Les Misérables by Victor Hugo
CHAPTER II—ANCIENT HISTORY OF THE SEWER
1259 words | Chapter 404
Let the reader imagine Paris lifted off like a cover, the subterranean
network of sewers, from a bird’s-eye view, will outline on the banks a
species of large branch grafted on the river. On the right bank, the
belt sewer will form the trunk of this branch, the secondary ducts will
form the branches, and those without exit the twigs.
This figure is but a summary one and half exact, the right angle, which
is the customary angle of this species of subterranean ramifications,
being very rare in vegetation.
A more accurate image of this strange geometrical plan can be formed by
supposing that one is viewing some eccentric oriental alphabet, as
intricate as a thicket, against a background of shadows, and the
misshapen letters should be welded one to another in apparent
confusion, and as at haphazard, now by their angles, again by their
extremities.
Sinks and sewers played a great part in the Middle Ages, in the Lower
Empire and in the Orient of old. The masses regarded these beds of
decomposition, these monstrous cradles of death, with a fear that was
almost religious. The vermin ditch of Benares is no less conducive to
giddiness than the lions’ ditch of Babylon. Teglath-Phalasar, according
to the rabbinical books, swore by the sink of Nineveh. It was from the
sewer of Münster that John of Leyden produced his false moon, and it
was from the cesspool of Kekscheb that oriental menalchme, Mokanna, the
veiled prophet of Khorassan, caused his false sun to emerge.
The history of men is reflected in the history of sewers. The
Germoniæ58 narrated Rome. The sewer of Paris has been an ancient and
formidable thing. It has been a sepulchre, it has served as an asylum.
Crime, intelligence, social protest, liberty of conscience, thought,
theft, all that human laws persecute or have persecuted, is hidden in
that hole; the _maillotins_ in the fourteenth century, the _tire-laine_
of the fifteenth, the Huguenots in the sixteenth, Morin’s _illuminated_
in the seventeenth, the _chauffeurs_ [brigands] in the eighteenth. A
hundred years ago, the nocturnal blow of the dagger emerged thence, the
pickpocket in danger slipped thither; the forest had its cave, Paris
had its sewer. Vagrancy, that Gallic _picareria_, accepted the sewer as
the adjunct of the Cour des Miracles, and at evening, it returned
thither, fierce and sly, through the Maubuée outlet, as into a
bed-chamber.
It was quite natural, that those who had the blind-alley Vide-Gousset,
[Empty-Pocket] or the Rue Coupe-Gorge [Cut-Throat], for the scene of
their daily labor, should have for their domicile by night the culvert
of the Chemin-Vert, or the catch basin of Hurepoix. Hence a throng of
souvenirs. All sorts of phantoms haunt these long, solitary corridors;
everywhere is putrescence and miasma; here and there are
breathing-holes, where Villon within converses with Rabelais without.
The sewer in ancient Paris is the rendezvous of all exhaustions and of
all attempts. Political economy therein spies a detritus, social
philosophy there beholds a residuum.
The sewer is the conscience of the city. Everything there converges and
confronts everything else. In that livid spot there are shades, but
there are no longer any secrets. Each thing bears its true form, or at
least, its definitive form. The mass of filth has this in its favor,
that it is not a liar. Ingenuousness has taken refuge there. The mask
of Basil is to be found there, but one beholds its cardboard and its
strings and the inside as well as the outside, and it is accentuated by
honest mud. Scapin’s false nose is its next-door neighbor. All the
uncleannesses of civilization, once past their use, fall into this
trench of truth, where the immense social sliding ends. They are there
engulfed, but they display themselves there. This mixture is a
confession. There, no more false appearances, no plastering over is
possible, filth removes its shirt, absolute denudation puts to the rout
all illusions and mirages, there is nothing more except what really
exists, presenting the sinister form of that which is coming to an end.
There, the bottom of a bottle indicates drunkenness, a basket-handle
tells a tale of domesticity; there the core of an apple which has
entertained literary opinions becomes an apple-core once more; the
effigy on the big sou becomes frankly covered with verdigris, Caiphas’
spittle meets Falstaff’s puking, the louis-d’or which comes from the
gaming-house jostles the nail whence hangs the rope’s end of the
suicide. A livid fœtus rolls along, enveloped in the spangles which
danced at the Opera last Shrove-Tuesday, a cap which has pronounced
judgment on men wallows beside a mass of rottenness which was formerly
Margoton’s petticoat; it is more than fraternization, it is equivalent
to addressing each other as _thou_. All which was formerly rouged, is
washed free. The last veil is torn away. A sewer is a cynic. It tells
everything.
The sincerity of foulness pleases us, and rests the soul. When one has
passed one’s time in enduring upon earth the spectacle of the great
airs which reasons of state, the oath, political sagacity, human
justice, professional probity, the austerities of situation,
incorruptible robes all assume, it solaces one to enter a sewer and to
behold the mire which befits it.
This is instructive at the same time. We have just said that history
passes through the sewer. The Saint-Barthélemys filter through there,
drop by drop, between the paving-stones. Great public assassinations,
political and religious butcheries, traverse this underground passage
of civilization, and thrust their corpses there. For the eye of the
thinker, all historic murderers are to be found there, in that hideous
penumbra, on their knees, with a scrap of their winding-sheet for an
apron, dismally sponging out their work. Louis XI. is there with
Tristan, François I. with Duprat, Charles IX. is there with his mother,
Richelieu is there with Louis XIII., Louvois is there, Letellier is
there, Hébert and Maillard are there, scratching the stones, and trying
to make the traces of their actions disappear. Beneath these vaults one
hears the brooms of spectres. One there breathes the enormous fetidness
of social catastrophes. One beholds reddish reflections in the corners.
There flows a terrible stream, in which bloody hands have been washed.
The social observer should enter these shadows. They form a part of his
laboratory. Philosophy is the microscope of the thought. Everything
desires to flee from it, but nothing escapes it. Tergiversation is
useless. What side of oneself does one display in evasions? the
shameful side. Philosophy pursues with its glance, probes the evil, and
does not permit it to escape into nothingness. In the obliteration of
things which disappear, in the watching of things which vanish, it
recognizes all. It reconstructs the purple from the rag, and the woman
from the scrap of her dress. From the cesspool, it reconstitutes the
city; from mud, it reconstructs manners; from the potsherd it infers
the amphora or the jug. By the imprint of a finger-nail on a piece of
parchment, it recognizes the difference which separates the Jewry of
the Judengasse from the Jewry of the Ghetto. It re-discovers in what
remains that which has been, good, evil, the true, the blood-stain of
the palace, the ink-blot of the cavern, the drop of sweat from the
brothel, trials undergone, temptations welcomed, orgies cast forth, the
turn which characters have taken as they became abased, the trace of
prostitution in souls of which their grossness rendered them capable,
and on the vesture of the porters of Rome the mark of Messalina’s
elbowing.
Chapters
1. Chapter 1
2. CHAPTER XIV—WHAT HE THOUGHT
3. CHAPTER XIII—LITTLE GERVAIS
4. CHAPTER IX—A MERRY END TO MIRTH
5. CHAPTER III—THE LARK
6. CHAPTER XIII—THE SOLUTION OF SOME QUESTIONS CONNECTED WITH THE
7. CHAPTER II—HOW JEAN MAY BECOME CHAMP
8. CHAPTER VII—THE TRAVELLER ON HIS ARRIVAL TAKES PRECAUTIONS FOR
9. CHAPTER XI—CHAMPMATHIEU MORE AND MORE ASTONISHED
10. CHAPTER V—A SUITABLE TOMB
11. CHAPTER XIX—THE BATTLE-FIELD AT NIGHT
12. CHAPTER II—IN WHICH THE READER WILL PERUSE TWO VERSES, WHICH ARE OF
13. CHAPTER III—THE ANKLE-CHAIN MUST HAVE UNDERGONE A CERTAIN PREPARATORY
14. CHAPTER VIII—THE UNPLEASANTNESS OF RECEIVING INTO ONE’S HOUSE A POOR
15. CHAPTER X—HE WHO SEEKS TO BETTER HIMSELF MAY RENDER HIS SITUATION
16. CHAPTER XI—NUMBER 9,430 REAPPEARS, AND COSETTE WINS IT IN THE LOTTERY
17. CHAPTER V—A FIVE-FRANC PIECE FALLS ON THE GROUND AND PRODUCES A TUMULT
18. CHAPTER X—WHICH EXPLAINS HOW JAVERT GOT ON THE SCENT
19. CHAPTER XI—END OF THE PETIT-PICPUS
20. CHAPTER VIII—FAITH, LAW
21. CHAPTER IV—IN WHICH JEAN VALJEAN HAS QUITE THE AIR OF HAVING READ
22. CHAPTER VII—IN WHICH WILL BE FOUND THE ORIGIN OF THE SAYING: DON’T
23. CHAPTER IX—CLOISTERED
24. CHAPTER VII—THE GAMIN SHOULD HAVE HIS PLACE IN THE CLASSIFICATIONS OF
25. CHAPTER VIII—IN WHICH THE READER WILL FIND A CHARMING SAYING OF THE
26. CHAPTER XIII—LITTLE GAVROCHE
27. CHAPTER VIII—TWO DO NOT MAKE A PAIR
28. CHAPTER V—THE UTILITY OF GOING TO MASS, IN ORDER TO BECOME A
29. CHAPTER VIII—MARBLE AGAINST GRANITE
30. CHAPTER VI—RES ANGUSTA
31. CHAPTER VI—THE SUBSTITUTE
32. CHAPTER IX—ECLIPSE
33. CHAPTER IV—COMPOSITION OF THE TROUPE
34. CHAPTER I—MARIUS, WHILE SEEKING A GIRL IN A BONNET, ENCOUNTERS A MAN
35. CHAPTER XIII—SOLUS CUM SOLO, IN LOCO REMOTO, NON COGITABUNTUR ORARE
36. CHAPTER XVI—IN WHICH WILL BE FOUND THE WORDS TO AN ENGLISH AIR WHICH
37. CHAPTER XXII—THE LITTLE ONE WHO WAS CRYING IN VOLUME TWO
38. CHAPTER VI—ENJOLRAS AND HIS LIEUTENANTS
39. CHAPTER IV—AN APPARITION TO MARIUS
40. CHAPTER VIII—THE CHAIN-GANG
41. CHAPTER II—MOTHER PLUTARQUE FINDS NO DIFFICULTY IN EXPLAINING A
42. CHAPTER VI—OLD PEOPLE ARE MADE TO GO OUT OPPORTUNELY
43. CHAPTER II—IN WHICH LITTLE GAVROCHE EXTRACTS PROFIT FROM NAPOLEON THE
44. CHAPTER III—THE VICISSITUDES OF FLIGHT
45. CHAPTER IV—THE TWO DUTIES: TO WATCH AND TO HOPE
46. CHAPTER VI—MARIUS BECOMES PRACTICAL ONCE MORE TO THE EXTENT OF GIVING
47. CHAPTER VII—THE OLD HEART AND THE YOUNG HEART IN THE PRESENCE OF EACH
48. CHAPTER III—M. MABEUF
49. CHAPTER V—ORIGINALITY OF PARIS
50. CHAPTER I—SOME EXPLANATIONS WITH REGARD TO THE ORIGIN OF GAVROCHE’S
51. CHAPTER VI—RECRUITS
52. CHAPTER VIII—MANY INTERROGATION POINTS WITH REGARD TO A CERTAIN LE
53. CHAPTER III—THE EXTREME EDGE
54. CHAPTER III—GAVROCHE WOULD HAVE DONE BETTER TO ACCEPT ENJOLRAS’
55. CHAPTER VII—GAVROCHE AS A PROFOUND CALCULATOR OF DISTANCES
56. CHAPTER IV—GAVROCHE’S EXCESS OF ZEAL
57. CHAPTER IX—EMPLOYMENT OF THE OLD TALENTS OF A POACHER AND THAT
58. CHAPTER XX—THE DEAD ARE IN THE RIGHT AND THE LIVING ARE NOT IN THE
59. CHAPTER XXIV—PRISONER
60. CHAPTER VI—FUTURE PROGRESS
61. CHAPTER V—IN THE CASE OF SAND AS IN THAT OF WOMAN, THERE IS A FINENESS
62. CHAPTER VII—ONE SOMETIMES RUNS AGROUND WHEN ONE FANCIES THAT ONE IS
63. CHAPTER IX—MARIUS PRODUCES ON SOME ONE WHO IS A JUDGE OF THE MATTER,
64. CHAPTER XII—THE GRANDFATHER
65. CHAPTER I
66. CHAPTER II—MARIUS, EMERGING FROM CIVIL WAR, MAKES READY FOR DOMESTIC
67. CHAPTER IV—MADEMOISELLE GILLENORMAND ENDS BY NO LONGER THINKING IT A
68. CHAPTER VI—THE TWO OLD MEN DO EVERYTHING, EACH ONE AFTER HIS OWN
69. CHAPTER VIII—TWO MEN IMPOSSIBLE TO FIND
70. CHAPTER IV—THE IMMORTAL LIVER
71. CHAPTER II—THE OBSCURITIES WHICH A REVELATION CAN CONTAIN
72. CHAPTER IV—ATTRACTION AND EXTINCTION
73. CHAPTER III—A PEN IS HEAVY TO THE MAN WHO LIFTED THE FAUCHELEVENT’S
74. CHAPTER VI—THE GRASS COVERS AND THE RAIN EFFACES
75. CHAPTER I—M. MYRIEL
76. CHAPTER II—M. MYRIEL BECOMES M. WELCOME
77. 1712. This palace was a genuine seignorial residence. Everything about
78. CHAPTER III—A HARD BISHOPRIC FOR A GOOD BISHOP
79. CHAPTER IV—WORKS CORRESPONDING TO WORDS
80. CHAPTER V—MONSEIGNEUR BIENVENU MADE HIS CASSOCKS LAST TOO LONG
81. CHAPTER VI—WHO GUARDED HIS HOUSE FOR HIM
82. CHAPTER VII—CRAVATTE
83. CHAPTER VIII—PHILOSOPHY AFTER DRINKING
84. CHAPTER IX—THE BROTHER AS DEPICTED BY THE SISTER
85. CHAPTER X—THE BISHOP IN THE PRESENCE OF AN UNKNOWN LIGHT
86. CHAPTER XI—A RESTRICTION
87. CHAPTER XII—THE SOLITUDE OF MONSEIGNEUR WELCOME
88. CHAPTER XIII—WHAT HE BELIEVED
89. CHAPTER XIV—WHAT HE THOUGHT
90. CHAPTER I—THE EVENING OF A DAY OF WALKING
91. CHAPTER II—PRUDENCE COUNSELLED TO WISDOM.
92. CHAPTER III—THE HEROISM OF PASSIVE OBEDIENCE.
93. CHAPTER IV—DETAILS CONCERNING THE CHEESE-DAIRIES OF PONTARLIER.
94. CHAPTER V—TRANQUILLITY
95. CHAPTER VI—JEAN VALJEAN
96. CHAPTER VII—THE INTERIOR OF DESPAIR
97. CHAPTER VIII—BILLOWS AND SHADOWS
98. CHAPTER IX—NEW TROUBLES
99. CHAPTER X—THE MAN AROUSED
100. CHAPTER XI—WHAT HE DOES
101. CHAPTER XII—THE BISHOP WORKS
102. CHAPTER XIII—LITTLE GERVAIS
103. CHAPTER I—THE YEAR 1817
104. CHAPTER II—A DOUBLE QUARTETTE
105. CHAPTER III—FOUR AND FOUR
106. CHAPTER IV—THOLOMYÈS IS SO MERRY THAT HE SINGS A SPANISH DITTY
107. CHAPTER V—AT BOMBARDA’S
108. CHAPTER VI—A CHAPTER IN WHICH THEY ADORE EACH OTHER
109. CHAPTER VII—THE WISDOM OF THOLOMYÈS
110. CHAPTER VIII—THE DEATH OF A HORSE
111. CHAPTER IX—A MERRY END TO MIRTH
112. CHAPTER I—ONE MOTHER MEETS ANOTHER MOTHER
113. CHAPTER II—FIRST SKETCH OF TWO UNPREPOSSESSING FIGURES
114. CHAPTER III—THE LARK
115. CHAPTER I—THE HISTORY OF A PROGRESS IN BLACK GLASS TRINKETS
116. CHAPTER II—MADELEINE
117. CHAPTER III—SUMS DEPOSITED WITH LAFFITTE
118. CHAPTER IV—M. MADELEINE IN MOURNING
119. CHAPTER V—VAGUE FLASHES ON THE HORIZON
120. CHAPTER VI—FATHER FAUCHELEVENT
121. CHAPTER VII—FAUCHELEVENT BECOMES A GARDENER IN PARIS
122. CHAPTER VIII—MADAME VICTURNIEN EXPENDS THIRTY FRANCS ON MORALITY
123. CHAPTER IX—MADAME VICTURNIEN’S SUCCESS
124. CHAPTER X—RESULT OF THE SUCCESS
125. CHAPTER XI—CHRISTUS NOS LIBERAVIT
126. CHAPTER XII—M. BAMATABOIS’S INACTIVITY
127. CHAPTER XIII—THE SOLUTION OF SOME QUESTIONS CONNECTED WITH THE
128. CHAPTER I—THE BEGINNING OF REPOSE
129. CHAPTER II—HOW JEAN MAY BECOME CHAMP
130. CHAPTER I—SISTER SIMPLICE
131. CHAPTER II—THE PERSPICACITY OF MASTER SCAUFFLAIRE
132. CHAPTER III—A TEMPEST IN A SKULL
133. CHAPTER IV—FORMS ASSUMED BY SUFFERING DURING SLEEP
134. CHAPTER V—HINDRANCES
135. CHAPTER VI—SISTER SIMPLICE PUT TO THE PROOF
136. CHAPTER VII—THE TRAVELLER ON HIS ARRIVAL TAKES PRECAUTIONS FOR
137. CHAPTER VIII—AN ENTRANCE BY FAVOR
138. CHAPTER IX—A PLACE WHERE CONVICTIONS ARE IN PROCESS OF FORMATION
139. CHAPTER X—THE SYSTEM OF DENIALS
140. CHAPTER XI—CHAMPMATHIEU MORE AND MORE ASTONISHED
141. CHAPTER I—IN WHAT MIRROR M. MADELEINE CONTEMPLATES HIS HAIR
142. CHAPTER II—FANTINE HAPPY
143. CHAPTER III—JAVERT SATISFIED
144. CHAPTER IV—AUTHORITY REASSERTS ITS RIGHTS
145. CHAPTER V—A SUITABLE TOMB
146. CHAPTER I—WHAT IS MET WITH ON THE WAY FROM NIVELLES
147. CHAPTER II—HOUGOMONT
148. CHAPTER III—THE EIGHTEENTH OF JUNE, 1815
149. CHAPTER IV—A
150. CHAPTER V—THE QUID OBSCURUM OF BATTLES
151. CHAPTER VI—FOUR O’CLOCK IN THE AFTERNOON
152. CHAPTER VII—NAPOLEON IN A GOOD HUMOR
153. CHAPTER VIII—THE EMPEROR PUTS A QUESTION TO THE GUIDE LACOSTE
154. CHAPTER IX—THE UNEXPECTED
155. CHAPTER X—THE PLATEAU OF MONT-SAINT-JEAN
156. CHAPTER XI—A BAD GUIDE TO NAPOLEON; A GOOD GUIDE TO BÜLOW
157. CHAPTER XII—THE GUARD
158. CHAPTER XIII—THE CATASTROPHE
159. CHAPTER XIV—THE LAST SQUARE
160. CHAPTER XV—CAMBRONNE
161. CHAPTER XVI—QUOT LIBRAS IN DUCE?
162. CHAPTER XVII—IS WATERLOO TO BE CONSIDERED GOOD?
163. CHAPTER XVIII—A RECRUDESCENCE OF DIVINE RIGHT
164. CHAPTER XIX—THE BATTLE-FIELD AT NIGHT
165. CHAPTER I—NUMBER 24,601 BECOMES NUMBER 9,430
166. CHAPTER II—IN WHICH THE READER WILL PERUSE TWO VERSES, WHICH ARE OF THE
167. CHAPTER III—THE ANKLE-CHAIN MUST HAVE UNDERGONE A CERTAIN PREPARATORY
168. CHAPTER I—THE WATER QUESTION AT MONTFERMEIL
169. CHAPTER II—TWO COMPLETE PORTRAITS
170. CHAPTER III—MEN MUST HAVE WINE, AND HORSES MUST HAVE WATER
171. CHAPTER IV—ENTRANCE ON THE SCENE OF A DOLL
172. CHAPTER V—THE LITTLE ONE ALL ALONE
173. CHAPTER VI—WHICH POSSIBLY PROVES BOULATRUELLE’S INTELLIGENCE
174. CHAPTER VII—COSETTE SIDE BY SIDE WITH THE STRANGER IN THE DARK
175. CHAPTER VIII—THE UNPLEASANTNESS OF RECEIVING INTO ONE’S HOUSE A POOR
176. CHAPTER IX— THÉNARDIER AND HIS MANŒUVRES
177. CHAPTER X—HE WHO SEEKS TO BETTER HIMSELF MAY RENDER HIS SITUATION WORSE
178. CHAPTER XI—NUMBER 9,430 REAPPEARS, AND COSETTE WINS IT IN THE LOTTERY
179. CHAPTER I—MASTER GORBEAU
180. CHAPTER II—A NEST FOR OWL AND A WARBLER
181. CHAPTER III—TWO MISFORTUNES MAKE ONE PIECE OF GOOD FORTUNE
182. CHAPTER IV—THE REMARKS OF THE PRINCIPAL TENANT
183. CHAPTER V—A FIVE-FRANC PIECE FALLS ON THE GROUND AND PRODUCES A TUMULT
184. CHAPTER I—THE ZIGZAGS OF STRATEGY
185. CHAPTER II—IT IS LUCKY THAT THE PONT D’AUSTERLITZ BEARS CARRIAGES
186. CHAPTER III—TO WIT, THE PLAN OF PARIS IN 1727
187. CHAPTER IV—THE GROPINGS OF FLIGHT
188. CHAPTER V—WHICH WOULD BE IMPOSSIBLE WITH GAS LANTERNS
189. CHAPTER VI—THE BEGINNING OF AN ENIGMA
190. CHAPTER VII—CONTINUATION OF THE ENIGMA
191. CHAPTER VIII—THE ENIGMA BECOMES DOUBLY MYSTERIOUS
192. CHAPTER IX—THE MAN WITH THE BELL
193. CHAPTER X—WHICH EXPLAINS HOW JAVERT GOT ON THE SCENT
194. episode of the thousand-franc bill. She had seen it! She had handled
195. CHAPTER I—NUMBER 62 RUE PETIT-PICPUS
196. CHAPTER II—THE OBEDIENCE OF MARTIN VERGA
197. CHAPTER III—AUSTERITIES
198. CHAPTER IV—GAYETIES
199. CHAPTER V—DISTRACTIONS
200. CHAPTER VI—THE LITTLE CONVENT
201. CHAPTER VII—SOME SILHOUETTES OF THIS DARKNESS
202. CHAPTER VIII—POST CORDA LAPIDES
203. CHAPTER IX—A CENTURY UNDER A GUIMPE
204. CHAPTER X—ORIGIN OF THE PERPETUAL ADORATION
205. CHAPTER XI—END OF THE PETIT-PICPUS
206. CHAPTER I—THE CONVENT AS AN ABSTRACT IDEA
207. CHAPTER II—THE CONVENT AS AN HISTORICAL FACT
208. CHAPTER III—ON WHAT CONDITIONS ONE CAN RESPECT THE PAST
209. CHAPTER IV—THE CONVENT FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF PRINCIPLES
210. CHAPTER V—PRAYER
211. CHAPTER VI—THE ABSOLUTE GOODNESS OF PRAYER
212. CHAPTER VII—PRECAUTIONS TO BE OBSERVED IN BLAME
213. CHAPTER VIII—FAITH, LAW
214. CHAPTER I—WHICH TREATS OF THE MANNER OF ENTERING A CONVENT
215. CHAPTER II—FAUCHELEVENT IN THE PRESENCE OF A DIFFICULTY
216. CHAPTER III—MOTHER INNOCENTE
217. CHAPTER IV—IN WHICH JEAN VALJEAN HAS QUITE THE AIR OF HAVING READ
218. CHAPTER V—IT IS NOT NECESSARY TO BE DRUNK IN ORDER TO BE IMMORTAL
219. CHAPTER VI—BETWEEN FOUR PLANKS
220. CHAPTER VII—IN WHICH WILL BE FOUND THE ORIGIN OF THE SAYING: DON’T LOSE
221. CHAPTER VIII—A SUCCESSFUL INTERROGATORY
222. CHAPTER IX—CLOISTERED
223. CHAPTER I—PARVULUS
224. CHAPTER II—SOME OF HIS PARTICULAR CHARACTERISTICS
225. CHAPTER III—HE IS AGREEABLE
226. CHAPTER IV—HE MAY BE OF USE
227. CHAPTER V—HIS FRONTIERS
228. CHAPTER VI—A BIT OF HISTORY
229. CHAPTER VII—THE GAMIN SHOULD HAVE HIS PLACE IN THE CLASSIFICATIONS OF
230. CHAPTER VIII—IN WHICH THE READER WILL FIND A CHARMING SAYING OF THE
231. CHAPTER IX—THE OLD SOUL OF GAUL
232. CHAPTER X—ECCE PARIS, ECCE HOMO
233. CHAPTER XI—TO SCOFF, TO REIGN
234. CHAPTER XII—THE FUTURE LATENT IN THE PEOPLE
235. CHAPTER XIII—LITTLE GAVROCHE
236. CHAPTER I—NINETY YEARS AND THIRTY-TWO TEETH
237. CHAPTER II—LIKE MASTER, LIKE HOUSE
238. CHAPTER III—LUC-ESPRIT
239. CHAPTER IV—A CENTENARIAN ASPIRANT
240. CHAPTER V—BASQUE AND NICOLETTE
241. CHAPTER VI—IN WHICH MAGNON AND HER TWO CHILDREN ARE SEEN
242. CHAPTER VII—RULE: RECEIVE NO ONE EXCEPT IN THE EVENING
243. CHAPTER VIII—TWO DO NOT MAKE A PAIR
244. CHAPTER I—AN ANCIENT SALON
245. CHAPTER II—ONE OF THE RED SPECTRES OF THAT EPOCH
246. 1794. Pontmercy fought at Spire, at Worms, at Neustadt, at Turkheim, at
247. CHAPTER III—REQUIESCANT
248. introduction into history of M. le Marquis de Bonaparte,
249. CHAPTER IV—END OF THE BRIGAND
250. CHAPTER V—THE UTILITY OF GOING TO MASS, IN ORDER TO BECOME A
251. CHAPTER VI—THE CONSEQUENCES OF HAVING MET A WARDEN
252. CHAPTER VII—SOME PETTICOAT
253. CHAPTER VIII—MARBLE AGAINST GRANITE
254. CHAPTER I—A GROUP WHICH BARELY MISSED BECOMING HISTORIC
255. CHAPTER II—BLONDEAU’S FUNERAL ORATION BY BOSSUET
256. CHAPTER III—MARIUS’ ASTONISHMENTS
257. CHAPTER IV—THE BACK ROOM OF THE CAFÉ MUSAIN
258. CHAPTER V—ENLARGEMENT OF HORIZON
259. CHAPTER VI—RES ANGUSTA
260. CHAPTER I—MARIUS INDIGENT
261. CHAPTER II—MARIUS POOR
262. CHAPTER III—MARIUS GROWN UP
263. CHAPTER IV—M. MABEUF
264. CHAPTER V—POVERTY A GOOD NEIGHBOR FOR MISERY
265. CHAPTER VI—THE SUBSTITUTE
266. CHAPTER I—THE SOBRIQUET: MODE OF FORMATION OF FAMILY NAMES
267. CHAPTER II—LUX FACTA EST
268. CHAPTER III—EFFECT OF THE SPRING
269. CHAPTER IV—BEGINNING OF A GREAT MALADY
270. CHAPTER V—DIVERS CLAPS OF THUNDER FALL ON MA’AM BOUGON
271. CHAPTER VI—TAKEN PRISONER
272. CHAPTER VII—ADVENTURES OF THE LETTER U DELIVERED OVER TO CONJECTURES
273. CHAPTER VIII—THE VETERANS THEMSELVES CAN BE HAPPY
274. CHAPTER IX—ECLIPSE
275. CHAPTER I—MINES AND MINERS
276. CHAPTER II—THE LOWEST DEPTHS
277. CHAPTER III—BABET, GUEULEMER, CLAQUESOUS, AND MONTPARNASSE
278. CHAPTER IV—COMPOSITION OF THE TROUPE
279. CHAPTER I—MARIUS, WHILE SEEKING A GIRL IN A BONNET, ENCOUNTERS A MAN IN
280. CHAPTER II—TREASURE TROVE
281. CHAPTER III—QUADRIFRONS
282. CHAPTER IV—A ROSE IN MISERY
283. CHAPTER V—A PROVIDENTIAL PEEP-HOLE
284. CHAPTER VI—THE WILD MAN IN HIS LAIR
285. CHAPTER VII—STRATEGY AND TACTICS
286. CHAPTER VIII—THE RAY OF LIGHT IN THE HOVEL
287. CHAPTER IX—JONDRETTE COMES NEAR WEEPING
288. CHAPTER X—TARIFF OF LICENSED CABS: TWO FRANCS AN HOUR
289. CHAPTER XI—OFFERS OF SERVICE FROM MISERY TO WRETCHEDNESS
290. CHAPTER XII—THE USE MADE OF M. LEBLANC’S FIVE-FRANC PIECE
291. CHAPTER XIII—SOLUS CUM SOLO, IN LOCO REMOTO, NON COGITABUNTUR ORARE
292. CHAPTER XIV—IN WHICH A POLICE AGENT BESTOWS TWO FISTFULS ON A LAWYER
293. CHAPTER XV—JONDRETTE MAKES HIS PURCHASES
294. CHAPTER XVI—IN WHICH WILL BE FOUND THE WORDS TO AN ENGLISH AIR WHICH
295. CHAPTER XVII—THE USE MADE OF MARIUS’ FIVE-FRANC PIECE
296. CHAPTER XVIII—MARIUS’ TWO CHAIRS FORM A VIS-A-VIS
297. CHAPTER XIX—OCCUPYING ONE’S SELF WITH OBSCURE DEPTHS
298. CHAPTER XX—THE TRAP
299. CHAPTER XXI—ONE SHOULD ALWAYS BEGIN BY ARRESTING THE VICTIMS
300. CHAPTER XXII—THE LITTLE ONE WHO WAS CRYING IN VOLUME TWO
301. CHAPTER I—WELL CUT
302. CHAPTER II—BADLY SEWED
303. CHAPTER III—LOUIS PHILIPPE
304. CHAPTER IV—CRACKS BENEATH THE FOUNDATION
305. CHAPTER V—FACTS WHENCE HISTORY SPRINGS AND WHICH HISTORY IGNORES
306. CHAPTER VI—ENJOLRAS AND HIS LIEUTENANTS
307. CHAPTER I—THE LARK’S MEADOW
308. CHAPTER II—EMBRYONIC FORMATION OF CRIMES IN THE INCUBATION OF PRISONS
309. CHAPTER III—APPARITION TO FATHER MABEUF
310. CHAPTER IV—AN APPARITION TO MARIUS
311. CHAPTER I—THE HOUSE WITH A SECRET
312. CHAPTER II—JEAN VALJEAN AS A NATIONAL GUARD
313. 1831. The municipal information collected at that time had even reached
314. CHAPTER III—FOLIIS AC FRONDIBUS
315. CHAPTER IV—CHANGE OF GATE
316. CHAPTER V—THE ROSE PERCEIVES THAT IT IS AN ENGINE OF WAR
317. CHAPTER VI—THE BATTLE BEGUN
318. CHAPTER VII—TO ONE SADNESS OPPOSE A SADNESS AND A HALF
319. CHAPTER VIII—THE CHAIN-GANG
320. CHAPTER I—A WOUND WITHOUT, HEALING WITHIN
321. CHAPTER II—MOTHER PLUTARQUE FINDS NO DIFFICULTY IN EXPLAINING A
322. CHAPTER I—SOLITUDE AND THE BARRACKS COMBINED
323. CHAPTER II—COSETTE’S APPREHENSIONS
324. CHAPTER III—ENRICHED WITH COMMENTARIES BY TOUSSAINT
325. CHAPTER IV—A HEART BENEATH A STONE
326. CHAPTER V—COSETTE AFTER THE LETTER
327. CHAPTER VI—OLD PEOPLE ARE MADE TO GO OUT OPPORTUNELY
328. CHAPTER I—THE MALICIOUS PLAYFULNESS OF THE WIND
329. CHAPTER II—IN WHICH LITTLE GAVROCHE EXTRACTS PROFIT FROM NAPOLEON THE
330. CHAPTER III—THE VICISSITUDES OF FLIGHT
331. CHAPTER I—ORIGIN
332. CHAPTER II—ROOTS
333. CHAPTER III—SLANG WHICH WEEPS AND SLANG WHICH LAUGHS
334. CHAPTER IV—THE TWO DUTIES: TO WATCH AND TO HOPE
335. CHAPTER I—FULL LIGHT
336. CHAPTER II—THE BEWILDERMENT OF PERFECT HAPPINESS
337. CHAPTER III—THE BEGINNING OF SHADOW
338. CHAPTER IV—A CAB RUNS IN ENGLISH AND BARKS IN SLANG
339. CHAPTER V—THINGS OF THE NIGHT
340. CHAPTER VI—MARIUS BECOMES PRACTICAL ONCE MORE TO THE EXTENT OF GIVING
341. CHAPTER VII—THE OLD HEART AND THE YOUNG HEART IN THE PRESENCE OF EACH
342. CHAPTER I—JEAN VALJEAN
343. CHAPTER II—MARIUS
344. CHAPTER III—M. MABEUF
345. CHAPTER I—THE SURFACE OF THE QUESTION
346. CHAPTER II—THE ROOT OF THE MATTER
347. CHAPTER III—A BURIAL; AN OCCASION TO BE BORN AGAIN
348. CHAPTER IV—THE EBULLITIONS OF FORMER DAYS
349. CHAPTER V—ORIGINALITY OF PARIS
350. CHAPTER I—SOME EXPLANATIONS WITH REGARD TO THE ORIGIN OF GAVROCHE’S
351. CHAPTER II—GAVROCHE ON THE MARCH
352. CHAPTER III—JUST INDIGNATION OF A HAIR-DRESSER
353. CHAPTER IV—THE CHILD IS AMAZED AT THE OLD MAN
354. CHAPTER V—THE OLD MAN
355. CHAPTER VI—RECRUITS
356. CHAPTER I—HISTORY OF CORINTHE FROM ITS FOUNDATION
357. CHAPTER II—PRELIMINARY GAYETIES
358. CHAPTER III—NIGHT BEGINS TO DESCEND UPON GRANTAIRE
359. CHAPTER IV—AN ATTEMPT TO CONSOLE THE WIDOW HUCHELOUP
360. CHAPTER V—PREPARATIONS
361. CHAPTER VI—WAITING
362. CHAPTER VII—THE MAN RECRUITED IN THE RUE DES BILLETTES
363. CHAPTER VIII—MANY INTERROGATION POINTS WITH REGARD TO A CERTAIN LE
364. CHAPTER I—FROM THE RUE PLUMET TO THE QUARTIER SAINT-DENIS
365. CHAPTER II—AN OWL’S VIEW OF PARIS
366. CHAPTER III—THE EXTREME EDGE
367. CHAPTER I—THE FLAG: ACT FIRST
368. CHAPTER II—THE FLAG: ACT SECOND
369. CHAPTER III—GAVROCHE WOULD HAVE DONE BETTER TO ACCEPT ENJOLRAS’ CARBINE
370. CHAPTER IV—THE BARREL OF POWDER
371. CHAPTER V—END OF THE VERSES OF JEAN PROUVAIRE
372. CHAPTER VI—THE AGONY OF DEATH AFTER THE AGONY OF LIFE
373. CHAPTER VII—GAVROCHE AS A PROFOUND CALCULATOR OF DISTANCES
374. CHAPTER I—A DRINKER IS A BABBLER
375. CHAPTER II—THE STREET URCHIN AN ENEMY OF LIGHT
376. CHAPTER III—WHILE COSETTE AND TOUSSAINT ARE ASLEEP
377. CHAPTER IV—GAVROCHE’S EXCESS OF ZEAL
378. CHAPTER I—THE CHARYBDIS OF THE FAUBOURG SAINT ANTOINE AND THE SCYLLA OF
379. CHAPTER II—WHAT IS TO BE DONE IN THE ABYSS IF ONE DOES NOT CONVERSE
380. CHAPTER III—LIGHT AND SHADOW
381. CHAPTER IV—MINUS FIVE, PLUS ONE
382. CHAPTER V—THE HORIZON WHICH ONE BEHOLDS FROM THE SUMMIT OF A BARRICADE
383. CHAPTER VI—MARIUS HAGGARD, JAVERT LACONIC
384. CHAPTER VII—THE SITUATION BECOMES AGGRAVATED
385. CHAPTER VIII—THE ARTILLERY-MEN COMPEL PEOPLE TO TAKE THEM SERIOUSLY
386. CHAPTER IX—EMPLOYMENT OF THE OLD TALENTS OF A POACHER AND THAT
387. CHAPTER X—DAWN
388. CHAPTER XI—THE SHOT WHICH MISSES NOTHING AND KILLS NO ONE
389. CHAPTER XII—DISORDER A PARTISAN OF ORDER
390. 1832. Captain Fannicot, a bold and impatient bourgeois, a sort of
391. CHAPTER XIII—PASSING GLEAMS
392. CHAPTER XIV—WHEREIN WILL APPEAR THE NAME OF ENJOLRAS’ MISTRESS
393. CHAPTER XV—GAVROCHE OUTSIDE
394. CHAPTER XVI—HOW FROM A BROTHER ONE BECOMES A FATHER
395. CHAPTER XVII—MORTUUS PATER FILIUM MORITURUM EXPECTAT
396. CHAPTER XVIII—THE VULTURE BECOME PREY
397. CHAPTER XIX—JEAN VALJEAN TAKES HIS REVENGE
398. CHAPTER XX—THE DEAD ARE IN THE RIGHT AND THE LIVING ARE NOT IN THE
399. CHAPTER XXI—THE HEROES
400. CHAPTER XXII—FOOT TO FOOT
401. CHAPTER XXIII—ORESTES FASTING AND PYLADES DRUNK
402. CHAPTER XXIV—PRISONER
403. CHAPTER I—THE LAND IMPOVERISHED BY THE SEA
404. CHAPTER II—ANCIENT HISTORY OF THE SEWER
405. CHAPTER III—BRUNESEAU
406. CHAPTER IV
407. CHAPTER V—PRESENT PROGRESS
408. CHAPTER VI—FUTURE PROGRESS
409. 1806. All sorts of obstacles hindered this operation, some peculiar to
410. CHAPTER I—THE SEWER AND ITS SURPRISES
411. CHAPTER II—EXPLANATION
412. CHAPTER III—THE “SPUN” MAN
413. CHAPTER IV—HE ALSO BEARS HIS CROSS
414. CHAPTER V—IN THE CASE OF SAND AS IN THAT OF WOMAN, THERE IS A FINENESS
415. CHAPTER VI—THE FONTIS
416. CHAPTER VII—ONE SOMETIMES RUNS AGROUND WHEN ONE FANCIES THAT ONE IS
417. CHAPTER VIII—THE TORN COAT-TAIL
418. CHAPTER IX—MARIUS PRODUCES ON SOME ONE WHO IS A JUDGE OF THE MATTER,
419. CHAPTER X—RETURN OF THE SON WHO WAS PRODIGAL OF HIS LIFE
420. CHAPTER XI—CONCUSSION IN THE ABSOLUTE
421. CHAPTER XII—THE GRANDFATHER
422. CHAPTER I
423. CHAPTER I—IN WHICH THE TREE WITH THE ZINC PLASTER APPEARS AGAIN
424. CHAPTER II—MARIUS, EMERGING FROM CIVIL WAR, MAKES READY FOR DOMESTIC
425. CHAPTER III—MARIUS ATTACKED
426. 7. Ah! There we have it! Ah! so you want her! Well, you shall have her.
427. CHAPTER IV—MADEMOISELLE GILLENORMAND ENDS BY NO LONGER THINKING IT A
428. CHAPTER V—DEPOSIT YOUR MONEY IN A FOREST RATHER THAN WITH A NOTARY
429. CHAPTER VI—THE TWO OLD MEN DO EVERYTHING, EACH ONE AFTER HIS OWN
430. CHAPTER VII—THE EFFECTS OF DREAMS MINGLED WITH HAPPINESS
431. CHAPTER VIII—TWO MEN IMPOSSIBLE TO FIND
432. CHAPTER I—THE 16TH OF FEBRUARY, 1833
433. CHAPTER II—JEAN VALJEAN STILL WEARS HIS ARM IN A SLING
434. CHAPTER III—THE INSEPARABLE
435. CHAPTER IV—THE IMMORTAL LIVER 68
436. CHAPTER I—THE SEVENTH CIRCLE AND THE EIGHTH HEAVEN
437. CHAPTER II—THE OBSCURITIES WHICH A REVELATION CAN CONTAIN
438. CHAPTER I—THE LOWER CHAMBER
439. CHAPTER II—ANOTHER STEP BACKWARDS
440. CHAPTER III—THEY RECALL THE GARDEN OF THE RUE PLUMET
441. CHAPTER IV—ATTRACTION AND EXTINCTION
442. CHAPTER I—PITY FOR THE UNHAPPY, BUT INDULGENCE FOR THE HAPPY
443. CHAPTER II—LAST FLICKERINGS OF A LAMP WITHOUT OIL
444. CHAPTER III—A PEN IS HEAVY TO THE MAN WHO LIFTED THE FAUCHELEVENT’S
445. CHAPTER IV—A BOTTLE OF INK WHICH ONLY SUCCEEDED IN WHITENING
446. CHAPTER V—A NIGHT BEHIND WHICH THERE IS DAY
447. CHAPTER VI—THE GRASS COVERS AND THE RAIN EFFACES
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