1887. (8468 f 34.) Über eine Berührung des jüngeren Cynismus mit dem

Christenthum. Sitzungsb. d. Akad. Wiss. z. Berlin, ix pp. 129-132. Kleine Schriften, unter Mitwirkung von H. Diels und K. Holl. Edited by Dr Otto Leuze. Berlin, 1910-. (12252 g.) =Zimmermann, D.= Quae ratio philosophiae Stoicae sit cum religione Romana. Erlangen, 1858. GENERAL INDEX. _The numbers refer to the pages and notes._ Abstract ideas, 136 sqq. Academy, 55 sqq.; influence on Stoicism, 69, 93, 94, 100, 103, 106, 192, 302. Essential difference between the two schools, 153. _accessio_, 292, 316. _acervus_, 147. Achilles, 339. AÇOKA, 15. Acquirements, 305. ACTE, 347 n. 110. Action, 59. Active and passive, 69, 156, 172. Adam (and Eve), 278, 427. ADAM, J., 30 n. 2, 30 n. 3, 32 n. 16, 34 n. 25, 37 n. 43, 46 n. 76. ADDISON, J., 176 n. 9. _adfectus_, see ‘Affections.’ _adsensio_, _adsensus_, see ‘Assent’; _adsensum sustinere_, see ‘Suspense of judgment.’ Adultery condemned, 276, 347. Advantages, 72, 290, 319 sqq.; rejected by Aristo, 82. _aegritudo_, 331; _aeg. animi_, 338. Aeneas, 297, 391. AESCHYLUS, 38. Aesculapius, 233. _aestimatio_, 72, 289. Aether, 180, 183, 186, 436; as first principle, 70 n. 61; as god, 219. Affection for children, 341. Affections, 332 sqq., 352; good affections, 323; in Jesus, 412. _agitatio prima_, 351. Agriculture, 369, 372. AGRIPPINUS, PACONIUS, 399. Ahura Mazdā, 8. Air, 180 sqq. Alcestis, 142. ALEXANDER, 13, 62, 339. Alexandria, 20, 64, 80, 83, 110. _alienatio_, 256, 322. Allegorism, 112, 151, 411. _amarus_, 335. _amor_, 317. Analogy, in logic, 134; in grammar, 145. ANAXAGORAS, 40, 44, 156. ANAXIMANDER, 33. ANAXIMENES, 33, 158; on elemental qualities, 173. Angels, 8, 11, 21, 31; guardian angels, 233, 264. Anger, 333 sqq. _anima_, 168, 242; in St Paul, 420. _an. inflammata_, 181, 243 n. 23. Animals, 186 sqq.; their place in the universe, 205; have no rights, 274; St Paul’s view, 417 n. 55. Animism, 241. _animus_, 242. _annus, magnus_, 193. Anomaly, 145. Ant, 187. _anticipatio_, 136. ANTIGONUS GONATAS, 75, 79, 311. ANTIOCHUS (of Ascalon), 109 sqq., 152. ANTIPATER (of Tarsus), 96; on the criterion, 141; gives way to Carneades, 144; on definition, 148; definition of God, 222; of virtue, 283; on advantages, 292; on marriage, 318. ANTIPATER (of Tyre), 108, 186, 317; teacher of Cato, 386. ANTIPHON (sophist), 40. Antipodes, 175. Antiquarianism, 306. ANTISTHENES, 48 sqq. ANTONINUS, M. PIUS, 402 sqq. Apathy, 324. Apocalypse, 24 n. 64, 413 n. 24. Aphrodite, 231. Apollo, 231. APOLLODORUS (of Athens), 97. APOLLODORUS (of Seleucia, called Ephillus), 97; on the criterion, 141; on pleasure, 315. APOLLONIDES, 108. APOLLONIUS (of Tyre), 108. APOLLOPHANES, 84. _appellatio_, 145. _appetitio_, _appetitus_, 256, 314; _app. recta_, 256. AQUILIUS, C. GALLUS, 385. ARATUS, 80; view of the universe, 182; influence on Virgil, 389; on St. Paul, 409. _arbitrium liberum_, 210. ARCESILAUS, 63; converses with Zeno, 69 n. 48; opposes Zeno, 74; opposes Cleanthes, 90; influence on Chrysippus, 93. ARCHEDEMUS, 97; on pleasure, 315. AREIUS, 110, 343. ARISTARCHUS, 146 n. 104, 179. ARISTIPPUS, 50. ARISTO, 79, 82 sqq., 129; inclines to Cynism, 82; opposes art, 153 n. 148; rejects precepts, 357. ARISTOCREON, 97. ARISTOPHANES, 10, 175 n. 1. ARISTOTLE, 58 sqq.; on active and passive principles, 156; on substance and quality, 165; on the categories, 59, 164, 169; on the solar system, 182; on the microcosm, 61, 240; on slavery, 271, 279; on pleasure, 316; on anger, 333. ARIUS, see ‘Areius.’ ARNIM, H. von, 86 n. 59, 119 n. 123. ARNOLD, MATTHEW, 435 n. 158. ARRIA (the elder), 393. ARRIA (the younger), 399. ARRIANUS, 121. Art disparaged, 153. ARTEMIDORUS, 401. Artemis, 112. Arts (_artes_), 140, 144, 305, 306; are passing conditions of soul, 168. _articulus_, 145. ARULENUS RUSTICUS, 401. Asceticism, 258, 362, 409. Assent (_adsensio_, _adsensus_), in logic, 68, 132, 249; in morals, 256. Astrology or Astronomy, 6, 101, 306. Atheism, of Socrates, 46; of the Cynics, 48 sqq.; of Zeno, 217, 234. Athene, 231. ATHENODORUS CALVUS, 109. ATHENODORUS (of Soli), 84. ATHENODORUS (of Tarsus), (1) the elder, 98, 107; denies that sins are equal, 355; teacher of Cato, 386; (2) the younger, 110. Atoms, 41, 159, 189, 436. ATTALUS, 111, 347. AUGUSTUS, 110; encourages flattery, 370; longs for leisure, 377. AURELIUS, M., 122 sqq.; belief in providence, 123; view of the future life, 125, 270; on sufficiency of virtue, 293; devotion to paganism, 124, 405; persecutes the Christians, 405. Austerity, 356. Avesta, 11. Babylonians, 3, 5. BACON, FRANCIS, 335 n. 27. BALBUS, L. LUCILIUS, 385. BALBUS, Q. LUCILIUS, 109, 386. BAREA SORANUS, 399. BASILIDES, 98. Baths, 372. ‘Bear and forbear,’ 126, 350. Beard, 259, 365. Beauty of the universe, 204, 226; of body and soul, 312; of women, 319; of virtue, 325. St Paul not appreciative, 417. Beneficence, 307. BERTHOLET, D. A., 21 n. 57. Bigotry of Cleanthes, 90; of M. Aurelius, 405. Blessedness, 61. BLOSSIUS, C., 382. Body, the ultimate existence, 157; definition, 157; not the same as matter, 157; moves and has life, 159; moves through body, 159, 169; how known, 242 n. 17; is soul, 257; in St Paul, 416. Human body, 257; is a temple, 259; its humble parts, 254, 259, 313, 426. See also ‘Flesh.’ BOËTHUS (of Sidon), 95; on the criterion, 143. BOISSIER, G., 397 n. 95. _bonum_, 281; _summum bonum_ or _ultimum bonorum_, 281, 422. BOWEN, Lord (translation by), 265, 266. Boy-favourites, 287, 425. Brevity (_brevitas_), 149. BRUTUS, M. JUNIUS, 110, 388. Buddhism, 14 sqq., 54, 295 n. 159. Burial, 66, 278. CAESAR, C. JULIUS, his clemency, 370. CALLIPHO, 64. CALLIPPUS, 84. Cannibalism, 278. _caritas_, 423. CARNEADES, 63, 96; his visit to Rome, 100; on the criterion, 142 n. 86; influence on Antipater, 96, 144; criticizes the conflagration, 192. CASSIUS LONGINUS, 398. Castor, 232, 233. Categories of Aristotle, 59; of the Stoics, 164 sqq. CATO, M. PORCIUS, 108, 109, 386 sqq.; his marriage relations, 277, 387; his death, 310, 388; as ‘wise man,’ 297; honoured by the ‘old Romans,’ 397. Cause (_causa_), in Aristotle, 60, 162; in Stoicism, 162; _causa antecedens_, _c. principalis_, _c. proxima_, 212; first cause, 219. Caution (_cautio_), 323; in court life, 371; in Jesus, 412. Celibacy, advocated by Epictetus, 368; by St Paul, 425. Ceres, 231. Chaldaism, 5, 6, 170, 182, 199. Chance, 199 sqq.; Epicurean theory ridiculed, 226. Chaos, 44, 194. Chastity, 348. Children, without speech, 146; without reason, 138, 260; their training, 360 sqq. Christianity, 23 sqq.; its Stoic strain, 408 sqq. CHRYSIPPUS, 91 sqq.; on the criterion, 141, 143; on anomaly, 145; on fallacies, 147; on definition and rhetoric, 148; defines the ‘universe,’ 177; on the conflagration, 192; on possibility, 201; on fate, 202; on particular providence, 205; on evil, 207; on limitations of divine power, 208; no action without cause, 214 n. 92; on the ‘higher Being,’ 224; on the universe as a moral standard, 240; that soul is body, 242; wise souls only survive, 267; law the moral standard, 273, 275; on burial, 278; on slavery, 279; defines ‘virtue’ and ‘nature,’ 282; on diseases of the soul, 286; calls advantages ‘good,’ 290; on wise men, 298; distinguishes arts and acquirements, 305; on justice, 307; on pleasure, 315, 316; on reputation, 320; on political life, 338 n. 53; on drunkenness, 346; approves of the rod, 361 n. 39; on the professions, 369. CICERO, M. T., recounts death of Cyrus, 10; meets Posidonius, 104; life, 108; criticism of Stoic dialectic, 152; in exile, 376. _Academica_, 109; _de Amicitia_, 382; _de Divinatione_, 227; _de Finibus_, 109, 283, 303, 388; _de Natura Deorum_, 105, 109, 386; _de Officiis_, 109, 283, 303, 313; _Paradoxa_, 151; _de Republica_, 280, 383, 386; _de Senectute_, 377; _Tusculanae disputationes_, 278. Circe, 31. City life, 371 sqq. CLAUDIUS (princeps), 113, 119. CLEANTHES, 84 sqq.; hymn to Zeus, 85; on tone or tension, 89, 160; on the _tabula rasa_, 135 n. 52; on rhetoric, 148 sqq.; on solar system, 179; on moon and stars, 183; on fate, 202; on the soul’s future, 267; on woman, 270 n. 174; declines Athenian citizenship, 275; on obedience to God, 283; as wise man, 296; praise of virtue, 299; on daily duties, 302; on pleasure, 315; that pain is a good, 338. Clearness, 132. CLEMEN, C., 435 n. 157. Clemency, 340. CLEMENS, 432. CLEOMENES III, guided by Sphaerus, 80, 311. Clothing, 66, 362, 365. COERANUS, 399. Cohesion, 189, 243; in the body, 257. Cold, 181. _collatio rationis_, 135. Comets, 183. _commoda_, 290. Common sense (_sensus communis_), 366. Commotions (_emotiones_), 351, 352; in Jesus, 412. _compositio_, 134. Comprehension (_comprehensio_), 68, 82, 249; how qualified, 74; defended by Chrysippus, 93; as the criterion, 141. _conatus_, 318 n. 109. _concentus_, 225. Conceptions, 135 sqq., 170. _conclusio_, 73 n. 80. Condensation, 158, 167 sqq. Conditional sentence, 147. _confatalia_, 201. Conflagration (_conflagratio_), 95 sqq., 105, 190 sqq.; denied by Panaetius, 103; in Christianity, 417. Conformity, 45, 217, 404. _coniuncta_, 167. _coniunctio naturae_, 227 n. 67. Conjunction (_coniunctio_), 145. Conscience, 220, 320; in St Paul, 415. Consent, common, 143; illustrated, 223, 325. Consistency, 71, 282, 291. Consolations, 40, 342 sqq. Constancies (_constantiae_), 323; in Pauline writers, 412 n. 20, 423. Constellations, 5. _constitutio_, 260 n. 116. Constitutional theory, 46; in Aristotle, 62; in Panaetius, 101; in the Roman Stoics, 280. _continuatio naturae_, 227 n. 67. Contrary twist, 335, 364. _convenientia_, 71. Conversion (_conversio_), 139, 327. CORDUS, CREMUTIUS, 392. CORNELIUS, FIDUS, 341. CORNUTUS, 112, 231, 395. Cosmology, 193 sqq.; Christian, 417. Cosmopolis, 66, 196, 274, 284; levels race and sex, 271; in the Roman empire, 382; in Christianity, 423. COTTA, 104. Country life, 372. Courage, in Plato, 58; in Stoicism, 294, 308; defined, 311; in women, 362; at death, 378. Court life, 370. CRANTOR, 342. CRATES, 65, 318. CRATES (of Mallos), 98; teacher of Panaetius, 100; advocates ‘anomaly,’ 146. CRATIPPUS, 64. Creation, 60, 193; Pauline view, 428; compared with procreation, 254. Creator, in Plato, 57; in Aristotle, 60; as the Logos, 161; in popular theology, 194. CRINIS, 98. CRISPINUS, 111. Criterion, 75, 130, 131, 141. CRITOLAUS, 100. Cronos, 112, 231. CROSSLEY, H., 17 n. 51. Cruelty, 336. Cupid, 231. Cynics, 16, 48 sqq.; their theory of morals, 288; freedom of speech, 322. Cynism, a short cut to virtue, 97, 365. Cyrenaics, 50. CYRUS, 9 sqq.; conquest of Ionia, 34, 37; described by Xenophon, 50; a ‘wise man,’ 296. Daemons, 232, 264. Daily duties, 301 sqq. DAMASIPPUS, 111. DARDANUS, 107. DARIUS conquers Ionia, 37. DAVIDSON, W. L., 27 n. 75, 262 n. 133. Death, 261; of children, 343; how to be met, 333, 378 sqq. Decency, 312. _decorum_ 312, 348; in speech, 149. Definition (_definitio_), 148; in Sphaerus, 80. Deification, 79. Demeter, 231. DEMETRIUS (Cynic philosopher), 400. DEMETRIUS (bishop), 434. DEMOCRITUS, 41; theory of atoms and void, 156. Departure, reasonable, 309 sqq. DESCARTES, 242 n. 17. Determinism, 200. Dialectic, 129 sqq., 148; rejected by the Cynics, 49. _di immortales_, 220. Diana, 231. DICAEARCHUS, 64. Dido, 391. DIELS, H., 110 n. 75. _difficilis_, 335, 344 n. 94. _dilatatio_, 294 n. 148. DILL, S., 99 n. 1, 380 n. 1, 400 n. 108, 404 n. 126. DIO (of Prusa), 118. DIODORUS (Megarian), 51; against free will, 148; the ‘master-argument,’ 201. DIODORUS (Peripatetic), 64. DIODOTUS, 108. DIOGENES (the Cynic), 16, 48 sqq., 274; on labour, 160; as ‘wise man,’ 296. DIOGENES (of Seleucia), 96; visit to Rome, 100; his style in speaking, 150; on music, 234; on the divine immanence, 240; on constitutions, 280; definition of virtue, 283, 303; on reputation, 320. DIONYSIUS (of Cyrene), 107. DIONYSIUS (of Heraclea), 84. Dionysus, 110 n. 76. DIOSCORIDES, 96. Dis, 231. Disadvantages, 322. Disappointment, 338. Discipline, 112; of pain, 338. Discontent, 331. Diseases of the soul, 332, 353. Disposition, 167. Divination, suggested by Socrates, 43, 198; denied by Panaetius, 103; accepted by Posidonius, 105; an argument for the existence of gods, 227. Dog, 187. Dogmatism, 74; of St Paul, 415. DOMITIAN expels the philosophers, 120. Drinking, 304, 314, 317, 346. DRIVER, S. R., 9. Druidism, 24. DRUSUS, 111. Dualism, 33 n. 22. Of Zarathustra, 38; of Anaxagoras, 40; of Socrates, 44; of Aristotle, 60; of Zeno, 69, 172; of Cleanthes, 88; of the Stoics, 157; of soul and body, 157; of force and matter, 172; of active and passive, 172; of good and bad men, 354. Duty, 301 sqq., 328; towards the gods, 237; daily duties, 101, 301 sqq. DYROFF, A., 83 n. 42. Earth revolves on its axis, 178; round the sun, 179; a gross element, 225. Eating, 304, 314, 317, 345. Eclecticism, 106, 404. ECPHANTUS, 178. Education, 358; of children, 360; of slaves, 374. EGNATIUS CELER, 400. Ego, 125, 246. Eleatics, 34. Elements (_elementa_), 12, 156, 173, 179, 196, 225; are divine, 219; in Empedocles, 41; their qualities, 173. Elephantine, 9 n. 25. Emotions, see ‘Commotions.’ EMPEDOCLES, 41, 173. _enodatio_, 137. EPICTETUS, 119 sqq.; on the soul’s absorption, 125; defines dialectic, 130; on certainty, 144; rejects divination, 228; on hymns, 235; on self-examination, 236; on obedience to God, 284; on the sufficiency of virtue, 293; on the ‘wise man,’ 298; on the relationships, 307; on ‘free departure,’ 311; on family affection, 341; consolations, 343; women to be avoided, 350; on celibacy, 368; on court life, 370; in exile, 401. Epicureans, 54, 93. EPICURUS, 74; his logic, 137; theory of atoms, 159; on the gods, 225. ERATOSTHENES, 83. Eristics, 69. Eros, 231. _essentia_, 158, 165. Ethics, 273 sqq. Etruscans, their monotheism, 10, 221; reject images, 234. EUCLIDES (of Megara), 51. EUDOXUS, 182. EUDROMUS, 98. EUMENES II, 98. Eupathy, 324. EUPHRATES, 118. EURIPIDES, 39. _eventa_, 167. Evil, 206 sqq., 213 sqq., 330; in St Paul, 418. _excessus rationalis_, 309. Exercise, 359. Exhalations, 183, 260, 264. Exile, 376. _exitus_, 309. _experientia_, 134. FABIUS (Cunctator), 334. FAIRWEATHER, W., 21 n. 58, 23 n. 62. Faith, 415. Fallacies, 51, 147. Fame, 320. FANNIA, 393, 400. FANNIUS, C., 383. Fasting, 364. Fate (_fatum_), in Chaldaism, 5; in Homer, 30; in Stoicism, 199 sqq. FAVORINUS, 360 n. 23. Fear, 331, 333 sqq. Fire, sacred to the Persians, 13; in Heraclitus, 35; with Zeno, 70; with Cleanthes, 89; tends upwards, 180; elemental and primary, 180; is divine, 219; is a refined element, 225. Flesh, 258; in St Paul, 416 sqq. FLEURY, AMÉDÉE, 433 n. 151. Flood, 278. Forcefulness, in Socrates, 42; in the Cynics, 49; in Crates, 65; in Epictetus, 120; in Stoic ethics, 247; identified with virtue, 285; of Ulysses, 296; of Jesus, 411. _formido_, see ‘Fear.’ _fortitudo_, see ‘Courage.’ Fortune, 199, 209. FOWLER, W. WARDE, 380 n. 1, 385 n. 33. Freedom, 281, 304; of the will, 17, 210. Fretfulness, 337. FRIEDLÄNDER, M., 23 n. 63. Friendship, 366. FURIUS, L. PHILUS, 280, 382. _fusio universa_, 169. GALILEO, 179. GALLIO, 406. GALLUS, C. AQUILIUS, 385. Games, 360, 361. GARNETT, R., 434 n. 156. _gaudium_, 324. GAUTAMA, 14 sqq. GELDNER, K., 7 n. 17, 12 n. 31. GELLIUS, A., 117; on Seneca, 114. Generation, see ‘Procreation.’ _genius_, 232. Gentlemanliness, 61, 312. Geometry to be studied, 306. Germans, 272. Girls, education of, 362; girl students are disputatious, 367. Gladiator as ideal, 120, 363. GLADISCH, A., 37 n. 45, 38 nn. 45 a and 45 b. _gloria_, 320. God, 218 sqq.; in Persism, 8; in Stoicism, 17, 218 sqq.; in Judaism, 21; in Homer, 30; in Xenophanes, 34; in Cynism, 48; with the Megarians, 51; in world-literature, 229; in Jesus, 411; in St Paul, 419. His fatherhood, 30, 80, 221, 409. His immanence, 181, 240, 418; he dwells in heaven, 411. His limitations, 208, 212. Four proofs, 90, 223 sqq. Definitions, 222. Gods, in Homer, 30; in Posidonius, 104; in Cornutus, 112; Stoic interpretation, 40, 229 sqq.; classified, 384; in Virgil, 390. Rustic gods, 229, 405. Golden age, 194. GOMPERZ, TH., 5 n. 3, 16 n. 48, 30 n. 2, 32 n. 16, 33 nn. 19 to 21, 34 n. 24, 35 n. 29, 37 n. 44, 39 nn. 47 and 48, 42 n. 59, 46 nn. 76 and 78, 49 n. 85, 52 n. 92, 83 n. 43, 277 n. 29, 278 n. 41, 295 n. 159. Good, in Plato, 57; defined by Diogenes, 96; is bodily, 158; in Stoicism, 281. See also ‘Virtue.’ Gospel to the Hebrews, 430 n. 142. GÖTTLING, C. W., 49 n. 85. GRACCHI, 382. GRAECINUS, IULIUS, 393. Graces (_Gratiae_), 231. Grammar, 144 sqq. Great year, 193. Greatheartedness, 308, 311. Greed, 331, 333 sqq. Greediness, 345. Grief, 331, 336. GROTE, G., 46 n. 78. GRUPPE, O., 430 n. 142. Gymnasia forbidden, 276. Gymnastics, 259, 359. Gymnosophists, 13 sqq. Habit (_habitus_), 168, 353. HADRIAN, 121, 404. HAECKEL, E., 252 sqq. HATCH, E., 20 n. 54. Health of soul, 247, 285, 286; of body, 261, 286. Hearing, 250. Heat, 181; is rarefied body, 159. Heaven, home of the gods, 7, 21, 222, 411, 419. HEBERDEN, Dr, 433 n. 151. Hebraists, 428. HECATO, 105; on pleasure, 315; on wealth, 321 n. 130; his love-charm, 366 n. 72. HEINZE, O., 23 n. 61, 161 n. 36. Heliocentric theory, 34, 90, 178 sqq. Hell disbelieved, 223, 265. Hellenes, 9, 48, 83; not a superior race, 271, 274. HELVIDIUS PRISCUS, 399. HENDERSON, B. W., 117, 395 n. 85, 398 n. 96, 399 n. 99. Hera, see ‘Juno.’ HERACLIDES (of Pontus), 178. HERACLIDES (of Tarsus), 98; denied that sins are equal, 355. HERACLITUS, 35 sqq.; followed by Zeno, 70; by Cleanthes, 88; on the universe, 177; on the aether, 183; on the conflagration, 190, 191; on the microcosm, 240; on exhalations, 261; as ‘wise man,’ 296; on length of life, 309 n. 54. Hercules, personifies activity, 160; deified, 233, 296; as ‘wise man,’ 295. Heredity, 251. HERILLUS, 81. HERODES ATTICUS, 403. HERODOTUS, 9. HESIOD, 31, 232, 364, 372. HICETAS, 178. HICKS, R. D., 133 n. 39, 139 n. 70, 143 n. 89, 193 n. 130. HIEROCLES, 108. HIERONYMUS, 64. Hilarity, 331, 345 sqq. HIPPARCHIA, 65, 318. HIPPIAS (of Elis), 40. HIPPOCRATES, on primary qualities, 173. HIRZEL, R., 81 n. 26, 83 n. 42, 88 n. 67, 265 n. 145, 266 n. 150, 318 n. 109. HÖFFDING, H., 227 n. 63. HOMER, 30 sqq. HORACE, 111, 389. HUET, P. D., 433 n. 151. _humanitas_, 300, 381. Humour, 340, 342. Hylozoists, 32, 156. Hymns, of Cleanthes, 85 sqq.; of the Stoics, 234, 359; Christian, 419. _id quod dicitur_, 146. _id quod est_, 158, 170. Idea, in Plato, 56 sqq.; in Aristotle, 59; not really existent, 136. _ignava ratio_, 200. _ignavia_, 332 n. 5. Images disallowed by the Persians, 8, 9; by the Jews, 21; by Xenophanes, 34; by Antisthenes, 48; by the Tuscans, 234; by Zeno, 66, 234, 275. Immanence of the deity, 181, 240, 418; in St Paul, 420. Immortality, 8, 262 sqq. _impetus_, 256. _inaestimabile_, 289. Incest, 277. _inclinatio_, 286. _incommoda_, 290. Incontinence (_incontinentia_), 348 sqq. _incorporalia_, 170. Indians, 3; sympathy for animals, 274 n. 10; disposal of the dead, 278; asceticism, 359. _indifferentia_, 40, 289, 315. _indoles bona_, 326 n. 160. Induction, 56, 136. Inference, 135. Ingoldsby Legends, 434. _iniustitia_, 332 n. 5. _inopinata_, 150. _insipientia_, 332 n. 5. _intellegentiae incohatae_, 138 n. 65. _intemperantia_, 332 n. 5. _intentio_, see ‘Tone.’ Intention (_intentio_), 87, 286. _intolerantia_, 349. Intuitionism, 49. _ira_, 333 sqq. _iracundia_, 335. _iuncta fato_, 201. _ius gentium_, 385. _iustitia_, 231. Jerusalem, 9. JESUS, 410 sqq. JEVONS, F. B., 241 n. 13, 426 n. 119. JOHN (saint), 24, 431. Joy, 324. Judaism, 20 sqq. JULIA DOMNA, 404. JULIUS GRAECINUS, 393. JUNIUS MAURICUS, 401. Juno, 112, 230, 278. Juppiter, 10, 221, 230; in Virgil, 390. See also ‘Zeus.’ Jurists, 384 sqq., 402 sqq. Justice (_iustitia_), 58, 294, 307. JUSTIN (Martyr), 421 n. 80, 432 n. 149. JUVENAL, 235, 402. KANUS IULIUS, 393. KEBLE, J., 12 n. 32. Kingdom of heaven, 411; of the soul, 238 sqq. Kingship, 369 sqq. Knowledge, 129, 140. LAELIUS, C., 381; as ‘wise man,’ 297. _laetitia_, 316, 331; _laet. gestiens_ or _nimia_, 316 n. 101. Language, its origin, 146. LATERANUS PLAUTUS, 399. _Latinitas_, 149. Law, 71, 273, 276; in Virgil, 390; universal Law is divine, 36, 220, 328; first laws of nature, 302 sqq. Law as a profession, 306. Roman law codified by Scaevola, 384; developed by the Antonini, 402. Lawcourts condemned, 276. Leisure, 377. LEUCIPPUS, 41. _lex communis_, 273; _lex naturae_, 385. ‘Liar’ fallacy, 147. Liber, 233. Liberal arts, 306. Liberality, 373. Liberty (_libertas_) of the Cynics, 49; an advantage, 322; sought by slaves, 375; of the ‘old Romans,’ 397. _libido_, 256, 331, 333. Life an advantage, 309; ‘eternal’ or ‘spiritual,’ 414, 415, 422, 434. LIGHTFOOT, J. B., 24 n. 66, 29 n. 1, 354 n. 148, 380 n. 1, 409 n. 2, 425 n. 112. LIVIA, 111, 343. LOCKE, on the _tabula rasa_, 135 n. 52. Logic, 128 sqq.; its use, 306; its danger, 115, 120, 151 sqq., 403. Logos, in Persism, 12, 19; in Philo, 23; in Heraclitus, 35 sqq.; in Zeno, 17, 70; in Cleanthes, 88 sqq.; in Posidonius, 105. As creator, 161; as the active principle, 172; as fate, 202; as Providence, 203; is God, 219; as bond of the state, 273, 275; in Christianity, 417 sqq., 431 sqq. LONG, G., 206 n. 46. Love, 317 sqq.; in the State, 67, 275; in St Paul, 423. LUCAN, 112, 395 sqq.; account of Druidism, 25; pupil of Cornutus, 112. Lucidity, 149. LUCILIUS, C. (poet), visited Posidonius, 104; on style, 150; his poems, 383. LUCILIUS, C. (official), 397. LUCULLUS, L. LICINIUS, 109. LUCRETIUS on fortune, 199 n. 3; on procreation, 251. _luctus_, 344. Luna, 231. Luxury, 362, 364. Maccabees iv, 23. Macrocosm, 61, 90, 238, 240. Magi, 3, 6, 7. _magnitudo animi_, 308. MAHAFFY, J. P., 15 n. 46, 16 n. 47, 27, 54 n. 2, 80 n. 15, 84 n. 44, 174 n. 113. MAINE, Sir H., 277 n. 29, 402 n. 122. Man, his position in the universe, 186; his erect figure, 391; ‘all men are equal,’ 403. MARCIA (wife of Cato), 387. MARCIA (daughter of Cremutius), 342, 392. Marriage, approved, 276; a social duty, 284, 318; discourse by Antipater, 318; by Musonius, 367. Stoic marriages, 383. Mars, 231. MARY (Virgin), 231 n. 83; as Wisdom, 430 n. 142. ‘Master-argument,’ 148, 201 sqq. _materia_, 44, 60, 157, 172. Materialism, 41, 157, 253; limited by the Stoics, 242. _mathematici_, 6. Matter (_materia_), with Socrates, 44; in Aristotle, 60; Stoic views, 157, 173. MAUDSLEY, H., 351 n. 131. MAUNDER, Sir E. W., 5 n. 5. MAYOR, J. E. B., 295 n. 159. MAYOR, J. B., 182 n. 58, 209 n. 68, 225 n. 54, 249 n. 62. Megarians, 51. Memory, 134. _mentiens_, 147. _metus_, 331, 333 sqq. Microcosm in Aristotle, 61; in Cleanthes, 90; Stoic view, 238, 240. MILTON, J., 425 n. 112. Mind-picture, 68, 131. Minerva, 231. Miracles do not happen, 434. Misanthropy, 344. Mithra-worship, 184. MNESARCHUS, 107. Modesty, 313, 326. MOMMSEN, TH., 217 n. 1. Monarchy, favoured by Socrates, 46; by Sphaerus, 80; by the Stoics, 396. Monism, 33 n. 22; in Xenophanes, 35; in the Megarians, 51; in Zeno, 70; in Cleanthes, 88; in the Pythagoreans, 104; of the Cynics, 220 n. 24; of mind and matter, 134; of soul and body, 157; of the existent, 170. Monotheism, see ‘God.’ MONTESQUIEU, 27 n. 74. Moon, 182. Motherhood, 255, 375. Motion, 159, 180. _motus levis_, 351. Mourning, 344, 424 n. 100. _mundus_, see ‘Universe.’ MUSONIUS, 116 sqq.; against relaxation, 285; on greediness, 345; on marriage, 367, 368; on kingship, 370; on pastoral life, 372; on old age, 377; discourages sedition, 399; attacks Egnatius, 400; exempted from exile, 401. Mythology, Christian, 428. _natura_, (1) growth, 168, 242; (2) category of existence, 179, 218. See also ‘Nature.’ Nature, as standard of morals, 95, 240, 282; common to all philosophies, 385. Neatness, 320, 365. Necessity (_necessitas naturalis_), 200, 208, 224, 344. Neptunus, 231. NERO, 113, 117, 394 sqq. NERVA, 404. NESTOR (philosopher), 392. NETTLESHIP, H., 385 n. 28. NEWMAN, J. H., 12 n. 33. NICANOR, 110 n. 76. Nobility, 320; in Euripides, 39. _nomen_ (noun), 145. Nominalism of the Cynics, 49; of Zeno, 68; of the Stoics, 136. Notions (_notiones_), 135; _not. communes_ and _insitae_, 138. Obedience to God, 283, 363; to parents, 363; to natural law, 385. Object (_obiectum_), 157; is existent, 172. Ocean, its exhalations, 183. OCTAVIA, 343. _odium generis humani_, 345. Odyssey moralized, 31. _offensio_, 353. _officium_, 101, 301 sqq.; _off. perfectum_, 326. Old age, 261, 309, 377 sqq. Old Romans, 381 sqq. Opinion (_opinio_), 68, 133. _oratio pellucida_, 149. ORIGEN, 420 n. 77, 430 n. 132, 432; excommunicated, 434. Orphic fragments, 32. OVID, 391; on the golden age, 195. PACONIUS AGRIPPINUS, 399. PAETUS, CAECINA, 393. PAETUS, THRASEA, 394, 399. Pagan revival, 405. Pain, to be met with Courage, 308; is no evil, 337, 364. Pan, 112. PANAETIUS, 100 sqq.; abandons the ‘conflagration,’ 103; on advocacy, 144; on the planets, 182; questions divination, 227; and immortality, 267; on slavery, 279; on government, 280; definition of virtue, 283; on social duty, 284; on the ‘sufficiency,’ 292; on daily duties, 303; on anger, 333 n. 9; letter to Q. Tubero, 337. PANTAENUS, 432. Pantheism, in Hesiod, 32; of Aratus, 80; of Cleanthes, 90; limited by the Stoics, 18, 185, 219; by St Paul, 418. Paradox, 150. Paradoxes, 151; ‘body moves through body,’ 159, 169; ‘soul is body,’ 69, 157, 241; is an animal, 243; ‘virtues are bodies,’ 158; ‘if there are altars, there are gods,’ 227; ‘man is god,’ 248; ‘no man sins willingly,’ 45, 49, 257; ‘virtue can be taught,’ 285; ‘sin is ignorance,’ 331; ‘virtue is sufficient,’ 291; ‘is knowledge,’ 44, 45, 49, 257, 285; ‘is the true nobility,’ 320; ‘cannot be lost,’ 295; ‘wise man is a king,’ 66, 111, 299, 338; ‘is a good general,’ 79; ‘never errs,’ 102; ‘is a lover,’ 318, 348; ‘needs nothing,’ 293; ‘is happy on the rack,’ 299; ‘is a god,’ 299; ‘he who is not wise is a fool,’ 355; ‘is a slave,’ 424; ‘he who has one vice has all,’ 332 n. 5, 355; ‘all sins are equal,’ 354; ‘affections must be extirpated,’ 332, 354; ‘riches are not a good,’ 321; ‘pain is no evil,’ 102, 337; ‘is a good,’ 338; ‘death is no evil,’ 309, 344; ‘is a boon,’ 309; ‘these three are one,’ 433. Parts of philosophy, 128; of speech, 145. Passion, 59. Pastoral life, 372. PAUL (saint), 24, 409 sqq.; education, 414; theory of ‘body,’ 416; of sin, 418; of human nature, 419; of immortality, 421; of tabus, 423; breach with Hebraists, 428; on birth of Jesus, 430. PAULINA, 367. Peace, see ‘Tranquillity.’ PEARSON, A. C., 70 n. 61, 75 n. 90, 85 n. 58, 86 n. 59, 94 n. 102, 133 n. 34, 141 n. 81, 162 n. 39, 194 n. 132, 195 n. 139, 196 and 197, 222 n. 32, 227 n. 63, 264 n. 144, 292 n. 127, 315 n. 92, 326 n. 160, 346 n. 104. _peccatum_, 330, 425 n. 111. PEDANIUS SECUNDUS, 398. Penetration, 159, 169; by the deity, 181, 189; by the soul, 259; in marriage, 319. Perceptions, 135 sqq. Pergamus, 99. Peripatetics, 63 sqq.; on Anger, 333. PERSAEUS, 79, 311. Persecution of Christians, 405. Persephone, 231. Persism, 6 sqq.; influence on Heraclitus, 37; on the evil spirit, 232; on body and soul, 241; on future rewards, 264; disposal of the dead, 278; men good and bad, 354; influence on Christianity, 435 n. 157. See also ‘Angels,’ ‘Zarathustra.’ PERSIUS, 112, 395. Person (_persona_), 246 n. 42, 433 n. 154. _perspicuitas_, 132. Perturbation (_perturbatio_), 332, 351 n. 131, 352. PETER (saint), 428; his popularity, 429. Phantasm, 132. Pharisees, 21 n. 56, 411. PHILO, 23; follows Posidonius, 105. PHILONIDES, 80, 311. Philosophy, its subject-matter, 2; derived from the East, 3; its parts, 128; becomes ill-defined, 106; is unpopular, 356 n. 159; persecuted, 393; established, 404; absorbed in Christianity, 413 sqq. PHILUS, see ‘Furius.’ Phrase, 146. Physicians respected, 286, 369. Physics, 155 sqq.; value of the study, 306. Picture (of Samos), 231 n. 83. PISO, conspires against Nero, 117. Pity, 340. Place, 59. Planets, 182. Plants, 186, 188. PLATO, 26, 55 sqq.; theory of ideas still-born, 56; view of the solar system, 179, 182; on the soul, 255; on slavery, 279; commentary on the _Timaeus_ by Posidonius, 104, 134 n. 40; the _Phaedo_, 245; the _Republic_, 66, 274. PLAUTUS, 230 n. 79, 232 n. 95, 236 n. 125. PLAUTUS LATERANUS, 399. Pleasure, 314 sqq., 331. Pluto, 231. POLEMO, 63; teacher of Zeno, 69; taught ‘first lessons of nature,’ 302. Politics, of Socrates, 45; of Plato, 58; of Aristotle, 61; of the Stoics, 280; participation a duty, 43, 284; sometimes avoided, 116, 338 sqq.; as a profession, 369. POLLIO, 117. Pollux, 232, 233. POLYBIUS, 101, 280. POLYGNOTUS, 71. Polytheism, 218. POMPEIUS, S. (uncle of Magnus), 386. POMPEIUS (Magnus), meets Posidonius, 104. PONTIUS PILATUS, 405. PORCIA, 388. PORTER, W. H., translation of _Hymn of Cleanthes_, 85 to 87; other translations, 395, 396. POSIDONIUS, 104 sqq.; on general consent, 143; opposes heliocentric doctrine, 179; view of the solar system, 182; adheres to the ‘conflagration,’ 192; on the ‘golden age,’ 194, 195; on fate, 200; religious sentiment, 217; defends divination, 227; belief in daemons, 232; on hymns, 235; on sight, 250; on immortality, 267; lays stress on precepts, 357 n. 3. POSIDONIUS (of Alexandria), 84. Possibility, 201. Poverty, 375. _praecipua_, _praelata_, _praeposita_, 290. _praesumptio_, 136. Prayer, of Socrates, 45; with the Stoics, 213, 235 sqq.; Lord’s prayer, 23, 411. Precepts, 357; must be few and easy, 358. Preconception, 136; of deity, 224. Predication, 146; is true or untrue, 172. Presumption, 136. Principate (_principale_, _principatus_), 89, 90 n. 81, 130; of the universe, 186; of animals and plants, 188; in man, 245 sqq.; as ‘spirit’ in St Paul, 420. _principia_ (1) in physics, 173; (2) _pr. naturae_, in ethics, 302. Probability, 143; the guide of daily life, 303 n. 13. See also ‘Reasonableness.’ Probationer, 102, 294. See also ‘Progress.’ Procreation, 251 sqq.; in Lucretius, 251; in Haeckel, 252; these theories inadequate, 253; its taint, 427; spiritual procreation, 428. PRODICUS, 39; ‘choice of Hercules,’ 299. _producta_, 290. Professions, 313, 369. _proficiens_, see ‘Probationer,’ ‘Progress.’ Progress (_progressio_), 102, 294, 325 sqq.; in St Paul, 424. _proloquium_, _pronuntiatum_, 146 n. 111. Prometheus, 112. _promota_, 290. Property justified, 307. _proportio_, 134. Proposition, 146. _proprietas_, 149. Proserpina, 231. Proverbs, 361. Providence, taught by Socrates, 44; by Panaetius, 103; by the Stoics, 203 sqq.; particular providence, 205; the human body its masterpiece, 44, 259; belief of M. Aurelius, 123. _prudentia_, 306 sqq. PTOLEMY II (Philadelphus), 16. PTOLEMY III (Euergetes), 80, 83. PTOLEMY IV (Philopator), 143. Punishment, 336. Purgatory, 67, 265 sqq. PYTHAGORAS, 33; belief in the κόσμος, 170; on self-examination, 236. Pythagoreans, on the monad, 104; heliocentric theory, 178; the ‘great year,’ 193. Quality (_qualitas_), 59, 164 to 166; in Aristotle, 59; of the elements, 173; is body, 166. Quantity, 59. Quiddity (_quid_), 171. _quinta essentia_, 60. QUINTILIAN, on Seneca, 114; on Stoic oratory, 149 n. 132. _quod est_, 170. Rabbis, 410. _rabiosus_, 335. Race-suicide, 375. Rarefaction, 33, 158, 167 sqq. _ratio_, 135; _r. probabilis_, 63 n. 17; _r. vera_, 71, 273; _ratio atque oratio_, 37, 187, 275; _collatio rationis_, 135; _r. ignava_, 200; _r. universa_, 224. See also ‘Logos’ and ‘Wisdom.’ Readiness, 324. Realism of Plato, 57. ‘Reaper,’ 148. Reason, see ‘Logos,’ ‘ratio,’ ‘Wisdom’. Reasonable departure, 309. Reasonableness, 63, 81, 143; admitted by Chrysippus, 93, 303; advocated by Diogenes, 96, 303; by Panaetius, 103; in ethics, 283, 325. _recte factum_, 294. REICHEL, O. J., 20 n. 54. REID, J. S., 63 n. 15, 104 n. 34, 108 n. 62, 109 n. 68, 110 n. 72, 137 n. 63, 178 n. 26. _reiecta_, 290. Relation, 59. Relationship, duties of, 106, 169, 307; in the Paulists, 424. Relative position, 168. Relaxation, 285, 361. Religion, 216 sqq.; in St Paul, 419. See also ‘God,’ ‘Prayer,’ ‘Hymns.’ _remota_, 290. RENAN, E., 402, 403 n. 123, 406 nn. 129 and 131. RENDALL, G. H., 17 n. 51, 20 n. 54, 87 n. 61, 123 to 127, 170 n. 85, 288 n. 107, 405. _renovatio_, 193. Republic of Plato, 58, 66, 274; of Zeno, 66, 274 sqq.; of Jesus, 411. _repulsa_, 338. Reputation, 320. _res familiaris_, 321, 369. _res quodammodo se habens_, 167. Resignation, 120, 126, 343. Restlessness, 339, 353. Resurrection, Pauline view, 416, 420 sqq., 430. Rewards, future, 263. Rhea, 231. Rhetoric, 129, 148, 150. Rhodes, 99. RHYS DAVIDS, T. W., 295 n. 159. Rigveda, 232, 427. Roman law, 281, 384, 402. Romulus, 233. RUBELLIUS PLAUTUS, 117, 399. Ruffling, 332, 351; shown by tears, 391 n. 71. RUSTICUS, Q. IUNIUS, 121 sqq. RUTILIUS, P. RUFUS, 297, 384, 386. SAAL, N., 83 n. 42. SACHAU, Dr, 9 n. 25. _sacramentum_, 364. Sacrifices, condemned by Zeno, 66; by Seneca, 234; by Jesus, 411; by the Paulists, 419. Sanctity, 324. SANDYS, J. E., 98 n. 133, 145 nn. 101 and 103. _sapientia_, 306. SCAEVOLA the augur, 383. SCAEVOLA the pontifex, 383 sqq. SCHMEKEL, A., 100 n. 5, 101 n. 17, 102 n. 24, 103 nn. 25, 27 and 29, 104 nn. 32 and 33, 105 n. 39, 107 n. 55, 142 n. 86, 179 n. 33, 182 nn. 53 and 54, 185 n. 76, 192 n. 123, 193 n. 129, 195 nn. 136 and 137, 245 n. 38, 258 n. 103, 267 nn. 152 and 156, 280 n. 50, 298 n. 179, 342 n. 74, 383 n. 18. SCHMIDT, R., 145 n. 103. Science (_scientia_), 68, 140, 306. SCIPIO, 20, 101, 280, 297, 381. SCOTT, Sir W., 6. SCYLAX, 101 n. 18. _secta_, 99 n. 2. Seed-powers, 161, 195, 251, 254; in St Paul, 421. SELEUCUS (of the Tigris), 96. SELEUCUS (the astronomer), 179. Self-examination, 236, 360. _semen_, 161. SENECA, 113 sqq.; on wealth, 115, 322 sqq.; on ‘tone,’ 115; on general assent, 143; on the causes, 162 sqq.; admiration of the heavens, 176; on the heliocentric theory, 178 n. 28; condemns sacrifice, 234; on self-examination, 236; on Tartarus, 265; on immortality, 268; on woman, 270; on climate, 271; on usury, 276 n. 23; on obedience to God, 284; calls ‘advantages’ good, 290; on ‘sufficiency of virtue,’ 293; on the ‘wise man,’ 298; on suicide, 311; on anger, 334; on cruelty, 336; consolations, 342; on drunkenness, 346; to Lucilius, 358; on neatness, 365; married life, 367; exile, 376; part in political life, 113, 394. SENECIO, 401. Sensation (_sensus_), 130, 249. Sensations are always true, 131. Sense, common, 137 n. 59. Senses (_sensus_), 130; their weakness, 144. Sensibility, 340. Sensitiveness, 341. _sententiae_, 361. SEPTIMIUS SEVERUS, 404. Sermon of Benares, 15; on the mount, 24, 429. SERVILIA, 399. Sexual appetite, 304, 314, 317, 347; revolting to St Paul, 425 sqq. Shame, 324. Shipwreck, 379. Sight, 130, 249. Sign (_signum_), 147. _silva_, 158. Similitude, 134. Simple life, 111, 364. Sin, 330 sqq.; is ignorance, 331; is sickness, 332; hateful to the Stoics, 354; to St Paul, 418, 423. ‘Sins are equal,’ 354; are curable, 355. Sirens, 31. SKEAT, W. W., 99 n. 2. Slavery, 279, 374, 397 sqq., 403 sqq.; in Euripides, 39. Sleep, 132 n. 28, 261. Smell, 250. SMILEY, C. N., 150 n. 137. SMITH, V. A., 16 n. 47. Soberness, 58, 294, 312 sqq.; made dominant by Panaetius, 103. Social duty, 284. Society, 366. SOCRATES, 10, 41 sqq., 274, 275, 310. Softness, 362. Soldier as ideal, 363. Solecism, 149. Solitude, 366. Sophistry as a profession, 369. Sophists, 39. SOPHOCLES, 39. SORANUS, 399. SOTION, 113. Soul, 168; is divine, 32; in Plato, 57; in Aristotle, 61; is body, 69, 157; in man, 238 sqq.; its parts, 242, 245; consists of hot air, 243; is fed by the body, 260; future absorption, 269; its health, 285; in St Paul, 420. Space, 158. Speech, 146. Spes, 231. SPHAERUS, 80, 143, 311. Spirit, favourite conception of Cleanthes, 89; its destiny, 125; in sensation, 130; in rarefaction, 158; equivalent to tone, 160; the principle of life, 181; its gradations, 186, 243; in the sense-activities, 245, 250; in St Paul, 415 sqq.; as mother of Jesus, 430. Spiritism, 241. Spirits, see ‘Angels.’ Stars, are divine, 184; as divine spies, 232. STASEAS, 64. Statements, are true or false, 146, 171; are not bodily, 170. STEIGMÜLLER, H., 178 n. 27. STEIN, L., 71 n. 64, 88 n. 67, 133 n. 39, 135 n. 52, 161 n. 36, 240 n. 2, 243 n. 23, 244 n. 31, 245 n. 35, 258 n. 103, 260 n. 118, 261 n. 123, 262 n. 133, 273 n. 1. STERTINIUS, 111. STILO, L. AELIUS, 385. STILPO, 51, 67. STOBAEUS, 110, 117. Stoicism, 17 sqq.; estimates of its value, 26 sqq.; inclines to the Academy, 94, 106, 152; to Cynism, 121; amongst the poor, 380; its kindly temper, 340 n. 66; established, 404; its collapse, 406. _stomachosus_, 335. Strain, 160. See also ‘Tone.’ Stuff, 157. Style, 148; of Laelius, 382; of Rutilius, 384; of Cato, 386; of Brutus, 388. Subject (_subiectum_), 157. _sublatio animi_, 316. Substance, in Aristotle, 59; in Stoicism, 164 sqq. _Substratum_, 158, 166. Sufficiency of virtue, 49, 105, 291 sqq.; taught by the Cynics, 49; by Hecato, 106; by Posidonius, 105; questioned by Antipater, 97; in St Paul, 425. Suicide, 309; its dangers, 310. SULPICIUS, S. RUFUS, 342, 385. SUMMERS, W. C., 244 n. 31. _summum bonum_, 281. Sun, 182; his divinity, 90, 184; fed by Ocean, 184; is principate, 184. Suspense of judgment, 120, 133, 144. Syllogism, in Aristotle, 60; in Zeno, 73; in Chrysippus, 92. Its varieties, 147. _tabula rasa_, 135 n. 52. Tabus, 287, 423, 426. TANNERY, P., 178 n. 27. Tarsus, 24 n. 65, 91, 110, 414 n. 28. Tartarus discredited, 223, 265, 378. Taste, 250. Teaching profession, 369. Temperament, 244. Temperance, see ‘Soberness.’ _temperatura_, 244. Temples, condemned by Zeno, 66, 234, 275; by Jesus, 411. Tension, see ‘Tone.’ TEUFFEL, W. S., 111 nn. 80 and 82. THALES, 33. THEOGNIS, 373. Theology, its four dogmas, 218. THEON, 111. THEOPHILUS, 432 n. 150. THEOPHRASTUS, 64, 179; on anger, 333 n. 11. THRASEA PAETUS, 394, 399. TIBERIUS, 6 n. 12, 392. Time, 59, 159. _titillatio_, 316. TOLSTOY, LEO, 153 n. 148. Tone (_intentio_), 89, 115, 160, 243, 260, 285; of seeds, 188; in morals, 247. Touch, 250; ‘inward touch,’ 139, 242. TRAJAN, 404. Tranquillity, 247 n. 54, 356. _transitio_, 134. _translatio_, 134. Transmigration, 34. Trinity, 432; alleged suggestion by Seneca, 433. TUBERO, Q., 337, 382. TYLOR, E. B., 241 n. 13. Tyrant, 46, 280, 308; may be slain, 336. ÜBERWEG, FR., 37 n. 45, 55 n. 3, 61 n. 11. _ultimum bonorum_, 281. Ulysses, 31, 296. _unitas_, 168, 189, 243; of the universe, 226. Universe, 170, 175 sqq.; is rational and divine, 184; destined to perish, 190; two meanings, 191; its equilibrium, 196; its beauty, 204; is possessed of will, 240; in St Paul, 414. Uranus, 231 n. 88. Usury condemned, 276 n. 23. VARRO, M. T., 109, 185, 190 n. 107, 195, 388. Vegetarianism, 34. Venus, 231. _verbum_, 145. _verecundia_, 313, 324, 326. VESPASIAN, 117, 118, 400. Vexation, 331. Vice, 213, 332, 351, 353 sqq.; in St Paul, 423. VIRGIL, debt to Aratus, 80; on fate, 199; on fatherhood of God, 221; on purgatory, 265 sqq.; on Cato, 388; on government of the universe, 390. Virgin birth, 231, 430. Virtue (_virtus_), is knowledge, 44, 45, 67, 257, 285; can be taught, 44, 285; in Plato, 58; defined by Sphaerus and Herillus, 81; is one, 281; is a body, 158, 168; is the end, 281; is in the aim, 286, 291; is health of soul, 285; is sufficient, 291; permits no addition, 292; is one and many, 293, 305; cannot be lost, 295; its praise, 299; its attraction, 325; how attained, 326 sqq. Virtues, the four, in Aristo, 83; in Panaetius, 103; in Stoicism, 294; longer lists, 305 n. 30; in St Paul, 423; are permanent dispositions, 168, 323. _vis divina_, 220. _visum_, 68, 249. _vitium_, see ‘Vice.’ Voice, 250. Void, 159, 170. _voluntas_, (1) ‘will,’ 286; (2) ‘readiness,’ 324. VOSS, OTTO, 178 n. 27. Vulcan, 231. Walking, 89, 250. War is useful, 207. Wealth, 115, 320 sqq. WESTCOTT, B. F., 420 n. 77. WEYMOUTH, R. F., 410 sqq. Will, 68, 246, 256; its freedom, 210 sqq. WILLIAMS-JACKSON, A. V., 7 n. 15, 8 n. 18. Will-making, 378. WINCKLER, H. A., 24 n. 66, 262 n. 133, 269 n. 166, 408 n. 1, 409 n. 2, 435 n. 159. Wine-drinking, 346. Wisdom in Persism, 12; in _Wisdom of Solomon_, 22; in Plato, 58; as cardinal virtue, 58, 294; as daily duty, 306; identified with the Virgin Mary, 430; included in the Trinity, 432. Wisdom of Solomon, 21 sqq. Wise men, 105, 295 sqq., 325; in Horace, 389; men wise without knowing it, 327. Women equal to men, 270; to wear the same clothes, 288, 365; to be in common, 66, 276; to be fled from, 350; need the four virtues, 362; to dress their hair, 365; in life of Cato, 387; in Ovid, 392; in St Paul, 417; the hair _tabu_, 426. See also ‘Chastity,’ ‘Love,’ and ‘Marriage.’ Word, see ‘Logos.’ WORDSWORTH, W., 328 sqq. World-order, see ‘Universe.’ World-religions, 4 sqq. Worship, 233; a proof of deity, 226. Worth, 72, 289. XENOCRATES, 63, 128. XENOPHANES, 34. XENOPHON, 10, 46, 50. XERXES, 339. Yama and Yamī, 427. Youth, 363 sqq. ZARATHUSTRA, 7 sqq.; followed by Heraclitus, 37. ZELLER, E., 26, 55 n. 4, 80 n. 17, 88 n. 66, 96 n. 114, 129 n. 9, 135 n. 51, 146 n. 107, 151 n. 141, 164 n. 48, 167 n. 64, 185 n. 78, 193 n. 128, 228 n. 70, 256 n. 96, 262 n. 133, 273 n. 1, 288 n. 107. ZENO, 17, 64 sqq.; his _Republic_, 66; turns to Stilpo, 67; to Polemo, 69; to Heraclitus, 70; theory of virtue, 72; use of syllogisms, 73; on tone, 160; on the active and the passive, 172; on fate, 200, 202; on the Logos, 219 n. 3; on piety, 227, 234; on the macrocosm, 240; on future punishments, 264 n. 143; on the Cosmopolis, 274 sqq.; declines Athenian citizenship, 275; on marriage, 276; on advantages, 289; on sufficiency of virtue, 292; on progress, 294 n. 152; as wise man, 296; on ‘wise men,’ 298; on daily duties, 302; on wisdom, 306; on pleasure, 315; on drinking, 346; on dressing the hair, 365. ZENO (of Sidon: Epicurean), 84. ZENO (of Sidon: Stoic), 84. ZENO (of Tarsus), 84; questions the conflagration, 96. ZENODOTUS, 97. Zeus, in Homer, 30; in the Orphic poems, 32; in Aeschylus, 38; in Socrates, 45; in Aratus, 80; in Cleanthes, 85; as Creator, 194; as the one God, 221. See also ‘Juppiter.’ ZOROASTER, see ‘Zarathustra.’ GREEK INDEX. ἀγάπη, 423. ἁγνεία, 324. ἀδιαφορία, 83. ἀδικία, 332 n. 5. αἰδώς, 30, 324, 326. αἶσα, 30. αἴσθησις, 130, 249. αἰσθητήρια, 130, 249. αἰσθητόν, 130, 157. αἰτία, see ‘Cause.’ αἰών (derivation), 146. ἀκαταληψία, 388 n. 55. ἀκολασία, 332 n. 5. ἀλλοίωσις, 131 n. 19. ἁμάρτημα, 330. ἁμαρτία, 133, 425 n. 11. ἀμεταπτωσία, 327 n. 168. ἀναθυμίασις, 183, 260, 264. ἀναίτιον, 214. ἀναλγησία, 324 n. 153. ἀναλογία, 134. ἀνδρεία, 308, and see ‘Courage.’ ἀνήκοντα, 424 n. 102. ἀντίληψις, 133 n. 38. ἀξία, 72, 289; ἀξίαν ἔχοντα, 289 n. 109. ἀξίωμα, 146. ἀόριστος, 145. ἀπάθεια, 324 n. 153; cf. 48 n. 80. ἀπαξία, 289, 323. ἄπειρον, 33, 57. ἀπόδειξις, 139. ἀπονία, 315 n. 92. ἀποπροηγμένα, 72, 290. ἀπόσπασμα, 254 n. 86. ἀργὸς λόγος, 200. ἀρετή, see ‘Virtue’; ἀρ. οἰκεία, 63, 95. ἄρθρον, 145. ἀρρωστήματα, 353. ἀρχαί, 173. ἄσκησις, 345. ἀσώματα, 170. αὐτάρκεια, see ‘Sufficiency.’ αὐτοκίνητον, 244. αὐτόματον, 214. ἀφορμή (_alienatio_), 256. ἀφροσύνη, 332 n. 5. βούλησις, 286, 324. δαίμων, 31. δειλία, 332 n. 5. δημιουργός, 57. διάθεσις, 168, 323, 353. διακόσμησις, 195. διαλεκτική, 148 n. 126. διάνοια, 246. διατριβαί, 117, 121, 358. διαψεύδεσθαι, 133. δικαιοσύνη, see ‘Justice.’ δίκη, 231. δόξα, 68, 133, 320. δύναμις, 245 n. 34, 305, 423 n. 98. δυνατά, 202 n. 17, 211 n. 81. ἐγκράτεια, 423 n. 98. ἐγώ, 125, 246 n. 41. εἶδος, 162. εἱμαρμένη, 200 sqq. εἰρωνεία, 47. ἔκκλισις, 322, 356. ἐκπύρωσις, 95. ἐλευθερία, 322. Ἑλληνισμός, 149. ἐλπίς, 231. ἐμπειρία, 134. ἐναντίωσις, 134. ἐνάργεια, 132. ἔννοια, 135; κοιναὶ ἔνν., 138; ἔμφυτοι ἔνν., 138. ἔνστημα, 142 n. 85. ἐντὸς ἁφή, 139, 242. ἐξαγωγὴ εὔλογος, 309. ἕξις, (i) = _unitas_, 167, 178, 189, 243, 257; (ii) = _habitus_, 167, 353. ἐπαγωγή, 59. ἐπακολουθήματα, 209 n. 68. ἐπακτικοὶ λόγοι, 43. ἔπαρσις, 316, 345. ἐπιβολή, (i) = ‘attention,’ 133; (ii) = ‘reasonable effort,’ 256 n. 94, 318 n. 109. ἐπιγέννημα, 316. ἐπιθυμητικόν, 57, 333. ἐπιθυμία, 256, 331, 333. ἐπιμέλεια, 345. ἐπιστήμη, 68, 140, 306. ἐποχή, 133. ἔρως, 317. εὐδαιμονία, 61, 327 n. 168. εὐθυμία, 247 n. 54, 286 n. 97. εὐθυῤῥημονεῖν, 313 n. 85. εὐκρασία, 94. εὐλάβεια, 323, 412. εὐλογιστία, 96 n. 118, 325. εὔλογον, 81, 93 n. 99. εὐνομία, 231. εὐπάθειαι, 323. εὔροια, 72 n. 71, 94. εὐτονία, 94, 285. εὐφροσύνη, 324 n. 151. εὐφυΐα, 326 n. 160. ἐφ’ ἡμῖν, 214. Ζεύς, see ‘Juppiter,’ ‘Zeus.’ ἡγεμονικόν, 89, 246; ἡγ. πως ἔχον, 246. ἡγούμενον, 147. ἡδονή, see ‘Pleasure.’ Ἥρα, see ‘Juno.’ ἡσυχάζειν, 133. θεός, 220. θέσις, 63 n. 15, 146, 277, 282. θυμοειδές, 57. ἰδέα, 57, 59. ἰδίως ποιά, 167, 177. ἱκανότης, 425 n. 110. ἰσονομία, 196. ἰσχύς, see ‘Forcefulness.’ κάθαρσις, 61. καθῆκον, 101, 301 sqq., 424 n. 102; καθ. τέλειον, 326. κακά, 332 n. 6. κακία, 332; see also ‘Vice.’ καλὸς κἀγαθός, 61. κανών, 130, 131, 273 n. 5. καρδία, 245 n. 38. κατάληψις, 133, 249; κατ. φαντασία, 133. κατασκευή, 149. κατηγόρημα, 145. κατόρθωμα, 294. κοινῶς ποιά, 167. κόκκος, 421 n. 80. κοσμόπολις, 196, 274. κόσμος, 170; κ. μέγας, κ. μικρός, 61, 240. κρᾶσις, (i) = _mixtura_, 169; κρ. δι’ ὅλων, 169, 189; see also ‘Penetration,’ (ii) = _temperatura_, 244. κριτήριον, 75, 130, 131, 141. κυριεύων, 148, 201. κυριολογία, 149. λεκτόν, 146, 170; λ. αὐτοτελές, 146 n. 112. λῆγον, 147. λογιστικόν, 57. λόγος, see ‘Logos’; ἀργὸς λόγος, 200; λ. ἐνδιάθετος, 146; κοινὸς λόγος, 138, 224; ὀρθὸς λόγος, 71, 142, 273; λ. προφορικός, 146; λόγοι σπερματικοί, see ‘Seed-powers.’ λύπη, 331. μαιευτική, 47. μαντική, 43, 228 n. 70. μάνωσις, 33, 158. μεγαλοψυχία, 308. μέθεξις, 56. μεσότης, 145. μεταβολή, 327. μετάθεσις, 134. μετριότης, 58. μίμημα, 85 n. 58. μίμησις, 56. μῖξις, 169. μνήμη, 134 nn. 43 and 46. μοῖρα, 30. μονάς, 104. νόμος κοινός, 273, 328, 385. νόσημα, 353 n. 140. νοῦς, 242, 246. ὁδὸς ἄνω κάτω, 35, 196. ὅλον, 170. ὁμοιότης, 134. ὁμολογία, 71. ὁμολογουμένως ζῆν, 71 n. 70. ὄν, 170. ὄνομα, 145. ὀργή, see ‘Anger.’ ὄρεξις, 256, 356. ὁρμή, 256, 314, 356. ὅρος, 148. οὐσία, 158, 165; ἄποιος οὐσ., 165; οὐ. τῶν ὅλων, 177. παθήματα, 61. πάθος, 352, 412; κρίσεις τὰ πάθη, 332 n. 4. παιδικά, 287. παλιγγενεσία, 193. πᾶν, 170. παράδοξα, 150. παράθεσις, 169. παρακολούθησις, 207. παῤῥησία, 322. περίοδος, 193. περίπτωσις, 136 n. 55. πίστις, 415. πνεῦμα, see ‘Spirit.’ ποιόν, ποιότης, 164, 166; κοινῶς π., ἰδίως π., 167, 177. πολιτεία, 66. πολυπαιδία, 375. πόνος, (i) = pain, (ii) = toil, 338 n. 47. πρέπον, 149, 312, 348. προαίρεσις, 286 n. 102, 326 n. 161. προηγμένα, see ‘Advantages.’ προηγουμένη, 212. πρόθεσις, 133, 356. προκαταρκτική, 212. προκοπή, see ‘Progress.’ πρόληψις, 136, 331. πρόνοια, 203. προπίπτειν, 133. προσηγορία, 145. πρός τί πως ἔχον, 164, 168. προσκοπή, 353. πρῶτα κατὰ φύσιν, 302. πτώσεις, 145. πύκνωσις, 33, 158. πὼς ἔχον, 164, 167. ῥῆμα, 145. ῥητορική, 148 n. 126. σαφήνεια, 149. σημαινόμενα, 146. σημαίνοντα, 146. σημεῖον, 147. σκοπός, 291. σοφία, 58, 306, 430. σοφίσματα, 147. σοφός, see ‘Wise men’; σοφὸς διαλεληθώς, 328 n. 174. σπέρμα, 161, 421 n. 80. στέρησις, 134. στοὰ ποικίλη, 71. στοιχεῖον, 60, 173, 179; πεμπτὸν στ., 60. συγκατάθεσις, 68, 132, 249. σύγχυσις, 169. συλλογισμός, see ‘Syllogism.’ συμβεβηκότα, 167. συμπάθεια τῶν ὅλων, 225, 227 n. 67; τῶν μέρων, 239. συμπόσιον, 346. συμπτώματα, 167. σύμφυσις, 250. συμφωνία, 94. συναπτόμενα, 209 n. 68. σύνδεσμος, 145. συνείδησις, 415. σύνθεσις, 134. συνημμένον, 147. συντομία, 149. σύστασις, 260 n. 116. σύστημα, 140. σχέσις, (i) = ‘variation,’ 83 n. 39; (ii) see ‘Relationship.’ σῶμα, see ‘Body’; σῶμα διὰ σώματος χωρεῖ, 169. σωρίτης, 51, 147. σωφροσύνη, 58, 312 sqq. τέλος, 58, 281, 422. τέχναι, 140, 305. τινά, 171. τόνος, see ‘Tone’; τ. πνευματικός, 161. τύπωσις, 131 n. 19. ὕλη, 33, 60, 157, 158, 165, 166; ὕλη πρώτη, 158 n. 10; ἄποιος ὕλη, 165. ὑπάρχον, 132 n. 25, 142 n. 84, 157, 158. ὑπόθεσις, 57. ὑποκείμενον, 164 to 166. ὑπόληψις, 133 n. 34. ὑπομονή, 423 n. 98. ὑποτελίς, 81. φαντασία, 68, 131, 135, 212, 249; φαντ. καταληπτική, 68, 133; φαντ. ὁρμητικὴ τοῦ καθήκοντος, 256 n. 97. φάντασμα, 132. φλόξ, 89. φόβος, see ‘Fear.’ φρόνησις, 306. φύσις (i) = _natura_, ‘growth,’ 168, 177, 188, 242, 257; (ii) as a moral standard, 63 n. 15, 275, 315; τὰ κατὰ φύσιν, 72, 290, 310; πρῶτα κατὰ φύσιν, 81, 302. φωνή (derivation), 146. χάος, 44, 194. χαρά, 324. χορηγία, 64. χρεῖαι, 117, 361. χρηματισμός, 369. ψευδόμενος, 51, 147. ψῦξις, 260. ψυχή, see ‘Soul’; ψυχὴ ἄλογος, 187 n. 91, 242; λογική, 246; derived from ψῦξις, 260. 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