CHAPTER XXVI

FOR LAWYERS In the days when Marshall and Story, on the bench of the Supreme Court at Washington, were listening to Webster’s thunder; when Chancellor Kent was scrutinizing precedents in New York, and Rufus Choate quoting Justinian at Salem, success at the bar depended upon elaborate rhetoric and a close study of the Reports. To-day, sound advice is in greater demand than brilliant oratory, and questions of fact are, as a rule, more important and more perplexing than questions of law. The Britannica is the one great Digest of Facts. Its articles cover all scientific, industrial, commercial and financial subjects. Fifteen hundred of the world’s foremost specialists, chosen from twenty different countries, deal not only with all knowledge, but with the practical application of knowledge in the laboratory, the machine shop, in the mine, on the ship’s deck and in the ship’s engine-room, in the railroad office and on the railroad line. Bankers and engineers, builders and contractors, physicians and surgeons and manufacturers of every kind describe the work which they have themselves successfully done. They explain to the lawyer the details of his client’s own business, which the client is almost always incapable of explaining. They enable the lawyer to test his client’s knowledge and his client’s good faith. They show the lawyer what he has to hope or to dread from expert evidence. [Sidenote: The Volumes as Used by Lawyers] In a mining town in Alaska, where the workmen were mostly Servians, a lawyer recently had an unusual case. The Servians had a church, which in the absence of the Servian priest, was in the charge of a father or “papa” of the Russian orthodox church, and he tried to exclude from their church the entire congregation because they disobeyed him. The lawyer brought into court the Encyclopaedia Britannica to prove the independence of the Servian Church from the authority of the Russian Church. The Britannica was recognized as an authority by the court, and the Servian congregation won its suit for the use of its church building. A Buffalo lawyer in a recent letter to the publishers of the Britannica told of his being retained in a case involving the qualities of materials used in the construction of automatic car couplers. He read many technical works to get information on this subject, but “the article that to me was most instructive was that on IRON AND STEEL in the Encyclopaedia Britannica.” He adds, “In my opinion the work is invaluable to any person who desires the means of handy reference to, and accurate information on, any topic.” Similar testimony from lawyers all over the world to the usefulness of the Britannica could be adduced in great volume. A brief reference to the different parts of this Guide will show in a general way the contents and value of the Britannica in the many fields in which an attorney may need, in connection with the preparation of a case, immediate and authoritative information on subjects not purely legal. But on legal topics, also, the lawyer or the law student will find much valuable information. [Sidenote: American Law] He should read the stimulating and suggestive article on AMERICAN LAW (Vol. 1, p. 828), by Simeon E. Baldwin, governor of Connecticut, professor of constitutional and private international law at Yale, and formerly chief justice of the Supreme Court of Errors, Connecticut. Governor Baldwin’s article points out the general identity of origin of American and English law, with the important exception of territory formerly French or Spanish,—particularly Louisiana,—a point on which the reader will find fuller information in the articles LOUISIANA (Vol. 17, p. 57) and EDWARD LIVINGSTON (Vol. 16, p. 811). Besides he calls attention to the fact that the state and not the nation is for the most part the legislative unit and the legislative authority. And this leads to a consideration of the great part played in American jurisprudence by the Civil War and the consequent changes in the Federal Constitution, especially the Fourteenth Amendment, which has been the basis of so many recent cases in the Supreme Court and has “readjusted and reset the whole system of the American law of personal rights” by transferring final jurisdiction from state to Federal courts. Within the Southern states the Reconstruction period affected local law in various ways: by putting political power into the hands of outsiders (“carpet baggers,” etc.), by the social revolution consequent on the abolition of slavery, and by the commercial assimilation of the South to the North. Governor Baldwin points out that the judicial department has been made partly administrative by the artificial distribution under most state constitutions of governmental powers into executive, legislative and judicial, overlooking the administrative, and making the courts the interpreters of statutes and giving to them the power of deciding whether or not statutes are constitutional. That the police powers of the states are more and more liberally interpreted by the Federal Supreme Court is an interesting tendency, especially when the student remembers that in the last year or so certain states (notably Washington, c. 74, _Laws_ 1911, Compensation of Injured Workmen) have definitely stated the police power as the basis of acts which the state supreme court might otherwise have declared unconstitutional as depriving of property without due process of law. The article on American law is supplemented: (a) in a general way by the valuable contribution of James Bryce (author of _The American Commonwealth_, and late British ambassador to the United States) on the Constitution and Government of the United States and of the states (Vol. 27, p. 646—an article which would fill about 50 pages of this Guide). [Sidenote: State Statutes] (b) more particularly, under the articles on the separate states (as well as on Alaska, Hawaii, Philippines and Porto Rico), by the description of the state or local constitution with an outline of characteristic and peculiar statutes. For instance, in the article ALABAMA (Vol. 1, p. 459), the first in the Britannica on a separate state of the Union, there is a general sketch of the constitution and government with particular attention to these points: term of judiciary, 6 years; legislative sessions, quadrennial; law against lobbying; executive may not succeed himself; sheriffs whose prisoners are lynched may be impeached; grandfather clause, practically disfranchising the negro—with a summary of Giles _v._ Harris, 189 U. S. 474; Jim Crow law; disfranchisement for vote-buying or selling; Australian ballot law; anti-pass law; freight rebate law; homestead exemptions; wife’s earnings separate property; women and child labour laws; peonage; liquor laws. (c) by special articles, such as HOMESTEAD AND EXEMPTION LAWS (Vol. 13, p. 639), ORIGINAL PACKAGE (Vol. 20, p. 273) and INTERSTATE COMMERCE (Vol. 14, p. 711; equal to about 10 pages of this Guide), by Prof. Frank A. Fetter of Princeton (formerly Cornell), which deal with purely American legal topics. (d) by legal sections in general economic articles, for instance: in RAILWAYS, the section on _American Legislation_, by Prof. F. H. Dixon of Dartmouth, author of _State Railroad Control_; in TRUSTS, by Prof. J. W. Jenks, the great American authority on the subject; in EMPLOYERS’ LIABILITY; in TRADE UNIONS and in STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS, both by Carroll D. Wright, late U. S. Commissioner of Labor; BANKRUPTCY, by Edward Manson, author of _Law of Bankruptcy_; and in INSURANCE (Vol. 14, especially p. 662 c). (e) by general legal articles like: COMMON LAW; CRIMINAL LAW, by W. F. Craies, editor of Archbold _On Criminal Pleading_; LIQUOR LAWS, by Arthur Shadwell, author of _Drink, Temperance and Legislation_; MEDICAL JURISPRUDENCE, by H. H. Littlejohn, professor of forensic medicine in the University of Edinburgh; MILITARY LAW, by Sir John Scott, former deputy judge-advocate-general, British Army; NAVIGATION LAWS, by James Williams, of Lincoln College, Oxford; PRESS LAWS; SEAMEN, LAWS, RELATING TO, etc. and (f) by sections and paragraphs on American law in hundreds of articles on legal topics—for list see below. [Sidenote: Biographies of Lawyers] The following list of American jurists does not include all American lawyers about whom there are separate articles in the Britannica, but will serve to suggest a brief course of biographical readings which the lawyer could not duplicate even in a special and expensive work on the American bar: SAMUEL SEWALL (Vol. 24, p. 733) JOHN RUTLEDGE (Vol. 23, p. 945) SAMUEL CHASE (Vol. 5, p. 956) FRANCIS DANA (Vol. 7, p. 792) JOHN LOWELL (Vol. 17, p. 76) OLIVER ELLSWORTH (Vol. 9, p. 294) JOHN JAY (Vol. 15, p. 294) ROBERT R. LIVINGSTON (Vol. 16, p. 812) LUTHER MARTIN (Vol. 17, p. 794) THEOPHILUS PARSONS (Vol. 20, p. 868) JOHN MARSHALL (Vol. 17, p. 770) EDMUND RANDOLPH (Vol. 22, p. 886) JAMES KENT (Vol. 15, p. 735) EDWARD LIVINGSTON (Vol. 16, p. 811) BUSHROD WASHINGTON (Vol. 28, p. 344) ROGER BROOKE TANEY (Vol. 26, p. 396) SAMUEL HOAR (Vol. 13, p. 542) HORACE BINNEY (Vol. 3, p. 949) JAMES WILSON (Vol. 28, p. 693) WILLIAM PINKNEY (Vol. 21, p. 627) LEMUEL SHAW (Vol. 24, p. 813) DANIEL WEBSTER (Vol. 28, p. 459) SIMON GREENLEAF (Vol. 12, p. 548) HENRY WHEATON (Vol. 28, p. 583) RICHARD RUSH (Vol. 23, p. 857) JOHN BOUVIER (Vol. 4, p. 336) JOSEPH STORY (Vol. 25, p. 969) LEVI WOODBURY (Vol. 28, p. 790) JAMES HALL (Vol. 12, p. 847) REVERDY JOHNSON (Vol. 15, p. 462) HUGH S. LEGARÉ (Vol. 16, p. 373) RUFUS CHOATE (Vol. 6, p. 258) BENJAMIN F. BUTLER (Vol. 4, p. 881) DAVID DUDLEY FIELD (Vol. 10, p. 321) S. P. CHASE (Vol. 5, p. 955) JOHN J. CRITTENDEN (Vol. 7, p. 471) HAMILTON FISH (Vol. 10, p. 427) BENJAMIN R. CURTIS (Vol. 7, p. 652) J. S. BLACK (Vol. 4, p. 18) JUDAH P. BENJAMIN (Vol. 3, p. 739) JOHN Y. MASON (Vol. 17, p. 840) GEORGE TICKNOR CURTIS (Vol. 7, p. 651) R. H. DANA (Vol. 7, p. 792) SAMUEL J. TILDEN (Vol. 26, p. 970) SAMUEL F. MILLER (Vol. 18, p. 464). STEPHEN J. FIELD (Vol. 10, p. 322) W. M. EVARTS (Vol. 10, p. 4) FRANCIS WHARTON (Vol. 28, p. 575) MORRISON R. WAITE (Vol. 28, p. 246) T. W. DWIGHT (Vol. 8, p. 741) E. J. PHELPS (Vol. 21, p. 363) STANLEY MATTHEWS (Vol. 17, p. 899) L. Q. C. LAMAR (Vol. 16, p. 100) C. C. LANGDELL (Vol. 16, p. 172) D. W. VOORHEES (Vol. 28, p. 211) T. F. BAYARD (Vol. 3, p. 554) HORACE GRAY (Vol. 12, p. 391) JOSEPH HODGES CHOATE (Vol. 6, p. 258) MELVILLE W. FULLER (Vol. 11, p. 296) WAYNE MACVEAGH (Vol. 17, p. 269) JOHN MARSHALL HARLAN (Vol. 12, p. 954) RICHARD OLNEY (Vol. 20, p. 91) CUSHMAN K. DAVIS (Vol. 7, p. 866) OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES (Vol. 13, p. 616) DAVID BENNETT HILL (Vol. 13, p. 464) ELIHU ROOT (Vol. 23, p. 711) PHILANDER C. KNOX (Vol. 15, p. 882) Of great value to the student of law, as widening his scope, would be a course of more general reading. This should include: (a) the articles LAW, JURISPRUDENCE and COMPARATIVE JURISPRUDENCE, by Paul Vinogradoff, Corpus professor of jurisprudence at Oxford. (b) articles on national and other legal systems, such as ENGLISH LAW, _History_, by the late Frederick W. Maitland, Downing professor of English law at Cambridge. ANGLO-SAXON LAW, by Paul Vinogradoff. GERMANIC LAWS, EARLY, by Professor Christian Pfister, of the Sorbonne. CODE NAPOLÉON, by Jean Paul Esmein, professor of law in the University of Paris, and ROMAN LAW, probably one of the most remarkable articles in the new edition and of the utmost importance (as in a less degree are the articles CODE and CODE NAPOLÉON) to the student of civil law. It is based on the well-known article contributed to the Ninth Edition of the Britannica by James Muirhead, professor of civil law, Edinburgh; but the article is actually the work of the reviser, Henry Goudy, regius professor of civil law, Oxford, and it may well be called the best present treatment of the subject. The article is a brief text-book in itself, containing matter equivalent in length to nearly 200 pages of this Guide. The treatment is historical, beginning with the almost mythical regal period and throwing light on the laws before the XII Tables, but this does not mean that the later period, legally more important, is not treated with proper fullness so that the practical as well as the theoretical is considered. [Sidenote: Some Legal Systems] Slightly remoter systems are the subjects of separate articles: SALIC LAW, by Professor Pfister of the Sorbonne; BREHON LAWS, by Lawrence Ginnell, M. P., author of a monograph on the subject; WELSH LAWS; an elaborate article on the little-known subject GREEK LAW, by John Edwin Sandys of Cambridge, author of _History of Classical Scholarship_; INDIAN LAW, by Sir William Markby, reader in Indian Law at Oxford, formerly judge of the High Court of Calcutta; MAHOMMEDAN LAW (a subject no longer alien to the American because of the large number of Mahommedans in the Philippines), by D. B. Macdonald, professor in Hartford Theological Seminary, and author of _Development of Muslim Theology_; and BABYLONIAN LAW (by C. H. W. Johns, Master of St. Catharine’s, Cambridge, author of _The Oldest Code of Laws_, etc.), containing a summary of the famous code of King Khammurabi. The following list does not include the biographies of lawyers and is not a complete list of all topics pertaining to law in the Encyclopaedia Britannica, but it will give some idea of the scope of the legal department of the work. Abandonment Abatement Abdication Abduction Abettor Abeyance Abjuration Abode Abrogation Abscond Abstract of Title Acceptance Acceptilation Access Accession Accessory Accommodation Bill Accomplice Accord Accountant-General Accretion Accumulation Accusation Acknowledgment Act Action Act of Parliament Act of Petition Address, The Ademption Adjournment Adjudication Adjustment Administration Administrator Admiralty, High Court Admiralty Jurisdiction Admission Adoption Adscript Adultery Advancement Adventure Advocate Advocates, Faculty of Advowson Affidavit Affiliation Affinity Affray Affreightment Age Agent Agistment Agnates Alabama Arbitration Alderman Alias Alibi Alien Alienation Aliment Alimony Allegiance Alliance Allocatur Allodium Allonge Allotment Allowance Alluvion Ambiguity Amendment Amercement American Law Amicus Curiae Amnesty Amortization Analyst Ancient Lights Angary Anglo-Saxon Law Annates Annexation Annoy Answer Apology Appanage Apparitor Appeal Appearance Appointment, Power of Apportionment Apportionment Bill Appraiser Appropriation Appurtenances Aram, Eugene Arbitration Arbitration, International Arches, Court of Aristocracy Arraignment Array Arrest Arrestment Arrondissment Arson Art and Part Articles of Association Assault Assembly, Unlawful Assessment Assessor Assets Assignment, Assignation, Assignee Assize Associate Assumpsit Asylum, Right of Attachment Attainder Attaint, Writ of Attempt Attestation Attorney Attorney-General Attornment Auctions Audience Autocracy Autonomy Average Avizandum Award Babylonian Law Back-bond Bail Bailiff and Bailie Bailment Ballot Bank Holidays Bankruptcy Banns of Marriage Bar, The Bargain and Sale Barmote Court Barratry Barrington, George Base fee Basilica Basoche Bastard Bastinado Baylo Beadle Beheading Belligerency Bench Benefice Beneficiary Bequest Bering Sea Arbitration Bet and Betting Betterment Bigamy Bill Bill of Exchange Bill of Sale Birth Blackmail Black Rod Blanch Fee, or Blanch Holding Blasphemy Blinding Blockade Blue-book Boarding-house Bocland Body-snatching Boiling to Death Bona Fide Bond Boot Borough Borough English Bottomry Bound, or Boundary Brachylogus Branding Branks Brawling Breach Brehon Laws Breviary of Alaric Bribery Brief Britton Burgage Burgess Burglary Burial and Burial Acts Burke, William Burning to Death By-law Cabinet Cadastre Camera Cangue Canon Law Canton Capital Punishment Capitulary Capitulation Caption Captive Capture Cargo Carrier Case Casus Belli Caucus Caveat Cemetery Cessio Bonorum Cestui, Cestuy Challenge Chamberlain Chambers Champerty, or Champarty Chance-medley Chancery Chantage Chargé d’affaires Charging Order Charter Chartered Companies Charter-Party Chattel Cheating Children, Law relating to Children’s Courts Chiltern Hundreds Chose Church Rate Churchwarden Churchyard Cinque Ports Circuit Citation Citizen City Civil Law Civil List Civil Service Clergy, Benefit of Clerk Closure Code Code Napoléon Codicil Coercion Cognizance Coif Coinage Offences Collateral Collusion Colony Comity Commercial Court Commercial Law Commission Commissioner Commitment Common Law Common Lodging-House Common Pleas, Court of Commons Commonwealth Company Compensation Compromise Comptroller Compurgation Conacre Concert Conditional Fee Conditional Limitation Confarreatio Confession and Avoidance Confiscation Congé d’Elire Congress Conjugal Rights Conquest Consanguinity, or Kindred Conseil de famille Conservator Consideration Consignment Consistory Courts Consolidation Acts Consort Conspiracy Constable Constituency Constitution and Constitutional Law Consul Consulate of the Sea Contempt of Court Contraband Contract Contumacy Conversion Conveyancing Convoy Coparcenary Copyhold Copyright Co-respondent Coroner Corporal Punishment Corporation Corpse Corrupt Practices Costs Counsel and Counsellor Counterfeiting County County Court Court Court Baron Court Leet Court-martial Covenant Coverture Covin Credentials Crime Criminal Law Criminology Crimp Crown Debt Crown Land Cruelty Culprit Curator Curtesy Curtilage Custom Customary Freehold Custos Rotulorum Cy-près Damages Day Death Debentures Debt Declaration Declaration of Paris Declarator Decree De Donis Conditionalibus Deed Defamation Default Defeasance Defence Defendant Del Credere Demesne Demise Democracy Demurrage Demurrer Denizen Deodand Department Deportation or Transportation Deposit Deputy Derelict Desertion Detainer Detinue Digest Dilapidation Diligence Diplomacy Directors Disability Discharge Disclaimer Discovery Disorderly House Dissolution Distress District Divorce Doctors’ Commons Document Domestic Relations Domicile Donatio Mortis Causa Dower Dowry Dragoman Drawing and Quartering Droit Duke of Exeter’s Daughter Durbar Duress Earl Marshal Earnest Easement Eavesdrip Ecclesiastical Commissioners Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction Ecclesiastical Law Edict Ejectment Election Elections Electrocution Elegit Embargo Embassy Embezzlement Emblements Embracery Eminent Domain Emperor Enclave English Law Englishry Entail Envoy Equity Error Escheat Estate Estate and House Agents Estate Duty Estoppel Estovers Estreat Evidence Execution Executors and Administrators Exequatur Exhumation Exile Expatriation Expert Express Expropriation Expulsion Extenuating Circumstances Exterritoriality Extortion Extradition Factor Faculty False Pretences Faubourg Federal Government Fee Felo De Se Felony Feoffment Ferry Fetters and Handcuffs Feu Fictions Fiduciary Fieri Facias Fine Finger Prints Fishery, Law of Fixtures Fiat Fleet Prison Fleta Flotsam, Jetsam and Ligan Foreclosure Foreign Office Foreshore Forest Laws Forfeiture Forgery Franchise Frank-almoign Frank-marriage Fraud Freebench Freehold Freeman Freight Fuero Gallows, or Gibbet Game Laws Gaming and Wagering Garnish Garrote Gavelkind Geneva Convention Germanic Laws, Early Gift Glebe Goodwill Government Grant Gravamen Greek Law Gross Ground Rent Guarantee Guardian Guerrilla Guillotine Habeas Corpus Hanging Hanaper Handwriting Haro, Clameur de Hegemony Heir Heirloom Hereditament Heriot Heritable Jurisdictions High Seas Highway Hinterland Hire-Purchase Agreement Hiring Holiday Homage Home Office Homicide Horning, Letters of Hotch-pot Household, Royal Hue and Cry Hundred Husband and Wife Hypothec Identification Ignoramus Ignorance Immunity Impeachment Impotence Impressment Incendiarism Incest Inclosure Incorporation Indemnity Indenture Indian Law Indictment Indorsement Inebriety, Law of Infamy Infant Infanticide In Forma Pauperis Information Informer Inheritance Inhibition Initials Injunction Inn and Innkeeper Inns of Court Innuendo Inquest Insanity Instalment Instrument Intent Interdiction Interesse Termini Interest International Law Interpellation Interpleader Interpretation Interstate Commerce Intestacy Intransigent Inventory I. O. U. Jactitation Joinder Joint Jointure Jougs, Juggs, or Joggs Judge Judge-Advocate-General Judgment Judgment Debtor Judgment Summons Judicature Acts Jurat Jurisdiction Jurisprudence Jurisprudence, Comparative Jury Jus primae noctis Jus Relictae Justice Justice of the Peace Justiciary, High Court Justification Juvenile Offenders Ketch, John Kidnapping King’s Bench, Court of Knight-Service Knout Kurbash Laches Lading, Bill of Landlord and Tenant Land Registration Lapse Larceny Law Law Merchant Lease Legacy Legation Legitim Legitimacy and Legitimation Lesion Letters Patent Libel and Slander Liberty Licence Lien Limitation, Statutes of Liquidation Liquor Laws Local Government Local Government Board Lodger and Lodgings Lord Advocate Lord Chamberlain Lord Chief Justice Lord Great Chamberlain Lord High Chancellor Lord High Constable Lord High Steward Lord High Treasurer Lord Justice Clerk Lord Justice-General Lord Keeper of the Great Seal Lord President of the Council Lords Justices of Appeal Lords of Appeal Lord Steward Lost Property Lotteries Lynch Law Magistrate Mahommedan Law Maiden Maiming Maintenance Majority Mandamus, Writ of Mandarin Mandate Manifest Manor Mansion Manslaughter Man-traps Mare Clausum and Mare Liberum Maritime Territory Marriage Marshalsea Martial Law Master and Servant Master of the Horse Master of the Rolls Maxims, Legal Mayhem Mayor Mediation Medical Jurisprudence Meeting Memorandum of Association Merger Mesne Messuage Military Law Ministry Miscarriage Misdemeanour Misprision Mistake Monarchy Monition Mortgage Mortmain Motion Multiplepoinding Municipality Muniment Murder Mutiny Nationality Naturalization Navigation Laws Negligence Negotiable Instrument Neutrality Next Friend Nisi Prius Noise Nolle Prosequi Nonconformity, Law relating to Nonfeasance, Misfeasance, Malfeasance Nonsuit North Sea Fisheries Convention Notary or Notary Public Notice Novation Nuisance Nullification Oath Obiter Dictum Obligation Obscenity Office Oligarchy Ordeal Order in Council Ordinance Ordinary Original Package Ouster Outlawry Overt Act Oyer and Terminer Pacific Blockade Pandects Paraphernalia Pardon Parish Parlement Parliament Parricide Parson Partition Partnership Party Wall Passport Patents Patents of Precedence Patron and Client Paymaster-General Payment Payment of Members Peace Peace, Breach of Peace Conferences Peine forte et dure Peerage Penalty Penology Pension Perjury Perpetuity Person, Offences against the Personal Property Personation Petition Picketing Pillory Pirate and Piracy Plaintiff Pleading Plebiscite Pledge Plurality Plutocracy Police Police Courts Posse Comitatus Possession Post & Postal Service Potwalloper Power of Attorney Praemunire Preamble Prerogative Prerogative Courts Prescription Press Laws Prime Minister Primogeniture Principal and Agent Prison Privateer Privilege Privy Council Privy Purse Privy Seal Prize or Prize of War Probate Probation Procedure Process Procès-verbal Proclamation Proctor Procuration Procurator Profanity Prohibition Promoter Property Prorogation Prosecution Prospectus Protectorate Provisional Order Provost Proxy Public House Puisne Purchase Quantum Meruit Quarantine Quare Impedit Quarter Sessions Queen Anne’s Bounty Quorum Quo Warranto Rack Ragman Rolls Raid Rape Rate Real Property Rebellion Receipt Receiver Recess Recidivism Recognizance Record Recorder Reeve Referee Referendum and Initiative Refresher Regent Register Registration Release Remainder, Reversion Remand Remembrancer Rent Repairs Repeal Replevin Representation Reprieve Reprisals Request, Letters of Requests, Court of Rescue Reservation Residence Resident Residue Respite Respondent Restraint Retainer Reward Ridings Riot Robbery Roman Law Rundale Sacrilege Salary Sale of Goods Salic Law and other Frankish Laws Salvage Sanction Satisfaction Scandal Scavenger’s Daughter Schedule Scire Facias Scot and Lot Scrip Scrutiny Sea Laws Seamen, Laws relating to Search or Visit and Search Secession Secret Secretary of State Security Sederunt, Act of Sedition Seduction Seignory or Seigniory Seisin Senate Sentence Sequestration Sergeant-at-Law Serjeanty Servitude Session Set-off Settlement Sexton Share Shelley’s Case, Rule in Sheppard, John (Jack) Sheriff Shire Sign Manual, Royal Simony Slander Socage Soke Solicitor Solicitor-General Sovereignty Speaker Specification Specific Performance Spheres of Influence Spring-gun Spy State State, Great Officers of State Rights State Trials Statute Stipend Stocks Stocks and Shares Stolen Goods Subinfeudation Succession Succession Duty Suffrage Summary Jurisdiction Summons Sunday Superannuation Supercargo Supply Supreme Court of Judicature Surety Surrender Surrogate Suzerainty Swearing Syndic Syndicate Taille Tally Tanistry Tenant Tenant-right Tenement Tenure Term Theatre Theft Thegn Threat Tichborne Claimant Ticket-of-leave Time Tipstaff Tithes Tithing Toleration Toll Tort Torture Town Trade, Board of Transfer Tread-mill Treason Treasure Trove Treasury Treaties Trespass Trial Tribute Trover Truck Trust and Trustees Turpin, Richard Twelve Tables Udal Ukaz or Ukase Ultimatum Underwriter University Courts Uses Valuation and Valuers Venue Verdict Vestry Veto Vicar Vice-Chancellor Viceroy Vidocq, F. E. Vigilance Committee Vizier Vote and Voting Voucher Wager Wainewright, T. G. War, Laws of Warden Warrant Warrant of Attorney Warranty Warren Waste Water Rights Waters, Territorial Welsh Laws Wergild Westminster Statutes Wheel, Breaking on the Whig and Tory Whip Whipping or Flogging Wild, Jonathan Will or Testament Witness Woolsack Works and Public Buildings, Board of Wreck Writ Writers to the Signet