Travels in Peru and India by Sir Clements R. Markham

CHAPTER XXIX.

271 words  |  Chapter 65

CHINCHONA-CULTIVATION. Ceylon--Sikkim--Bhotan--Khassya Hills--Pegu--Jamaica--Conclusion. The complete success which has attended the cultivation of chinchona-plants in the Neilgherry hills, encourages the hope that similar happy results will follow their introduction into other hill districts of Southern India, which have been described in more or less detail in previous chapters. I have no doubt of the suitability of the Pulney hills, the Koondahs, the Anamallays, and Coorg for such experimental cultivation; and trials should hereafter be made on the Mahabaleshwurs, the high hills east of Goa, the Baba-bodeens, Nuggur, Wynaad, the Shervaroys, and the mountains between Tinnevelly and Travancore. The hill districts of the island of Ceylon, which have the necessary elevation, and are within the region of both monsoons, also offer peculiarly favourable conditions for the cultivation of chinchona-plants, probably equal to the best localities on the peninsula of India. Mr. Thwaites, the Director of the Royal Botanical Gardens at Peradenia, takes a deep interest in this important measure, and under his auspices there can be no doubt of its ultimate success. It was from the first determined to send a portion of the chinchona-seeds to Ceylon, although the whole expense of the undertaking has been borne by the revenues of India, and no assistance whatever has been given by those colonies which will thus profit by its success. The gardens at Peradenia are 1594 feet above the level of the sea, and the following table will give a correct idea of the climate:-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------- OBSERVATIONS taken at PERADENIA, in Ceylon, in 1857. ----------+--------------------+----------+--------------------------- | Thermometer. | Rainfall | +------+------+------+ in | MONTH. | Max. |Mean. | Min. | inches. | REMARKS. ----------+------+------+------+----------+---------------------------

Chapters

1. Chapter 1 2. introduction into India. This important measure has now been crowned 3. CHAPTER I. 4. CHAPTER II. 5. CHAPTER III. 6. INTRODUCTION OF CHINCHONA-PLANTS INTO INDIA. 7. CHAPTER V. 8. CHAPTER VI. 9. CHAPTER VII. 10. CHAPTER VIII. 11. CHAPTER IX. 12. CHAPTER X. 13. CHAPTER XI. 14. CHAPTER XII. 15. CHAPTER XIII. 16. CHAPTER XIV. 17. CHAPTER XV. 18. CHAPTER XVI. 19. CHAPTER XVII. 20. CHAPTER XVIII. 21. CHAPTER XIX. 22. CHAPTER XX. 23. CHAPTER XXI. 24. CHAPTER XXII. 25. CHAPTER XXIII. 26. CHAPTER XXIV. 27. CHAPTER XXV. 28. CHAPTER XXVI. 29. CHAPTER XXVII. 30. CHAPTER XXVIII. 31. CHAPTER XXIX. 32. CHAPTER I. 33. CHAPTER II. 34. CHAPTER III. 35. INTRODUCTION OF CHINCHONA-PLANTS INTO INDIA. 36. introduction into India of a plant the inestimable value of which had 37. CHAPTER V. 38. CHAPTER VI. 39. CHAPTER VII. 40. CHAPTER VIII. 41. CHAPTER IX. 42. 1780. The Inca, on pretence that some person had arrived at his house 43. CHAPTER X. 44. CHAPTER XI. 45. 1771. He must have been possessed of enormous wealth, to have enabled 46. CHAPTER XII. 47. CHAPTER XIII. 48. CHAPTER XIV. 49. CHAPTER XV. 50. CHAPTER XVI. 51. CHAPTER XVII. 52. CHAPTER XVIII. 53. CHAPTER XIX. 54. CHAPTER XX. 55. CHAPTER XXI. 56. CHAPTER XXII. 57. CHAPTER XXIII. 58. 1860. in 7 months, 59. CHAPTER XXIV. 60. CHAPTER XXV. 61. CHAPTER XXVI. 62. CHAPTER XXVII. 63. CHAPTER XXVIII. 64. 1861. In exchange for these plants a supply of _C. succirubræ_, and a 65. CHAPTER XXIX. 66. 1857. | | | | | 67. 1820. Died at St. John's, New Brunswick. 68. 19. C. HIRSUTA (_Ruiz and Pavon_) N. Peru. 69. 6. _C. magnifolia_ {( " _flor de Azahar_). 70. 7. _C. glandulifera_ ( " _negrilla_). 71. 1815. (1 tom. 4°, 112 paginas). 72. 441. A very illegible manuscript in the national library at Madrid. 73. 1850. Bustamante says that, at the time of his visit, there were a 74. 2. Mr. Spruce's _Report to the Under Secretary of State for India_, 75. 3. _Report of the Expedition to procure Plants and Seeds of the 76. 1. Very characteristic specimens of the bark, leaves, flowers, and 77. 2. Bark, leaves, and flowers of _C. crispa_, Tafalla, a kind which is 78. 3. Bark and leaves of _C. Lucumæfolia_ of Pavon, from Zamora. This 79. 1847. Also, Caldwell's _Comparative Dravidian Grammar_. The German 80. 1. _Memoir of the Varagherry Hills_, by Capt. B. S. Ward, _Madras 81. 2. _Observations on the Pulney Mountains_, by Dr. Wight, _Madras 82. 3. _Report on the Pulneys_, by Lieut. R. H. Beddome, _Madras Journal_, 83. 4. Sir Charles Trevelyan's _Official Tour in the South of India_. 84. 1. _Setaria Italica_, called _tennay_ in Tamil, and _samee_ by the 85. 2. _Panicum Miliaceum_, called _varagoo_ on the Pulney hills, and 86. 3. _Panicum pilosum_, or _badlee_, will grow in the worst soil, but is 87. 4. _Cynosurus corocanus_, or _ragee_, is a very prolific grain, and 88. 5. _Holcus spicatus_, or spiked millet, called _cumboo_ in Madras, and 89. 6. _Sorghum vulgare_, or great millet, called _cholum_ in Madras, and 90. 7. _Sesamum Indicum_, or gingelee oil-plant, called _till_ in the 91. 1. _Cicer arietinum_, or Bengal gram, the seeds of which are eaten, and 92. 2. _Dolichos unifloris_, or horse gram, with grey seeds, used for 93. 3. _Dolichos sinensis_, or _lobia_, a twining annual, with large pale 94. 4. _Cajanus Indicus_, pigeon-pea, or _toor_. A shrub three to six feet 95. 5. _Phaseolus mungo_, black gram, or _moong_. A nearly erect, hairy 96. 6. _Phaseolus rostratus_, or _hullounda_, a twining plant, with large, 97. 8. _Lablab cultratus_, a twining plant, with white, red, or purple 98. 9. _Dolichos lablab_, or _bulla_, a twining plant of which there are 99. 10. _Botanical Descriptions of Species of Chinchonæ now growing in 100. 1854. On the 31st of December, 1860, they had of

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