A Concise Dictionary of Middle English from A.D. 1150 to 1580 by Mayhew and Skeat
1. A new and thoroughly revised edition of Stratmann’s Dictionary is
603 words | Chapter 2
being prepared by Mr. Henry Bradley, for the Delegates of the Clarendon
Press.
Note On The Phonology Of Middle-English.
One great difficulty in finding a Middle-English word in this, or any
other, Dictionary is due to the frequent variation of the symbols
denoting the vowel-sounds. Throughout the whole of the period to which
the work relates the symbols _i_ and _y_, in particular, are constantly
interchanged, whether they stand alone, or form parts of diphthongs.
Consequently, words which are spelt with one of these symbols in a
given text must frequently be looked for as if spelt with the other;
i.e. the pairs of symbols _i_ and _y_, _ai_ and _ay_, _ei_ and _ey_,
_oi_ and _oy_, _ui_ and _uy_, must be looked upon as likely to be used
indifferently, one for the other. For further information, the student
should consult the remarks upon Phonology in the Specimens of English
(1150 to 1300), 2nd ed., p. xxv. For those who have not time or
opportunity to do this, a few brief notes may perhaps suffice.
The following symbols are frequently confused, or are employed as
equivalent to each other because they result from the same sound in the
Oldest English or in Anglo-French:—
_i_, _y_;—_ai_, _ay_;—_ei_, _ey_;—_oi_, _oy_;—_ui_, _uy_.
_a_, _o_;—_a_, _æ_, _e_, _ea_;—_e_, _eo_, _ie_;—_o_, _u_, _ou_;—(all
originally short).
_a_, _æ_, _ea_, _e_, _ee_;—_e_, _ee_, _eo_, _ie_;—_o_, _oo_, _oa_;—_u_,
_ou_, _ui_;—(all long).
These are the most usual interchanges of symbols, and will commonly
suffice for practical purposes, in cases where the cross-references
fail. If the word be not found after such substitutions have been
allowed for, it may be taken for granted that the Dictionary does not
contain it. As a fact, the Dictionary only contains a considerable
number of such words as are most common, or (for some special reason)
deserve notice; and it is at once conceded that it is but a small
hand-book, which does not pretend to exhibit in all its fulness the
extraordinarily copious vocabulary of our language at an important
period of its history. The student wishing for complete information
will find (in course of time) that the New English Dictionary which is
being brought out by the Clarendon Press will contain all words found
in our literature since the year 1100.
Of course variations in the vowel-sounds are also introduced, in the
case of strong verbs, by the usual ‘gradation’ due to their method of
conjugation. To meet this difficulty in some measure, numerous (but not
exhaustive) cross-references have been introduced, as when, e.g. ‘Bar,
bare’ is given, with a cross-reference to Beren. Further help in this
respect is to be had from the table of 183 strong verbs given at pp.
lxix-lxxxi of the Preface to Part I of the Specimens of English (2nd
edition); see, in particular, the alphabetical index to the same, at
pp. lxxxi, lxxxii. The same Preface further contains some account of
the three principal Middle-English dialects (p. xl), and Outlines of
the Grammar (p. xlv). It also explains the meaning of the symbols þ, ð
(both used for _th_), ȝ (used for _y_ initially, _gh_ medially, and
_gh_ or _z_ finally), with other necessary information.
The Clarendon Press Glossaries.
This work gives _all_ the words and _every_ form contained in the
glossaries to eleven publications in the Clarendon Press Series, as
below:—
S.—Specimens of Early English, ed. Morris, Part I: from A.D. 1150 to
A.D. 1300.
This book contains extracts from:—1. Old English Homilies, ed. Morris,
E.E.T.S. 1867-8, pp. 230-241; 2. The Saxon Chronicle, A.D. 1137, 1138,
1140, 1154; 3. Old Eng. Homilies, ed. Morris, First Series, pp. 40-53;
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