Les Misérables by Victor Hugo
CHAPTER I—THE LAND IMPOVERISHED BY THE SEA
1489 words | Chapter 403
Paris casts twenty-five millions yearly into the water. And this
without metaphor. How, and in what manner? Day and night. With what
object? With no object. With what intention? With no intention. Why?
For no reason. By means of what organ? By means of its intestine. What
is its intestine? The sewer.
Twenty-five millions is the most moderate approximative figure which
the valuations of special science have set upon it.
Science, after having long groped about, now knows that the most
fecundating and the most efficacious of fertilizers is human manure.
The Chinese, let us confess it to our shame, knew it before us. Not a
Chinese peasant—it is Eckberg who says this,—goes to town without
bringing back with him, at the two extremities of his bamboo pole, two
full buckets of what we designate as filth. Thanks to human dung, the
earth in China is still as young as in the days of Abraham. Chinese
wheat yields a hundred fold of the seed. There is no guano comparable
in fertility with the detritus of a capital. A great city is the most
mighty of dung-makers. Certain success would attend the experiment of
employing the city to manure the plain. If our gold is manure, our
manure, on the other hand, is gold.
What is done with this golden manure? It is swept into the abyss.
Fleets of vessels are despatched, at great expense, to collect the dung
of petrels and penguins at the South Pole, and the incalculable element
of opulence which we have on hand, we send to the sea. All the human
and animal manure which the world wastes, restored to the land instead
of being cast into the water, would suffice to nourish the world.
Those heaps of filth at the gate-posts, those tumbrils of mud which
jolt through the street by night, those terrible casks of the street
department, those fetid drippings of subterranean mire, which the
pavements hide from you,—do you know what they are? They are the meadow
in flower, the green grass, wild thyme, thyme and sage, they are game,
they are cattle, they are the satisfied bellows of great oxen in the
evening, they are perfumed hay, they are golden wheat, they are the
bread on your table, they are the warm blood in your veins, they are
health, they are joy, they are life. This is the will of that
mysterious creation which is transformation on earth and
transfiguration in heaven.
Restore this to the great crucible; your abundance will flow forth from
it. The nutrition of the plains furnishes the nourishment of men.
You have it in your power to lose this wealth, and to consider me
ridiculous to boot. This will form the master-piece of your ignorance.
Statisticians have calculated that France alone makes a deposit of half
a milliard every year, in the Atlantic, through the mouths of her
rivers. Note this: with five hundred millions we could pay one quarter
of the expenses of our budget. The cleverness of man is such that he
prefers to get rid of these five hundred millions in the gutter. It is
the very substance of the people that is carried off, here drop by
drop, there wave after wave, the wretched outpour of our sewers into
the rivers, and the gigantic collection of our rivers into the ocean.
Every hiccough of our sewers costs us a thousand francs. From this
spring two results, the land impoverished, and the water tainted.
Hunger arising from the furrow, and disease from the stream.
It is notorious, for example, that at the present hour, the Thames is
poisoning London.
So far as Paris is concerned, it has become indispensable of late, to
transport the mouths of the sewers downstream, below the last bridge.
A double tubular apparatus, provided with valves and sluices, sucking
up and driving back, a system of elementary drainage, simple as the
lungs of a man, and which is already in full working order in many
communities in England, would suffice to conduct the pure water of the
fields into our cities, and to send back to the fields the rich water
of the cities, and this easy exchange, the simplest in the world, would
retain among us the five hundred millions now thrown away. People are
thinking of other things.
The process actually in use does evil, with the intention of doing
good. The intention is good, the result is melancholy. Thinking to
purge the city, the population is blanched like plants raised in
cellars. A sewer is a mistake. When drainage, everywhere, with its
double function, restoring what it takes, shall have replaced the
sewer, which is a simple impoverishing washing, then, this being
combined with the data of a now social economy, the product of the
earth will be increased tenfold, and the problem of misery will be
singularly lightened. Add the suppression of parasitism, and it will be
solved.
In the meanwhile, the public wealth flows away to the river, and
leakage takes place. Leakage is the word. Europe is being ruined in
this manner by exhaustion.
As for France, we have just cited its figures. Now, Paris contains one
twenty-fifth of the total population of France, and Parisian guano
being the richest of all, we understate the truth when we value the
loss on the part of Paris at twenty-five millions in the half milliard
which France annually rejects. These twenty-five millions, employed in
assistance and enjoyment, would double the splendor of Paris. The city
spends them in sewers. So that we may say that Paris’s great
prodigality, its wonderful festival, its Beaujon folly, its orgy, its
stream of gold from full hands, its pomp, its luxury, its magnificence,
is its sewer system.
It is in this manner that, in the blindness of a poor political
economy, we drown and allow to float downstream and to be lost in the
gulfs the well-being of all. There should be nets at Saint-Cloud for
the public fortune.
Economically considered, the matter can be summed up thus: Paris is a
spendthrift. Paris, that model city, that patron of well-arranged
capitals, of which every nation strives to possess a copy, that
metropolis of the ideal, that august country of the initiative, of
impulse and of effort, that centre and that dwelling of minds, that
nation-city, that hive of the future, that marvellous combination of
Babylon and Corinth, would make a peasant of the Fo-Kian shrug his
shoulders, from the point of view which we have just indicated.
Imitate Paris and you will ruin yourselves.
Moreover, and particularly in this immemorial and senseless waste,
Paris is itself an imitator.
These surprising exhibitions of stupidity are not novel; this is no
young folly. The ancients did like the moderns. “The sewers of Rome,”
says Liebig, “have absorbed all the well-being of the Roman peasant.”
When the Campagna of Rome was ruined by the Roman sewer, Rome exhausted
Italy, and when she had put Italy in her sewer, she poured in Sicily,
then Sardinia, then Africa. The sewer of Rome has engulfed the world.
This cesspool offered its engulfment to the city and the universe.
_Urbi et orbi_. Eternal city, unfathomable sewer.
Rome sets the example for these things as well as for others.
Paris follows this example with all the stupidity peculiar to
intelligent towns.
For the requirements of the operation upon the subject of which we have
just explained our views, Paris has beneath it another Paris; a Paris
of sewers; which has its streets, its crossroads, its squares, its
blind-alleys, its arteries, and its circulation, which is of mire and
minus the human form.
For nothing must be flattered, not even a great people; where there is
everything there is also ignominy by the side of sublimity; and, if
Paris contains Athens, the city of light, Tyre, the city of might,
Sparta, the city of virtue, Nineveh, the city of marvels, it also
contains Lutetia, the city of mud.
However, the stamp of its power is there also, and the Titanic sink of
Paris realizes, among monuments, that strange ideal realized in
humanity by some men like Macchiavelli, Bacon and Mirabeau, grandiose
vileness.
The sub-soil of Paris, if the eye could penetrate its surface, would
present the aspect of a colossal madrepore. A sponge has no more
partitions and ducts than the mound of earth for a circuit of six
leagues round about, on which rests the great and ancient city. Not to
mention its catacombs, which are a separate cellar, not to mention the
inextricable trellis-work of gas pipes, without reckoning the vast
tubular system for the distribution of fresh water which ends in the
pillar fountains, the sewers alone form a tremendous, shadowy network
under the two banks; a labyrinth which has its slope for its guiding
thread.
There appears, in the humid mist, the rat which seems the product to
which Paris has given birth.
Chapters
1. Chapter 1
2. CHAPTER XIV—WHAT HE THOUGHT
3. CHAPTER XIII—LITTLE GERVAIS
4. CHAPTER IX—A MERRY END TO MIRTH
5. CHAPTER III—THE LARK
6. CHAPTER XIII—THE SOLUTION OF SOME QUESTIONS CONNECTED WITH THE
7. CHAPTER II—HOW JEAN MAY BECOME CHAMP
8. CHAPTER VII—THE TRAVELLER ON HIS ARRIVAL TAKES PRECAUTIONS FOR
9. CHAPTER XI—CHAMPMATHIEU MORE AND MORE ASTONISHED
10. CHAPTER V—A SUITABLE TOMB
11. CHAPTER XIX—THE BATTLE-FIELD AT NIGHT
12. CHAPTER II—IN WHICH THE READER WILL PERUSE TWO VERSES, WHICH ARE OF
13. CHAPTER III—THE ANKLE-CHAIN MUST HAVE UNDERGONE A CERTAIN PREPARATORY
14. CHAPTER VIII—THE UNPLEASANTNESS OF RECEIVING INTO ONE’S HOUSE A POOR
15. CHAPTER X—HE WHO SEEKS TO BETTER HIMSELF MAY RENDER HIS SITUATION
16. CHAPTER XI—NUMBER 9,430 REAPPEARS, AND COSETTE WINS IT IN THE LOTTERY
17. CHAPTER V—A FIVE-FRANC PIECE FALLS ON THE GROUND AND PRODUCES A TUMULT
18. CHAPTER X—WHICH EXPLAINS HOW JAVERT GOT ON THE SCENT
19. CHAPTER XI—END OF THE PETIT-PICPUS
20. CHAPTER VIII—FAITH, LAW
21. CHAPTER IV—IN WHICH JEAN VALJEAN HAS QUITE THE AIR OF HAVING READ
22. CHAPTER VII—IN WHICH WILL BE FOUND THE ORIGIN OF THE SAYING: DON’T
23. CHAPTER IX—CLOISTERED
24. CHAPTER VII—THE GAMIN SHOULD HAVE HIS PLACE IN THE CLASSIFICATIONS OF
25. CHAPTER VIII—IN WHICH THE READER WILL FIND A CHARMING SAYING OF THE
26. CHAPTER XIII—LITTLE GAVROCHE
27. CHAPTER VIII—TWO DO NOT MAKE A PAIR
28. CHAPTER V—THE UTILITY OF GOING TO MASS, IN ORDER TO BECOME A
29. CHAPTER VIII—MARBLE AGAINST GRANITE
30. CHAPTER VI—RES ANGUSTA
31. CHAPTER VI—THE SUBSTITUTE
32. CHAPTER IX—ECLIPSE
33. CHAPTER IV—COMPOSITION OF THE TROUPE
34. CHAPTER I—MARIUS, WHILE SEEKING A GIRL IN A BONNET, ENCOUNTERS A MAN
35. CHAPTER XIII—SOLUS CUM SOLO, IN LOCO REMOTO, NON COGITABUNTUR ORARE
36. CHAPTER XVI—IN WHICH WILL BE FOUND THE WORDS TO AN ENGLISH AIR WHICH
37. CHAPTER XXII—THE LITTLE ONE WHO WAS CRYING IN VOLUME TWO
38. CHAPTER VI—ENJOLRAS AND HIS LIEUTENANTS
39. CHAPTER IV—AN APPARITION TO MARIUS
40. CHAPTER VIII—THE CHAIN-GANG
41. CHAPTER II—MOTHER PLUTARQUE FINDS NO DIFFICULTY IN EXPLAINING A
42. CHAPTER VI—OLD PEOPLE ARE MADE TO GO OUT OPPORTUNELY
43. CHAPTER II—IN WHICH LITTLE GAVROCHE EXTRACTS PROFIT FROM NAPOLEON THE
44. CHAPTER III—THE VICISSITUDES OF FLIGHT
45. CHAPTER IV—THE TWO DUTIES: TO WATCH AND TO HOPE
46. CHAPTER VI—MARIUS BECOMES PRACTICAL ONCE MORE TO THE EXTENT OF GIVING
47. CHAPTER VII—THE OLD HEART AND THE YOUNG HEART IN THE PRESENCE OF EACH
48. CHAPTER III—M. MABEUF
49. CHAPTER V—ORIGINALITY OF PARIS
50. CHAPTER I—SOME EXPLANATIONS WITH REGARD TO THE ORIGIN OF GAVROCHE’S
51. CHAPTER VI—RECRUITS
52. CHAPTER VIII—MANY INTERROGATION POINTS WITH REGARD TO A CERTAIN LE
53. CHAPTER III—THE EXTREME EDGE
54. CHAPTER III—GAVROCHE WOULD HAVE DONE BETTER TO ACCEPT ENJOLRAS’
55. CHAPTER VII—GAVROCHE AS A PROFOUND CALCULATOR OF DISTANCES
56. CHAPTER IV—GAVROCHE’S EXCESS OF ZEAL
57. CHAPTER IX—EMPLOYMENT OF THE OLD TALENTS OF A POACHER AND THAT
58. CHAPTER XX—THE DEAD ARE IN THE RIGHT AND THE LIVING ARE NOT IN THE
59. CHAPTER XXIV—PRISONER
60. CHAPTER VI—FUTURE PROGRESS
61. CHAPTER V—IN THE CASE OF SAND AS IN THAT OF WOMAN, THERE IS A FINENESS
62. CHAPTER VII—ONE SOMETIMES RUNS AGROUND WHEN ONE FANCIES THAT ONE IS
63. CHAPTER IX—MARIUS PRODUCES ON SOME ONE WHO IS A JUDGE OF THE MATTER,
64. CHAPTER XII—THE GRANDFATHER
65. CHAPTER I
66. CHAPTER II—MARIUS, EMERGING FROM CIVIL WAR, MAKES READY FOR DOMESTIC
67. CHAPTER IV—MADEMOISELLE GILLENORMAND ENDS BY NO LONGER THINKING IT A
68. CHAPTER VI—THE TWO OLD MEN DO EVERYTHING, EACH ONE AFTER HIS OWN
69. CHAPTER VIII—TWO MEN IMPOSSIBLE TO FIND
70. CHAPTER IV—THE IMMORTAL LIVER
71. CHAPTER II—THE OBSCURITIES WHICH A REVELATION CAN CONTAIN
72. CHAPTER IV—ATTRACTION AND EXTINCTION
73. CHAPTER III—A PEN IS HEAVY TO THE MAN WHO LIFTED THE FAUCHELEVENT’S
74. CHAPTER VI—THE GRASS COVERS AND THE RAIN EFFACES
75. CHAPTER I—M. MYRIEL
76. CHAPTER II—M. MYRIEL BECOMES M. WELCOME
77. 1712. This palace was a genuine seignorial residence. Everything about
78. CHAPTER III—A HARD BISHOPRIC FOR A GOOD BISHOP
79. CHAPTER IV—WORKS CORRESPONDING TO WORDS
80. CHAPTER V—MONSEIGNEUR BIENVENU MADE HIS CASSOCKS LAST TOO LONG
81. CHAPTER VI—WHO GUARDED HIS HOUSE FOR HIM
82. CHAPTER VII—CRAVATTE
83. CHAPTER VIII—PHILOSOPHY AFTER DRINKING
84. CHAPTER IX—THE BROTHER AS DEPICTED BY THE SISTER
85. CHAPTER X—THE BISHOP IN THE PRESENCE OF AN UNKNOWN LIGHT
86. CHAPTER XI—A RESTRICTION
87. CHAPTER XII—THE SOLITUDE OF MONSEIGNEUR WELCOME
88. CHAPTER XIII—WHAT HE BELIEVED
89. CHAPTER XIV—WHAT HE THOUGHT
90. CHAPTER I—THE EVENING OF A DAY OF WALKING
91. CHAPTER II—PRUDENCE COUNSELLED TO WISDOM.
92. CHAPTER III—THE HEROISM OF PASSIVE OBEDIENCE.
93. CHAPTER IV—DETAILS CONCERNING THE CHEESE-DAIRIES OF PONTARLIER.
94. CHAPTER V—TRANQUILLITY
95. CHAPTER VI—JEAN VALJEAN
96. CHAPTER VII—THE INTERIOR OF DESPAIR
97. CHAPTER VIII—BILLOWS AND SHADOWS
98. CHAPTER IX—NEW TROUBLES
99. CHAPTER X—THE MAN AROUSED
100. CHAPTER XI—WHAT HE DOES
101. CHAPTER XII—THE BISHOP WORKS
102. CHAPTER XIII—LITTLE GERVAIS
103. CHAPTER I—THE YEAR 1817
104. CHAPTER II—A DOUBLE QUARTETTE
105. CHAPTER III—FOUR AND FOUR
106. CHAPTER IV—THOLOMYÈS IS SO MERRY THAT HE SINGS A SPANISH DITTY
107. CHAPTER V—AT BOMBARDA’S
108. CHAPTER VI—A CHAPTER IN WHICH THEY ADORE EACH OTHER
109. CHAPTER VII—THE WISDOM OF THOLOMYÈS
110. CHAPTER VIII—THE DEATH OF A HORSE
111. CHAPTER IX—A MERRY END TO MIRTH
112. CHAPTER I—ONE MOTHER MEETS ANOTHER MOTHER
113. CHAPTER II—FIRST SKETCH OF TWO UNPREPOSSESSING FIGURES
114. CHAPTER III—THE LARK
115. CHAPTER I—THE HISTORY OF A PROGRESS IN BLACK GLASS TRINKETS
116. CHAPTER II—MADELEINE
117. CHAPTER III—SUMS DEPOSITED WITH LAFFITTE
118. CHAPTER IV—M. MADELEINE IN MOURNING
119. CHAPTER V—VAGUE FLASHES ON THE HORIZON
120. CHAPTER VI—FATHER FAUCHELEVENT
121. CHAPTER VII—FAUCHELEVENT BECOMES A GARDENER IN PARIS
122. CHAPTER VIII—MADAME VICTURNIEN EXPENDS THIRTY FRANCS ON MORALITY
123. CHAPTER IX—MADAME VICTURNIEN’S SUCCESS
124. CHAPTER X—RESULT OF THE SUCCESS
125. CHAPTER XI—CHRISTUS NOS LIBERAVIT
126. CHAPTER XII—M. BAMATABOIS’S INACTIVITY
127. CHAPTER XIII—THE SOLUTION OF SOME QUESTIONS CONNECTED WITH THE
128. CHAPTER I—THE BEGINNING OF REPOSE
129. CHAPTER II—HOW JEAN MAY BECOME CHAMP
130. CHAPTER I—SISTER SIMPLICE
131. CHAPTER II—THE PERSPICACITY OF MASTER SCAUFFLAIRE
132. CHAPTER III—A TEMPEST IN A SKULL
133. CHAPTER IV—FORMS ASSUMED BY SUFFERING DURING SLEEP
134. CHAPTER V—HINDRANCES
135. CHAPTER VI—SISTER SIMPLICE PUT TO THE PROOF
136. CHAPTER VII—THE TRAVELLER ON HIS ARRIVAL TAKES PRECAUTIONS FOR
137. CHAPTER VIII—AN ENTRANCE BY FAVOR
138. CHAPTER IX—A PLACE WHERE CONVICTIONS ARE IN PROCESS OF FORMATION
139. CHAPTER X—THE SYSTEM OF DENIALS
140. CHAPTER XI—CHAMPMATHIEU MORE AND MORE ASTONISHED
141. CHAPTER I—IN WHAT MIRROR M. MADELEINE CONTEMPLATES HIS HAIR
142. CHAPTER II—FANTINE HAPPY
143. CHAPTER III—JAVERT SATISFIED
144. CHAPTER IV—AUTHORITY REASSERTS ITS RIGHTS
145. CHAPTER V—A SUITABLE TOMB
146. CHAPTER I—WHAT IS MET WITH ON THE WAY FROM NIVELLES
147. CHAPTER II—HOUGOMONT
148. CHAPTER III—THE EIGHTEENTH OF JUNE, 1815
149. CHAPTER IV—A
150. CHAPTER V—THE QUID OBSCURUM OF BATTLES
151. CHAPTER VI—FOUR O’CLOCK IN THE AFTERNOON
152. CHAPTER VII—NAPOLEON IN A GOOD HUMOR
153. CHAPTER VIII—THE EMPEROR PUTS A QUESTION TO THE GUIDE LACOSTE
154. CHAPTER IX—THE UNEXPECTED
155. CHAPTER X—THE PLATEAU OF MONT-SAINT-JEAN
156. CHAPTER XI—A BAD GUIDE TO NAPOLEON; A GOOD GUIDE TO BÜLOW
157. CHAPTER XII—THE GUARD
158. CHAPTER XIII—THE CATASTROPHE
159. CHAPTER XIV—THE LAST SQUARE
160. CHAPTER XV—CAMBRONNE
161. CHAPTER XVI—QUOT LIBRAS IN DUCE?
162. CHAPTER XVII—IS WATERLOO TO BE CONSIDERED GOOD?
163. CHAPTER XVIII—A RECRUDESCENCE OF DIVINE RIGHT
164. CHAPTER XIX—THE BATTLE-FIELD AT NIGHT
165. CHAPTER I—NUMBER 24,601 BECOMES NUMBER 9,430
166. CHAPTER II—IN WHICH THE READER WILL PERUSE TWO VERSES, WHICH ARE OF THE
167. CHAPTER III—THE ANKLE-CHAIN MUST HAVE UNDERGONE A CERTAIN PREPARATORY
168. CHAPTER I—THE WATER QUESTION AT MONTFERMEIL
169. CHAPTER II—TWO COMPLETE PORTRAITS
170. CHAPTER III—MEN MUST HAVE WINE, AND HORSES MUST HAVE WATER
171. CHAPTER IV—ENTRANCE ON THE SCENE OF A DOLL
172. CHAPTER V—THE LITTLE ONE ALL ALONE
173. CHAPTER VI—WHICH POSSIBLY PROVES BOULATRUELLE’S INTELLIGENCE
174. CHAPTER VII—COSETTE SIDE BY SIDE WITH THE STRANGER IN THE DARK
175. CHAPTER VIII—THE UNPLEASANTNESS OF RECEIVING INTO ONE’S HOUSE A POOR
176. CHAPTER IX— THÉNARDIER AND HIS MANŒUVRES
177. CHAPTER X—HE WHO SEEKS TO BETTER HIMSELF MAY RENDER HIS SITUATION WORSE
178. CHAPTER XI—NUMBER 9,430 REAPPEARS, AND COSETTE WINS IT IN THE LOTTERY
179. CHAPTER I—MASTER GORBEAU
180. CHAPTER II—A NEST FOR OWL AND A WARBLER
181. CHAPTER III—TWO MISFORTUNES MAKE ONE PIECE OF GOOD FORTUNE
182. CHAPTER IV—THE REMARKS OF THE PRINCIPAL TENANT
183. CHAPTER V—A FIVE-FRANC PIECE FALLS ON THE GROUND AND PRODUCES A TUMULT
184. CHAPTER I—THE ZIGZAGS OF STRATEGY
185. CHAPTER II—IT IS LUCKY THAT THE PONT D’AUSTERLITZ BEARS CARRIAGES
186. CHAPTER III—TO WIT, THE PLAN OF PARIS IN 1727
187. CHAPTER IV—THE GROPINGS OF FLIGHT
188. CHAPTER V—WHICH WOULD BE IMPOSSIBLE WITH GAS LANTERNS
189. CHAPTER VI—THE BEGINNING OF AN ENIGMA
190. CHAPTER VII—CONTINUATION OF THE ENIGMA
191. CHAPTER VIII—THE ENIGMA BECOMES DOUBLY MYSTERIOUS
192. CHAPTER IX—THE MAN WITH THE BELL
193. CHAPTER X—WHICH EXPLAINS HOW JAVERT GOT ON THE SCENT
194. episode of the thousand-franc bill. She had seen it! She had handled
195. CHAPTER I—NUMBER 62 RUE PETIT-PICPUS
196. CHAPTER II—THE OBEDIENCE OF MARTIN VERGA
197. CHAPTER III—AUSTERITIES
198. CHAPTER IV—GAYETIES
199. CHAPTER V—DISTRACTIONS
200. CHAPTER VI—THE LITTLE CONVENT
201. CHAPTER VII—SOME SILHOUETTES OF THIS DARKNESS
202. CHAPTER VIII—POST CORDA LAPIDES
203. CHAPTER IX—A CENTURY UNDER A GUIMPE
204. CHAPTER X—ORIGIN OF THE PERPETUAL ADORATION
205. CHAPTER XI—END OF THE PETIT-PICPUS
206. CHAPTER I—THE CONVENT AS AN ABSTRACT IDEA
207. CHAPTER II—THE CONVENT AS AN HISTORICAL FACT
208. CHAPTER III—ON WHAT CONDITIONS ONE CAN RESPECT THE PAST
209. CHAPTER IV—THE CONVENT FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF PRINCIPLES
210. CHAPTER V—PRAYER
211. CHAPTER VI—THE ABSOLUTE GOODNESS OF PRAYER
212. CHAPTER VII—PRECAUTIONS TO BE OBSERVED IN BLAME
213. CHAPTER VIII—FAITH, LAW
214. CHAPTER I—WHICH TREATS OF THE MANNER OF ENTERING A CONVENT
215. CHAPTER II—FAUCHELEVENT IN THE PRESENCE OF A DIFFICULTY
216. CHAPTER III—MOTHER INNOCENTE
217. CHAPTER IV—IN WHICH JEAN VALJEAN HAS QUITE THE AIR OF HAVING READ
218. CHAPTER V—IT IS NOT NECESSARY TO BE DRUNK IN ORDER TO BE IMMORTAL
219. CHAPTER VI—BETWEEN FOUR PLANKS
220. CHAPTER VII—IN WHICH WILL BE FOUND THE ORIGIN OF THE SAYING: DON’T LOSE
221. CHAPTER VIII—A SUCCESSFUL INTERROGATORY
222. CHAPTER IX—CLOISTERED
223. CHAPTER I—PARVULUS
224. CHAPTER II—SOME OF HIS PARTICULAR CHARACTERISTICS
225. CHAPTER III—HE IS AGREEABLE
226. CHAPTER IV—HE MAY BE OF USE
227. CHAPTER V—HIS FRONTIERS
228. CHAPTER VI—A BIT OF HISTORY
229. CHAPTER VII—THE GAMIN SHOULD HAVE HIS PLACE IN THE CLASSIFICATIONS OF
230. CHAPTER VIII—IN WHICH THE READER WILL FIND A CHARMING SAYING OF THE
231. CHAPTER IX—THE OLD SOUL OF GAUL
232. CHAPTER X—ECCE PARIS, ECCE HOMO
233. CHAPTER XI—TO SCOFF, TO REIGN
234. CHAPTER XII—THE FUTURE LATENT IN THE PEOPLE
235. CHAPTER XIII—LITTLE GAVROCHE
236. CHAPTER I—NINETY YEARS AND THIRTY-TWO TEETH
237. CHAPTER II—LIKE MASTER, LIKE HOUSE
238. CHAPTER III—LUC-ESPRIT
239. CHAPTER IV—A CENTENARIAN ASPIRANT
240. CHAPTER V—BASQUE AND NICOLETTE
241. CHAPTER VI—IN WHICH MAGNON AND HER TWO CHILDREN ARE SEEN
242. CHAPTER VII—RULE: RECEIVE NO ONE EXCEPT IN THE EVENING
243. CHAPTER VIII—TWO DO NOT MAKE A PAIR
244. CHAPTER I—AN ANCIENT SALON
245. CHAPTER II—ONE OF THE RED SPECTRES OF THAT EPOCH
246. 1794. Pontmercy fought at Spire, at Worms, at Neustadt, at Turkheim, at
247. CHAPTER III—REQUIESCANT
248. introduction into history of M. le Marquis de Bonaparte,
249. CHAPTER IV—END OF THE BRIGAND
250. CHAPTER V—THE UTILITY OF GOING TO MASS, IN ORDER TO BECOME A
251. CHAPTER VI—THE CONSEQUENCES OF HAVING MET A WARDEN
252. CHAPTER VII—SOME PETTICOAT
253. CHAPTER VIII—MARBLE AGAINST GRANITE
254. CHAPTER I—A GROUP WHICH BARELY MISSED BECOMING HISTORIC
255. CHAPTER II—BLONDEAU’S FUNERAL ORATION BY BOSSUET
256. CHAPTER III—MARIUS’ ASTONISHMENTS
257. CHAPTER IV—THE BACK ROOM OF THE CAFÉ MUSAIN
258. CHAPTER V—ENLARGEMENT OF HORIZON
259. CHAPTER VI—RES ANGUSTA
260. CHAPTER I—MARIUS INDIGENT
261. CHAPTER II—MARIUS POOR
262. CHAPTER III—MARIUS GROWN UP
263. CHAPTER IV—M. MABEUF
264. CHAPTER V—POVERTY A GOOD NEIGHBOR FOR MISERY
265. CHAPTER VI—THE SUBSTITUTE
266. CHAPTER I—THE SOBRIQUET: MODE OF FORMATION OF FAMILY NAMES
267. CHAPTER II—LUX FACTA EST
268. CHAPTER III—EFFECT OF THE SPRING
269. CHAPTER IV—BEGINNING OF A GREAT MALADY
270. CHAPTER V—DIVERS CLAPS OF THUNDER FALL ON MA’AM BOUGON
271. CHAPTER VI—TAKEN PRISONER
272. CHAPTER VII—ADVENTURES OF THE LETTER U DELIVERED OVER TO CONJECTURES
273. CHAPTER VIII—THE VETERANS THEMSELVES CAN BE HAPPY
274. CHAPTER IX—ECLIPSE
275. CHAPTER I—MINES AND MINERS
276. CHAPTER II—THE LOWEST DEPTHS
277. CHAPTER III—BABET, GUEULEMER, CLAQUESOUS, AND MONTPARNASSE
278. CHAPTER IV—COMPOSITION OF THE TROUPE
279. CHAPTER I—MARIUS, WHILE SEEKING A GIRL IN A BONNET, ENCOUNTERS A MAN IN
280. CHAPTER II—TREASURE TROVE
281. CHAPTER III—QUADRIFRONS
282. CHAPTER IV—A ROSE IN MISERY
283. CHAPTER V—A PROVIDENTIAL PEEP-HOLE
284. CHAPTER VI—THE WILD MAN IN HIS LAIR
285. CHAPTER VII—STRATEGY AND TACTICS
286. CHAPTER VIII—THE RAY OF LIGHT IN THE HOVEL
287. CHAPTER IX—JONDRETTE COMES NEAR WEEPING
288. CHAPTER X—TARIFF OF LICENSED CABS: TWO FRANCS AN HOUR
289. CHAPTER XI—OFFERS OF SERVICE FROM MISERY TO WRETCHEDNESS
290. CHAPTER XII—THE USE MADE OF M. LEBLANC’S FIVE-FRANC PIECE
291. CHAPTER XIII—SOLUS CUM SOLO, IN LOCO REMOTO, NON COGITABUNTUR ORARE
292. CHAPTER XIV—IN WHICH A POLICE AGENT BESTOWS TWO FISTFULS ON A LAWYER
293. CHAPTER XV—JONDRETTE MAKES HIS PURCHASES
294. CHAPTER XVI—IN WHICH WILL BE FOUND THE WORDS TO AN ENGLISH AIR WHICH
295. CHAPTER XVII—THE USE MADE OF MARIUS’ FIVE-FRANC PIECE
296. CHAPTER XVIII—MARIUS’ TWO CHAIRS FORM A VIS-A-VIS
297. CHAPTER XIX—OCCUPYING ONE’S SELF WITH OBSCURE DEPTHS
298. CHAPTER XX—THE TRAP
299. CHAPTER XXI—ONE SHOULD ALWAYS BEGIN BY ARRESTING THE VICTIMS
300. CHAPTER XXII—THE LITTLE ONE WHO WAS CRYING IN VOLUME TWO
301. CHAPTER I—WELL CUT
302. CHAPTER II—BADLY SEWED
303. CHAPTER III—LOUIS PHILIPPE
304. CHAPTER IV—CRACKS BENEATH THE FOUNDATION
305. CHAPTER V—FACTS WHENCE HISTORY SPRINGS AND WHICH HISTORY IGNORES
306. CHAPTER VI—ENJOLRAS AND HIS LIEUTENANTS
307. CHAPTER I—THE LARK’S MEADOW
308. CHAPTER II—EMBRYONIC FORMATION OF CRIMES IN THE INCUBATION OF PRISONS
309. CHAPTER III—APPARITION TO FATHER MABEUF
310. CHAPTER IV—AN APPARITION TO MARIUS
311. CHAPTER I—THE HOUSE WITH A SECRET
312. CHAPTER II—JEAN VALJEAN AS A NATIONAL GUARD
313. 1831. The municipal information collected at that time had even reached
314. CHAPTER III—FOLIIS AC FRONDIBUS
315. CHAPTER IV—CHANGE OF GATE
316. CHAPTER V—THE ROSE PERCEIVES THAT IT IS AN ENGINE OF WAR
317. CHAPTER VI—THE BATTLE BEGUN
318. CHAPTER VII—TO ONE SADNESS OPPOSE A SADNESS AND A HALF
319. CHAPTER VIII—THE CHAIN-GANG
320. CHAPTER I—A WOUND WITHOUT, HEALING WITHIN
321. CHAPTER II—MOTHER PLUTARQUE FINDS NO DIFFICULTY IN EXPLAINING A
322. CHAPTER I—SOLITUDE AND THE BARRACKS COMBINED
323. CHAPTER II—COSETTE’S APPREHENSIONS
324. CHAPTER III—ENRICHED WITH COMMENTARIES BY TOUSSAINT
325. CHAPTER IV—A HEART BENEATH A STONE
326. CHAPTER V—COSETTE AFTER THE LETTER
327. CHAPTER VI—OLD PEOPLE ARE MADE TO GO OUT OPPORTUNELY
328. CHAPTER I—THE MALICIOUS PLAYFULNESS OF THE WIND
329. CHAPTER II—IN WHICH LITTLE GAVROCHE EXTRACTS PROFIT FROM NAPOLEON THE
330. CHAPTER III—THE VICISSITUDES OF FLIGHT
331. CHAPTER I—ORIGIN
332. CHAPTER II—ROOTS
333. CHAPTER III—SLANG WHICH WEEPS AND SLANG WHICH LAUGHS
334. CHAPTER IV—THE TWO DUTIES: TO WATCH AND TO HOPE
335. CHAPTER I—FULL LIGHT
336. CHAPTER II—THE BEWILDERMENT OF PERFECT HAPPINESS
337. CHAPTER III—THE BEGINNING OF SHADOW
338. CHAPTER IV—A CAB RUNS IN ENGLISH AND BARKS IN SLANG
339. CHAPTER V—THINGS OF THE NIGHT
340. CHAPTER VI—MARIUS BECOMES PRACTICAL ONCE MORE TO THE EXTENT OF GIVING
341. CHAPTER VII—THE OLD HEART AND THE YOUNG HEART IN THE PRESENCE OF EACH
342. CHAPTER I—JEAN VALJEAN
343. CHAPTER II—MARIUS
344. CHAPTER III—M. MABEUF
345. CHAPTER I—THE SURFACE OF THE QUESTION
346. CHAPTER II—THE ROOT OF THE MATTER
347. CHAPTER III—A BURIAL; AN OCCASION TO BE BORN AGAIN
348. CHAPTER IV—THE EBULLITIONS OF FORMER DAYS
349. CHAPTER V—ORIGINALITY OF PARIS
350. CHAPTER I—SOME EXPLANATIONS WITH REGARD TO THE ORIGIN OF GAVROCHE’S
351. CHAPTER II—GAVROCHE ON THE MARCH
352. CHAPTER III—JUST INDIGNATION OF A HAIR-DRESSER
353. CHAPTER IV—THE CHILD IS AMAZED AT THE OLD MAN
354. CHAPTER V—THE OLD MAN
355. CHAPTER VI—RECRUITS
356. CHAPTER I—HISTORY OF CORINTHE FROM ITS FOUNDATION
357. CHAPTER II—PRELIMINARY GAYETIES
358. CHAPTER III—NIGHT BEGINS TO DESCEND UPON GRANTAIRE
359. CHAPTER IV—AN ATTEMPT TO CONSOLE THE WIDOW HUCHELOUP
360. CHAPTER V—PREPARATIONS
361. CHAPTER VI—WAITING
362. CHAPTER VII—THE MAN RECRUITED IN THE RUE DES BILLETTES
363. CHAPTER VIII—MANY INTERROGATION POINTS WITH REGARD TO A CERTAIN LE
364. CHAPTER I—FROM THE RUE PLUMET TO THE QUARTIER SAINT-DENIS
365. CHAPTER II—AN OWL’S VIEW OF PARIS
366. CHAPTER III—THE EXTREME EDGE
367. CHAPTER I—THE FLAG: ACT FIRST
368. CHAPTER II—THE FLAG: ACT SECOND
369. CHAPTER III—GAVROCHE WOULD HAVE DONE BETTER TO ACCEPT ENJOLRAS’ CARBINE
370. CHAPTER IV—THE BARREL OF POWDER
371. CHAPTER V—END OF THE VERSES OF JEAN PROUVAIRE
372. CHAPTER VI—THE AGONY OF DEATH AFTER THE AGONY OF LIFE
373. CHAPTER VII—GAVROCHE AS A PROFOUND CALCULATOR OF DISTANCES
374. CHAPTER I—A DRINKER IS A BABBLER
375. CHAPTER II—THE STREET URCHIN AN ENEMY OF LIGHT
376. CHAPTER III—WHILE COSETTE AND TOUSSAINT ARE ASLEEP
377. CHAPTER IV—GAVROCHE’S EXCESS OF ZEAL
378. CHAPTER I—THE CHARYBDIS OF THE FAUBOURG SAINT ANTOINE AND THE SCYLLA OF
379. CHAPTER II—WHAT IS TO BE DONE IN THE ABYSS IF ONE DOES NOT CONVERSE
380. CHAPTER III—LIGHT AND SHADOW
381. CHAPTER IV—MINUS FIVE, PLUS ONE
382. CHAPTER V—THE HORIZON WHICH ONE BEHOLDS FROM THE SUMMIT OF A BARRICADE
383. CHAPTER VI—MARIUS HAGGARD, JAVERT LACONIC
384. CHAPTER VII—THE SITUATION BECOMES AGGRAVATED
385. CHAPTER VIII—THE ARTILLERY-MEN COMPEL PEOPLE TO TAKE THEM SERIOUSLY
386. CHAPTER IX—EMPLOYMENT OF THE OLD TALENTS OF A POACHER AND THAT
387. CHAPTER X—DAWN
388. CHAPTER XI—THE SHOT WHICH MISSES NOTHING AND KILLS NO ONE
389. CHAPTER XII—DISORDER A PARTISAN OF ORDER
390. 1832. Captain Fannicot, a bold and impatient bourgeois, a sort of
391. CHAPTER XIII—PASSING GLEAMS
392. CHAPTER XIV—WHEREIN WILL APPEAR THE NAME OF ENJOLRAS’ MISTRESS
393. CHAPTER XV—GAVROCHE OUTSIDE
394. CHAPTER XVI—HOW FROM A BROTHER ONE BECOMES A FATHER
395. CHAPTER XVII—MORTUUS PATER FILIUM MORITURUM EXPECTAT
396. CHAPTER XVIII—THE VULTURE BECOME PREY
397. CHAPTER XIX—JEAN VALJEAN TAKES HIS REVENGE
398. CHAPTER XX—THE DEAD ARE IN THE RIGHT AND THE LIVING ARE NOT IN THE
399. CHAPTER XXI—THE HEROES
400. CHAPTER XXII—FOOT TO FOOT
401. CHAPTER XXIII—ORESTES FASTING AND PYLADES DRUNK
402. CHAPTER XXIV—PRISONER
403. CHAPTER I—THE LAND IMPOVERISHED BY THE SEA
404. CHAPTER II—ANCIENT HISTORY OF THE SEWER
405. CHAPTER III—BRUNESEAU
406. CHAPTER IV
407. CHAPTER V—PRESENT PROGRESS
408. CHAPTER VI—FUTURE PROGRESS
409. 1806. All sorts of obstacles hindered this operation, some peculiar to
410. CHAPTER I—THE SEWER AND ITS SURPRISES
411. CHAPTER II—EXPLANATION
412. CHAPTER III—THE “SPUN” MAN
413. CHAPTER IV—HE ALSO BEARS HIS CROSS
414. CHAPTER V—IN THE CASE OF SAND AS IN THAT OF WOMAN, THERE IS A FINENESS
415. CHAPTER VI—THE FONTIS
416. CHAPTER VII—ONE SOMETIMES RUNS AGROUND WHEN ONE FANCIES THAT ONE IS
417. CHAPTER VIII—THE TORN COAT-TAIL
418. CHAPTER IX—MARIUS PRODUCES ON SOME ONE WHO IS A JUDGE OF THE MATTER,
419. CHAPTER X—RETURN OF THE SON WHO WAS PRODIGAL OF HIS LIFE
420. CHAPTER XI—CONCUSSION IN THE ABSOLUTE
421. CHAPTER XII—THE GRANDFATHER
422. CHAPTER I
423. CHAPTER I—IN WHICH THE TREE WITH THE ZINC PLASTER APPEARS AGAIN
424. CHAPTER II—MARIUS, EMERGING FROM CIVIL WAR, MAKES READY FOR DOMESTIC
425. CHAPTER III—MARIUS ATTACKED
426. 7. Ah! There we have it! Ah! so you want her! Well, you shall have her.
427. CHAPTER IV—MADEMOISELLE GILLENORMAND ENDS BY NO LONGER THINKING IT A
428. CHAPTER V—DEPOSIT YOUR MONEY IN A FOREST RATHER THAN WITH A NOTARY
429. CHAPTER VI—THE TWO OLD MEN DO EVERYTHING, EACH ONE AFTER HIS OWN
430. CHAPTER VII—THE EFFECTS OF DREAMS MINGLED WITH HAPPINESS
431. CHAPTER VIII—TWO MEN IMPOSSIBLE TO FIND
432. CHAPTER I—THE 16TH OF FEBRUARY, 1833
433. CHAPTER II—JEAN VALJEAN STILL WEARS HIS ARM IN A SLING
434. CHAPTER III—THE INSEPARABLE
435. CHAPTER IV—THE IMMORTAL LIVER 68
436. CHAPTER I—THE SEVENTH CIRCLE AND THE EIGHTH HEAVEN
437. CHAPTER II—THE OBSCURITIES WHICH A REVELATION CAN CONTAIN
438. CHAPTER I—THE LOWER CHAMBER
439. CHAPTER II—ANOTHER STEP BACKWARDS
440. CHAPTER III—THEY RECALL THE GARDEN OF THE RUE PLUMET
441. CHAPTER IV—ATTRACTION AND EXTINCTION
442. CHAPTER I—PITY FOR THE UNHAPPY, BUT INDULGENCE FOR THE HAPPY
443. CHAPTER II—LAST FLICKERINGS OF A LAMP WITHOUT OIL
444. CHAPTER III—A PEN IS HEAVY TO THE MAN WHO LIFTED THE FAUCHELEVENT’S
445. CHAPTER IV—A BOTTLE OF INK WHICH ONLY SUCCEEDED IN WHITENING
446. CHAPTER V—A NIGHT BEHIND WHICH THERE IS DAY
447. CHAPTER VI—THE GRASS COVERS AND THE RAIN EFFACES
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