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Concrete Construction: Methods and Costs by Gillette and Hill

CHAPTER IX.

251 words  |  Chapter 54

METHODS AND COST OF FORM CONSTRUCTION. Concrete being a plastic material when deposited requires molds or forms to give it the shape required and to maintain it in that shape until it has hardened to sufficient strength to require no exterior support. The material used in constructing forms is wood. Beyond the use of metal molds for building blocks for sewer construction and for ornamental and a few architectural shapes, iron and steel are used in form construction only as ties and clamps to hold parts of wood forms together--except in rare instances. A discussion of form construction, therefore, is essentially a discussion of wood forms. Before taking up this discussion, however, attention deserves to be called to the opportunities for the development of metal forms. Lumber is costly and is growing more scarce and costly all the time. A substitute which can be repeatedly used and whose durability and salvage value are great presents itself in steel if only a system of form units can be devised which is reasonably adjustable to varying conditions. Cylindrical steel column molds have been used to some extent and are discussed in Chapter XIX. In Chapter XVI we describe a steel form for side walls of a tunnel lining. In some building work done in the northwest corrugated steel panels or sheets have been used as lagging for floor slab centers. A number of styles of metal forms or centers for sewer and tunnel work have been devised and used and are discussed in
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Chapters

1. Chapter 1 2. CHAPTER I.--METHODS AND COST OF SELECTING AND PREPARING 3. CHAPTER II.--THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PROPORTIONING CONCRETE. 25 4. CHAPTER III.--METHODS AND COSTS OF MAKING AND PLACING 5. CHAPTER IV.--METHODS AND COST OF MAKING AND PLACING 6. Introduction--Conveying and Hoisting Devices--Unloading with Grab 7. CHAPTER V.--METHODS AND COST OF DEPOSITING CONCRETE 8. Introduction--Depositing in Closed Buckets; O'Rourke Bucket; Cyclopean 9. CHAPTER VI.--METHODS AND COST OF MAKING AND USING RUBBLE 10. Introduction--Rubble Concrete: Chattahoochee River Dam; Barossa 11. CHAPTER VII.--METHODS AND COST OF LAYING CONCRETE IN 12. Introduction--Lowering the Freezing Point of the Mixing Water; Common 13. CHAPTER VIII.--METHODS AND COST OF FINISHING CONCRETE 14. Introduction--Effect of Design on Form Work--Kind of Lumber--Finish and 15. CHAPTER X.--METHODS AND COST OF CONCRETE PILE AND PIER 16. Introduction--Molding Piles in Place; Method of Constructing Raymond 17. CHAPTER XI.--METHODS AND COST OF HEAVY CONCRETE WORK 18. Introduction--Fortification Work: Gun Emplacement, Staten Island, N. Y., 19. CHAPTER XII.--METHODS AND COST OF CONSTRUCTING BRIDGE 20. Introduction--Rectangular Pier for a Railway Bridge--Backing for 21. CHAPTER XIII.--METHODS AND COST OF CONSTRUCTING RETAINING 22. Introduction--Comparative Economy of Plain and Reinforced Concrete 23. CHAPTER XIV.--METHODS AND COST OF CONSTRUCTING CONCRETE 24. Introduction--Mixtures Employed--Distribution of Stock Piles--Hints on 25. CHAPTER XV.--METHODS AND COST OF CONSTRUCTING SIDEWALKS, 26. Introduction--~Cement Sidewalks:~ General Method of Construction--Bonding 27. CHAPTER XVI.--METHODS AND COST OF LINING TUNNELS AND 28. Introduction--Capitol Hill Tunnel, Pennsylvania R. R., Washington, D. 29. CHAPTER XVII.--METHODS AND COST OF CONSTRUCTING ARCH 30. Introduction--Centers--Mixing and Transporting Concrete; Cableway 31. Introduction--Box Culvert Construction, C., B. & Q. R. R.--Arch Culvert 32. CHAPTER XIX.--METHODS AND COST OF REINFORCED CONCRETE 33. Introduction--Construction, Erection and Removal of Forms: Column Forms; 34. CHAPTER XX.--METHOD AND COST OF BUILDING CONSTRUCTION 35. Introduction--Column, Girder and Slab Construction: Warehouses, 36. CHAPTER XXI.--METHODS AND COST OF AQUEDUCT AND SEWER 37. Introduction--Forms and Centers--Concreting--Reinforced Conduit, Salt 38. CHAPTER XXII.--METHODS AND COST OF CONSTRUCTING RESERVOIRS 39. Introduction--Small Covered Reservoir--500,000 Gallon Covered Reservoir, 40. CHAPTER XXIII.--METHODS AND COST OF CONSTRUCTING ORNAMENTAL 41. Introduction--Separately Molded Ornaments: Wooden Molds; Iron Molds; 42. Introduction--Drilling and Blasting Concrete--Bench Monuments, Chicago, 43. CHAPTER XXV.--METHODS AND COST OF WATERPROOFING CONCRETE 44. CHAPTER I. 45. CHAPTER II. 46. CHAPTER III. 47. CHAPTER IV. 48. 15. The trestle work was made of 12×12-in. timbers and was approximately 49. CHAPTER V. 50. CHAPTER VI. 51. part 1/8 to ½-in. stone or screenings. The sand was one-half river sand 52. CHAPTER VII. 53. CHAPTER VIII. 54. CHAPTER IX. 55. Chapter XXI. Despite this considerable use of metal for special forms 56. Chapter XIX, showing the reduction in lumber cost coming from using the 57. CHAPTER X. 58. CHAPTER XI. 59. 75. Three shifts were worked, each composed as specified for the guard 60. 84. The scow was loaded with sufficient sand and cement for a day's work 61. CHAPTER XII. 62. CHAPTER XIII. 63. 102. In fastening the forms with ties the choice is usually between long 64. Chapter VIII. 65. CHAPTER XIV. 66. CHAPTER XV. 67. Chapter II we can estimate the quantity of cement required for any given 68. CHAPTER XVI. 69. CHAPTER XVII. 70. 155. The exact construction of the forms for one of the larger slabs is 71. CHAPTER XVIII. 72. CHAPTER XIX. 73. Chapter IV. 74. CHAPTER XX. 75. 3. One full depth side form and the side of girder No. 2 formed the mold 76. CHAPTER XXI. 77. CHAPTER XXII. 78. CHAPTER XXIII. 79. 289. Referring first to the end posts, it will be seen that they were 80. CHAPTER XXIV. 81. CHAPTER XXV.

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