Introduction jigging sieve, 283

Mining law, 77; 84-85 Descent into Mines, =212= Devon. Mining law, 85 Dilleugher, 267 Dioptra, 129 _Diphrygum_, 404 Dip of Veins, =65-75= Dippas, 101 Dippers, =157= Of pumps, =172= _Discretores_ (_see_ Sorters). Distillation, 441 For making nitric acid, =441= Of amalgam, =244= Of quicksilver, =426-432= _Distributor_, 78 Divining Rod, =38-40=; 38; 40 Divisions of the Compass, =56=; =57= Drainage of Mines, =121=; =171-198= With buckets, =171= With chain pumps, =172= With rag and chain pumps, =188= With suction pumps, =172= With water bags, =198= Drawing. Knowledge necessary for miners, =4= Drifts, =104=; =105=; 101 Timbering of, =125= Drusy Veins, =107=; 107 "Drying" Liquation Residues (_see also_ Liquation), =527-529=; 491; 492 Furnaces for, =521=; =526=; 492 Silver extracted by, =529= Slags from, 523 Dumps, Working of, =30= Dust Chambers, =394=; =416=; 354 Dutins, (Timbers), 101 Dynamite, 119 "Earths." Agricola's view of, 1; 46; 48 Extraordinary, =115= Peripatetic view of, 46; 47 Egyptians. Alluvial mining, 330 Antimony, 428 Bronze, 402; 411 Copper smelting, 402 Crushing and concentration, 279 Furnaces, 355 Glass making, 586 Gold mining, 399 Iron, 421 Maps, 129 Mining law, 83 Silver and lead metallurgy, 390 Tin, 411; 412 Egyptian Screw (_see_ Archimedes, Screw of). Eifel. Spalling ore, =272= _Eisenertz_ (_see_ Ironstone). _Eisenglantz_ (_see_ Ironstone). Eisleben. Heap roasting, =279=; 274 _Electrum_, 458; 2; 35 Elements, Peripatetic Theory of, 44 Emery, 115 Erbisdorff. Tin strakes, =304= _Excoctores_ (_see_ Smelters). Exhalations. From veins, =38=; =44= Exhausted Liquation Cakes (_see_ Liquation Cakes, Exhausted). Fans, Ventilation, =203-207= Fathom, 616; =77=; 78 _Federwis_, (_see also_ Asbestos), 114; 274 Feldspar, 114 _Ferrugo_ (_see_ Iron-rust). _Ferrum purum_ (_see_ Native Iron). _Fibrae_ (_see_ Stringers). Fineness, Scales of, 253; 617 Fire-setting, =118-120=; 118-119 Firstum Mines (_see_ Fuerst). Fissure Vein (_see_ _Vena profunda_). Flame. Determination of metal by, =235= Determination of required flux by, =235= Flint, as a Flux, 380 Float, from Veins, =37= Flookan, 101 Flue-dust, =394-396= _Fluores_ (_see_ Fluorspar). Fluorspar, 115; 380; 381 Indication of ore, =116= _Fluesse_ (_see_ Fluorspar). Fluxes (_see also_ Argol, Saltpetre, Limestone, Stones which easily melt, _etc._), =232-239=; 232; 237; 380; 221 Basic, 237 De-sulphurizing, =236=; 237 For smelting, =379=; =380=; =386=; =390= Reducing, =236=; 237 Stock fluxes for assaying, =236= Sulphurizing, =236=; 237 Footwall, =68=; =117= Forehearth, =356=; =375-378=; =386=; 355 For tin furnaces, =411=; =413= Foreman (_see_ Mining Foreman). Forest-Fires, =36=; 36 Forest of Dean, 84 Forest of Mendip, 84 _Formae_, 101 _Fossa latens_ (_see also_ Drifts), 101 _Fossa latens transversa_ (_see also_ Crosscuts), 101 _Fossores_ (_see_ Miners). Founders' Hoards, 355; 402 Fractional Meers, =80= France. Mediaeval mining law, 84 Free Mining Cities, 84 Freiberg, =XXXI.= Age of the mines, =5= Bergmeister, =95= Division of shares, =81=; =90=; =91= First discovery of veins, =35=; 36 Flooding of mines, =218= Method of cupellation, =482= Fullers' Earth, 115 Fumes. From heated ore, =235= Poisonous, =215-216= _Fundamentum_ (_see also_ Footwall), 101 _Fundgrube_ (_see also_ Meer), 77 Furnaces, =374-378=; =386=; =388=; 355; 492 Assaying (_see_ Assay Furnaces). Bismuth smelting, =433-437= Burning tin concentrates, =349= Cementation, =455= Copper smelting, =401-408= Cupellation, =467-468=; =482-483= "Drying" liquated copper, =522-526= Enriching copper bottoms, =510= Gold and silver ores, =382-384= Heating copper cakes, =503= Iron smelting, =420-421=; 420 Latin and German terms, 220 Lead ores, =408-410= Liquation of silver, =515= Melting lead cakes, =498= Nitric acid making, =441= Parting precious metals with antimony, =452-453= Quicksilver distillation, =426-432= Refining copper, =531-533= Refining silver, =483=; =489= Refining tin, =418= Roasting, =276-277= Smelting liquation slags, =507= Tin smelting, =411-413=; =419= Furnace Accretions, 113; 221; 492 Removal of, =376= Furnace Hoods, =494= Fuerst. Mines of, =24=; 24 _Gaarherd_ (_see_ Refining-hearth). _Gaarmachen_ (_see_ Copper Refining). Gad, 150 Galena, 51; 109; 110; 221 Bismuth distinguished from, 3 Smelting of, =400-401= Gangue Minerals, 48 Garlic. Magnet weakened by, =39= Garnets, =334= Gases (_see also_ Fumes) From fire-setting, =120= _Gedigen eisen, silber_, etc. (_see_ Native Iron, Silver, etc.). _Gel atrament_ (_see_ _Misy_). Gems, =115=; 1 Geology. Agricola's views, 595 Germans. English mining influenced by, 283 Mining men imported into England, 282 Ore-dressing methods, 281-282 _Geschwornen_ (in Saxon mines), 77 Geyer, =XXXI=; =42=; VI. Shafts, 102 Tin-strakes, =304= Gilding, 460 Removal from objects, =460=; =464= Gips (_see_ Gypsum). Gittelde. Smelting of lead ore, =391= _Glantz_ (_see_ Galena). _Glasertz_ (_see_ Silver Glance). _Glaskoepfe_ (_see_ Ironstone). Glass, =584-592= Blowing, =592= Furnaces, =586-590= From sand, 380 Glass-galls, 235; 221 As a flux, =235=; =238=; =243=; =246= Use in parting gold from copper, =464= Use in smelting gold concentrates, =397=; =398= _Glette_ (_see_ Litharge). _Glimmer_ (_see_ Mica). Gnomes. In mines, =217=; 112; 214; 217 Goblins (_see_ Gnomes). God's Gift Mine (_see_ Gottsgaab Mine). Gold (_see also_ Gold Ores, Parting, Smelting, Stamp-Mill, _etc._). Alluvial mining, =321-336=; 330 Alluvial streams, =75= Amalgamation, 297 Gold-dust, =396= Historical notes, 399; 354 Indications of, =108=; =116= Lust for, not the fault of the metal, =16= Minerals, 108 Minerals associated with, =108-109= Smelting of ores, =381-382=; =386=; =388=; =390=; =396= Wickedness caused by, =9-10= Gold Concentrates, =396-399=; 398 Golden Fleece, =330=; 330 Gold Ores, =107-108= Amalgamation, =295-299=; 297 Assay by amalgamation, =243-244= Assay by fire, =242-243= Flux used in assaying, =235= Flux used in smelting, =398= Smelting in blast furnace, =398-400= Smelting cupriferous ores, =404-407= Smelting in lead bath, =399= Smelting pyritiferous ore, =398-401= Stamp-milling, =321= _Goldstein_ (_see_ Touchstone). Goslar, =5=; =37=; 37 Lead smelting, =408= Native zinc vitriol, 572 Roasting ores, =274=; 274 Spalling hard ore, =271= Goslarite, 113; 572 Gottsgaab Mine, VI; VII; =74=; 74 Gounce, 267 Grand Canal of China, 129 Granulation Methods for Bullion, =444= Granulation of Copper, =250= Greeks. Antimony, 428 Brass making, 410 Copper smelting, 403 Iron and steel making, 421 Metallurgy from Egypt, 402 Mining law, 83 Ore dressing, 281 Quicksilver, 432 Silver-lead smelting, 391 Smelting appliances, 355 Grey Antimony (_see also_ _Stibium_), 110; 221; 428 Griffins, 331 Groom of the Chamber. Right to a meer, =81= Groove (_see also_ Shafts), 101 Ground Sluices, =336-337= Ground Waters, 46-48 _Gruenspan_ (_see_ Verdigris). _Gulden_, 92; 419 Gunpowder. First use for blasting in mines, 119 Invention of, 562 Gypsum, 114 Hade, 101 _Haematites_ (_see_ Ironstone). _Halinitrum_ (_see_ Saltpetre). Halle, Salt Industry, =552= Hammers, =151= With water power, =423= Hangingwall, =68=; =117= Harz Miners. Agricola consulted, VII. Antimony sulphide, 428 First mining charter, 84 First stamp-mill, 282 Pumps, =194= Hauling Appliances (_see also_ Whims _and_ Windlasses), =160-168=; 149 Heap Roasting, =274-276= Hearth-lead (_see also_ _Molybdaena_), =475=; 476; 110; 221 As a flux, =232= Use in smelting, =379=; =398=; =400= Hearths. For bismuth smelting, =433-437= For melting lead, =390=; =498= Heavenly Host Mine (_see_ _Himmelisch Hoez_ Mine). Heavy Spar, 115 Hebrews. Knowledge of antimony, 428 Silver-lead smelting, 391 Term for tin, 412 Hematite, 111 Hemicycle (_Hemicyclium_), =137-138= _Heraclion_ (_see_ Lodestone). _Herdplei_ (_see_ Hearth-Lead). Hiero, King, =247=; 247 High Peak (Derbyshire). Mining law, 84 Nomenclature in mines, 77 Saxon customs, connection with, 77; 85 _Himmelisch Hoez_ mine, =74=; =92=; 75 Hoe, =152= Holidays of Miners, =99= Horn Silver, 109 Horns of Deer, =230= Hornstone, =116=; 114 Hungary. Cupellation, =483= _Huettenrauch_ (_see_ _Pompholyx_). Iglau, Charter of, 84 Incense in Cupellation Furnaces, =472= Indications of Ore, =106=; =107=; =116= _Ingestores_ (_see_ Shovellers). India. Steel, 423 Zinc, 409 _Intervenium_, =51=; =50= Investment in Mines, =26-29= Iron, 420; 354; 111 Cast, 420 Censure of, =11= Indications of, =116= Malleable, 420 Smelting, =420-426= Sulphur harmful to, =273= Iron Age, 420 Iron Filings (_see also_ Iron-Scales), 221 Use in assaying, =234=; =238=; =246= Iron Ore. Assaying of, =247= Smelting of, =420-426= Iron-rust, =116=; =474=; 1; 111 Iron-scales, 221 Flux, =234= Use in smelting gold, =398= Use in smelting silver, =400= Use in making nitric acid, =440= Use in parting gold from copper, =464= Iron-slag, 221 As a flux, =234=; =235= Ironstone, =390=; 111 Italians. Alluvial mining in Germany, =334= Italy. Mining formerly forbidden, =8= Jade, 114 Japan. Steel, 423 Jasper, 111; 2 _Jaspis_, 114 Jet, 34 Jigging Sieve, =310=; 267; 283 Joachimsthal, VI. First stamp-mill, 281 Mining shares and profits, =91=; =92= _Juedenstein_ (_see_ _Lapis Judaicus_). Juices, 1; 47 Agricola's theory, 46; 52 From springs and streams, =33= Stone juice, 46; 49 Tastes of, =34= Juices, Solidified. Agricola's view of, 1; 49 Extraction of metals from, =350= Preparation of, =545= Julian Alps. Stamp-milling in, =319= Junctions (_see_ Veins, Intersections of). _Jurati_ (_see_ Jurors). Jurors, =22=; =92=; =96=; 78 In English mining custom, 85 Relations to Bergmeister, =95=; 77 Justinian Code. Mines, 84 _Kalchstein_ (_see_ Limestone). _Kammschale_, 127 Kaolinite (_see_ Porcelain Clay). _Katzensilber_ (_see_ Mica). King. Deputy, =94= Right to a meer, =81= _Kinstock_ (_see_ Liquation Cakes, Exhausted). _Kis_ (_see_ Pyrites). Knockers (_see_ Gnomes). _Kobelt_ (_see_ Cobalt). Koelergang Vein, =42= Koenigsberg. Fire-setting, 119 _Kupferglas ertz_ (_see_ Copper Glance). _Kupferschiefer_ (_see_ Copper Schists). Kuttenberg. Depths of shafts, 102 Labour Condition in Mining Title, =92=; 83-85 Lacedaemonians (_see_ Spartans). _Lachter_ (_see_ Fathom). Ladderways in Shafts, =124=; =212= Ladle for Bullion, =382= _Lapis aerarius_ (_see_ Copper Ore). _Lapis alabandicus_, 380 _Lapis Judaicus_, =115=; 115 _Lapis specularis_ (_see_ Gypsum). Laths (Lagging), 101 La Tolfa. Alum manufacture, 565 Discovery of, 570 Laurion (Laurium), Mt. (_see_ Mt. Laurion, Mines of). Lautental, Liquation at, 491 Law (_see_ Mining Law). Law-suits over Shares in Mines, =94= Lead, 354; 390; 110 Censure of, =11= Cupellation, =464-483= Melting prior to liquation, =500= In liquation cakes, =505-506=; 505; 506 Refining silver, =483-490= Smelting of ores, =388-392=; =400= Use in assaying, =232=; =239=; =242=; =244=; =249=; =251= Washing in sluices, =347= Lead-ash, =237=; 237; 221 As a flux, =234= Use in parting gold from copper, =463= Lead Bath, =381= Lead-glass, 236 Lead Granules, =239=; =463=; 221 Leading (in liquation), =304=; =507=; =513=; 491; 492; 504 Components of the charge, =505-509= Lead Ochre, 232; 110; 221 Lead Ore. Assay methods, =245-246= Roasting, =275= Smelting in blast furnace, =390=; =408= Lease, in Australian Title, 77 Leaves, Preparation of Bullion into, =444= Leberthal, 24 Lees of _aqua_ which separates Gold from Silver, 234; 443; 221 As a flux, =234=; =238= Lees of Vinegar (_see also_ Argol), 221 As a flux, =234=; =236=; =243=; 234 Lees of Wine (_see_ Argol). Lemnos, Island of, =31= Lemnian Earth, 31 Leprosy of House Walls (_see_ Saltpetre). Level (_see also_ Drift), 101 Level, Plummet (_see_ Plummet Level). Limestone, 114; 221 As a flux, =236=; =390= Limonite, 111 Limp, 267 Linares. Hannibal's mines near, 42 Lipari Islands. Alum from, 566 Liquated Silver-lead (_see_ _Stannum_ _and_ Silver-lead). Liquation, =519-521=; 491; 519 Ash-coloured copper from, =529= Buildings for, 491 Furnace, =515-518=; 492 Historical note on, 494 Losses, 491; 539 Nomenclature, 492 Liquation Cakes, =505-509=; 492; 505; 506 Enrichment of the lead, =512=; 512 Extraction of silver from, 512 From bye-products of liquation, =539-540= From copper bottoms, =512=; 512 Proportion of lead in rich silver copper, =509= Liquation Cakes, Exhausted, =521-526=; =406=; 492; 520 Liquation Slags, 509; 492; 541 Furnaces for, =507= Treatment of, =541= Liquation Thorns, =522=; =539=; 492; 539; 540 From cupellation, =543=; 543 From "drying" copper residues, =529= Litharge (_see also_ Cupellation), =475=; =232-238=; 466; 476; 110; 222 Use in reducing silver nitrate, =447= Use in smelting, =379=; =398=; =400= _Lithargyrum_ (_see_ Litharge). Lodestone, =115=; 111; 115; 2 Compass, 57 _Los Pozos de Anibal_, 42 _Lotores_ (_see_ Washers). Lusitania. Gold alluvial, =347= Sluices for gold washing, =325= Tin smelting, =419= Lute, 1 Preparation of for furnace linings, =375-376= Lydia. Mining law, 83 The King's mines, 27 Lye, =558=; 221; 233 Use in making fluxes, =236= Use in parting, =463= _Magister Metallicorum_ (_see_ Bergmeister). _Magister Monetariorum_ (_see_ Master of the Mint). _Magnes_ (_see also_ Lodestone _and_ Manganese), =585=; 111; 115; 585 Magnet, =247= Garlic, =39= _Magnetis_ (_see_ Mica). Magnetite, 111 Malachite, 109; 221 Maladies of Miners, =214-217= Maltha, 581 Manager (_see_ Mine Manager). Manganese, 586; 354 Mannsfeld Copper Slates, =126-127=; =279=; 127; 273 Map-making, 129 Marble, =115=; 2; 114 Marcasite, 111; 112; 409 _Marga_ (_see_ Marl). Marienberg, =XXXI=; VI. Marl, 114 Marmelstein (_see_ Marble). _Marmor_ (_see_ Marble). _Marmor alabastrites_ (_see_ Alabaster). _Marmor glarea_, 114 Massicot (_see also_ Lead Ochre), 110; 221; 232 Master of the Horse, =81= Master of the Mint, =95=; 78 Matte (_see_ Cakes of Melted Pyrites). Matte Smelting, =404-407= Measure (unit of mining area), =78=; 78 Measures, 616-617; 78; 550 Medicine. Knowledge necessary for miners, =3= _Medulla saxorum_ (_see_ Porcelain Clay). Meer, =77-89= Boundary stones, =87= On _vena cumulata_, =87= On _vena dilatata_, =86= Meissen. Dumps from mines, =312= _Melanteria_, =117=; 112; 573 Indication of copper, =116= Melanterite, 111 Melos, Island of, 566 _Menning_ (_see_ Red-lead). _Mergel_ (_see_ Marl). Metals, 2; 44; 51 Advantages and uses, =19=; =20= Necessity to man, =XXV=; =12-13= Not responsible for evil passions, =15= _Metreta_, 153 Mexico. Patio process, 297 Mica, 114 Middle Ages, Mining Law of, 84 Mills for Grinding Ore, =294-299=; 280 Mimes (_see also_ Gnomes), 217 Mine Captain, =26=; 77 Mine Manager, =97=; =98=; 77; 78 Mineral Kingdom, Agricola's Divisions of, 1 Minerals, 594; 108; 48; 51 Compound, 2; 51 Mixed, 2; 51 Miners, =1-4=; =25=; 78 Duties and punishments, =100=; =22= Law (_see_ Mining Law). Litigation among, =21= Slaves as, =23= Mines. Abandonment of, =217= Conditions desirable, =30-33= Investments in, =26-29= Management of, =25=; =26= Names of, =42= Mines Royal, Company of, 283 Mining (_see also_ Sett, Lease, Claim, Meer, _etc._). Criticisms of, =4-12= Harmless and honourable, =14=; =20=; =23= Methods of breaking ore, =117-118= Stoping, =125= Mining Clerk, =93=; =95=; =96=; 78 Mining Companies (_see_ Companies, Mining). Mining Foreman, =98-99=; 78 Frauds by, =21-22= Mining Law, 82-86 Boundary stones, =87= Drainage requirements, =92-93= England, 84-86 Europe, 84 Forfeiture of title, =92-93= France, 84 Greek and Roman, 83 Middle Ages, 84-85 Right of Overlord, Landowner, State and Miner, 82 Tunnels, =88-89= Mining Prefect, =26=; =94=; 78 Mining Rights (_see_ Mining Law _and_ Meer). Mining Terms, Old English, 77; 101 Mining Tools, =149-153= Buckets for ore, =153-154= Buckets for water, =157= Trucks, =156= Wheelbarrows, =155= _Minium_, 111 Quicksilver from, 433 Red-lead, 232 _Minium secundarium_ (_see_ Red-lead). Mispickel (_Mistpuckel_), 111 _Misy_ (the mineral), 573; 111; 403 An indication of copper, =116= Use in parting gold and silver, 459 _Mitlere und obere offenbrueche_ (_see_ Furnace Accretions). _Modius_, 617; 405 Moglitz. Tin working, =318= Moil, 150 _Molybdaena_, 110; 221; 476; 400; 408 Term for lead carbonates, 400; 408 Molybdenite, 477 _Monetarius_ (_see_ Coiners). Money, Assaying of, =251-252= Morano Glass Factories, =592= Moravia. Cupellation, =483= Stamp-milling, =321= Washing gold ore, =324= Mordants, 569 Mortar-box, =279-280=; =312=; =319=; 267 Mountains. Formation of, =595= Mt. Bermius. Gold Mines of, =26=; 27 Mt. Laurion, Mines of, =27=; 27-29; 391 Crushing and concentration of ores, 281 Cupellation, 465 Mining law, 83 Smelting appliances, 355 Xenophon on, =6= Mt. Sinai. Ancient copper smelting, 355; 402 Muffle Furnaces, =224-228=; =239= Muffles, =227=; =239=; 222 Refining silver, =489-490= Muehlberg, Battle of, X. _Murrhina_ (_see_ Chalcedony). Muskets, =11= Mycenae. Copper, 402 Silver-lead smelting, 391 Names of Mines, =42= Naphtha, 581 Native Copper, 109 Native Iron, 111 Native Minerals, =107= Native Silver, =269=; 109 Natron (_see_ _Nitrum_). Neolithic Furnaces, 355 Neusohl, Method of Screening Ore, =290= Newbottle Abbey, 35 Nitocris, Bridge of, 391 Nitric Acid (_see also_ _Aqua valens_), =439-443=; 460; 439; 354 Assay parting gold and silver, =248= Testing silver regulus with, =449= Use in cleaning gold dust, =396= _Nitrum_ (_see also_ Soda), 558; 110 Nomenclature, I; 267 Mining law, 77; 78 Mining officials, 77; 78 _Norici_, 388 Conveyance of ore, =169= Normans. Mining Law in England, 85 Notary, =94=; 78 Nubia. Early gold-mining, 399 Nuremberg, Scale of Weights, =263= _Obolus_, 25 _Ochra nativa_, 111 Ochre Yellow, 111 _Offenbrueche_ (_see_ Furnace Accretions). Olynthus. Betrayal to Philip of Macedon, =9= Operculum, =441=; 222 Orbis, =141=; 137 Ore (_see various metals_, Assaying, Mining, _etc._). Ore Channels (_see_ Canales). Ore Deposits, Theory of, XIII; 43-53 Ore Dressing, =267-351= Burning, =273= Hand spalling, =271-272= Sorting, =268-271= _Orguia_, =78=; 78; 617 _Orichalcum_ (_see_ _Aurichalcum_). Orpiment, 111; 1; 222 Colour of fumes, =235= Harmful to metals, =273= Indication of gold, etc., =116= Roasted from ore, =273= Use in assaying, =237= Outcrops, 68; 43 Ox-blood in Salt Making, =552= Pactolus, Gold Sands of, 27 Park's Process, 465 Parting Gold from Copper, =462-464= Parting Gold from Silver, =443-460=; 458-463 Antimony sulphide, =451-452=; 451-452; 461 Cementation, =453-457=; =453-454=; =458= Chlorine gas, 458; 462 Electrolysis, 458; 462 Nitric acid, =443-447=; 443; 447; 460 Nitric acid (in assaying), =247-249= Sulphur and copper, =448-451=; 448; 461 Sulphuric acid, 458; 462 Partitions, 493 Passau, Peace of, IX. _Passus_, 616; 78 Patio Process, 297-298 Pattinson's Process, 465 Peak, The (_see_ High Peak). _Pentremites_, 115 Pergamum. Brazen ox of, =11= Mines near, =26=; 27 Peripatetics, XII. Theory of ore deposits, =47=; 44 View of wealth, =18= Persians. Ancient mining law, 83 _Pes_, 616; 78 Pestles, =231=; =483= Petroleum, 581-582 Phalaris, Brazen Bull of, =11= Philosophy. Knowledge necessary for miners, =3= Phoenicians. Copper and bronze, 402 In Thasos, 24 Tin, 411-412 Picks, =152-153= _Pickschiefer_ (_see_ Ash-coloured Copper). Placer Mining, =321-348= _Pleigeel_ (_see_ Lead Ochre). _Pleiweis_ (_see_ White-lead). Pleygang Vein, =42= _Plumbago_, 110 _Plumbum candidum_, 110; 3; 473 _Plumbum cinereum_, 111; 3 _Plumbum nigrum lutei coloris_, 110; 3 Plummet Level. Standing, =143=; 137 Suspended, =145=; =146=; 137 Pockets in Alluvial Sluices, =322-330= Poisonous Fumes (_see_ Fumes). Poland. Cupellation, =483= Lead ore washing, =347= Lead smelting, =392= _Poletae_, Tablets of the, 83 Poling Copper, =531-538=; 535-536 Pompeiopolis. Arsenic mine at, 111 _Pompholyx_, 394; 113-114; 403 From copper refinings, =538= From cupellation, =476= From dust-chambers, =394= From roasting ore, =278= Poisonous, =214=; 215 Used for brass making, 410 Porcelain Clay, 115 Potash, =558-559=; 558; 233; 220 In _Sal artificiosus_, =463= Pottery, Egyptian, 391 Potosi, 298 Pozos de Anibal, Los, 42 _Pous_, 617; 78 _Praefectus cuniculi_, 78 _Praefectus fodinae_ (_see_ Mine Manager). _Praefectus metallorum_ (_see_ Mining Prefect). _Praeses cuniculi_, 78 _Praeses fodinae_ (_see_ Mining Foreman). Precious and Base Metals, 439 Primgap, 80 _Procurator metallorum_, 83 Prospecting, =35= Proustite, 108 Pumps, =171-200=; 149 Chain, =171-175= Rag and chain, =188-200= Suction, =175-188= _Purgator argenti_ (_see_ Silver Refiner). Purser, 77 Puteoli, =501= Pyrargyrite, 108 _Pyriten argentum_, 408 Pyrites (_see also_ Cakes of Melted Pyrites), 51; 111; 112; 1 As a flux, =234= Assay for gold, =243= In tin concentrates, =348= Latin and German terms, 222 Roasting, =273-274= Roasting cakes of, =349-351= Smelting for gold and silver, =399=; =401= Used in making vitriol, 578 _Pyrites aerosus_ (_see_ Copper Pyrites). _Pyrites aurei coloris_ (_see_ Copper Pyrites). Quartz (_see also_ Stones which easily melt), 114 As a flux, 380 An indication of ore, =116= Material of glass, 380 Silver ore, =113= Smelting of, =401= _Quarzum_ (_see_ Quartz). Quertze, 380 Quicksilver, 432; 2; 354; 110 Amalgamation of gilt objects, =461= Amalgamation of gold dust, =396= Amalgamation of gold ores, =297=; 297 Assaying methods, =247= Ore, 426-432 Use in assaying gold ore, =243= Rag and Chain Pumps, =188-200= Rake Veins, 101 Rammelsberg. Collapse of mines, =216= Discovery, 37 Early vitriol making, 572 _Rauchstein_, 127 Realgar, 1; 111; 222 Colour of fumes, =235= Harmful to metals, =273= Indication of ore, =116= Roasted from ore, =273= _Rederstein_ (_see_ _Trochitis_). Red-lead, 232; 110; 222 Use in parting gold from copper, =463= Use in parting gold from silver, =459= Refined Salt, =454=; =463=; 233 Refinery for Silver and Copper, =491-498= Refining Gold from Copper, =462-464= Refining Gold from Silver, =443-458= Refining-hearth, 492 Refining Silver, =483-490=; 465; 484 Refining Silver from Lead, =464= Reformation, The, V; VIII. Re-opening of Old Mines, =217= Revival of Learning. Agricola's position in, XIII. Reward Lease, in Australian Law, 77 Rhaetia, 388 Rhaetian Alps. Stamp milling in, =319= Ring-fire, =448= Rio Tinto Mines. Roman methods of smelting, 405 Roman water-wheels, 149 Risks of Mining, =28-29= Rither (a horse), 101 Roasted Copper, =233=; 233; 222 Roasting, =273-279=; 267 Heap roasting, =274-275= In furnaces, =276= Mattes, =349-351= Prior to assaying, =231= Rocks, =119=; 2 Rock-salt, =548=; 222 Use in cementation, =454= Roman Alum, 565 Romans. Amalgamation, 297 Antimony, 428 Brass making, 410 Companies, 90 Copper smelting, 404-405 Mining law, 83 Minium Company, 232 Quicksilver, 433 Roasting, 267 Silver-lead smelting, 392 Washing of ore, 281 Rosette Copper, =538=; 535 _Rosgeel_ (_see_ Realgar). Ruby Copper, 109; 402 Ruby Silver, 51; 108 Assaying of, =244= Cupellation, =473= _Rudis_ Ores, 108 Rust (_see_ Iron-rust). Sabines, =9= _Saigerdoerner_ (_see_ Liquation Thorns). _Saigerwerk_ (_see_ _Stannum_). _Salamander har_ (_see_ Asbestos). Salamis, Battle of, 27 Sal-ammoniac, =560=; 560; 222 In cements for parting gold and silver, =454-457= In making _aqua valens_, =441= Uses in cupellation, =474= Uses in making _aqua regia_, 460 Uses in parting gold from copper, =463= _Sal artificiosus_, =236=; =463=; 236 In assaying, =242= As a flux, =234= Salt, =545=; =556=; 546; 233; 222 As a flux, =234-238= Pans, =545=; =546= Solidified juice, 1 Use in cementation, =454=; 454 Use in parting gold from copper, =463=; =464= Use in smelting ores, =396=; =400= Wells, =546-547= Salt made from Ashes of Musk Ivy, 560; 233 _Sal torrefactus_, =242=; 222; 233 _Sal tostus_, =233=; 233; 222 Saltpetre, =561-564=; 561; 562; 222 As a flux, =233=; =236-238=; =245=; =247= In smelting gold concentrates, =398= Uses in cementation, =454=; 454 Uses in making nitric acid, =439=; =440=; =447=; =454= Uses in melting silver nitrate, =447= Sampling Copper Bullion, =249= Sand, =117= _Sandaraca_ (_see_ Realgar). Sandiver (_see_ Glass-galls). _Sarda_ (_see_ Carnelian). Saxony. High Peak customs from, 77; 85 Political state in Agricola's time, VIII; IX. Reformation, IX. _Saxum calcis_ (_see_ Limestone). Scales of Fineness, 253; 617 Scapte-Hyle, Mines of, 23 Schemnitz. Age of mines, =5= Gunpowder for blasting, 119 Pumps, =194= Schist, 222 _Schistos_ (_see_ Ironstone). Schlackenwald. Ore washing, =304= Schmalkalden League, IX. Schmalkalden War, IX; X. Schneeberg, =XXXI=; VI. Cobalt, =435= Depth of shafts, 102 Ore stamping, 281 Shares, =91= St. George mine, =91=; 74; 75 _Schwartz-atrament_ (_see_ _Melanteria_ _and_ _Sory_). Scorification Assay, =239= Scorifier, =228=; =230=; 222 Assays in, =238=; =239= Screening Ore (_see_ Sifting Ore). Screens (_see also_ Screening), 267 In stamp-mill, =315= _Scriba fodinarum_ (_see_ Mining Clerk). _Scriba magistri metallicorum_ (_see_ Bergmeister's Clerk). _Scriba partium_ (_see_ Share Clerk). Scum of Lead from Cupellation, =475= Scythians. Wealth condemned, =9=; =15= Seams in the Rocks, =72=; 43; 47 Indications of ore, =67=; =107= Sea-Water, Salt from, =545-546= _Sesterce_, 448 Sett, 77 Settling Pits, =316=; 267 Shaft-houses, =102= Shafts, =102-107=; =122-124= Surveys of, =129-135= _Venae cumulatae_, =128= Shakes, 101 Share Clerk, =97=; =93=; 78 Share in Mines (_see_ Companies, Mining). Shears for Cutting Native Silver, =269= Shift, =99=; 92 Shoes (stamp), =285-286=; 267 Shovellers, =153=; =169=; 78 _Sideritis_ (_see_ Lodestone). _Siegelstein_ (_see_ Lodestone). Sieves. For charcoal, =375= For crushed ore, =287-293=; =341= Sifting Ore, =287-293= _Signator publicus_ (_see_ Notary). _Silberweis_ (_see_ Mica). _Silex_, 114; 118 Silver (_see also_ Assaying, Liquation, Parting, Refining, _etc._), 390; 354; 108 Amalgamation, 297; 300 Assaying, =248-251= Cupellation, =464-483=; =241= "Drying" copper residues from liquation, 529 Enrichment in copper bottoms, =510=; 510 Exhausted liquation cakes, 524 Indicated by bismuth, etc., =116= Liquation, =505-507=; 506; 509; 512 Parting from gold (_see_ Parting Gold and Silver). Parting from iron, =544=; 544 Precipitation from solution in copper bowl, =444= Refining, =483-490=; 465; 484 Smelting of ores, =381-382=; =386=; =388=; =390=; =400=; =402= Use in clarification of nitric acid, =443=; 443 Silver, Ruby (_see_ Ruby Silver). Silver Glance, 108 Assaying, =244= Cupellation, =473= Dressing, =269= Silver-Lead Alloy (_see_ _Stannum_, _etc._). Silver Ores, =108=; 108 Assaying, =242-244= Assaying cupriferous ores, =245= Fluxes required in assaying, =235= Smelting cupriferous ores, =404-407= Silver-Plating, 460 Silver Refiner, =95=; 78 Silver Refining (_see_ Refining). Silver Veins, =117= Singing by Miners, =118= Sintering Concentrates, =401= Slags (_see also_ Liquation Slags), 222 From blast furnace, =379=; =381= From liquation, 491; 492; 523 Slaves as Miners, =23=; 83 In Greek mines, =25=; 25; 28 Slough (tunnel), 101 Sluices, =319=; =322-348= Smallite, 113 Smalt, 112 _Smega_, 404 Smelters, 78 Smelting (_see also various metals_), =379-390=; 353-355 Assaying compared, =220= Building for, =355-361= Objects of, =353= _Smirgel_ (_see_ Emery). _Smiris_ (_see_ Emery). Smyrna. Mines near, 27 Snake-Bites, 31 Soda (_see also_ _Nitrum_), =558=; =559=; 233; 222 As a flux, =233=; =234= Historical notes, 558; 354 Solidified juice, 1 Sole, 101 Solidified Juices (_see_ Juices, Solidified). _Solifuga_, =216=; 216 Sorters, 78 Sorting Ore, =268-271= _Sory_, 112; 403; 573 Sows, =376=; =386=; 376 Spain (_see also_ Lusitania). Ancient silver-lead mines, 149; 392 Ancient silver mines of Carthage, =27= Ancient tin mines, 411-412 Spalling Ore, =271-272= _Spangen_ (_see_ _Trochitis_). _Spanschgruen_ (_see_ Verdigris). Spartans. Gold and silver forbidden, =9=; =15= Interference with Athenian mines, 27 Spat (_see_ Heavy Spar). Spelter, 409 Sphalerite, 113 _Spiauter_, 409 _Spiesglas_ (_see_ _Stibium_). Spines of Fishes for Cupels, =230= _Spodos_, =538=; 394; 113; 114 _Spuma argenti_ (_see_ Litharge). Staffordshire. First pumping engine, 149 Stalagmites, 114 Stall Roasting, =350-351= Stamp, 267 For breaking copper cakes, =501-503= For crushing crucible lining, =373-375= Stamping Refined Silver, =489= Stamp-mill, =279-287=; 281-282; 267 Wet ore, =312-314=; =319-321= Standing Plummet Level (_see_ Plummet Level). Stannaries, 85 _Stannum_, 473; 2; 384; 492 Steel, =423-426=; 422-423; 354 _Steiger_, 77 _Steinmarck_ (_see_ Porcelain Clay). Stemple (stull), 101 Stephanite, 109 Sternen Mine, =92=; 75 Steward (of High Peak mines), 77 St. George Mine (Schneeberg), =91=; 74; 75 _Stibium_ (_see also_ Antimony _and_ Antimony Sulphide), 110; 428; 2; 221 Flux to be added to, =235= In assaying, =237-239= In cementation, =458-460= Indication of silver, =116= In making nitric acid, =440= In parting gold and silver, =451-452=; =459= In parting gold from copper, =464= In treatment of gold concentrates, =396=; =397= Stibnite, 428; 451 St. Lorentz Mine, =74=; =92= Stockwerke (_see_ _Vena cumulata_). Stoics. Views on wealth, =18= _Stomoma_, =423= Stone Juice, 46; 49 Stones. Agricola's view of, 2; 46; 49 Various orders of fusibility, =380= "Stones which Easily Melt" (_see also_ Quartz), 380; 222 As a flux, =233=; =236=; 233 In making nitric acid, =440= In smelting, =379=; =380=; =390= Smelting of, =401= Stool (of a drift), 101 Stope, =126= Stoping, =125= _Venae cumulatae_, =128= _Venae dilatatae_, =126=; =127= Strake, =303-310=; 267; 282 Canvas, =307-310=; =314=; =316=; 267 Egyptians, 280 Greeks, 281 Short, =306-307=; 267 Washing tin concentrates, =341-343= Strata, =126= Streaming, =316-318= Stringers, =70=; 43; 47; 70 Indication of ore, =106= Mining method, =128= Styria, =388= Subterranean Heat, 46; 595 Suction Pumps, =175-188= Sulphides, 267; 355 Sulphur, =578-581=; 579; 222 Colour of fumes, =235= Harmful to metals, =273= In assaying, =235-238= In parting gold from copper, =463=; 462 In parting gold from silver, =448-451=; 448; 461 In smelting gold dust, =396= Roasted from ores, =273=; =276= Solidified juice, 1 Sulphur "not exposed to the fire," =458=; =463=; 579 Surveyor's Field, =137=; =144=; 142 Surveying, =128-148=; 129 Necessary for miners, =4= Rod, =137-138= Suspended Plummet Level (_see_ Plummet Level). Swiss Compass, =145=; 137 Swiss Surveyors, =145= _Symposium_, =91= Tap-hole, =378=; =386= Tappets, =282=; =319=; 267 Tapping-bar, =381= Tarshish, Tin Trade, 412 Tartar (Cream of), 220; 234 _Tectum_ (Hangingwall), 101 _Terra sigillata_ (_see_ Lemnian Earth). "Tests", refining silver in, =483-490=; 465; 484 _Thaler_, 92 Thasos, Mines of, =23=; =95=; 23 _Theamedes_, 115 Theodosian Code. Mines, 84 Thorns (_see_ Liquation Thorns). Thuringia. Roasting pyrites, =276= Sluices of gold washing, =327= Tigna (Wall plate), 101 Timbering. Of ladderways and shafts, =122=; =123=; =124= Of stopes, =126= Of tunnels and drifts, =124-125= Tin, 411-413; 354; 110 Alluvial mining, =336-340= Assaying ore, =246= Assaying for silver, =251= Colour of fumes, =235= Concentrates, =340-342=; =348-349= Cornish treatment, 282 Refining, =418-419= Smelting, =411-420= Stamp-milling, =312-317= Streaming, =316-318= Washing, =298=; =302=; =304= _Tincar_ or _Tincal_ (_see_ Borax). Tithe Gatherer, =81=; =95=; =98=; 78 Tithe on Metals, =81=; 82 _Toden Kopff_, 235 _Tofstein_ (_see_ _Tophus_). Tolfa, La (_see_ La Tolfa). Tools, =149-153= _Topfstein_ (_see_ _Tophus_). _Tophus_, 233; 114; 222 As a flux, =233=; =237=; =390= Tortures. With metals, =11= Without metals, =17= Touch-needles, =253-260=; 253 Touchstone, =252-253=; 252; 354; 458; 222 Mineral, 114 Uses, =243=; =248=; =447= Trade-routes. Salt-deposits influence on, 546 Transport of Ore, =168-169= Trent, Bishop of. Charter (1185), 84 Triangles in Surveying, =129-137= Tripoli, 115 _Trochitis_, =115=; 115 Trolley, =480=; =500=; =514= Troy. Lead found in, 391 Troy Weights, 616; 617; 242 Trucks, =156= Tunnels, =102=; 101 Law, =88-93= Surveys of, =130-141= Timbering, =124= Turin Papyrus, 129; 399 Turn (winze), 101 _Tuteneque_, 409 _Tuttanego_, 409 Tutty, 394 Twitches of the Vein, 101 Twyer, 376 Tye, 267 Type. _Stibium_ used for, 2; 429 Tyrants. Inimical to miners, =32= Tyrolese. Smelting, =388=; =404= Ulcers, =214=; 31 _Uncia_ (length), =78=; 616; 78 _Uncia_ (weight), 616; 242 Undercurrents (_see_ Sluices). United States. Apex law, 82 _Vectiarii_ (_see_ Windlass Men). Veins, =43=; =64-69=; =106-107=; 47 Barren, =72=; =107= Direction of, =54-58= Drusy, =72=; =73=; =107= Hardness variable, =117= Indications, =35-38= Intersections of, =65=; =66=; =67=; =106=; =107= _Vena_. Use of term, 43; 47 _Vena cumulata_, =46=; =49=; =70=; 43; 47 Mining method, =128= Mining rights, =87= _Vena dilatata_, =41=; =45=; =53=; =60-61=; 43; 47 Junctions with _vena profunda_, =67=; =68= Mining method, =126-127= Mining rights, =83-86= Washing lead ore from, =347= _Vena profunda_, =44=; =51=; =60=; =62=; =63=; =68=; =69=; 43; 47 Cross veins, =65= Functions, =65=; =66=; =67=; =68= Mining rights, =79-83= Venetian Glass, 222 Factories, =592= In assaying, =238=; =245=; =246= In cupellation, =474= Venice. Glass-factories, =592= Parting with nitric acid, 461 Scale of weights, =263= Ventilation, =200-212=; =121= With bellows, =207-210= With fans, =203-207= With linen cloths, =210= With windsails, =200-203= Verdigris, 440; 1; 110; 222 In cementation, =454=; =457= Indication of ore, =116= In making nitric acid, =440= In parting gold from copper, =464= Vermilion. Adulteration with red-lead, 232 Poisonous, =215= Villacense Lead, =239=; 239 Vinegar. Use in breaking rocks, =119=; 118 Use in cleansing quicksilver, =426= Use in roasting matte, =349= Use in softening ore, =231= _Virgula divina_ (_see_ Divining Rod). Vitriol, =571=; 572; 403; 222; 1 In assaying, =237-238= In cementation, =454=; 454 Indication of copper, =116= In making nitric acid, =439-440= In roasted ores, =350= In _sal artificiosus_, =463= Native, 111 Native blue, 109 Native white, 113 Red, 274 White, 454 Volcanic Eruptions, 595 Washers, 78 Washing Ore (_see also_ Concentration, Screening Ore, _etc._), =300-310= Water-Bags, =157-159=; =198= Water-Buckets, =157-158= Water-Wheels, =187=; =283=; =286=; =319= Water-Tank, under Blast Furnaces, =356-357= Wealth, =7-20= Wedges, =150= Weights, =260-264=; 616-617; 242; 253 _Weisser Kis_, 111 _Werckschuh_, 617; 78 Westphalia. Smelting lead ore, =391= Spalling ore, =272= Wheelbarrows, =154= Whims, =164-167= White-Lead, 440; 354; 110; 232 White Schist, =234=; =390=; 234; 222 Winding Appliances (_see_ Hauling Appliances). Windlasses, =160=; =171=; 149 Windlass Men, =160=; 78 Winds. Greek and Roman names, =58= Sailors' names, =59=; =60= Winds (winze), 101 Windsails, =200-203= Winzes, 102 Wittenberg, Capitulation of, IX. Wizards. Divining rods, =40= Workmen, =98=; =100= Woughs, 101 _Zaffre_, 112 Zeitz, XI. Zinc (_see also_ _Cadmia_ _and_ Cobalt). Historical notes, 408-410; 354 Minerals, 112-113 Zinck (_see_ Zinc). Zinc Oxides, 113; 354 Zinc Sulphate (_see_ Vitriol). _Zincum_ (_see_ Zinc). _Zoll_, 617; 78 Zwickau, VI. _Zwitter_, 110 INDEX TO PERSONS AND AUTHORITIES. NOTE.--The numbers in heavy type refer to the Text; those in plain type to the Footnotes, Appendices, etc. Acosta, Joseph De, 298 Aeschylus. Amber, 35 Aesculapius. Love of gold, =9= Africanus (alchemist), =XXVII=; XXVIII Agatharchides. Cupellation, 465 Egyptian gold mining, 279; 391; 399 Fire-setting, 118 Agathocles. Money, =21= Agathodaemon (alchemist), =XXVII=; XXVIII Agricola, Daniel, 606 Agricola, Georg (a preacher at Freiberg), 606 Agricola, Georgius. Assaying, 220 Biography, V-XVI Founder of Science, XIV Geologist, XII; 46; 53 Interest in _Gottsgaab_ mine, VII; 74 Mineralogist, XII; 108; 594 Paracelsus compared with, XIV Real name, V Works, Appendix A See also: _Bermannus._ _De Animantibus._ _De Natura eorum_, etc. _De Natura Fossilium._ _De Ortu et Causis._ _De Peste._ _De Precio Metallorum._ _De Re Metallica._ _De Veteribus Metallis._ Etc. Agricola, Rudolph, 606 Albert the Brave, Duke of Meissen, VIII Albertus Magnus (Albert von Bollstadt), XXX; 609 Alluvial gold, =76= Cementation, 460 Metallic arsenic, 111 Metals, 44 Saltpetre, 562 Zinc, 409 Albinus, Petrus, V; 599 Cuntz von Glueck, 24 Alpinus, Prosper, 559 Alyattes, King of Lydia. Mines owned by, =26=; 27 American Institute of Mining Engineers, 38; 53 Anacharsis. Invention of bellows, 362 Anacreon of Teos. Money despised by, =9=; =15= Anaxagoras. Money despised by, =15= Anna, Daughter of Agricola, VII Anna, Wife of Agricola, VII Antiphanes. On wealth, =19= Apollodorus, 26 Apulejus (alchemist), =XXVII=; XXIX Archimedes. King Hiero's crown, =247= Machines, 149 Ardaillon, Edouard. Mt. Laurion, 28; 281; 391 Aristippus. Gold, =9=; =14= Aristodemus. Money, =8= Aristotle, XII; 607 Amber, 35 Athenian mines, 27; 83 Burning springs, 583 Coal, 34 Cupellation, 465 Distillation, 441 Lodestone, 115 Nitrum, 558 Ores of brass, 410 Quicksilver, 432 Silver from forest fires, 36 Theory of ore deposits, 44 Wealth of, =15= Arnold de Villa Nova. (_see_ Villa Nova, Arnold de). Athenaeus. Silver from forest fires, 36 Augurellus, Johannes Aurelius (alchemist), =XXVII=; XXX Augustinus Pantheus (alchemist), =XXVII= Augustus, Elector of Saxony, =IX= Dedication of _De Re Metallica_, =XXV= Letter to Agricola, =XV= Avicenna, XXX; 608 Bacon, Roger, XXX; 609 Saltpetre, 460; 562 Badoarius, Franciscus, =XXVII= Balboa, V. N. de, V Ballon, Peter, 559 Barba, Alonso, 300; 1 Barbarus, Hermolaus, =XXVII= Barrett, W. F., 38 Becher, J. J., 53 Bechius, Philip, XV Beckmann, Johann. _Alumen_, 565 Amalgamation, 297 _Nitrum_, 559 Parting with nitric acid, 461 Stamp-mills, 281 _Stannum_, 473 Tin, 412 _Bergbuechlein_ (_see_ _Nuetzlich Bergbuechlin_). _Bergwerks lexicon_, 37; 80; 81 Berman, Lorenz, VI; 597 _Bermannus_, 596; 599; VI Arsenical minerals, 111 Bismuth, 3; 433 _Cadmia_, 113 Cobalt, 112 Fluorspar, 381 _Molybdaena_, 477 Schist, 234 Shafts, 102 Zinc, 409 Berthelot, M. P. E., 429; 609 Berthier, 492 Bias of Priene. Wealth, =8=; =14= Biringuccio, Vannuccio, 614 Agricola indebted to, =XXVII= Amalgamation of silver ores, 297 Assaying, 220 Assay ton, 242 Brass making, 410 Clarifying nitric acid, 443 Copper refining, 536 Copper smelting, 405 Cupellation, 466 Liquation, 494 Manganese, 586 Parting precious metals, 451; 461; 462 Roasting, 267 Steel making, 420 _Zaffre_, 112 Boeckh, August, 28 Boerhaave, Hermann, XXIX Borlase, W. C. Bronze celts, 411 Borlase, William. Cornish miners in Germany, 283 Born, Ignaz Edler von, 300 Boussingault, J. B., 454 Boyle, Robert. Divining rod, 38 Brough, Bennett, 129 Bruce, J. C., 392 Brunswick, Duke Henry of (_see_ Henry, Duke of Brunswick). Budaeus, William (Guillaume Bude), 461; 606 Cadmus, 27 Calbus (_see also_ _Nuetzlich Bergbuechlin_), 610; =XXVI=; XXVII Alluvial gold, =75= Caligula. Gold from _auripigmentum_, 111 Callides (alchemist), =XXVII=; XXVIII Callimachus. On wealth, =19= Camerarius, =VIII= Canides (alchemist), =XXVII=; XXVIII Carew, Richard. Cornish mining law, 85 Cornish ore-dressing, 282 Carlyle, W. A. Ancient Rio Tinto smelting, 405 Carne, Joseph. Cornish cardinal points, 57 Casibrotius, Leonardus, VI _Castigationes in Hippocratem et Galenum_, 605 Castro, John de, 570 Chabas, F. J., 129 Chaloner, Thomas, 570 Chanes (alchemist), =XXVII=; XXVIII Charles V. of Spain, =IX= Agricola sent on mission to, =X= Chevreul, M. E., 38 _Chronik der Stadt Freiberg_, 606 Cicero. Divining rod, 38 Wealth of, =15= Cincinnatus L. Quintius, =23= Circe. Magic rod, =40= Cleopatra. As an alchemist, =XXVII=; XXIX Collins, A. L. 119 Columbus, Christopher, V Columella, Moderatus, =XXV=; =XXVI= Comerius, =XXVII=; XXIX _Commentariorum ... Libri VI._, 604 Conrad (Graf Cuntz von Glueck), =23=; 24 Corduba, Don Juan De, 300 Cortes, Hernando, =V= Cramer, John, 236 Crassus, Marcus. Love of gold, =9= Crates, the Theban. Money despised by, =15= Croesus, King of Lydia. Mines owned by, =26=; 27 Ctesias. Divining rod, 38 Ctesibius. Machines, 149 Curio, Claudius. Love of gold, =9= Curius, Marcus. Gold of Samnites, =9=; =15= Dana, J. D., 108 Alum, 566 Copiapite, 574 Emery, 115 Lemnian earth, 31 Minerals of Agricola, 594 Zinc vitriol, 572 Danae. Jove and, =10= D'Arcet, J. Parting with sulphuric acid, 462 Day, St. John V. Ancient steel making, 423 _De Animantibus Subterraneis_, 597; =VII= Editions, 600 Gnomes, =217=; 217 _De Bello adversus Turcam_, 605 _De Inventione Dialectica_, 606 _De Jure et Legibus Metallicis_, =100=; 604 _De Medicatis Fontibus_, 605 _De Mensuris et Ponderibus_, 597 Editions, 599 Weights and measures, =263=; 78 _De Metallis et Machinis_, 604 Democritus (alchemist), =XXVII=; XXVIII Demosthenes. Mt. Laurion mines, 27; 83 _De Natura eorum quae Effluunt ex Terra_, 598; =32= Dedication, VII Editions, 600 _De Natura Fossilium_, 594; 600; III; XII Alum, 565 Amber, 35 Antimony, 429 Argol, 234 Arsenical minerals, 111 Asbestos, 440 Bismuth, 110 Bitumen, 581 Borax, 560 Brass making, 410 _Cadmia_, 113 _Caldarium_ copper, 511 Camphor, 238 _Chrysocolla_, 584 Coal, 35 Cobalt, 112 Copper flowers, 539; 233 Copper scales, 233 Crinoid stems, 115 Emery, 115 Fluorspar, 380 Goslar ores, 273 Goslar smelting, 408 Iron ores, 111 Iron smelting, 420 Jet, 34 _Lapis judaicus_, 115 Lead minerals, 110 Mannsfeld ores, 273 _Melanteria_, 573 Mineral Kingdom, 1 _Misy_, 573 _Molybdaena_, 476 Native metals, 108 Petroleum, 581 _Pompholyx_, 114; 278 Pyrites, 112 Quicksilver, 110 _Rudis_ minerals, 108 Sal-ammoniac, 560 Silver glance, 109 _Sory_, 573 _Spodos_, 114 _Stannum_, 473 Stones which easily melt, 380 Sulphur, 578 _Tophus_, 233 Touchstone, 253 White schist, 234 Zinc, 409 _De Ortu et Causis Subterraneorum_, 594; 600; III; VII; XII; XIII Earths, 48 Gangue minerals, 48 Gold in alluvial, =76= Ground waters, 48 Juices, 52 Metals, 51 Solidified juices, 49 Stones, 49 Touchstone, 253 Veins, 47 _De Ortu Metallorum Defensio ad J. Scheckium_, 604 _De Peste_, 605; VIII _De Precio Metallorum et Monetis_, 597; 600 Mention by Agricola, =252=; =263= _De Putredine solidas partes_, etc., 605 _De Re Metallica_, I; XIII; XIV-XVI Editions, 600; XIV Title page, =XIX= De Soto, Fernandes, V _De Terrae Motu_, 604 _De Varia temperie sive Constitutione Aeris_, 604 _De Veteribus et Novis Metallis_, 597; 600; VII; =XXVI=; 5 Agricola's training, VI Conrad, 24 Discovery of mines, =36=; 5; 37 _Gottsgaab_ mine, 74 Devoz (de Voz), Cornelius, 570; 283 Diodorus Siculus, 607 Alum, 566 Bitumen, 582 Cupellation, 465 Drainage of Spanish mines, 149 Egyptian gold mining, 279 Fire-setting, 118 Lead, 391 Silver from forest fires, =36= Tin, 412 Diogenes Laertius, 7; 9; 10 Dioscorides, 607; 608 Alum, 566 Antimony, 428 Argol, 234 Arsenic minerals, 111 Asbestos, 440 Bitumen, 584 Brass making, 410 Burned lead, 237 _Cadmia_, 112 _Chalcitis_, 573 Copper flowers, 233; 538 Copper smelting, 403 Cupellation, 465 Distillation apparatus, 355 Dust-chambers, 355; 394 Emery, 115 Lead, 392 Lead minerals, 477 Lemnian earth, 31 Litharge, 465 Lodestone, 115 _Melanteria_, 573 _Misy_, 573 Naphtha, 584 _Pompholyx_, 394; 410 Quicksilver, 297; 432 Red-lead, 232 Sal-ammoniac, 560 _Sory_, 573 _Spodos_, 394 Verdigris, 440 Vitriol, 572 White-lead, 440 Diphilos, 27; 83 Diphilus (poet). Gold, =10= _Dominatores Saxonici_, 606 Draud, G., 599 Dudae. Alum trade, 569 Elizabeth, Queen of England. Charters to alum makers, 283; 570 Dedication of Italian _De Re Metallica_ to, XV Importation of German miners, 283; 570 Eloy, N. F. J., 599 Entzelt (Enzelius, Encelio), 615 Erasmus, VI; VIII; XIV Ercker, Lazarus. Amalgamation, 300 Liquation, 491; 505 Nitric acid preparation, 443 Parting gold and silver, 444; 451 Eriphyle. Love of gold, =9= Ernest, Elector of Saxony, VIII Euripides. Amber mentioned by, 35 Plutus, =8=; =7= Ezekiel, Prophet. Antimony, 428 Cupellation, 465 Tin, 412 Fabricius, George. Agricola's death, X Friendship with Agricola, VIII Laudatory poem on Agricola, =XXI= Letters, IX; X; XIV; XV Posthumous editor of Agricola, 603; 606 Fairclough, H. R., III Farinator, Mathias, XXVI Ferdinand, King of Austria. Agricola sent on mission to, X Badoarius sent on mission to, =XXVII= Ferguson, John. Editions of _De Re Metallica_, XVI; 599 Feyrabendt, Sigmundi, XV Figuier, L., 38 Flach, Jacques. Aljustrel tablet, 83 Florio, Michelangelo, XV Foerster, Johannes, VI Francis, Col. Grant, 267; 283 Francis I., King of France, IX Frederick, Elector of Saxony, VIII; IX Froben, Publisher of _De Re Metallica_, XIV; XV Frontinus, Sextus Julius, 87 Galen. Agricola's revision of, 605; VI Lemnian earth, 31 Mention by Agricola, 2 _Galerazeya sive Revelator Secretorum_, etc., 606 Gama, Vasco da, V Ganse (Gaunse), Joachim, 267; 283 Gatterer, C. W., 599 Geber, =XXVII=; XXX; 609 Alum, =569= Assaying, 219 Cementation, 459 Cupels, 466 Nitric acid, 460 Origin of metals, 44 Precipitation of silver nitrate, 443 _Genesis, Book of_, XII; 43 George, Duke of Saxony, IX; =310=; 310 Gesner, Conrad, 52 Gibbon, Edward, 119 Glauber, J. R., 410 Glueck, Cuntz von (_see_ Conrad). Gmelin, J. F., 84 Goecher, C. G., 599 Godolphin, Sir Francis, 282 Gowland, William. Ancient bronze, 410; 411; 421 Early smelting, 402 Graecus, Marcus. Saltpetre, 562 Grommestetter, Paul, 281 Grymaldo, Leodigaris, XVI Gyges, King of Lydia. Mines owned by, =26=; 27 Hannibal. Alps broken by vinegar, 119 Spanish mines, =42=; 42 Hardy, William, 85 Heath, Thomas. On Hero, 129 Heliodorus (alchemist), =XXVII=; XXIX Henckel, J. F., 53; 112; 410 Hendrie, R., 609 Hennebert, E., 119 Henry, Duke of Brunswick, VII Henry, Duke of Meissen, IX Hermes (alchemist), =XXVI=; XXVIII Hermes (Mercury). Magic rod, 40 Hero. Underground surveying, 129 Herodotus. Alum, 566 Bitumen, 582 Lead, 391 Mines of Thrace, 23 _Nitrum_, 558 Hertel, Valentine, XIV Hiero, King of Syracuse. Crown, 247 Hill, John, 607 _Auripigmentum_, 111 Himilce, wife of Hannibal, 42 Hippocrates. Cupellation, 391; 465 Lodestone, 115 Hiram, King of Tyre. Mines, 214 Hofmann, Dr. R. Biography of Agricola, V; XI; 599; 603 Homer. Amber, 35 Divining rod, =40=; 40 Lead, 391 Smelting, 402 Steel, 421 Sulphur, 579 Tin, 412 Hommel, W. Early zinc smelting, 409 Horace. Metals, =11= Wealth, =15=; =17= Hordeborch, Johannes, VII Houghstetter, Daniel, 283 Houghton, Thomas, 85 Humphrey, William. Jigging sieve, 283 Hunt, Robert. Roman lead smelting, 392 Inama-Sternegg, K. T. von, 84 _Interpretatio Rerum Metallicarum_ (_see_ _Rerum Metall. Interpretatio_). Irene, Daughter of Agricola, VII Jacobi, G. H. Biography of Agricola, V; 599 Calbus, XXVII; 610 Jagnaux, Raoul. Ancient zinc, 409 Jason. Golden fleece, 330 Jeremiah. Bellows, 362 Cupellation, 465 Lead smelting, 391 _Nitrum_, 558 Jezebel. Use of antimony, 428 Job. Refining silver, 465 Johannes (alchemist), =XXVII=; XXVIII John, Elector of Saxony, IX John, King of England. Mining claims, 85 John Frederick, Elector of Saxony, IX Josephus. Dead Sea bitumen, 33 Jove. Danae legend, =10= Justin, =36= Juvenal. Money, =10= Karsten, K. J. B. Liquation, 491; 492; 505; 509; 523; 535 Kerl, Bruno. Liquation, 505 Koenig, Emanuel, XV Koenig, Ludwig, XV Kopp, Dr. Hermann, 609; 441 Lampadius, G. A., 462 Lasthenes. Love of gold, =9= _Latin Grammar_ (Agricola), 605 Leonardi, Camilli, 615 Leupold, Jacob, XV; 599 _Leviticus_. Leprosy of walls, 562 Lewis, G. R, 84 Lewis, 454 Libavis, Andrew, 410 Lieblein, J. D. C., 129 Linnaeus, Charles, 559 Livy. Hannibal's march over the Alps, 119 Lohneys, G. E. Liquation, 491; 505 Parting with antimony, 451 Zinc, 409; 410 Lucretia, daughter of Agricola, VII Lucretius. Forest fires melting veins, =36= Lully, Raymond, =XXVII=; XXX Luscinus, Fabricius. Gold, =9=; =15= Luther, Martin, V; VI; VIII; IX Lycurgus (Athenian orator). Prosecution of Diphilos, 27; 83 Lycurgus (Spartan legislator). Wealth prohibited by, =9=; =15= Magellan, F. de, V Maltitz, Sigismund, 312 Manlove, Edward, 70; 85 Marbodaeus, 615 Marcellinus, Ammianus. On Thucydides, 23 Marcellus, Nonius, XXXI Maria the Jewess, =XXVII=; XXVIII Mathesius, Johann. Cobalt, 214 Conrad mentioned by, 24 _De Re Metallica_, XIV King Hiram's mines, 214 Matthew Paris. Cornish miners in Germany, 283 Maurice, Elector of Saxony, =XXV=; VIII; IX; X Mawe, J., 70 Maximilian, Emperor, =23=; 24 Meissen, Dukes of (_see under personal names_: Albert, Henry, _etc._). Melanchthon. Relations with Agricola, VIII; X Menander. Riches, =8= Mercklinus, G. A., 599 Mercury (_see_ Hermes). Merlin (magician), =XXVII=; XXX Meurer, Wolfgang. Letters, IX; X Meyer, Ernst von, 248; 569 Meyner, Matthias, VII Midas, King of Lydia. Mines owned by, =26=; 27 Miller, F. B., 462 Minerva. Magic rod, =40= Morris, W. O'C., 119 Mosellanus, Petrus, VI Moses. Bitumen, 582 Lead, 391 Refining gold, 399 Rod of Horeb, 38; =40= Mueller, Max. Ancient iron, 421 Naevius. Money, =20= Nash, W. G. Rio Tinto mine, 149 Naumachius. Gold and silver, =8= Neckam, Alexander. Compass, 57 Newcomen, Thomas, 149 Nicander. On coal, 34 Nicias. Sosias and slaves of, =25=; 25 _Nuetzlich Bergbuechlin_, 610; =XXVI=; XXVII Alluvial gold, 75 Bismuth, 110; 433 Compass, 57; 129 Ore-deposits, 44 Ore-shoots, 43 Veins, 43; 46; 73 Olympiodorus (alchemist), =XXVII=; XXX Oppel, van (_see_ Van Oppel). Orus Chrysorichites (alchemist), =XXVII=; XXVIII Osthanes (alchemist), =XXVII=; XXIX Otho the Great, 6 Otho, Prince, 6 Ovid. Mining censured by, =7= Pandulfus Anglus, =XXVI= Pantaenetus. Demosthenes' oration against, 27; 83 Pantheus, Augustinus (alchemist), =XXVII= Paracelsus, XIV; XXX Divining rod, 38 Zinc, 112; 409 Paris, Matthew (_see_ Matthew Paris). Pebichius (alchemist), =XXVII=; XXVIII Pelagius (alchemist), =XXVII= Pennent, Thomas, 570 Percy, John. Cementation, 454; 459 Cupellation, 465 Liquation, 491 Parting with antimony, 451; 452 Peregrinus, Petrus. Compass, 57 Petasius (alchemist), =XXVII=; XXVIII Petrie, W. M. F. Egyptian iron, 421 Mt. Sinai copper, 402 Pettus, Sir John, XVI; 283 Phaenippus. Demosthenes' oration against, 27; 83 Phaeton's sisters, 35 Pherecrates, =XXVI= Philemon. Riches, 7 Philip of Macedonia, 27 Philip, Peter, 282 Phillips, J. A., 410 Philo. Lost work on mining, =XXVI= Phocion. Bribe of Alexander, =9=; =15= Phocylides. Gold, =7= Photius, 279 Fire-setting, 118 Pindar. Wealth, =19=; 252 Pius II, Pope. Alum maker, 570 Pizarro, F., =V= Plateanus, Petrus, XIV Plautus. Gold, =10= Pliny (Caius Plinius Secundus), =XXVI=; 608 Alluvial mining, 331; 333 Alum, 566 Amalgamation, 297 Amber, 35 Antimony, 428 Argol, 234 _Arrhenicum_, 111 Asbestos, 440 Bitumen, =33=; 583 Brass, 410 British miners, 83 Cadmia, 112 Cementation, 459 Chrysocolla, 560 Copper flowers and scales, 233; 538 Copper smelting, 404 Cupellation, 466 Drainage of Spanish mines, 149 _Electrum_, 458 Fire-setting, 118 Galena, 476 Glass, 585; 586 Hannibal's silver mine, =42=; 42 Hoisting ore, =157=; 157 Iron, 11 Jew-stone, 115 Lead, 392 Lemnian earth, 31 Litharge, =475=; 466; 501 Lodestone, 115 Manganese (?), 586 Metallurgical appliances, 355 _Misy_, 573 _Molybdaena_, 466; 476 Naphtha, 583 _Nitrum_, 560 Ore-dressing, 281 Outcrops, 65 _Pompholyx_, 396 Protection from poison, 215 Quicksilver, 433 Red-lead, 232 Roasting, 267 Sal-ammoniac, 560 Salt from wood, 558 Silver-lead smelting, 392 _Sory_, 573 _Spodos_, 396 _Stannum_, 473 Tin, Spanish, 412 _Tophus_, 233 Touchstone, =256=; 253 Turfs in sluices, =331=; 332 _Vena_, 43 Ventilation with wet cloths, =210=; 210 Verdigris, 440 Vitriol, 572 White-lead, 440 Plutarch, 25 Pluto, =216= Polybius. Ore washing, 281 Silver-lead smelting, 392; 465 Polymnestor, King of Thrace. Love of gold, =9=; =16= Poertner, Hans, 281 Posepny, Franz, 53 Posidonius. Asphalt and naphtha, 584 Drainage of Spanish mines, 149 Silver from forest fires, 36 Priam, King of Troy. Gold mines of, =26=; 27 _Probierbuechlein_, 612; =XXVI= Amalgamation, 297 Antimony, 420 Assaying, 220 Assay ton, 242 Bismuth, 433 Cementation, 454 Nitric acid, 439 Parting, 461; 462; 463 Precipitation of silver nitrate, 443 Residues from distillation of nitric acid, 235; 443 Roasting, 267 Stock fluxes, 235; 236 Touchstone, 253 Propertius. Gold, =10= Pryce, William. Adam's fall, 353 Divining rod, 38 Juices, 1 Ore-deposits, 53 Stamp-mill, 282 Stringers, 70 Psalms. Silver refining, 465 Pulsifer, Wm. H., 391 Pygmalion. Love of gold, =9=; =16= Rachaidibus (alchemist), =XXVII= Rameses I. Map of mines, 129 Rameses III. Leaden objects dating from, 391 Raspe, R. E., 300 Rawlinson, George, 583 Ray, P. Chandra. Indian zinc, 409 Raymond, Rossiter W., 38 _Rechter Gebrauch der Alchimey_, 606 _Rerum Metallicarum Interpretatio_, 597; VII; 600 Reuss, F. A., 599 Richter, A. D., V; 599 Rodianus (alchemist), =XXVII=; XXVIII Roessler, B., 53 Royal Geological Society of Cornwall, 84 Ruehlein von Kalbe (_see_ Calbus). Salmoneus. Lightning, =11= Sandwich, Earl of, trans. Barba's book, 300 Sappho. Wealth, =19= Savery, Thomas, 149 Saxony, Dukes and Electors of. (_See under personal names_: Albert, Ernest, _etc._). Schliemann, H., 391 Schlueter, C. A. Artificial zinc vitriol, 572 Copper refining, 535 Cupellation, 464 Liquation, 491; 505 Parting with sulphur, 462 Schmid, F. A., V; XV; 599 Schnabel and Lewis, 465 Scott, Sir Walter. "Antiquary," 300 Seneca. Wealth of, =15= Seneferu. Copper mines, 402 Seti I. Map of mine, 129 Shaw, Peter, XXVIII Shoo King. Copper and lead, 391; 402 Iron, 421 Shutz, Christopher, 283 Sigfrido, Joanne. Ed. Agricola's works, XV Socrates. Riches, =7=; =9=; =14=; =18= Solinus, C. Julius. _Solifuga_, =216=; 216 Solomon, King. Cobalt in mines, 214 Solon. Scarcity of silver under, 27 Sosias, the Thracian. Slaves employed by, =25= Stahl, G. E., 53 Staunton, Sir George, 409 Stephanus (alchemist), =XXVII=; XXX Stephenson, George, 149 Strabo, 607 Arsenical minerals, 111 Asbestos, 440 Asphalt, 584; 33 Bellows, 362 Cementation, 458 Cupellation, 465 Drainage of Spanish mines, 149 Forest fires melting veins, 36 High stacks, 355 Lydian mines, 26; 27 Mt. Laurion, 27 Silver-lead smelting, 391 Spanish ore-washing, 281 Zinc (?), 409 Strato. Lost work on mines, =XXVI=; =XXVII=; XII Struve, B. G., 599 Synesius (alchemist), =XXVII=; XXIX Tantalus, 27 Taphnutia (alchemist), =XXVII=; XXVIII Tapping, Thomas, 85 Thales of Miletus. Amber, 35 Themistocles. Athenian mine royalties, 27 Theodor, son of Agricola, VII Theognis. Cupellation, 465 On greed, =18= Plutus, =8= Refining gold, 399 _Theological Tracts_ (Agricola), 605 Theophilus (alchemist), =XXVII=; XXVIII Theophilus the Monk, 609 Brass making, 410 Calamine, 112 Cementation, 459 Copper refining, 536 Copper smelting, 405 Cupels, 466 Divining rod, 38 Liquation, 494 Metallurgical appliances, 355 Parting with sulphur, 461 Roasting, 267 Theophrastus, XII; 607 Amber, 35 Arsenical minerals, 111 Asbestos, 440 Assaying, 219 Coal, 34 Copper minerals, 110 Copper ore, 403 Emery, 115 Lodestone, 115 Lost works, =XXVI=; 403 Origin of minerals, 44 Parting precious metals, 458 Quicksilver, 297; 432 Touchstone, 252 Verdigris, 440 Vermilion, 232 White-lead, 391; 440 Thompson, Lewis, 462 Thoth. Hermes Trismegistos, XXIX Thotmes III. Lead, 391; 582 Thucydides. Mining prefect, =23=; 23; 95 Tibullus. Wealth condemned by, =16= Timocles. Riches, =8= Timocreon of Rhodes. Plutus, =7= Tournefort, Joseph P. De, 566 Tubal Cain. Instructor in metallurgy, 353 Tursius, =24= Twain, Mark. Merlin, XXX _Typographia Mysnae et Toringiae_, 605 Ulloa, Don Antonio De, 298 Ulysses. Magic rod, =40= Valentine, Basil, XXX; 609 Antimony, 429 Divining rod, 38 Parting with antimony, 461 Zinc, 409 Valerius, son of Agricola, VII Van der Linden, J. A., 599 Van Oppel, XIII; 52 Varro, Marcus, =XXVI= Vasco da Gama (_see_ Gama, Vasco da). Veiga, Estacia de, 83 Velasco, Dom Pedro De, 298 Veradianus (alchemist), =XXVII=; XXVIII Villa Nova, Arnold De (alchemist), =XXVII=; XXX Virgil. Avarice condemned by, =16= Vitruvius, 608 Amalgamation, 297 Hiero's Crown, 248 Pumps, 174; 149 Red-lead, 232 Surveying, 129 Verdigris, 440 White-lead, 440 Vladislaus III., King of Poland, =24= Von Oppel (_see_ Van Oppel). Voz, Cornelius de (_see_ Devoz, Cornelius). Wallerius, J. G., 234; 273 Watt, James, 149 Watt, Robert, XXVII Wefring, Basilius, XIV Weindle, Caspar, 119 Weinart, B. G., 599 Weller, J. G., V Werner, A. G., XIII; 53 Wilkinson, J. Gardner. Bitumen, 582 Egyptian bellows, 362 Egyptian gold-washing, 279 Williams, John, 53 Winkler, K. A., 464 Wrotham, William de, 85; 413; 473 Xenophon. Athenian mines, =28=; =83=; 27; 29 Fruitfulness of mines, =6= Mining companies, 90 Mine slaves, 25; 28 Quoted by Agricola, =26=; =28= Zimmerman, C. F., 53 Zosimus (alchemist), =XXVII=; XXIX INDEX TO ILLUSTRATIONS. Alum Making, =571= Amalgamation Mill, =299= Ampulla, =442=; =446= Argonauts, =330= Assay Balances (_see_ Balances). Assay Crucible, =229= Assay Furnaces. Crucible, =227= Muffle, =223=; =224= Balances, =265= Baling Water, =199= Bars, for Furnace Work, =377=; =389= Batea, =157= Bellows. For blast furnaces, =359=; =365=; =368=; =370=; =372= For mine ventilation, =208=; =209=; =211= For tin furnace, =419= Bismuth Smelting, =434=; =435=; =436=; =437= Bitumen Making, =582= Bitumen Spring, =583= Bowls for Alluvial Washing (_see also_ Batea), =336= Buckets. For hoisting ore, =154= For hoisting water, =158= Buddle, =301=; =302=; =314=; =315= Building Plan for Refinery, =493= Building Plan for Smelter, =361= Chain Pumps, =173=; =174=; =175= _Chrysocolla_ Making, =585= Circular Fire (_see_ Ring-Fire). Clay Washing, =374=; =375= Compass, =57=; =59=; =142=; =147= Copper Mould for Assaying, =250= Copper Refining, =534=; =537= Copper Refining Furnace, =532= Crane. For cupellation furnace, =479= For liquation cakes, =514= Crowbars, =152= Cupel, =229= Mould, =231= Cupellation Furnace, =468=; =470=; =474= At Freiberg, =481= In Poland, =482= Cutting Metal, =269= Descent into Mines, =213= Dipping-pots, =385=; =387=; =389=; =393=; =415=; =417= Distillation (_see_ Nitric Acid _and_ Quicksilver). Divining Rod, =40= Dogs Packing Ore, =168= Drifts, =105= Drying Furnace for Liquation, =525=; =527=; =528= Dust Chambers, =395=; =417= Fans, Ventilation, =204=; =205=; =206=; =207= Fire-Buckets, =377= Fire Pump, =377= Fire-Setting, =120= Forehearth, =357=; =358=; =383=; =385=; =387=; =389=; =417= Frames (or Sluices) for Washing Ore or Alluvial, =322-324=; =326-329=; =331-333= Furnaces. Assaying (_see_ Assay Furnaces). Blast, =357=; =358=; =373=; =377=; =383=; =385=; =387=; =389=; =395=; =419=; =424=; =508= Copper refining, =537= Cupellation, =468=; =470=; =474=; =481=; =482= Distilling sulphur, =277= Enriching copper bottoms, =510= Glass-making, =587=; =588=; =589=; =591= Iron smelting, =422=; =424= Lead smelting (_see also_ Furnaces, blast), =393= Liquation, =517=; =519=; =525=; =527=; =528= Nitric acid making, =442= Nitric acid parting, =446= Parting precious metals with antimony, =453= Ditto cementation, =455= Quicksilver distillation, =427-432= Refining silver, =485=; =486=; =489= Roasting, =276= Steel making, =425= Tin burning, =349= Tin smelting, =415= Gad, =150= Glass Making, =591= Furnaces, =587=; =588=; =589= Ground Sluicing, =337=; =340=; =343=; =346=; =347= Hammers, =151= With water-power, =422=; =425= Heap Roasting, =275=; =278= Hearths. For bismuth smelting, =436=; =437= For heating copper cakes, =504= For melting lead, =393= For melting lead cakes, =499= For refining tin, =418= For roasting, =277= Hemicycle, =138= Hoe, =152= _Intervenium_, =50= Iron Fork for Metal, =387= Iron Hook for Assaying, =240= Iron Smelting, =422=; =424= Iron Tools, =150= Jigging Sieve, =311= Ladders, =213= Ladle for Metal, =383= Lead Mould for Assaying, =240= Liquation Cakes. Dried, =530= Liquation Cakes, Exhausted, =522= Liquation Furnaces, =517=; =519=; =525=; =527=; =528= Lye Making, =557= Matte Roasting, =350=; =351= Meers, Shape of, =79=; =80=; =86=; =87=; =89= Mills for Grinding Ore, =294=; =296= Muffle Furnaces, =223=; =489= Muffles, =228= Nitric Acid Making, =442= _Nitrum_ Pits, =559= _Operculum_, =446= _Orbis_, =142A= Parting Precious Metals. With antimony, =453= By cementation, =455= With nitric acid, =446= With sulphur, =449= Picks, =152= Plummet level. Standing, =143= Suspended, =146= Pumps. Chain, =173=; =174=; =175= Duplex suction, =180=; =185=; =189= Rag and chain, =191=; =193=; =194=; =195= Suction, =177=; =178=; =179=; =182=; =183=; =187= Quicksilver Distillation, =427=; =429=; =430=; =431=; =432= Rag and Chain Pumps, =191=; =193=; =194=; =195=; =197= Rammers for Fire-Clay, =377=; =383= Ring-Fire, for Parting with Sulphur, =449= Roasting (_see also_ Heap _and_ Stall Roasting), =278=; =350=; =351=; =274=; =275=; =276= Rosette Copper Making, =537= Salt. Boiling, =549=; =554=; =555= Caldron, =551=; =553= Evaporated on faggots, =556= Pans, =547= Wells, =549= Saltpetre Making, =563= Saxon Lead Furnace, =393= Scorifier, =229= Seams in the Rocks, =54=; =55=; =56=; =60=; =72= Shafts. Inclined, =104= Timbering, =123= Vertical, =103=; =105= Shears for Cutting Metal, =269= Shield for Muffle Furnace, =241= Sifting Ore, =287=; =288=; =289=; =291=; =292=; =293=; =311=; =342= Silver. Cakes, Cleansing of, =476=; =488= Refining, =484=; =485=; =486=; =489= Sleigh for Ore, =168= Sluicing Tin, =337=; =338=; =340=; =343= Smelter, Plan of Building, =361= Soda Making, =561= Sorting Ore, =268=; =270= Spalling Ore, =270=; =271=; =272= Stall Roasting. Matte, =350=; =351= Ore, =274=; =276= Stamp-mill, =284=; =286=; =287=; =299=; =313=; =320=; =321=; =373= For breaking copper cakes, =501= Stamps, =285= Steel Furnace, =425= Strake, =302=; =303=; =305=; =306=; =307=; =341=; =342=; =345= Canvas, =308=; =309=; =317=; =321=; =329= Streaming for Tin, =318= Stringers. Associated, =71= _Fibra dilatata_, =71= _Fibra incumbens_, =71= Oblique, =71= Transverse, =71= Surveying. Rods, =138A= Shafts and Tunnels, =131= Triangles, =133=; =134=; =135=; =136=; =137=; =139=; =140= Suction Pumps (_see_ Pumps). Sulphur Making, =579=; =581= Tap-holes in Furnaces, =389= Tapping-bar, =383=; =385= "Tests" for Refining Silver, =484=; =485= Timbering. Shafts, =123= Tunnels, =125= Tin. Bars, =415= Burning, =349= Refining, =418= Smelting, =415=; =419= Touch-needles, =255= Trays for Washing Alluvial, =334= Tread Whim, =163= Trough, =159= For washing alluvial, =335=; =348= Trucks, =156= Tunnels, =103=; =104=; =105=; =120= Timbering, =125= Veins. Barren, =73= Beginning of, =69= Cavernous, =73= Curved, =61= End of, =69= Head of, =69= Horizontal, =61= Intersections of, =64=; =65=; =66=; =67=; =68= Solid, =73= Strike of, =62=; =63= _Vena cumulata_, =49=; =70= _Vena dilatata_, =45=; =50=; =54=; =60=; =61=; =68=; =69= _Vena profunda_, =45=; =50=; =53=; =61=; =62=; =63=; =64=; =68= Ventilating with Damp Cloth (_see also_ Bellows, Fans, and Windsails), =212= Vitriol Making, =567=; =574=; =575=; =576=; =577= Wagons, for Hauling Ore, =170= Washing Ore (_see_ Sifting Ore). Water Tanks, under Furnaces, =358= Wedges, =150= Weights, for Assay Balances, =262= Westphalian Lead Smelting, =393= Wheelbarrows, =155= Whims. Horse, =165=; =167= Tread, =163= Windlasses, =161=; =162=; =171= Winds, Direction of, =59= Windsails for Ventilation, =201=; =202=; =203= Transcriber's Notes. This document includes quotes from very early authors. As such, it's no surprise that there are many spelling and punctuation irregularities. Also the authors were American, but writing for a British journal. In addition, whether "ae" and "oe" appear as ligatures or separate characters seems to be fairly random. Unless there was a clearly preferred spelling choice, variants were kept as is. All changes are explicitly documented below. Noted spelling variants that were preserved include: "aluminum" and "aluminium;" "ampullas" and "ampullae;" "beechwood" and "beech-wood;" "Bluetstein" and "Bluet stein;" "brick dust" and "brickdust;" "calcspar," "calc spar" and "calc-spar;" derivatives of "crossbar" and "cross-bar," and similarly for "crosscut," "crosspiece," etc.; (Hans von) "Dechen" and "Decken;" "desulphurizing" and "de-sulphurizing;" "dissension" and "dissention" (and their plurals); "distill" and "distil" (and derivatives); "encrusted" and "incrusted;" "enquire" and "inquire" (and derivatives); "ensure" and "insure;" (Lazarus) "Ercker" and "Erckern;" "flavor" and "flavour;" "fluor-spar" and "fluorspar;" "Flusse" and "Fluesse;" (Rotenburg an der) "Fulda" and "Fulde;" "Gatter" and "Gatterer" may be the same person; "gold workers," "goldworkers" and "gold-workers;" "gray" and "grey" (and derivatives); "grove" and "groove" (English mining term for a shaft); "halitum" and "halitus;" "Henckel" and "Henkel;" "holm oak" and "holmoak;" "homogenous" and "homogeneous;" Daniel "Houghsetter," "Houghstetter" and "Hochstetter;" "Joannes" and "Johannes" (the alchemist); "Johanes" and "Johannes" (Aurelius Augurellus), a.k.a. "John Aurelio Augurello;" "Juedenstein" and "Jueden stein;" "Kinstock" and "Kinstocke;" "Lautental" and "Lautenthal;" "lawsuit" and "law-suit;" "Leipsic" and "Leipzig;" "Krat" and "Kratt;" "Mosaic" and "Mosaick;" "mineralogic" and "mineralogical;" "Nuetzlich Bergbuechlin," "Nuetzliche Bergbuechlin," "Nuetzlich Bergbuechlein," and "Nuetzliche Bergbuechlein;" "organisation" and "organization;" (Thomas) "Pennant" and "Pennent;" "Probier Buechlein," "Probierbuechlin," "Probierbuechlein," "Probirbuechlein," and "Probirbuechleyn" (which may be different books in some cases); derivatives of "pulverise" and "pulverize;" "reagent" and "re-agent" (and their plurals); derivatives of "recognise" and "recognize;" "republished" and "re-published;" "salamander har" and "salamanderhar;" "seashore" and "sea-shore;" "semicircle" and "semi-circle" (and derivatives); "shovelful" and "shovel-ful;" "spiesglas," "spiesglass," and "spiesglasz;" "Turkey oak" and "turkey-oak;" "Vannucci," "Vannuccio" and "Vanuccio" (Biringuccio); "Vectarii" and "Vectiarii;" derivatives of "volatilise" and "volatilize." There appears to be no rule whether punctuation following a quote should be inside or outside the quotation marks. The text was simply left as is. There appears to be no rule whether Roman numerals have periods after them or not; even references to the same document may differ. The text was simply left as is. For the text version of the document, replaced the oe-ligature with the separate characters "oe." Also removed the macron from the "e" in "pectos." Some footnote numbers are skipped. To avoid confusion with references to the footnotes, none of the footnotes were re-numbered. In particular,