas Morgan, E. Delmar, i. 176n, 198n, 207n Mortagne, siege of, ii. 165n _Morus alba_, silk-worm tree, ii. 25n Moscow, Tartar Massacre at, ii. 493n Mosolin, or Muslin (Mosolini), _Mo-sze_, Arab Mauçili, i. 60, 62n, ii. 363n, 408n Mossos, a tribe, ii. 60n, 63n Mosta’sim Billah, last Abbaside Khalif of Baghdad, story of his avarice and death, i. 63–64, 67n _Mostocotto_, i. 87n Mosul (Mausul), i. 46, 60, 61n, 62n Motapallé, _see_ Mutfili Motawakkil, Khalif, i. 131n Moule, Bishop G. E., ii. 194n–198n, 209n–213n, 215n Mount, Green, in Palace grounds at Peking, i. 365, 370n, 372n —— St. Thomas, ii. 356n, 358n —— D’Ely, _see_ Monte d’Ely Mountain, Old Man of the, _see_ Old Man of the —— Miracle of the, i. 68–73 —— Road in Shensi, extraordinary, ii. 32n Mourning customs, at Hormuz, i. 109; in Tangut, 204; at Kinsay, ii. 191 Mozambique Channel, ii. 415n Muang, term applied in Shan countries (Laos and W. Yunnan) to fortified towns, as:— Muang-Chi, ii. 67n Muang, or Maung Maorong, ii. 79n, 113n Muang Shung, ii. 120n Muang Yong, ii. 57n, 117n, 128n Muláhidah (Mulehet, Alamút, Chinese Mulahi), epithet of Ismaelites, i. 139, 141n, 142n, 146n Mulberry Trees, i. 423, ii. 13, 24 Mul-Java, ii. 349n Müller, F. W. K., ii. 89n Müller, Professor Max, i. 65n; on _Couvade_, ii. 93n; on stories of Buddha and St. Josafat, 323n, 325n, 326n, 328n Multan, ii. 426n Múnál pheasant (_Lophophorus impeyanus_), described by Ælian, i. 280n Mung (_Nicaea_), i. 104n Mungasht, hill fort, stronghold of the Atabegs, i. 85n Mungul, name applied to Tartars, i. 285. (_See_ Mongol.) Mungul-Temur and Mongo-Temur, see Mangu-Temur Murad Beg, of Kunduz, i. 156n, 161n, 163n Murghab River, i. 172n, 175n Murray, Dr. J. A. H., on _Couvade_, ii. 93n —— Hugh, ii. 133n, 141n, 175n, 208n, 212n, 486n Murus Ussu (Brius, Upper Kiang), ii. 67n Mus, Merdin (Mush, Mardin), i. 60, 62n Musk, animal (Moschus), i. 275, 279n, 364, ii. 34, 35n, 45, 54 —— earliest mention of and use in medicine, i. 279n Muslin, _see_ Mosolin Mutfili (Motapallé for Telingana), ii. 359, 362n, 403n, 424; its diamonds, 360–361, 362n; identified, 362n Muza, ii. 408n Mynibar, ii. 426n Mysore, ii. 427n Mystic number, _see_ Numbers Nac, Nasich, Naques (Nakh), a kind of brocade, i. 63, 65n, 285, 295n _Nachetti_, silk stuff interwoven with gold, i. 65n _Nakhut_, gold brocade, i. 65n Nakkára (Naccara, Nacaires), the great kettledrum signalling action, i. 338, 339n–341n, ii. 461 Nákshatra, ii. 368n Nalanda, i. 306n Nan-Chao, formerly Ai-Lao, Shan dynasty in Yun-nan, ii. 73n, 79n Nancouri, ii. 308n Nanghin (Ngan-king), ii. 154, 157, 171n Nangiass, Mongol name of Manzi, ii. 144n Nankau, archway in Pass of, with polyglot inscription, i. 28n Nanking, not named by Polo, ii. 158n Nanwuli, ii. 301n Naobanján, i. 85n Naoshirwan, i. 53n Naphtha in the Caucasian country, i. 46, 49 —— Fire used in war by the Karaunahs, i. 101n Napier, Sir C., i. 147n Napoleon III., his researches and experiments on mediæval engines of war, ii. 164n, 165n Narikela-Dvipa, ii. 307n Narin-Kaleh, fortress, i. 53n Narkandam, volcanic island, ii. 312n Narsinga, King of, ii. 347n Narwhal tusk, mediæval Unicorn’s Horn, ii. 291n Nasich, _see_ Nac Nasruddin (Nescradin), officer in the Mongol Service, ii. 101, 104n, 111n, 114n Nassir-uddin, Mahmud, Sultan of Delhi, _12_ Natigay, Tartar idol, i. 257, 258n, 456, ii. 479 Nava-Khanda, or Nine Divisions of Ancient India, i. 104n Navapa (Lop?), i. 197n Naversa (ancient Anazarbus), in Cilicia, under Taurus, i. 58n Nayan, Kúblái’s kinsman, his revolt, i. 333, 334n; Kúblái marches against, 335; routed in battle, 337; put to death by Kúblái, 343 Nearchus at Hormuz, i. 114n Nebila and Mangla islands, ii. 405n Nebuchadnezzar, i. 52n Necklaces, precious, ii. 338, 346n Necuveran, _see_ Nicobar Negapatam, Chinese Pagoda at, ii. 336n Negroes described, ii. 422 Negropont, i. 18, 19n, 36 Nellore, ii. 333n Nemej, Niemicz (“Dumb”), applied to Germans by Slavs, ii. 493n Nerghi, Plain of, ii. 499 _Neri_ (pigs), ii. 210n Nescradin, _see_ Nasruddin _Nesnás_ (a goblin), i. 202n Nestorian Christians, at Mosul, i. 46, 60, 61n; Tauris, 75, 77n; Kashgar, 182; Samarkand, 182, 186n; Yarkand, 187; Tangut, 203, 207n; Kamul, 211n; Chingintalas, 212; Sukchur, 217; Kampichu, Kan-chau, 219; their diffusion in Asia, 237n; among the Mongols, 241, 243n; Erguiul and Sinju, 274; Egrigaia, 281; Tenduc, 284, 285, 287n; China, 291n; Yachi, or Yun-nan fu, ii. 66, 74n; Cacanfu, 132; Yang-chau, 154n; one in Polo’s suite, 159; churches at Chinghianfu, 177; church at Kinsay, 192; at St. Thomas, 358n; Patriarch of, 377n, 407; Metropolitan, 377n, 409n Nestorius, Patriarch of Constantinople, i. 61n Nevergún Pass, i. 112n New Year Festival at Kúblái’s Court, i. 390 Neza Tash Pass, i. 172n Ngan-king (Nanghin), ii. 154, 157, 171n Ngan-ning-ho River, ii. 69n Ngantung, Mongol general, ii. 462n Ngo-ning, or Ho-nhi, ii. 120n, 121n Nia (ancient Ni-jang), in Khotan, i. 195n Nias Island, ii. 298n Nibong Palm, ii. 305n Nicaea of Alexander, i. 105n Nicholson, Edward B., ii. 604n Nicobar (Necuveran) Islands, ii. 306, 307n, 315n; etymology and people, 308n Nicolas of Pistoia, ii. 356n Nicolas, Christian name of Ahmad Sultan, ii. 468n —— Friar, of Vicenza, i. 22 Nicolas IV., Pope, ii. 474n Nieuhoff, ii. 139n, 141n Nigudar (Nogodar), Mongol princes, i. 98, 102n Nigudarian bands, i. 98, 102n, 121n, 164n Nilawár (Nellore), ii. 333n Nile, sources of, ii. 415n, 438, 439n Nileshwaram, ii. 388n _Nímchah Musulmán_, “Half-and-Halfs,” i. 155n Nine, auspicious number among Tartars, i. 390, 392n Nine Provinces (India), i. 104n; (China), ii. 190, 199n Ning-hsia, or hia (Egrigaia), i. 282n, ii. 23n Ningpo, ii. 224n Ning-yuan fu, ii. 69n, 70n Niriz, steel mines of, i. 86n, 92n Nirvana, figures of Buddha in, i. 221n Nishapúr, i. 150n Niuché (Yuché), Chinese name for the Churchés or race of Kin Empire, _12_, i. 28n, 231n Noah’s Ark in Armenia, i. 46, 49n Nobles of Venice, _14_; Polo’s claim to be one, _ib._ Nochdarizari, mountains north of Kabul, i. 102n Nogai Khan, ii. 496; his intrigues and wars, 496–497; his history, 497n; wars with Toctai, 498 Nogodar (Nigudar), King of the Caraonas, story of, i. 98 Nomad tribes of Persia, i. 87n Nomogan (Numughan), Kúblái’s son, i. 361n, ii. 460, 462n None, _Nona_, _Nuna_, title given to younger brothers or subordinate princes, i. 171, 173n North, regions of the Far, ii. 479 North Star, _see_ Pole-Star Note Book, Polo’s, ii. 193n Novgorod, ii. 489n Nubia, St. Thomas in, ii. 355; alleged use of elephants in, 434n Nukdaris, tribe west of Kabul, i. 102n Nuksán Pass, i. 165n Numbers, mystic or auspicious, ii. 108n, 347n; Nine, i. 390, 392n; one hundred and eight, ii. 347n _Nuna_, _see_ None Nusi-Ibrahim, ii. 414n Nutmegs, ii. 272, 309n Nyuché, or Churché, race of Kin Emperors, _see_ Niuché. Oak of Hebron, _see_ Terebinth Oaracta (Kishm, or Brakht), i. 115n Obedience of Ismaelites, extraordinary, i. 144n Obi River, ii. 481n, 484n Observatory at Peking, i. 378n, 449n Ocean Sea, i. 107, 270, ii. 3, 22, 36, 56, 146, 153, 189, 237n, 251, 487; other seas, parts of, 265 Ocoloro Island, ii. 406n Odoric, Friar, _117_, i. 49n, 59n, 76n, 81n, 89n, 110n, 117n, 202n, 288n, 314n, 370n, 375n, 384n, 385n, 426n, 437n, 441n, ii. 237n, 599n, 602n, 604n; on Kinsay, 212n; on Fuchau, 232n; Zayton, 237n; Java, 263n, 275n; Champa, 271n; Sumatra, 294n, 297n; on sago tree, 304n; on products of Ceylon, 315n; St. Thomas’s, 358n; Pepper Forest, 377n; brazil-wood, 380n; Thána, 396n Oger, the Dane, i. 131n Ogotai Khan, _see_ Okkodai Oil from the Holy Sepulchre, i. 14, 19, 26; fountain of (Naphtha) at Baku, 46, 49n; whale, 108, 117n —— head (Capidoglio, or Sperm whale), ii. 411, 414n —— walnut and Sesamé, i. 158, 162n Oirad, or Uirad (Horiad), a great Tartar tribe, i. 300, 308n Okkodai Khan, third son of Chinghiz, _10_, i. 65n, 206n, 227n, 228n, 236n, 247n, 437n Olak, Illuk, Aulak, _see_ Lac Old Man of the Mountain (Aloadin), _124_, _127_, i. 139–146; his envoys to St. Lewis, 47n; account of, 139; how he trained his Assassins, 142; the Syrian, 144; his subordinate chiefs, 143, 145n; his end, 145; modern representative, 147n Oljaitu Khan, his correspondence with European princes, i. 14n, 36n, 362n; his tomb, ii. 478n Oman, ii. 348n, 452n Omens, much regarded in Maabar, ii. 344, 351n; by the Brahmans, 364, 368n, 369n Onan Kerule, near Baikal, i. 236n Ondanique (fine kind of steel), Andaine, Andanicum, Hundwáníy, i. 90, 93n, 125n; in Kerman, 90; Chingintalas, 212, 215n Oppert, Dr. Gustavus, Book on Prester John, _Der Presbyter Johannes in Sage and Geschichte_, i. 231n–233n, 235n, 236n, 245n, 288n Orang Gugu, ii. 301n Orang Malayu River, ii. 281n _Or Batuz_, i. 388n Orbelian, John, identified by Bruun with Prester John, i. 233n–235n Ordos, the Mongols of, i. 249n Organa (Jerún), Persian Gerún, i. 115n Oriental phrases in Polo’s dictation, _84_ Orissa, ii. 426n Orkhon River, i. 227n Orléans, defence of, ii. 165n —— Isle d’, 277n _Orloks_, or Marshals of the Mongol Host, i. 263, ii. 462n Oroech, ii. 487, 489n _Oron_, Mongol for a region or realm, i. 104n _Orphani_, strange customs of the, ii. 298n _Osci_, the word, ii. 350n Ostriches, ii. 431, 437n Ostyaks, ii. 484n Otto, Bishop of Freisingen, i. 233n, 234n Oulatay (Uladai), Tartar envoy from Persia, i. 32, 33n _Ovis Poli_, _see_ Sheep _Oweke_, _see_ Ucaca Owen, Professor, ii. 417n Owen, Rev. Gray, on the Lolos, ii. 69n _Owo_, Mongol for Musk, i. 279n Oxen, humped, in Kerman, i. 97, 99n; wild, shaggy (Yaks), 274, 277n —— wild (_Beyamini_), in East Tibet, ii. 50; Burma, 111, 114n; in Bengal, 115, 116n; Anin, 119; worshipped, 341, 365, 370n; figures of, worn, 365, 370n Oxenham, _Atlas_, i. 433n, ii. 12n, 14n, 67n, 157n Oxydracae, the, i. 93n _Oxyrhynchus_, ii. 434n Oxus Valley and River, i. 152n, 161n, 172n, 173n, ii. 594n _Ozene_, ii. 397n Pacamuria (Baccanor), ii. 386n Pacauta! (an invocation), ii. 338, 346n Pacem, _see_ Pasei Paddle-wheel barges, ii. 211n Paderin, Mr., visits Karákorum, i. 228n Pádishah Khátún of Kerman, i. 91n Padma Sambhava, i. 164n Pagán (in Burma), ii. 100n, 107n, 109n, 113n, 114n; ruins at, _13_; empire of, ii. 279n —— Old (Tagaung), ii. 107n, 113n Pagaroyang, inscriptions from, ii. 286n Paggi Islands, ii. 298n Pagodas, Burmese, ii. 110, 114n; alleged Chinese in India, 336n–337n, 391n Pahang, ii. 279n Paï, or Peyih tribe, ii. 60n, 120n Paipurth (Baiburt), i. 46, 49n Pai-yen-ching, ii. 58n _Paizah_, or Golden Tablet of Honour, i. 352n, 353n —— and _Yarligh_, i. 322n, 352n Pakwiha, China ware, ii. 243n _Pala_, a bird, ii. 351n Palace of Khan at Chagannor, i. 296; at Chandu (Shangtu), 298; of cane, 299; at Langtin, 306; Cambaluc, 362; on Green Mount, 370; at Kenjanfu (Si-ngan fu), ii. 24, 29n; of the Empire of Manzi at Kinsay, 191, 192, 206, 212n; in Chipangu, paved and roofed with gold, 253, 256n, 275n Palembang, ii. 281n, 283n _Paliolle_, _Or de_, for gold dust, ii. 52n Palladius, the Archimandrite, i. 187n, 198n, 215n, 225n, 227n, 248n, 251n, 256n, 270n, 276n, 279n, 282n, 287n, 288n, 291n, 304n, 306n, 308n, 310n, 319n, 327n, 334n, 336n, 344n–347n, 358n, 389n, 397n, 402n, 407n, 408n, 430n, 456n, 461n, ii. 178n Palm (Measure), ii. 592n Palm Wine, _see_ Wine of Palm Pamier (Pamir), Plain of, i. 171; its wild sheep, 171, 176n; great height, 174n; pasture, etc., 174n, 175n; described by Hiuen Tsang, Wood, Goës, Abdul Mejid, Colonel Gordon and others, 174n–176n; Dr. M. A. Stein on, ii. 593n–594n; Lord Curzon on number of, 594n Pan-Asiatic usages, i. 324n, 326n, ii. 359n Pandarani, or Fandaraina, ii. 386n, 391n Pandit Manphul, i. 162n, 163n, 173n, 154n–156n, 160n, 161n, 422n, 438n Pandrethan in Kashmir, Buddhist temple at, i. 167 Pandyan kings, ii. 333n–335n, 373n–374n Panja River, or Upper Oxus, i. 170, 172n–174n Panjáb, i. 104n Panjkora, i. 104n Panjshir, i. 162n, 165n, ii. 488n Pantaleon, coins of, i. 163n Panthé, or Mahomedan Kingdom in Yun-nan, ii. 80n Panya (or Pengya), in Burma, ii. 113n Pao-ki h’ien, ii. 32n, 34n Paonano Pao, i. 173n, ii. 593n Papé, Papesifu, ii. 117n, 128n Paper-money (Chao), Kúblái’s made from bark, i. 423–425, 426n–430n; modern, 428n. (_See_ also Currency.) Papien River, ii. 128n Paquier, Professor, i. 172n, 183n Paradise, Apples of, i. 97, 99n —— in legend of the Cross, 136n —— of Persia, 114n —— of the Old Man of the Mountain, i. 140, 142; destroyed, 145 —— Rivers of, 9n Parákráma Bahu I., ii. 334n Paramisura, founder of Malacca, ii. 282n _Parapomisadae_, ii. 402n _Parasol_, i. 354n Paravas, ii. 372n Parez, Pariz, turquoise mines of, i. 92n —— falcons of, 96n Pariahs (_Paraiyar_), ii. 228n; etymology of, ii. 349n Parker, E. H., i. 263n, 291n, 312n, 345n, 360n, 381n, 433n, ii. 60n, 74n, 88n, 104n, 148n, 151n, 169n, 207n; on Pasei, 296n Parlák, or Perlak, _see_ Ferlec —— Tanjong, ii. 287n Parliament, Tartar, ii. 495 Parpa iron mines, i. 93n Parrot, Professor, first to ascend Mount Ararat, i. 49n Parrots, ii. 376, 431 Partridges, i. 88; black, 99n; Jirufti, 111n; great (Chakors), 296, 297n; in mew, 298n. (_See_ also Francolin.) Parwana, a traitor eaten by the Tartars, i. 312n Paryán silver mines, i. 162n Pascal of Vittoria, Friar, i. 9n Pasei, Pacem (Basma), a kingdom of Sumatra, ii. 284–285, 288n–289n, 292, 296n, 305n —— Bay of, 296n —— History of, 288n–289n Pasha-Afroz, i. 165n Pasha and Pashagar tribes, i. 165n Pashai, i. 164; what region intended, 164, 165n —— Dir, i. 98, 104n Passo (or Pace), Venetian, ii. 280, 281n, 592n Patarins, heretics, _108_, i. 303, 321n, ii. 342n _Patera_, debased Greek, from Badakhshan, i. 159, 160n Patlam, ii. 337n _Patra_, or Alms-dish of Buddha, ii. 320, 328n; miraculous properties, 330n; Holy Grail of Buddhism, 330n Patriarchs of Eastern Christians, i. 60, 61n, ii. 407, 409n. (_See_ also Catholicos and Nestorian.) Patteik-Kará, ii. 99n, 100n Patterns, beast and bird, on silk, etc., i. 66n, 90, 95, 96n, 398n, ii. 424n Patu, _see_ Batu Paukin (Pao-ying), ii. 152 Pauthier, G., remarks on text of Polo, _92_ _seqq._, _et passim_ Paved roads in China, ii. 189, 198n —— streets of Kinsay, ii. 189 Payan, _see_ Bayan Payangadi, ii. 387n Pa-yi writing, specimen of, ii. 65n Peaches, yellow and white (apricots), ii. 202, 210 Peacocks at St. Thomas’s, ii. 355; special kind in Coilum, ii. 376 Pearls, i. 60, 107, 350, 387, 390, 394, 424, ii. 338, 373n; in Caindu, 53, 56n, 231, 235; rose-coloured in Chipangu, 254, 257n; fishery of, 331, 332, 337n, 344, 372n; pearls and precious stones of kingdom of Maabar, 338, 364, 368n Pears, enormous, ii. 202, 210n Pedir, ii. 289n Pedro, Prince of Portugal, _110_, _135_ Pegu and Bengal confounded, ii. 99n, 115n, 128n Pei-chau (Piju), ii. 141 Pein (Pim), province, i. 191, 192n; site of, ii. 595n Peking, white pagoda at, ii. 347n. (_See_ Cambaluc.) Pelly, Col. Sir Lewis, British Resident at Bushire, i. 85n, 86n, 110n, 114n, 117n Pema-ching, ii. 35n Pemberton, Captain R., ii. 79n Pentam (Bintang), ii. 280n, 284 Pepper, daily consumption of, at Kinsay, ii. 204; change in Chinese use of, 210n; great importation at Zayton, duty on, 235, 242n; white and black, 264, 272; in Coilum, 375; Eli and Cananore, 385, 388n; Melibar, 389; Guzerat, 393, 394n; trade in, to Alexandria, 235, 389, 438 Pepper Country, ii. 377n Peregrine falcons, i. 269, ii. 487 Perla (Ferlec), ii. 287n Persia, extent of name to Bokhara, i. 10n; spoken of, 75, 78; three Magi of 78; its eight kingdoms, 83 Persia and India, boundary of, ii. 402n Persian applied to language of foreigners at Mongol Court, i. 380n, ii. 5n Persian Gulf (Sea of India?), i. 63, 64n Pesháwar, ii. 330n Peter, Tartar slave of Marco Polo’s, _72_ Pharaoh’s rats (Gerboa), i. 252, 254n, ii. 480, 517n Phayre, Major-General Sir Arthur, ii. 100n, 105n, 113n, 114n Pheasants, large and long tailed, i. 275, ii. 22, 153; Reeves’s, i. 280n Pheng (the Rukh), ii. 421n Philip the Fair, i. 14n, 87n Philip III. and IV. of France, i. 87n Philippine Islands, ii. 265n, 266n Phillips, G., ii. 220n–222n, 224n, 228n, 230n, 232n, 233n, 238n, 239n, 240n–241n, 278n, 279n, 296n, 297n, 308n, 314n, 315n, 596n Phipps, Captain, ii. 373n Phra Râma, Siamese kings so-called, ii. 278n Phungan, Phungan-lu (Fungul?), ii. 127n, 129n Physician, a virtuous, i. 461n Physicians, ii. 203, 376 Pianfu (P’ing-yang fu), ii. 13, 16n, 25n _Piccoli_, ii. 66, 74n Pichalok, ii. 279n Pievtsov, General, i. 188n; expedition, 200n Pigeon posts, i. 438n Pig-shells, ii. 85 Piju (Pei-chau), ii. 141 Pilgrimage, to Adam’s Sepulchre in Ceylon, ii. 319; to Shrine of St. Thomas, 353 “Pillar Road,” ii. 32n Pima (Pim), i. 191, 192n Pinati, king of Kaulam, ii. 380n Pine woods in Mongolian desert, i. 224 —— in South China, ii. 251n P’ing-chang, Fanchán, or second class Minister, i. 432n P’ing-yang fu (Pianfu), ii. 13, 16n, 25n Pinna-Cael (Punnei-Káyal), ii. 372n Pipino, Friar Francesco, _66_, _81_, _95_, _103_, i. 19n, 22n, 23n, 144n, 156n, 395n, ii. 120n, 517n Pirabandi or Bir Pandi (Vira Pandi), ii. 333n–335n Pirada, ii. 305n Pirates of Malabar, ii. 389–390n; Guzerat 392; Tana, 395; Somnath, 400n; Socotra, 407, 410n Piratical customs at Eli, ii. 385, 390n Pistachioes, i. 97, 114n, 125n, 153, 155n Plane, Oriental or Chínár, i. 127, 128n, 131n, 135n, 138n Plano Carpini, _15_, _passim_ Pog, or Fiag River, i. 54n Poison, antidote to, ii. 79 Poisoning guests, custom of, ii. 84n Poisonous pasturage, i. 217, 218n Poison wind, i. 108, 120n Poland, Mongol invasion of, ii. 493n Pole, or Jackdaw on Polo’s scutcheon, _7_ Pole-star, invisible in Java the Less, ii. 284, 292; visible again in India, 382, 389, 392, 397 Police, of Cambaluc, i. 414; Kinsay, 187, 188 Politeness of Chinese, i. 457, 462n Polo, Andrea, grandfather of Marco, _8_, _14_, _26_ —— Antonio, illegitimate son of Elder Marco, _26_ —— Bellela, second daughter, _69_, _71_; died before 1333, _76_, ii. 506n —— Donata, wife of Traveller, _69_, _71_; sale of property to her husband, _30_, ii. 507, 512; death between 1333–1336, _76_; before Council, _77_; may have been Loredano, _69_, _77_, ii. 510n, 512n, 518n, 520n —— or Bragadino, Fantina, eldest daughter of Traveller, _69_, _71_, _76_, ii. 506n, 513n —— Felice, a cousin, _25_, _64_ —— Fiordelisa, wife of last, _25_, _65_ Polo, Fiordelisa, daughter of Maffeo the Younger, _17_, _64_ —— Maffeo, brother of Nicolo, _14_, _15_, _64_; in Kan-chau, i. 220; time of death between 1309 and 1318, _66_ —— Maffeo, brother of Traveller, _15_, _16_; probabilities as to birth, _17_, _18_, _25_; will of, _26_, ii. 510n; abstract from, _64–66_ —— Marco, the elder son of Andrea, Uncle of the Traveller, _14_; his will, _17_, _25_, _26_, i. 4, ii. 510n —— Marco, the Traveller, veracity, perplexities in his biography, _1_; Ramusio’s notices, extracts from, _2_ _seqq._; recognition of his names of places, paralleled with Columbus, _3_, _105_; nicknamed _Millioni_, _6_, _67_; story of his capture at Curzola, _6_; writes his book in prison at Genoa, _6_; release and marriage, _7_; arms, _7_; claim to nobility, _14_; supposed autograph, _ib._; his birth, circumstances of, _15_; is taken to East, _18_; employed by Kúblái, mentioned in Chinese Records, _21_, _see_ i. 420; mission to Yun-nan, _21_; governor of Yang-chau, _22_; employed at Kan-chau, Kara Korum, Champa and Indian Seas, _22_; returns home, _23–24_; mentioned in his Uncle Marco’s will, _25_; commands a galley at Curzola, _46_; taken prisoner and carried to Genoa, _48_; his imprisonment there, _52_; dictates his book to Rusticiano, _52_; release and return to Venice, _52_; evidence as to story of capture, _53–55_; dying vindication of his book, _54_; executor to his brother Maffeo, _64_; record of exemption from municipal penalty, _66_; gives copy of book to T. de Cepoy, _68_; marriage and daughters, _69_; lawsuit with Paulo Girardo, proceeding regarding house property, _70_; illness and last will, _70–74_; probable date of death, _74_; place of burial, _74_; professed portraits of, _75–76_; alleged wealth, _77_; estimate of him and of his book, _104_ _seqq._; true claims to glory, _106_; faint indications of personality, _107_; rare indications of humour, _108_; absence of scientific notions, _109_; geographical data in book, _109_; his acquisition of languages, ignorance of Chinese, deficiencies in Chinese notices, _110_; historical notices, _111_; allusions to Alexander, _113_; incredulity about his stories, _115_; contemporary recognition, _116_ _seqq._; by T. de Cepoy, Friar Pipino, _118_; J. d’Acqui, Giov. Villani, and P. d’Abano, _119_; notice by John of Ypres, _121_; borrowings in poem of Bauduin de Sebourc, _121_ _seqq._; Chaucer and, _128_; influence on geography, obstacles to its effect, _129_; character of mediæval cosmography, _130_; Roger Bacon as geographer, _131_; Arab maps, _132_; Marino Sanudo’s map, _133_; Medicean, _134_; Carta Catalana largely based on Polo’s, _134_; increased appreciation of Polo’s book, _135_; confusions of nomenclature, _136_;