All about coffee by William H. Ukers
16. _Crude Fiber--Official_
318 words | Chapter 88
Prepare solutions of sulphuric acid and sodium hydroxid of exactly
1.25-percent strength, determined by titration. Extract a quantity of
the substance representing about 2 grams of the dry material with
ordinary ether, or use residue from the determination of the ether
extract. To this residue in a 500-cc. flask add 200 cc. of boiling
1.25-percent sulphuric acid; connect the flask with a reflux condenser,
the tube of which passes only a short distance beyond the rubber stopper
into the flask, or simply cover a tall conical flask, which is well
suited for this determination, with a watch glass or short stemmed
funnel. Boil at once and continue boiling gently for thirty minutes. A
blast of air conducted into the flask may serve to reduce the frothing
of the liquid. Filter through linen, and wash with boiling water until
the washings are no longer acid; rinse the substance back into the flask
with 200 cc. of the boiling 1.25-percent solution of sodium hydroxid
free, or nearly so, of sodium carbonate; boil at once and continue
boiling gently for thirty minutes in the same manner as directed above
for the treatment with acid. Filter at once rapidly, wash with boiling
water until the washings are neutral. The last filtration may be
performed upon a Gooch crucible, a linen filter, or a tared filter
paper. If a linen filter is used, rinse the crude fiber, after washing
is completed, into a flat-bottomed platinum dish by means of a jet of
water; evaporate to dryness on a steam bath, dry to constant weight at
110° C., weigh, incinerate completely, and weigh again. The loss in
weight is considered to be crude fiber. If a tared filter paper is used,
weigh in a weighing bottle. In any case, the crude fiber after drying to
constant weight at 110° C., must be incinerated and the amount of the
ash deducted from the original weight.
Chapters
1. Chapter 1
2. CHAPTER I
3. CHAPTER II
4. CHAPTER III
5. INTRODUCTION OF COFFEE INTO WESTERN EUROPE
6. CHAPTER V
7. CHAPTER VI
8. CHAPTER VII
9. CHAPTER VIII
10. CHAPTER IX
11. CHAPTER X
12. CHAPTER XI
13. INTRODUCTION OF COFFEE INTO NORTH AMERICA
14. CHAPTER XIII
15. CHAPTER XIV
16. CHAPTER XV
17. CHAPTER XVI
18. CHAPTER XVII
19. CHAPTER XVIII
20. CHAPTER XIX
21. CHAPTER XX
22. CHAPTER XXI
23. CHAPTER XXII
24. CHAPTER XXIII
25. CHAPTER XXIV
26. CHAPTER XXV
27. CHAPTER XXVI
28. CHAPTER XXVII
29. CHAPTER XXVIII
30. CHAPTER XXIX
31. CHAPTER XXX
32. CHAPTER XXXI
33. CHAPTER XXXII
34. CHAPTER XXXIII
35. CHAPTER XXXIV
36. CHAPTER XXXV
37. CHAPTER XXXVI
38. CHAPTER I
39. 3. The foreign forms are unstressed and have no _h_. The original _v_ or
40. CHAPTER II
41. introduction of coffee into Martinique, with particular reference to
42. 1840. In 1852 coffee cultivation was begun in Salvador with plants
43. CHAPTER III
44. 1517. The drink continued its progress through Syria, and was received
45. INTRODUCTION OF COFFEE INTO WESTERN EUROPE
46. 1576. He was the first European to mention coffee; and to him also
47. 1671. It was written in Latin by Antoine Faustus Nairon (1635-1707),
48. CHAPTER V
49. introduction to France.
50. CHAPTER VI
51. CHAPTER VII
52. CHAPTER VIII
53. CHAPTER IX
54. CHAPTER X
55. 1665. It was a ten-page pamphlet, and proved to be excellent propaganda
56. 1675. It forbade the coffee houses to operate after January 10, 1676.
57. 1783. Among the most notable members were Johnson, the arbiter of
58. chapter XXXII)]
59. CHAPTER XI
60. 1657. One account says that a decoction, supposed to have been coffee,
61. INTRODUCTION OF COFFEE INTO NORTH AMERICA
62. 1691. Twenty-seven years later, his widow, Mary Gutteridge, petitioned
63. CHAPTER XIII
64. CHAPTER XIV
65. 1700. Watson, in one place in his _Annals_ of the city, says 1700, but
66. 1766. Here, too, for several years the fishermen set up May poles.
67. CHAPTER XV
68. CHAPTER XVI
69. chapter XV, destroyed Ceylon's once prosperous coffee industry. As it
70. 1. under surface of affected leaf, x 1/2; 2, section through same
71. CHAPTER XVII
72. 1750. Fresh chicory[183] contains about 77 percent water, 7.5 gummy
73. 1. _Macroscopic Examination--Tentative_
74. 2. _Coloring Matters--Tentative_
75. 3. _Macroscopic Examination--Tentative_
76. 4. _Preparation of Sample--Official_
77. 5. _Moisture--Tentative_
78. 6. _Soluble Solids--Tentative_
79. 7. _Ash--Official_
80. 8. _Ash Insoluble in Acid--Official_
81. 9. _Soluble and Insoluble Ash--Official_
82. 10. _Alkalinity of the Soluble Ash--Official_
83. 11. _Soluble Phosphoric Acid in the Ash--Official_
84. 12. _Insoluble Phosphoric Acid in the Ash--Official_
85. 13. _Chlorides--Official_
86. 14. _Caffein--The Fendler and Stüber Method--Tentative_
87. 15. _Caffein--Power-Chestnut Method--Official_
88. 16. _Crude Fiber--Official_
89. 17. _Starch--Tentative_
90. 18. _Sugars--Tentative_
91. 19. _Petroleum Ether Extract--Official_
92. 20. _Total Acidity--Tentative_
93. 21. _Volatile Acidity--Tentative_
94. 22. _Protein_
95. 23. _Ten Percent Extract--McGill Method_
96. 24. _Caffetannic Acid--Krug's Method_[187]
97. CHAPTER XVIII
98. 114. Her principal food was coffee, of which she took daily as many
99. 3. Typewriting
100. 5. Opposites St. St. St. None 2.5-3 Next
101. 6. Calculation St. St. St. None 2.5 Next
102. 8. Cancellation Ret. ? St. None 3-5 No
103. 9. S-W illusion 0 0 0
104. 13. General health and conditions of
105. CHAPTER XIX
106. CHAPTER XX
107. 1875. The lowest annual production was 20,280,589 pounds in 1818. The
108. 1919. Only 2,200 pounds were produced in 1917. However, the climate and
109. CHAPTER XXI
110. CHAPTER XXII
111. 1723. Seven years later, 472,000 pounds were shipped; and in 1732-33
112. 5. Belgium 11.06 10. France 7.74
113. 1919. The imports in 1913 were more than 40,000,000 pounds, in 1914 more
114. CHAPTER XXIII
115. 1. From Cucuta, it travels thirty-five miles by railroad to Puerto
116. 2. At Puerto Villamizar it is loaded into small, flat-bottomed, steel
117. 3. At Encontrados the cargo is loaded on river steamboats more or less
118. 4. At Maracaibo it is taken by ocean vessel, which either carries it
119. 1919. Seats are now (1922) worth about $6,000.
120. CHAPTER XXIV
121. 1890. Ceylon coffees are classified commercially as "native",
122. CHAPTER XXV
123. CHAPTER XXVI
124. CHAPTER XXVII
125. 1. Charge interest on the net amount of the total investment at the
126. 2. Charge rental on real estate or buildings at a rate equal to
127. 3. Charge, in addition to what is paid for hired help, an amount
128. 4. Charge depreciation on all goods carried over on which a less
129. 5. Charge depreciation on buildings, tools, fixtures, or anything
130. 7. Charge all fixed expenses, such as taxes, insurance, water,
131. 8. Charge all incidental expenses, such as drayage, postage, office
132. 9. Charge losses of every character, including goods stolen, or
133. 12. When it is ascertained what the sum of all the foregoing items
134. 13. Take this percent and deduct it from the price of any article
135. 14. Go over the selling prices of the various articles and see what
136. CHAPTER XXVIII
137. introduction of Ariosa by John Arbuckle in 1873. Some of the early
138. 1. The intrinsic desirability of coffee--the actual pleasure to be
139. 2. That it is delightful medium for social intercourse--part of the
140. 3. That its proper service is a badge of social distinction--the mark of
141. CHAPTER XXIX
142. chapter XXIII, telling how green coffees are bought and sold.
143. 1911. The complete story of the growth of this most important coffee
144. CHAPTER XXX
145. 1919. In 1920, there was a falling off to 137,000,000 pounds, and it may
146. 1902. John Wilde died in 1914.
147. 1848. Among them were: Beard & Cummings. 281 Front Street; Henry B.
148. 1899. The business was incorporated by his children under the same name
149. 1875. Then he was a clerk for Park & Tilford, office man with Arbuckle
150. 1888. James S. Sanborn died in 1903, and Charles E. Sanborn died two
151. 1851. Calvin Durand entered the firm in 1879, and the name was changed
152. 1911. Durand & Kasper merged, 1921, with Henry Horner & Co. and McNeil &
153. 1882. Mr. Blair retired in 1913, and W.S. Rice was elected president. He
154. 1919. O.S.A. Sprague died in 1909, Ezra J. Warner Sr. in 1910, and
155. 1919. Since that time, his son, Jerome J., has carried on the business,
156. 1919. In this year a new corporation, called the Heekin Company, was
157. 1896. The business was incorporated in 1901 as the J.G. Flint Co., with
158. 1878. Henry A. continued the business until 1881, when Francis Widlar
159. 1921. The firm first roasted coffee in 1891. Prior to that time it had
160. 1916. The business is now (1922) carried on by W.E. and Jay E. Tone.
161. CHAPTER XXXI
162. 1869. A wool concern engaged him as buyer, and for about six years he
163. CHAPTER XXXII
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