The Travels of Marco Polo — Volume 1 by Marco Polo and da Pisa Rusticiano
CHAPTER XXXVIII.
1307 words | Chapter 296
OF THE PROVINCE OF CHARCHAN.
Charchan is a Province of Great Turkey, lying between north-east
and east. The people worship Mahommet. There are numerous towns and
villages, and the chief city of the kingdom bears its name, Charchan.
The Province contains rivers which bring down Jasper and Chalcedony,
and these are carried for sale into Cathay, where they fetch great
prices. The whole of the Province is sandy, and so is the road all the
way from Pein, and much of the water that you find is bitter and bad.
However, at some places you do find fresh and sweet water. When an army
passes through the land, the people escape with their wives, children,
and cattle a distance of two or three days’ journey into the sandy
waste; and knowing the spots where water is to be had, they are able to
live there, and to keep their cattle alive, whilst it is impossible to
discover them; for the wind immediately blows the sand over their track.
Quitting Charchan, you ride some five days through the sands, finding
none but bad and bitter water, and then you come to a place where the
water is sweet. And now I will tell you of a province called Lop, in
which there is a city, also called LOP, which you come to at the end of
those five days. It is at the entrance of the great Desert, and it is
here that travellers repose before entering on the Desert.{1}
NOTE 1.—Though the _Lake_ of Lob or Lop appears on all our maps,
from Chinese authority, the latter does not seem to have supplied
information as to a town so called. We have, however, indications
of the existence of such a place, both mediæval and recent. The
History of Mirza Haidar, called the Táríkh-i-Rashídí, already
referred to, in describing the Great Basin of Eastern Turkestan,
says: “Formerly there were several large cities in this plain;
the names of two have survived—_Lob_ and _Kank_, but of the rest
there is no trace or tradition; all is buried under the sand.”
[Forsyth (_J. R. G. S._ XLVII. 1877, p. 5) says that he thinks
that this Kank is probably the Katak mentioned by Mirza Haidar.—H.
C.] In another place the same history says that a boy heir of the
house of Chaghatai, to save him from a usurper, was sent away to
Sárígh Uighúr and _Lob-Kank_, far in the East. Again, in the short
notices of the cities of Turkestan which Mr. Wathen collected at
Bombay from pilgrims of those regions on their way to Mecca, we
find the following: “_Lopp_.—Lopp is situated at a great distance
from Yarkand. The inhabitants are principally Chinese; but a few
Uzbeks reside there. Lopp is remarkable for a salt-water lake in
its vicinity.” Johnson, speaking of a road from Tibet into Khotan,
says: “This route ... leads not only to Ilchi and Yarkand, but
also _viâ_ _Lob_ to the large and important city of Karashahr.”
And among the routes attached to Mr. Johnson’s original Report, we
have:—
“Route No. VII. _Kiria_ (see note 1 to last chapter) to CHACHAN and
LOB (_from native information_).”
This first revealed to me the continued existence of Marco’s
Charchan; for it was impossible to doubt that in the CHACHAN and
LOB of this Itinerary we had his Charchan and Lop; and his route to
the verge of the Great Desert was thus made clear.
Mr. Johnson’s information made the journey from Kiria to Charchan
to be 9 marches, estimated by him to amount to 154 miles, and
adding 69 miles from Ilchi to Kiria (which he actually traversed)
we have 13 marches or 223 miles for the distance from Ilchi to
Charchan. Mr. Shaw has since obtained a route between Ilchi and Lob
on very good authority. This makes the distance to Charchan, or
_Charchand_, as it is called, 22 marches, which Mr. Shaw estimates
at 293 miles. Both give 6 marches from Charchand to Lob, which is
in fair accordance with Polo’s 5, and Shaw estimates the whole
distance from Ilchi to Lob at 373, or by another calculation at
384 miles, say roundly 380 miles. This higher estimate is to be
preferred to Mr. Johnson’s for a reason which will appear under
next chapter.
Mr. Shaw’s informant, Rozi of Khotan, who had lived twelve years
at Charchand, described the latter as a small town with a district
extending on both sides of a stream which flows to Lob, _and which
affords Jade_. The people are Musulmans. They grow wheat, Indian
corn, pears, and apples, etc., but no cotton or rice. It stands in
a great plain, but the mountains are not far off. The nature of the
products leads Mr. Shaw to think it must stand a good deal higher
than Ilchi (4000), perhaps at about 6000 feet. I may observe that
the Chinese hydrography of the Kashgar Basin, translated by Julien
in the _N. An. des Voyages_ for 1846 (vol. iii.), seems to imply
that mountains from the south approach within some 20 miles of the
Tarim River, between the longitude of Shayar and Lake Lop. The
people of Lob are Musulman also, but very uncivilised. The Lake is
salt. The hydrography calls it about 200 _li_ (say 66 miles) from
E. to W. and half that from N. to S., and expresses the old belief
that it forms the subterranean source of the Hwang-Ho. Shaw’s
Itinerary shows “salt pools” at six of the stations between Kiria
and Charchand, so Marco’s memory in this also was exact.
_Nia_, a town two marches from Kiria according to Johnson, or
four according to Shaw, is probably the ancient city of Ni-jang
of the ancient Chinese Itineraries, which lay 30 or 40 miles on
the China side of Pima, in the middle of a great marsh, and formed
the eastern frontier of Khotan bordering on the Desert. (_J. R. G.
S._ XXXVII. pp. 13 and 44; also Sir H. Rawlinson in XLII. p. 503;
_Erskine’s Baber and Humayun_, I. 42; _Proc. R. G. S._ vol. xvi.
pp. 244–249; _J. A. S. B._ IV. 656; _H. de la V. de Khotan_, u.s.)
[The Charchan of Marco Polo seems to have been built to the west
of the present oasis, a little south of the road to Kiria, where
ruined houses have been found. It must have been destroyed before
the 16th century, since Mirza Haidar does not mention it. It was
not anterior to the 7th century, as it did not exist at the time of
Hiuen Tsang. (Cf. _Grenard_, III. p. 146.)
Grenard says (pp. 183–184) that he examined the remains of what
is called the old town of Charchan, traces of the ancient canal,
ruins of dwellings deep into the sand, of which the walls built
of large and solid-baked bricks, are pretty well preserved. Save
these bricks, “I found hardly anything, the inhabitants have
pillaged everything long ago. I attempted some excavating, which
turned out to be without result, as far as I was concerned; but
the superstitious natives declared that they were the cause of a
violent storm which took place soon after. There are similar ruins
in the environs, at Yantak Koudouk, at Tatrang, one day’s march
to the north, and at Ouadjchahari at five days to the north-east,
which corresponds to the position assigned to Lop by Marco Polo.”
(See _Grenard’s Haute Asie_ on _Nia_.)
Palladius is quite mistaken (_l.c._ p. 3) in saying that the
“Charchan” of Marco Polo is to be found in the present province of
Karashar. (Cf. _T. W. Kingsmill’s Notes on Marco Polo’s Route from
Khoten to China_, _Chinese Recorder_, VII. pp. 338–343; _Notes on
Doctor Sven Hedin’s Discoveries in the Valley of the Tarim, its
Cities and Peoples_, _China Review_, XXIV. No. II. pp. 59–64.)—H. C.]
Chapters
1. Chapter 1
2. episode, which was afterwards published as a coloured lithograph by
3. 1864. From this point, Yule made a very interesting excursion to the
4. introduction and notes to Wood’s _Journey_. Soon after his return to
5. 1890. Amongst those present were witnesses of every stage of his
6. 1886. Signed M. P. V.)
7. 27. Some details of 13th-Century Galleys. 28. Fighting
8. 32. Battle in Bay of Ayas in 1294. 33. Lamba Doria’s
9. 67. His true claims to glory. 68. His personal attributes
10. 76. Contemporary References to Polo. T. de Cepoy; Pipino;
11. introduction of Block-printed Books into Europe by Marco Polo
12. introduction in the Age following Polo’s.
13. PROLOGUE.
14. 3. _Alau Lord of the Levant (i.e. |Hulaku|)._ 4.
15. 3. _Religious Indifference of the Mongol Princes._
16. 2. _Negropont._ 3. _Mark’s age._
17. 2. _Ramusio’s addition._ 3. _Nature of Marco’s
18. 2. _The Lady Bolgana._ 3. _Passage from Ramusio._
19. 5. _Mortality among the party._ 6. _The Lady Cocachin
20. 5. _Goshawks._ 6. _Fish Miracle._ 7. _Sea of Ghel
21. 4. _The_ Torizi. 5. _Character of City and People._
22. 3. _|Ondanique| or Indian Steel._ 4. _Manufactures of
23. 7. _Second Route between Hormuz and Kerman._
24. 8. _Repeated devastation of the Country from War._ 9.
25. 3. _Khotan._
26. 4. _Prester John._
27. 4. _The five species of Crane described by Polo._ 5.
28. 3. _Leopards._ 4. _The Bamboo Palace. Uses of the
29. 6. _The White Horses. The Oirad Tribe._ 7. _The
30. PART I.
31. 4. _Nayan and his true relationship to Kúblái._
32. 8. _Wide diffusion of the kind of Palace here
33. 12. “Roze de l’açur.” 13. _The Green Mount._ 14.
34. 7. _Addition from Ramusio._
35. 3. _The Buffet of Liquors._ 4. _The superstition of
36. 3. _Tame Lions._
37. 7. _The Kaan’s Great Tents._ 8. _The Sable and
38. 4. _Politeness._ 5. _Filial Piety._ 6. _Pocket
39. 1. Marco Polo’s Itineraries, No. I. WESTERN ASIA. This includes
40. 4. Plan of part of the remains of the same city. Reduced from a
41. 41. Plan of position of DILÁWAR, the supposed site of the Dilavar
42. 114. Marco Polo’s Itineraries, No. II. Routes between KERMAN and
43. 178. Marco Polo’s Itineraries, No. III. Regions on and near the
44. 305. Heading, in the old Chinese seal-character, of an INSCRIPTION
45. 319. The CHO-KHANG. The grand Temple of Buddha at _Lhasa_, from _The
46. 352. “_Table d’Or de Commandement_;” the PAÏZA of the MONGOLS, from
47. 355. Second Example of a Mongol Païza with superscription in the
48. 426. BANK-NOTE of the MING Dynasty, on one-half the scale of the
49. 454. Observatory Instruments of the Jesuits. All these from
50. PROLOGUE.
51. 3. Remains of the Castle of SOLDAIA or Sudák. After _Dubois de
52. 7. Ruins of BOLGHAR. After _Demidoff, Voyage dans la Russie
53. 15. The GREAT KAAN delivering a GOLDEN TABLET to the two elder
54. 18. Plan of ACRE as it was when lost (A.D. 1291). Reduced and
55. 21. Portrait of Pope GREGORY X. After _J. B. de Cavaleriis
56. 37. Ancient CHINESE WAR VESSEL. From the Chinese Encyclopædia
57. 42. Coin of King HETUM I. and Queen ISABEL of Cilician Armenia.
58. 51. Mediæval GEORGIAN FORTRESS. From a drawing by Padre CRISTOFORO
59. 55. View of DERBEND. After a cut from a drawing by M. Moynet in the
60. 61. Coin of BADRUDDÍN LOLO of Mosul (A.H. 620). After _Marsden’s
61. 76. GHÁZÁN Khan’s Mosque at TABRIZ. Borrowed from _Fergusson’s
62. 95. KASHMIR SCARF with animals, etc. After photograph from the
63. 100. Humped Oxen from the Assyrian Sculptures at Kouyunjik. From
64. 102. Portrait of a Hazára. From a Photograph, kindly taken for the
65. 118. Ages. 7 figures, viz., No. 1, The Navicella of Giotto in
66. 134. The _ARBRE SEC_, and _ARBRES DU SOLEIL ET DE LA LUNE_. From
67. 137. The CHINÁR or Oriental Plane, viz., that called the Tree of
68. 147. Portrait of H. H. AGHA KHÁN MEHELÁTI, late representative of
69. 159. Ancient SILVER PATERA of debased Greek Art, formerly in the
70. 167. Ancient BUDDHIST Temple at Pandrethan in KÁSHMIR. Borrowed from
71. 176. Horns of the _OVIS POLI_, or Great Sheep of Pamir. Drawn by
72. 177. Figure of the _OVIS POLI_ or Great Sheep of Pamir. From a
73. 180. Head of a native of KASHGAR. After Verchaguine. From the _Tour
74. 184. View of SAMARKAND. From a Sketch by Mr. D. IVANOFF, engraved
75. 221. Colossal Figure; BUDDHA entering NIRVANA. Sketched by the
76. 222. Great LAMA MONASTERY, viz., that at Jehol. After _Staunton’s
77. 224. The _Kyang_, or WILD ASS of Mongolia. After a plate by Wolf in
78. 230. Entrance to the Erdeni Tso, Great Temple. From MARCEL MONNIER’S
79. 244. Death of Chinghiz Khan. From a Miniature in the _Livre des
80. 253. Dressing up a Tent, from MARCEL MONNIER’S _Tour d’Asie_, by
81. 255. Mediæval TARTAR HUTS and WAGGONS. Drawn by Sig. QUINTO CENNI,
82. 258. Tartar IDOLS and KUMIS Churn. Drawn by the Editor after data in
83. 273. The _SYRRHAPTES PALLASII; Bargherlac_ of Marco Polo. From a
84. 280. REEVES’S PHEASANT. After an engraving in _Wood’s Illustrated
85. 293. The RAMPART of GOG and MAGOG. From a photograph of the Great
86. 307. A PAVILION at Yuen-Ming-Yuen, to illustrate the probable style
87. 317. CHINESE CONJURING Extraordinary. Extracted from an engraving in
88. 326. A TIBETAN BACSI. Sketched from the life by the Editor.
89. 340. NAKKARAS. From a Chinese original in the _Lois des Empereurs
90. 341. NAKKARAS. After one of the illustrations in Blochmann’s edition
91. 352. Seljukian Coin, with the LION and the SUN (A.H. 640). After
92. 355. Sculptured GERFALCON from the Gate of Iconium. Copied from
93. 357. Portrait of the Great KAAN KÚBLÁI. From a Chinese engraving in
94. 367. Ideal Plan of the Ancient Palaces of the Mongol Emperors at
95. 369. The WINTER PALACE at PEKING. Borrowed from _Fergusson’s History
96. 371. View of the “GREEN MOUNT.” From a photograph kindly lent to the
97. 373. The _Yüan ch’eng_. From a photograph kindly lent to the present
98. 376. South GATE of the “IMPERIAL CITY” at Peking. From an original
99. 399. The BÚRGÚT EAGLE. After _Atkinson’s Oriental and Western
100. 409. The TENTS of the EMPEROR K’ien-lung. From a drawing in the
101. 413. Plain of CAMBALUC; the City in the distance; from the hills
102. 458. The Great TEMPLE OF HEAVEN at Peking. From _Michie’s Siberian
103. 463. MARBLE ARCHWAY erected under the MONGOL DYNASTY at Kiu-Yong
104. 1. With all the intrinsic interest of Marco Polo’s Book it may perhaps
105. 2. The first person who attempted to gather and string the facts of
106. 3. “Howbeit, during the last hundred years, persons acquainted
107. 4. Ramusio, then, after a brief apologetic parallel of the marvels
108. prologue of Marco Polo’s book that he had derived from a recent piece
109. 6. “Not many months after the arrival of the travellers at Venice,
110. 7. “The captivity of Messer Marco greatly disturbed the minds
111. 8. “As regards the after duration of this noble and worthy family,
112. 9. The story of the travels of the Polo family opens in 1260.
113. 10. In Asia and Eastern Europe scarcely a dog might bark without
114. 11. For about three centuries the Northern provinces of China had been
115. 12. In India the most powerful sovereign was the Sultan of Delhi,
116. 13. In days when History and Genealogy were allowed to draw largely
117. 14. Till quite recently it had never been precisely ascertained whether
118. 15. Of the three sons of Andrea Polo of S. Felice, Marco seems to have
119. 16. Nicolo Polo, the second of the Brothers, had two legitimate sons,
120. 17. Kúblái had never before fallen in with European gentlemen. He was
121. 18. The Brothers arrived at Acre in April,[10] 1269, and found that
122. 19. The Papal interregnum was the longest known, at least since the
123. 20. Kúblái received the Venetians with great cordiality, and took
124. 21. Arghún Khan of Persia, Kúblái’s great-nephew, had in 1286 lost his
125. 22. The princess, whose enjoyment of her royalty was brief, wept as she
126. 1295. The date assigned to it, however, by Marco (ii. 477) is 1294,
127. 23. We have seen that Ramusio places the scene of the story recently
128. 24. The Court which was known in the 16th century as the Corte del
129. 25. And before entering on this new phase of the Traveller’s biography
130. 26. This system of grouping the oars, and putting only one man to an
131. 27. Returning then to the three-banked and two-banked galleys of the
132. 28. Midships in the mediæval galley a castle was erected, of the width
133. 29. We have already mentioned that Sanudo requires for his three-banked
134. 30. The musicians formed an important part of the equipment. Sanudo
135. 1503. The crew amounted to 200, of whom 150 were for working the
136. 31. Jealousies, too characteristic of the Italian communities, were,
137. 32. Truces were made and renewed, but the old fire still smouldered. In
138. 33. In 1298 the Genoese made elaborate preparations for a great blow at
139. 34. It was on the afternoon of Saturday the 6th September that the
140. 35. The battle began early on Sunday and lasted till the afternoon. The
141. 36. Howsoever they may have been treated, here was Marco Polo one of
142. episode in Polo’s biography.
143. 37. Something further requires to be said before quitting this event in
144. 1278. On this occasion is recorded a remarkable anticipation of
145. 38. We have now to say something of that Rusticiano to whom all who
146. 39. Who, then, was Rusticiano, or, as the name actually is read in the
147. 40. Rustician’s literary work appears from the extracts and remarks of
148. 41. A question may still occur to an attentive reader as to the
149. 42. In Dunlop’s History of Fiction a passage is quoted from the
150. 353. The alleged gift to Rustician is also put forth by D’Israeli
151. 43. A few very disconnected notices are all that can be collected of
152. 44. In 1302 occurs what was at first supposed to be a glimpse of
153. 45. A little later we hear of Marco once more, as presenting a copy of
154. 46. When Marco married we have not been able to ascertain, but it was
155. 47. We catch sight of our Traveller only once more. It is on the 9th of
156. 48. He was buried, no doubt, according to his declared wish, in the
157. 49. From the short series of documents recently alluded to,[28] we
158. 2. He had drafted his will with his own hand, sealed the draft,
159. 3. Appoints as Trustees Messer Maffeo Polo his uncle, Marco Polo
160. 4. Leaves 20 _soldi_ to each of the Monasteries from Grado to Capo
161. 5. To his daughter Fiordelisa 2000 _lire_ to marry her withal. To
162. 6. To his wife Catharine 400 _lire_ and all her clothes as they
163. 7. To his natural daughter Pasqua 400 _lire_ to marry her withal.
164. 8. To his natural brothers Stephen and Giovannino he leaves 500
165. 100. To Fiordelisa, wife of Felix Polo, 100. To Maroca, the
166. 10. To buy Public Debt producing an annual 20 _lire ai grossi_ to
167. 11. Should his wife prove with child and bear a son or sons they
168. 12. If he have no male heir his Brother Marco shall have the
169. 13. Should Daughter Fiordelisa die unmarried her 2000 _lire_ and
170. 14. Should his wife bear him a male heir or heirs, but these should
171. 15. Should his wife bear a daughter and she die unmarried, her
172. 16. Should the whole amount of his property between cash and goods
173. 1342. And some years later we have in the Sicilian Archives an
174. 50. The Book itself consists essentially of Two Parts. _First_, of
175. 51. As regards the language in which Marco’s Book was first
176. 52. The French Text that we have been quoting, published by the
177. 53. Another circumstance, heretofore I believe unnoticed, is in itself
178. 54. But, after all, the circumstantial evidence that has been adduced
179. 55. In treating of the various Texts of Polo’s Book we must necessarily
180. 56. II. The next Type is that of the French MSS. on which M. Pauthier’s
181. 57. There is another curious circumstance about the MSS. of this
182. 58. III. The next Type of Text is that found in Friar Pipino’s Latin
183. 59. The absence of effective publication in the Middle Ages led to a
184. 60. IV. We now come to a Type of Text which deviates largely from
185. 61. Thus we find substituted for the _Bastra_ (or _Bascra_) of the
186. 62. Of circumstances certainly genuine, which are peculiar to this
187. 63. Though difficulties will certainly remain,[17] the most probable
188. 64. To sum up. It is, I think, beyond reasonable dispute that we
189. 65. Whilst upon this subject of manuscripts of our Author, I will give
190. 1. The mention of the death of Kúblái (see note 7, p. 38 of this
191. 2. Mr. Hugh Murray objects that whilst in the old texts Polo
192. 3. The same editor points to the manner in which one of the
193. 1. In the chapter on Georgia:
194. 3. After the chapter on Mosul is another short chapter, already
195. 4. In the chapter on _Tarcan_ (for Carcan, _i.e._ Yarkand):
196. 5. In the Desert of Lop:
197. 7. “Et in medio hujus viridarii est palacium sive logia, _tota
198. 66. That Marco Polo has been so universally recognised as the King of
199. 67. Surely Marco’s real, indisputable, and, in their kind, unique
200. 68. What manner of man was Ser Marco? It is a question hard to answer.
201. 69. Of scientific notions, such as we find in the unveracious
202. 70. The Book, however, is full of bearings and distances, and I have
203. 71. In the early part of the Book we are told that Marco acquired
204. 72. A question naturally suggests itself, how far Polo’s narrative,
205. 73. On the other hand, though Marco, who had left home at fifteen
206. 74. We have seen in the most probable interpretation of the nickname
207. Introduction, p. 55.) There is a curious parallel between the two
208. 75. But we must return for a little to Polo’s own times. Ramusio
209. 76. Of contemporary or nearly contemporary references to our Traveller
210. 77. Lastly, we learn from a curious passage in a medical work by PIETRO
211. 78. There is, however, a notable work which is ascribed to a rather
212. 79. Marco Polo contributed such a vast amount of new facts to the
213. 80. As regards the second cause alleged, we may say that down nearly to
214. 81. Even Ptolemy seems to have been almost unknown; and indeed had his
215. 82. Among the Arabs many able men, from the early days of Islám,
216. 83. Some distinct trace of acquaintance with the Arabian Geography is
217. 84. The first genuine mediæval attempt at a geographical construction
218. 85. In the following age we find more frequent indications that Polo’s
219. 86. The Maps of Mercator (1587) and Magini (1597) are similar in
220. 87. Before concluding, it may be desirable to say a few words on the
221. 88. Mr. Curzon’s own observations, which I have italicised about
222. 89. It remains to say a few words regarding the basis adopted for our
223. 90. It will be clear from what has been said in the preceding pages
224. 91. As regards the reading of proper names and foreign words, in which
225. PROLOGUE.
226. CHAPTER I.
227. CHAPTER II.
228. CHAPTER III.
229. CHAPTER IV.
230. CHAPTER V.
231. CHAPTER VI.
232. CHAPTER VII.
233. CHAPTER VIII.
234. CHAPTER IX.
235. CHAPTER X.
236. CHAPTER XI.
237. 1276. His character stood high to the last, and some of the
238. CHAPTER XII.
239. CHAPTER XIII.
240. CHAPTER XIV.
241. CHAPTER XV.
242. CHAPTER XVI.
243. CHAPTER XVII.
244. CHAPTER XVIII.
245. CHAPTER I.
246. 1198. The kingdom was at its zenith under Hetum or Hayton I.,
247. CHAPTER II.
248. CHAPTER III.
249. CHAPTER IV.
250. 1870. He wore the Russian uniform, and bore the title of Prince
251. CHAPTER V.
252. CHAPTER VI.
253. CHAPTER VII.
254. CHAPTER VIII.
255. CHAPTER IX.
256. CHAPTER X.
257. CHAPTER XI.
258. CHAPTER XII.
259. CHAPTER XIII.
260. CHAPTER XIV.
261. CHAPTER XV.
262. CHAPTER XVI.
263. CHAPTER XVII.
264. CHAPTER XVIII.
265. CHAPTER XIX.
266. 1. From Kermán across a plain to the top of a
267. 3. A great plain, called _Reobarles_, in a much warmer
268. 5. A well-watered fruitful plain, which is crossed to
269. 1. From Kermán to the caravanserai of Deh Bakri in the
270. 2. Two miles _over very deep snow_ brought him to the
271. 3. “Clumps of date-palms growing near the village showed
272. 4. 6½ hours, “nearly the whole way over a most difficult
273. 5. Two long marches over a plain, part of which is
274. 1862. More recently Major St. John has shown the magnitude of this
275. CHAPTER XX.
276. CHAPTER XXI.
277. CHAPTER XXII.
278. CHAPTER XXIII.
279. CHAPTER XXIV.
280. 1113. Maudúd, Prince of Mosul, in the chief Mosque of Damascus.
281. CHAPTER XXV.
282. 1262. Neither is right, nor certainly could Polo have meant the
283. 1256. But an army had been sent long in advance under “one of
284. CHAPTER XXVI.
285. CHAPTER XXVII.
286. CHAPTER XXVIII.
287. CHAPTER XXIX.
288. CHAPTER XXX.
289. CHAPTER XXXI.
290. CHAPTER XXXII.
291. CHAPTER XXXIII.
292. CHAPTER XXXIV.
293. CHAPTER XXXV.
294. CHAPTER XXXVI.
295. CHAPTER XXXVII.
296. CHAPTER XXXVIII.
297. CHAPTER XXXIX.
298. CHAPTER XL.
299. CHAPTER XLI.
300. CHAPTER XLII.
301. 1. Klaproth states that the Mongols applied to Tibet the name of
302. 2. Professor Vámbéry thinks that it is probably _Chingin Tala_,
303. CHAPTER XLIII.
304. CHAPTER XLIV.
305. CHAPTER XLV.
306. CHAPTER XLVI.
307. CHAPTER XLVII.
308. CHAPTER XLVIII.
309. CHAPTER XLIX.
310. CHAPTER L.
311. CHAPTER LI.
312. 1464. [_Hwang ming ts’ung sin lu_.] In the time of the present
313. CHAPTER LII.
314. CHAPTER LIII.
315. CHAPTER LIV.
316. CHAPTER LV.
317. CHAPTER LVI.
318. 1860. From the last our cut is taken.
319. CHAPTER LVII.
320. CHAPTER LVIII.
321. CHAPTER LIX.
322. CHAPTER LX.
323. 1. Radde mentions as a rare crane in South Siberia _Grus monachus_,
324. 2. _Grus leucogeranus_ (?) whose chief habitat is Siberia, but
325. 4. The colour of the pendants varies in the texts. Pauthier’s and
326. 5. Certainly the Indian _Sáras_ (vulgo Cyrus), or _Grus antigone_,
327. CHAPTER LXI.
328. CHAPTER I.
329. CHAPTER II.
330. 1287. What followed will be found in a subsequent note (ch. iv.
331. CHAPTER III.
332. CHAPTER IV.
333. CHAPTER V.
334. CHAPTER VI.
335. CHAPTER VII.
336. CHAPTER VIII.
337. CHAPTER IX.
338. CHAPTER X.
339. CHAPTER XI.
340. CHAPTER XII.
341. CHAPTER XIII.
342. CHAPTER XIV.
343. CHAPTER XV.
344. CHAPTER XVI.
345. CHAPTER XVII.
346. CHAPTER XVIII.
347. CHAPTER XIX.
348. CHAPTER XX.
349. CHAPTER XXI.
350. CHAPTER XXII.
351. CHAPTER XXIII.
352. CHAPTER XXIV.
353. CHAPTER XXV.
354. CHAPTER XXVI.
355. 200. And if there chance to be some river or lake to be passed by the
356. CHAPTER XXVII.
357. CHAPTER XXVIII.
358. CHAPTER XXIX.
359. CHAPTER XXX.
360. CHAPTER XXXI.
361. CHAPTER XXXII.
362. CHAPTER XXXIII.
363. CHAPTER XXXIV.
364. Prologue, note 1.
365. introduction of plants from Asia into China, 16n;
366. introduction of block-printing into Europe and Polo, _138–141_;
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