9. Apparatus for reducing the sulphurets of some metals by a stream of

hydrogen. A, the vessel with zinc and diluted sulphuric acid, the latter of which may be renewed by the funnel B. C, a ball on the emerging tube to prevent the liquid thrown up by the effervescence from passing forward. D, E, corks by which C and G are fitted into F, the tube which contains the sulphuret at F. G, the exit-tube for the sulphuretted-hydrogen, plying into a vessel containing acetate of lead. When the hydrogen has passed long enough to expel all the air, the spirit-lamp flame is applied at F; and when sulphuretted-hydrogen is formed, the lead solution is blackened. The figure is one-third the size of the apparatus. For Description of Figures 10 and 11, see p. 212. [Illustration: Fig. 7.] [Illustration: Fig. 8.] [Illustration: Fig. 9.] [Illustration: Fig. 10.] [Illustration: Fig. 11.] ----- Footnote 1: Orfila and Ollivier, Archives Générales de Médecine, x. 360. Footnote 2: Philosophical Transactions, 1811, 186. Footnote 3: Experiments on Opium, 1795, reprinted in his Treatise on Fevers, iv. 697. Footnote 4: Essay on the Operation of poisonous agents on the living body, 1829, p. 63. Footnote 5: Edin. Phys. and Lit. Essays, iii. 311. Footnote 6: Researches sur l’Acide Hydrocyanique, 1819, p. 179. Footnote 7: Experimental Inquiry on poisoning with oxalic acid. By Dr. Coindet and myself.—Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xix. _passim_. Footnote 8: Philosophical Transactions, 1811, p. 184. Footnote 9: Annales de Chimie et de Physique, vi. 349. Footnote 10: Report of the Trial of Freeman for the murder of Judith Buswell, London Medical Gazette, viii. 796–8. Footnote 11: See subsequently the chapter on Hydrocyanic acid. Footnote 12: Taylor’s Medical Jurisprudence, p. 18. Footnote 13: Annales de Chim. et de Phys. xxvi. 54. Footnote 14: Philosophical Transactions, 1811, p. 182. Footnote 15: Trans. Royal Soc. of Edinburgh, xiii. 393. Footnote 16: Zeitschrift für die Physiologie, iii. i. 81. Footnote 17: Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, liii. 35, and lvi. 412. Footnote 18: Archiv. für Anatomie und Physiologie, iv. 192. Footnote 19: Ed. Med. and Surg. Journ. liii. 46. Footnote 20: Ed. Med. and Surg. Journ. xix. 335. Footnote 21: Bull. de l’Acad. Roy. de Méd. iii. 426, _et passim_. Footnote 22: Edin. Phys. and Lit. Essays, iii. 334. Footnote 23: Philosophical Transactions, 1811, 198; and Archiv. für Anatomie und Physiologie, iv. 192. Footnote 24: Sur le Mechanisme de l’Absorption, 1809; republished, in Journ. de Physiol. i. 26. Footnote 25: Recherches sur l’Acide Hydrocyanique, 180. Footnote 26: Revue Médicale, 1827, i. 515. Footnote 27: Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xix. 173. Footnote 28: Diss. Inaug. de Venenatis acidi Borussici effectibus. Tubingæ, 1805. Footnote 29: Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, liii. 45. Footnote 30: Journal des Progrès des Sciences Méd. 1827, iii. 121. Footnote 31: Essay on the Operation of Poisonous Agents on the Living Body. Footnote 32: Essay, &c. pp. 75, 76. Footnote 33: Essay, &c. pp. 69, 71. Footnote 34: Ibidem, pp. 81, 87. Footnote 35: Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, liii. 35. Footnote 36: Ed. Med. and Surg. Journal, lvi. 412. Footnote 37: Philosophical Transactions, 1841, p. 186. When death begins with any other organ but the heart, the heart remains irritable for some time after, and contains black blood in all its cavities. Footnote 38: Ib. p. 196. Footnote 39: Diss. Inaug. de Venenis Mineralibus. Edinburgi, 1813. Footnote 40: Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xix. _passim_. Footnote 41: Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, li. 330; liv. 339; lvi. 104. The Hæmadynamometer is an instrument invented by M. Poiseulle, which, when communicating with the interior of a blood-vessel, indicates the force of the circulation by the pressure of the blood on a column of mercury. Footnote 42: Mémoire sur l’Emétique—Bulletins de la Société Philomatique, 1812–13, p. 361. Footnote 43: Orfila, Toxicologie Générale, i. 258. Footnote 44: Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, lvi. 104, and other papers there quoted above. Footnote 45: Ibid. liv. 121. Footnote 46: Ibid. li. 344. Footnote 47: Emmert, Archiv. für Anatomie und Physiologie, i. l. 180. See also the Article False Angustura. Footnote 48: Transactions of the Roy. Soc. of Edinburgh, xiii. Footnote 49: Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, li. 330, liv. 339, lvi. 104. Footnote 50: Archives Gén. de Med. Nov. 1839, and Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, lvi. 106. Footnote 51: Ibidem, lvi. 123 and 422. Footnote 52: Ibid. xix. 326, 327. Footnote 53: Die Wirkung der Arzneimittel und Gifte, i. 278. Footnote 54: London Med. Gazette, xiv. 63. Footnote 55: Recherches sur l’Acide Hydrocyanique, 140. Footnote 56: Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xix. 330. Footnote 57: Journal de Physiologie, iv. 285. Footnote 58: Giornale di Fisica, ix. 458. Footnote 59: These views regarding the decomposition of poisons, were suggested to me in 1823 by my friend Dr. Coindet, Junior, of Geneva. Footnote 60: It is not any part of the object of this work to enter into the history of toxicology, more especially in early times. But it may be well here to state, that the claim which has been made by some for Dr. Barry, of having discovered this mode of treatment, is groundless. It is distinctly laid down by Nicander, Celsus, Dioscarides, Galen, and others who lived in their times; and among the moderns who have mentioned it, Gräter, in 1767, notices it in his thesis, “de venenis in genere,” printed at Frankfort. On the ancient history of toxicology the reader will find an excellent summary by Mr. Adams in the Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal, xxxiii. 315, and a full exposition in Professor Marx’s elaborate work, “die Lehre von den Giften.” Footnote 61: Archives Générales de Médecine, Nov. 1826. Footnote 62: Journal des Progrès des Sciences Médicales, 1827, iii. 121. Footnote 63: See the Chapter on Arsenic for some remarks on this subject.—Also Beckman’s History of Inventions. Footnote 64: See subsequently the cases of the Crown Prince of Sweden, in the first section of the present chapter, and that of General Hoche, Part II. Chap. ii. Sect. 2. Footnote 65: I allude to the case of Castaing. See Opium. Footnote 66: Feuerbach. Actenmässige Darstellung Merkwürdiger Verbrechen, i. 1. For some observations on the three fatal cases, see the Chapter on Arsenic, under the head of the effects of that poison as an antiseptic. Footnote 67: See an opinion of the Berlin College in Pyl’s Repertorium für die gerichtliche Arzneikunde, i. 244. Footnote 68: Orfila. Médecine-Légale, ii. 360. Henke. Lehrbuch der gerichtlichen Medizin, 448. Tortosa. Istituzioni di Medicina Forense, ii. 86. Beck’s Medical Jurisprudence, 419. Footnote 69: Hume on Crimes, i. 178. Footnote 70: Howell’s State Trials, xviii. 1135. Footnote 71: Hünefeld in Horn’s Archiv, 1827, i. 203. Footnote 72: Weiss in Revue Médicale, Janv. 1826. Footnote 73: See subsequently the Chapter on Arsenic, Section ii. Footnote 74: Archives Générales de Médecine, i. 17; also Abercrombie on Diseases of the Stomach, &c. 273. Footnote 75: See Oxalic Acid and Nux Vomica. Footnote 76: Rossi. Ueber die Art und Ursache des Todes des hochseligen Kronprinzen von Schweden. Berlin, 1812. Footnote 77: Edinburgh Medico-Chirurgical Transactions, ii. 309. Footnote 78: Alberti, Systema Jurispr. Medic, i. c. 13. § 4. Footnote 79: See Arsenic—Morbid appearances. Footnote 80: Magazin für die gesammte Heilkunde, xiv. 104. Footnote 81: Journal de Médecine, xxix. 107. Footnote 82: Aufsätze und Beobachtungen aus der gerichtlichen Arzneiwissenschaft, v. 103. Footnote 83: Wildberg. Praktisches Handbuch für Physiker, iii. 227. Footnote 84: Aufsätze und Beobachtungen, &c. ii. 122. Footnote 85: Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal, xviii. 171. Footnote 86: London Medico-Chirurgical Transactions, ii. 158. Footnote 87: Archiv für Medizinische Erfahrung, 1834, p. 754. Footnote 88: Edinburgh Medico-Chirurgical Transactions, ii. 303. Footnote 89: New York Medical and Philosophical Journal, iii. No. 1. Footnote 90: De Veneficio caute dijudicando in Schlegel’s Collectio opusculorum, &c. iv. 22. Footnote 91: Edinburgh Medico-Chirurgical Transactions, ii. 291, Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal, xxvii. 457, and xxix. 26. Footnote 92: Archives Générales de Médecine, ii. 58. Footnote 93: Materialien für die Staatsarzneikunde, 130. Footnote 94: Ueber die gerichtlich-medizinische Beurtheilung der Vergiftungen. Kopp’s Jahrbuch, vii. 159. Footnote 95: Rust’s Magazin für die gesammte Heilkunde, iii. 24. Footnote 96: Aufsätze und Beobachtungen, viii. 92. Footnote 97: Morning Chronicle, Jan. 8, 1823. Footnote 98: Journal Universel des Sciences Médicales, xix. 340. Footnote 99: Horn’s Archiv für Medizinische Erfahrung, 1823, i. 451. Footnote 100: Bachmann. Einige auserlesene gerichtlich-medizinische Abhandlungen, von Schmitt, Bachmann, &c. p. 21. Footnote 101: Revue Médicale, 1828, ii. 469. Footnote 102: Orfila, in Journ. de Chim. Med. 1842, p. 77. Footnote 103: Probably black extravasation. Footnote 104: Marx, die Lehre von den Giften, i. ii. 429, from Hitzig’s Zeitschrift für die Criminal-Rechts-Pflege, I. i. 1. Footnote 105: Charret, in Revue Médicale, 1827, i. 514. Footnote 106: As a specimen of the vague, desultory, and erroneous nature of the investigations which have been made by authors on this subject, I may quote some remarks published by Virey in the Journal Universel (vi. 26), and drawn, he says, from a comparison of statements in various works. He states that arsenic, which is so fatal to animals in general, merely purges dogs and wolves more or less; that nux vomica is less fatal to man than to dogs; that pepper is fatal to hogs, parsley to parrots, the agrostis arundinacea to goats, elder-berries to poultry, chenopodium vulvaria to swine; that on the contrary the goat eats with impunity hemlock, daphne gnidium, and some species of euphorbia; that the camel eats all species of euphorbia, the hedgehog cantharides, the horse monkshood, ranunculus flammula, and buckthorn; asses and mules white hellebore, swine yew-berries; all which are poisonous to animals in general. He does not state special authorities for these facts; but they are taken from authors not of the most modern times, and must be received, in my opinion, with great reserve, notwithstanding the respect which he claims for the older writers. Some of the statements are plainly false. In a more recent paper Virey lays it down as a general principle, that poisons from the inorganic kingdom act more or less on the whole animated creation, but that vegetable and animal poisons are such only in respect to particular animals; that carnivorous animals are more sensible to the action of vegetable poisons, but less so to that of animal poisons, than herbivorous or graminivorous animals; and that the activity of poisons on different animals bears a ratio in the first place to their relative sensibility, and secondly, to the digestive power of their stomach. I question whether these views will be generally admitted by toxicologists, without much more extensive and more careful inquiries than any hitherto made. [Journ. de Chim. Méd. vii. 214.] Another singular illustration of the facility with which facts are admitted in proof of the varying effects of poisons on different animals, is a statement by a German naturalist, Dr. Lenz, to the effect that the hedgehog altogether resists the most powerful poisons. He states that he has seen one receive ten or twelve wounds from a viper on the ears, muzzle, and tongue, without sustaining any harm; and that ultimately it kills and devours the snake. He quotes Palias for the fact that it has taken 100 cantharides flies without injury, and says a medical friend who wished to dissect a hedgehog, gave it successively hydrocyanic acid, arsenic, opium, and corrosive sublimate, without being able to kill it [L’Institut. ii. 84]. His countryman Reich, however, contradicts these statements, observing that he has poisoned the hedgehog with hydrocyanic acid, arsenic, and corrosive sublimate, but that doses considerably larger are required for a dog or cat. Ninety grains of medicinal hydrocyanic acid, thirty of arsenic, and twenty of corrosive sublimate, occasioned death. [Annalen der Pharmacie, i. 358.] One of my colleagues having lately quoted Lenz’s assertion in his lectures, some of his pupils brought me two hedgehogs to be subjected to experiment. A drop of the pure acid put upon the tongue killed each within a minute. The following experiments by Professor Gohier of the veterinary school of Lyons are worth mentioning; but in order to be satisfactory would require to be performed in a more consecutive train. Muriate of soda in the dose of two or three pounds causes in the horse great disorder and even death. Calomel has no effect. The juice of rhus toxicodendron has no effect on the _solipedes_ either internally or applied to the skin. Ten drachms of opium cause in the horse tympanitis and stupor, not somnolency. Thirty-six grains of opium had no effect on a dog. Cantharides does not injure the horse in the dose of a drachm, or the dog in that of nine grains. When the sheep swallows yew-leaves it is soon seized with locked-jaw and convulsive movements of the lips and flanks: in the horse they cause dilated pupil, convulsive movements of the eyes, and restlessness: the goat and dog eat them with impunity [Corvisart’s Journal de Médecine, xix. 156]: man is severely affected by them. Hyoscyamus, stramonium, hemlock, and other narcotic vegetables, though powerfully narcotic to man, will not affect the domestic animals unless given in doses 100 times as great as those given to man. [Ibid. 154.] The most important researches I have yet seen in this line of inquiry are those of Professor Viborg of Copenhagen, read in the Royal Danish Society of Sciences in 1792. He instituted a connected series of experiments, expressly to determine how far the effects of poisons on man correspond with those on the lower animals. The results were, that mineral poisons appeared to act nearly in the same manner on all orders of animals, antimonial and barytic salts alone excepted, the former of which acted powerfully on man, the carnivorous animals, and swine, but scarcely at all on ruminating and herbivorous animals, while the latter in doses of a drachm had no effect on horses: That animal poisons resemble mineral poisons in their leading effects on most animals: That the vegetable acrids also act pretty uniformly on most animals: and that of the vegetable narcotics there are few which possess poisonous properties in regard to certain animals only. Yew-leaves kill all ruminating animals, and, notwithstanding Virey’s statement, swine, mules, and horses, also chickens; and they produce violent symptoms in geese, ducks, cats and dogs, although Gohier says dogs eat them with impunity. An ape ate a large quantity of the Æthusa cynapium without injury. Dogs took from an ounce and a half to three ounces of belladonna without dangerous symptoms. [Marx, die Lehre von den Giften,—from Viborg’s Sammlung von Abhandlungen für Thierärzte, i. 277.] Professor Mayer of Bonn, in an inquiry into the effects of the Coriaria myrtifolia, found that rabbits are not affected at all by a drachm of the extract of the juice given internally, or applied to a wound; while half a drachm swallowed by a cat kills it in a few hours, and three grains will have the same effect when introduced into a wound. He likewise found that it is a deadly poison to the dog, the hawk, and the frog. [Journal der Praktischen Heilkunde, lxviii. 4, 43.] Professor Giacomini of Padua says, that “in many experiments performed by him on dogs and rabbits, he has constantly observed, that the former, as being carnivorous by nature, sustain stimulating substances tolerably well; while rabbits, being herbivorous, stand stimulants ill, but sedatives well.” “Hence many herbivorous animals eat with impunity large quantities of vegetable poisons of the sedative kind which prove fatal to carnivorous animals.” [Annali Univ. di Med. 1841, i. 372.] This may be true as a general rule. But it is not universally applicable; for alcoholic fluids kill dogs with great swiftness in no great dose. An extraordinary statement was lately brought before the French Institute, to the effect that 120 sheep, affected with an epidemic pleurisy, got each about 500 grains of arsenic without sustaining the slightest harm; and that it was also ascertained to have no poisonous action upon sheep even in a state of health. A commission of the Institute, however, which was appointed to test this assertion, found that healthy sheep were killed by a dose of 155 grains, if they had fasted for some time before [Annales d’Hyg. Publ. &c. 1843, xxix. 468.] It is reasonable to suppose, that ruminating animals, whose alimentary canal is scarcely ever empty should suffer less than carnivorous animals from such poisons as arsenic. Lassaigne, in some experiments with arsenic, incidentally remarked, that 246 grains of solid arsenic given daily for four days had no effect whatever on a horse; but that this result seemed to depend on the difficulty which the stomach must experience in appropriating it among the bulky materials of its food; for 154 grains in solution killed the same animal in six hours [Journ. de Chim. Méd. 1841, 82].—Gianelli of Lucca found that a horse was killed in eight hours by 185 grains of powder of arsenic given in the form of bolus [Annales d’Hyg. Publ. &c. 1842, xxviii. 88]. I might easily extend these extracts. But the result would be merely a mass of contradiction, from which no sound conclusion could be drawn, otherwise the subject would have been discussed in the text. Footnote 107: Pyl’s Aufsätze und Beobachtungen, i. 29. Footnote 108: Celebrated Trials, vi. 55. Footnote 109: Toxicologie Générale, ii. 676. Footnote 110: Journal des Progrès des Sciences Médicales, 1827, iv. 124. See subsequently the articles Oxalic Acid and Narcotine. Footnote 111: Journal de Chimie Méd. vii. 131. Footnote 112: Journal de Physiologie, ii. 1, and iii. 81. Footnote 113: Ibidem, iii. 84. Footnote 114: De Sedibus et Causis Morborum, T. ii. Ep. lix. 18. Footnote 115: Knape und Hecker’s Kritische Jahrbücher der Staatsarzneikunde, ii. 100. Footnote 116: L’Examinateur Médical, 1 Juin, 1842, from Bulletino delle Scien. Med. Jan. 1842. Footnote 117: Annales d’Hyg. Publ. et de Méd. Lég. 1842, xxviii. 84. Footnote 118: Ibid. 1843, xxix. 471. Footnote 119: Trial.—This is a good illustration. Nevertheless, it will be seen under the head of morbid appearances caused by the irritant class of poisons, that Dr. Bostock’s experiments, though conclusive as to the statement in the text, did not affect the real questions in the case. Footnote 120: See trial of Freeman—_article_ Hydrocyanic Acid. Footnote 121: I have unfortunately mislaid the reference to this interesting fact, which was taken, I think, from a French periodical. In this country arsenic is never employed for the purpose mentioned in the text. Footnote 122: Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, xxxiii. 67. Footnote 123: Archives Générales de Médecine, xxi. 364. Footnote 124: Journal de Chimie Médicale, vi. 149. Footnote 125: Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxix. 23. Footnote 126: Ibid., xxvii. 441. On considering, however, this and other instances of the kind which have since come under my notice, I suspect the case is rendered intelligible by the effect of sleep in suspending or delaying for a time the action of arsenic and other simply irritating poisons. See above—_evidence from symptoms beginning soon after a meal_, p. 46.—also _article_ Arsenic. Footnote 127: Howell’s State Trials, xviii. Footnote 128: Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, xxxv. 298. Footnote 129: Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal, xxii. 438. Footnote 130: For a very striking example of the latter description see Hufeland’s Journal der Praktischen Heilkunde, xii. i. 110. Fourteen people were seized about the same time in a charity workhouse. Footnote 131: Having mislaid the copy I possessed of this trial, I am unable to give here the reference. Footnote 132: De Sedibus et Causis Morborum, T. ii. Ep. lix. 7. Footnote 133: Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxxiii. 67. Footnote 134: Howell’s State Trials, xviii. Footnote 135: Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxvii. 441. The reader will remember that what was considered defective in the proof in this trial, the connection between the administration of a suspicious article and the first invasion of the symptoms, would now appear less so, for the reason assigned in note [126] p. 77. Footnote 136: Sur l’Empoisonnement par l’acide nitrique, p. 243. Footnote 137: Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal, xxix. 19. Footnote 138: MM. Chevallier et Boys de Loury, in Annales d’Hyg. Publ. et Méd. Lég. xivv. 400. Footnote 139: MM. Lecanu and Chevallier in Annales d’Hyg. Publ. 1840, xxiv. 282. Footnote 140: London Medical Gazette, 1839–40, i. 575. Footnote 141: Dictionnaire des Sciences Médicales, Art. Indigestion, xxiv. p. 374. Footnote 142: Praktisches Handbuch für Physiker, iii. 292. Footnote 143: See also Dictionnaire des Sciences Médicales, _Art._ Rupture, xlix. 225. Footnote 144: Médicina Légale, ii. 22. Footnote 145: Archives Générales de Médecine, xx. 433. Footnote 146: Mr. Weekes, in London Medico-Chirurgical Transactions, xiv. 447. Footnote 147: London Medical and Physical Journal, June, 1831, vol. lxvi. Footnote 148: London Medico-Chirurgical Transactions, v. 93. Footnote 149: London Medical Repository, xvii. 108. Footnote 150: Bulletins des Sciences Médicales, x. 64. Footnote 151: Journal des Progrès des Sciences Médicales, xiv. Footnote 152: For an instance, see Bulletins des Sciences Médicales, ix. 249. Footnote 153: Aufsätze und Beobachtungen aus der gerichtlichen Arzneiwissenschaft, v. 89. Footnote 154: Med. Rep. on the Effects of Cold Water, 1798, p. 96. Footnote 155: New York Medical Register. Footnote 156: Ann. d’Hyg. Publ. et de Méd. Lég. xxvii. 57. Footnote 157: Abercrombie on Diseases of the Stomach, &c. 14. Footnote 158: Ann. d’Hyg. Publ. xxvii. 60. Footnote 159: Bulletins des Sciences Médicales, vi. 34. Footnote 160: De cauta et circumspecta veneni dati accusatione, § 12. Footnote 161: Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal, xxviii. 88. Footnote 162: Ibid. xxix. 70. Footnote 163: London Medical Gazette, viii. 496. Footnote 164: Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal, xxviii. 99. Footnote 165: Trial of Donnal.—See Paris and Fonblanque’s Medical Jurisprudence, iii. Appendix, 277, _et seq._ Footnote 166: Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal, xxviii. 87. Footnote 167: On Diseases of the Stomach and other Abdominal Viscera, p. 15. Footnote 168: Recherches sur la Gastro-entérite, ii. 51. Footnote 169: Laisné sur les Perforations Spontanées, p. 206, from Recueil des observations des Hopitaux Militaires, i. 375.—This case is also given by MM. Petit and Serres in their treatise entitled “de la Fièvre Entéro-Mésenterique,” p. 197, and is considered by them an instance of that particular disease. Footnote 170: Trans. of Provinc. Med. and Surg. Association, vol. i. Footnote 171: Louis in Archives Générales de Médecine, i. 17, or Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxi. 239, also Abercrombie on Diseases of the Stomach, &c. 273, and Louis Recherches sur la Gastro-entérite, _passim_. Footnote 172: Abercrombie on Diseases of the Stomach, &c. pp. 156 and 243. Footnote 173: Abercrombie on Diseases of the Stomach, &c., p. 52. Footnote 174: For cases of this disease, see Abercrombie on Diseases of the Stomach, &c., p. 156 and 181. Footnote 175: Considérations Medico-légales sur les perforations spontanées de l’estomac, 1819. This thesis, published with three others on medico-legal subjects, is understood to have been in a great measure the work of the late Professor Chaussier. Footnote 176: Trans. of the Dublin College of Physicians, i. 2, and London Medico-Chirurgical Transactions, viii. 228. Footnote 177: Guy’s Hospital Reports, 1839, iv. 20. Footnote 178: Abercrombie on Diseases of the Stomach, 41. Footnote 179: London Medico-Chirurg. Transactions, viii. 233. Footnote 180: Archives Générales de Médecine, xxvi. 123. Footnote 181: On Diseases of the Stomach, pp. 35, 37. Footnote 182: Guy’s Hospital Reports, 1839, iv. 16. Footnote 183: Guy’s Hosp. Rep. 1839, 52. Footnote 184: Edinb. Med-Chirurgical Transactions, i. 311. Footnote 185: Rust’s Magazin für die gesammte Heilkunde, xxi. 199. This paper is analysed in Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, xxvi. 451. Footnote 186: Philosophical Transactions, lxii. 447. Footnote 187: Gastellier in Leroux’s Journal de Médecine, xxxiii. 24. Footnote 188: Archives Générales de Médecine, xi. 463. Footnote 189: Mr. Kell in London Medical Gazette, ii. 649. Footnote 190: Magazin für die gesammte Heilkunde, xviii. 107. Footnote 191: Revue Médicale, 1826, i. 100. Footnote 192: Jahrbuch des Oesterreiches Staates, xxii. 54, or Arch. Gén. de Méd. xlvi. 480. Footnote 193: Journal de Médecine, xxxiv. 25. Footnote 194: Affaire Hullin. Archives Générales de Médecine, xix. 332. Footnote 195: London Medico-Chirurgical Transactions, iv. 371. Footnote 196: Archives Générales de Médecine, Oct. and Nov. 1826; also Edin. Medical and Surgical Journal, xxviii. 149. Footnote 197: De la Membranes Muqueuse Gastro-intestinale, 1825. Footnote 198: Ibid. p. 220. Footnote 199: For a case of this rare and singular disease, see Edin. Medical and Surgical Journal, xxvi. 214. Footnote 200: Kopp’s Jahrbuch der Staatsarzneikunde, ii. 169. Footnote 201: Journal de Médecine, vii. 333. Also Foderé, Traité de Médecine-Légale, iv. 282. Footnote 202: Nouvelle Bibliothèque Médicale, 1828, iii. 141. Footnote 203: Philos. Trans. lxii. 450. Footnote 204: See Analysis of his Essay by Dr. Gumprecht, Lond. Med. Repos. x. 416. Footnote 205: Laisné, Sur les Perforations Spontanées, 149. Footnote 206: The last cases were observed by Hunter. See Philos. Transactions, lxii. 452. Footnote 207: Fisica Animale e Vegetabile. Dissertazione quinta, § ccxxiii.-ccxxxi. T. ii. 86–89, Edit. Venezia, 1782. Footnote 208: De Alimentorum Concoctione. Diss. Inaug. Edinburgh 1777. Footnote 209: Experiments on Digestion. Appendix to Spallanzani’s Dissertations relative to the Natural History of Animals and Vegetables. London Edition, 1784, i. 317. Footnote 210: Expériences sur la Digestion dans l’homme. Paris, 1814, pp. 20, _et seq._ Footnote 211: Die Verdauung nach Versuchen, &c. Heidelberg, 1825, or the French Edition, Recherches Expérimentales Physiologiques et Chimiques sur la Digestion, 1826, _passim_. Footnote 212: Inquiry into the Chemical Solution of the stomach after death. Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, xxxiv. 282. Footnote 213: Medizinisch-Chirurgische Zeitung, 1828, ii. 57, 77, 93, and 107. Footnote 214: Edinb. Med. and Surg. Journal, vi. 135. Footnote 215: Journal Complémentaire du Dict. des Scien. Med. xxxvii. 194. Footnote 216: Horn’s Archiv für Medizinische Erfahrung, 1823, i. 45. Footnote 217: Trial of Angus for the murder of Margaret Burns, 1808. Footnote 218: Laisné sur les Perforations de l’Estomac, p. 190, and Bìllìard, Considérations sur l’Empoisonnement par les Irritans, _passim_. Footnote 219: Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, vi. 137. Footnote 220: London Medical Gazette, ii. 619. Footnote 221: Laisné. &c. p. 564. Footnote 222: Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxxii. 38. Footnote 223: London Med. Gazette, xiv. 30. Footnote 224: Traité de l’Empoisonnement par l’acide Nitrique, 1802, p. 87. Footnote 225: Novellæ Medico-legales, Cas. xxix. p. 211. Footnote 226: Bulletins ties Sciences Médicales, Janvier, 1830. Footnote 227: Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal, xxxv. 298. Footnote 228: Burnett on Criminal Law, 544. _Note._ Footnote 229: Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, xxxvi. 102. Footnote 230: Ibidem, xxii. 222. Footnote 231: Report of the Committee of the House of Commons on the Combination Laws, June, 1825, pp. 323–328. Evidence of Mr. Campbell and Mr. Robinson. Footnote 232: Cases and Observations in Medical Jurisprudence, Case iii. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxxi. 229. Footnote 233: London Med. Gazette, 1839–40, i. 944. Footnote 234: A Manual of Medical Jurisprudence, 1844, p. 94. Footnote 235: Toxicologie Générale, 1843, i. Footnote 236: Archiv für Medizinische Erfahrung, 1823, i. 456. Footnote 237: Revue Médicale, 1824, ii. 469. Footnote 238: Toxicologie Gén. 4ème edition, 1843, i. 112. Footnote 239: Poggendort’s Annalen der Physik und Chemie, xli. 643. Buchner’s Repertorium, 1838, lxiv. 20. Footnote 240: Buchner’s Repertorium, lxiv. 32. Footnote 241: Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1841, 474. Footnote 242: Toxicologie Gén. i. 77. Footnote 243: Ibidem, 78. Footnote 244: Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1842, 266. Footnote 245: London Medical Gazette, 1841–42, ii. 254. Footnote 246: Traité de l’Empoisonnement par l’acide nitrique, 1802. Footnote 247: Lebidois, Arch. Gén. de Med. xiii. 367. Footnote 248: Martini in Rust’s Magazin für die gesammte Heilkunde, xviii. 159. Footnote 249: Correa de Serra in Journal de Chimie Médicale, ii. 209, on the third day. Footnote 250: Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, xxxvi. 103. Footnote 251: Archives Générales de Médecine, xiii. 367. Footnote 252: Tartra, iii. 87. Footnote 253: Desgranges, Recueil Périodique de la Société de Médecine, vi. 22. Tulpius, Observationes Medicinales, iii. 43. Footnote 254: Annales d’Hygiène Publique, xvii. 362. Footnote 255: Journal der Praktischen Heilkunde, vii. ii. 18. Footnote 256: Archives Générales, xiii. 367. Footnote 257: Tartra, p. 160. Footnote 258: Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, xxxvi. 102. Footnote 259: Journal der Praktischen Heilkunde, xlix. iii. 60. Footnote 260: Journal der Praktischen Heilkunde, vii. ii. 18. Footnote 261: Mr. J. B. Thomson in London Med. Gazette, 1841–42, i. 146. Footnote 262: Martini’s case. Footnote 263: London Med. Gazette, 1834, xiv. 489. Footnote 264: Tendering in Horn’s Archiv für Medizinische Erfahrung, 1825, i. 458. Footnote 265: Journal de Médecine par Corvisart, xix. 263. Footnote 266: Rust’s Magazin für die gesammte Heilkunde, xxiii. 156. Footnote 267: Lancet, 1836–37, ii. 835. Footnote 268: Lancet, 1836–37, i. 195. Footnote 269: London Medical Gazette, xii. 219. Footnote 270: Augustin’s Repertorium, i. ii. 15. Footnote 271: Archives Gén. de Méd., xxi. 372, _note_. Footnote 272: Journal Hebdomadaire. Footnote 273: Tartra, p. 124. Footnote 274: Dr. Bartley, iv. 289, and Mr. Diamond, v. 110. Footnote 275: Mr. Bevan, i. 756. Footnote 276: Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1835, 426. Footnote 277: Dublin Journal of Med. and Chem. Science, No. 25. Footnote 278: Horn’s Archiv für Medizinische Erfahrung, 1823, i. 465. Footnote 279: Ibid. 452. Footnote 280: Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxxvi. 101. Lond. Med. Gazette, xii. 221. Footnote 281: Horn’s Archiv, &c. 453. Footnote 282: London Medical Gazette, xiv. 489, and 1837–8, ii. 76. Footnote 283: Louis, ibidem, xiv. 30. Footnote 284: Philadelphia Journal of Med. and Phys. Sciences, iv. 410. Footnote 285: London Medical Gazette, viii. 76. Footnote 286: Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, liii. 406. Footnote 287: Aufsätze und Beobachtungen, ii. 122. Footnote 288: Archives Générales de Médecine, xiii. 368. Footnote 289: Horn’s Archiv, &c. 1823, i. 456. Footnote 290: Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, liii. 401. Footnote 291: Edin. Med and Surg. Journ. xxii. 222, and xxxvi. 103. Footnote 292: Kerkringii opera omnia, p. 146. Footnote 293: Annales d’Hygiène Publique, &c. xvii. 362. Footnote 294: Robert in Nouvelle Bibliothèque Médicale, 1827, iv. 415. Footnote 295: Henke’s Zeitschrift für die Staatsarzneikunde, xxxii. 161. Footnote 296: Toxicologie Générale, ii. 689. Footnote 297: Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, xxii. 222. Footnote 298: Ibidem, xxxv. 302. Footnote 299: Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1840, 30. Footnote 300: Medizinisch-Chirurgische Zeitung, 1824, iv. 276. Footnote 301: Rust’s Magazin für die gesammte Heilkunde, 1837, l. 501. Footnote 302: Dr. Sinclair. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxxvi. 99; and case of Humphrey. Ibidem, xxxv. 301. Footnote 303: London Medical Gazette, xii. 219. Mr. Arnott’s Case. Footnote 304: Lancet, 1829–30, ii. 330 and 432. Footnote 305: Orfila. Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1842, p. 5. Footnote 306: Peligot. Journal de Pharmacie, 1833, p. 644. Footnote 307: Barthemot. Journal de Pharmacie, 1841, 560. Footnote 308: Archives Générales de Médecine, xxi. 365. Footnote 309: Lancet, 1829–30, ii. 840. Footnote 310: Annales d’Hygiène Publique, &c. xxviii. 200. Also Toxicologie Générale. 1843, i. 142. Footnote 311: Journal de Chim. Médicale, 1842, 266. Footnote 312: Annales d’Hygiène Publique, 1842, xxviii. 317. Footnote 313: Prout, Philosophical Transactions, 1824, p. 45.—Tiedemann and Gmelin, Die Verdauung nach Versuchen, _passim_.—_Children_, Annals of Philosophy, 1824, viii. 68. Footnote 314: Philosophical Transactions, 1824, p. 49. Footnote 315: London Medical Gazette, 1839–40, i. 285. Footnote 316: Lancet, 1839–40, i. 899. Footnote 317: Toxicologie Générale, i. 155. Footnote 318: Lins in Buchner’s Repertorium, lxviii. 389. Footnote 319: Toxicologie Générale, i. 56. Footnote 320: Worbe in Mémoires de la Société Médicale d’Emulation, ix. 507. Footnote 321: Annales de Chimie, xxvii. 87. Footnote 322: Worbe, &c. and Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxviii. 228. Footnote 323: Revue Médicale, 1829, iii. 429. Footnote 324: Buchner’s Repertorium für die Pharmacie, lxxi. 341. Footnote 325: Diction. de Méd. et de Chir. Pratiques, xii. 707. Footnote 326: Medizinisch-Chirurgische Zeitung, 1826, iv. 183. Footnote 327: Horn’s Archiv für Medizinische Erfahrung, 1830, ii. 861. Footnote 328: Corvisart’s Journal de Médecine, xxi. 70. Footnote 329: Toxicologie Générale, i. 141. Footnote 330: Dr. O’Shaughnessey, in Lancet, 1829–30, ii. 632. Footnote 331: Experimental Essay on Iodine, &c. 1837, p. 21. Footnote 332: Journal de Chimie Médicale, ii. 291. Footnote 333: Ibid. iv. 388. Footnote 334: Lancet, 1830–31, vol. i. 613. Footnote 335: Ibidem, 612. Footnote 336: Annales d’Hygiène Publique, xxviii. 431. Footnote 337: Annali Universali di Med. 1833. Footnote 338: Essay on the Effects of Iodine, 1824, p. 20. Footnote 339: Horn’s Archiv für Medizinische Erfahrung, 1829, i. 340. Footnote 340: Dessaigne in Journal de Chim. Médicale, iv. 65. Footnote 341: Moncourrier, Ibidem, iv. 216. Footnote 342: Formulaire pour les Nouveaux Médicaments, 1825, p. 161. Footnote 343: Quoted in Dr. Cogswell’s Experimental Essay, p. 23. Footnote 344: Quoted in Dr. Cogswell’s Experimental Essay, p. 27. Footnote 345: Gairdner on the Effects of Iodine, p. 9. Footnote 346: Journal Complémentaire, xviii. 126. Footnote 347: Magazin für die gesammte Heilkunde, xvi. 111. Footnote 348: Gairdner, &c. p. 12. Footnote 349: Magazin für die gesammte Heilkunde, xxii. 291. Footnote 350: American Journal of Medical Science, viii. 546. Footnote 351: Archiv für Medizinische Erfahrung, 1829, i. 342. Footnote 352: Johnson’s Preface to his Translation of Coindet on Iodine, p. ix. Footnote 353: Gairdner, p. 20. Footnote 354: Coindet on Iodine, p. 17. Footnote 355: London Medical Gazette, 1839–40, ii. 588. Footnote 356: Cogswell’s Essay, p. 42. Footnote 357: Lancet, 1829–30, ii. 635. Footnote 358: Toxicologie Générale, 1843, i. 74. Footnote 359: Lancet, 1829–30, ii. 638. Footnote 360: Archives Générales de Médecine, x. 255. Footnote 361: Lancet, 1831–32. Footnote 362: Manual of Medical Jurisprudence, 128. Footnote 363: London Medical Gazette, 1841. Footnote 364: Ibidem, 1839–40, i. 588. Footnote 365: This adulteration and its effects have been indicated by various chemists. For the best account, see Chevallier, sur les falsifications qu’on fait subir au sel marin, Annales d’Hyg. Publ. et de Méd. Lég. viii. 250. At one time he found about a third of the salt in Paris thus sophisticated. Footnote 366: Cours de Médecine-Légale, 1840, iii. 183. Footnote 367: Manual of Medical Jurisprudence, p. 38. Footnote 368: Zeitschrift für Physiologie, ii. Footnote 369: Ibidem. Footnote 370: Lancet, 1830–31, i. 613. Footnote 371: Experimental Essay on Iodine, &c. 1837, p. 91. Footnote 372: De l’Action du Brôme et de ses combinaisons sur l’économie animale. Thèse Inaug. à Paris, 1828. Footnote 373: Hufeland’s Bibliothek der Praktischen Heilkunde, Sept. 1829; or Archives Gén. de Méd. xxiv. 289. Footnote 374: Meckel’s Archiv für Anatomie und Physiologie, xiv. 222. Footnote 375: Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, lviii. 120. Footnote 376: Bulletins de Thérapeutique, Février, 1830. Footnote 377: Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1837, 227. Footnote 378: Annales d’Hygiène Publ. et de Méd. Lég. vi. 169. Footnote 379: Beiträge zur Kentniss der Wirkungen der Arzneimittel und Gifte. Horn’s Archiv. 1824, i. 59. Footnote 380: Medizinische Zeitung, 1828, ii. 256. Footnote 381: Ann. d’Hyg. Publ. et de Méd. Lég. vi. 160. Footnote 382: Beiträge, &c. Horn’s Archiv, 1824, i. 56. Footnote 383: Corvisart’s Journal de Médecine, xxiv. 215. Footnote 384: Annales d’Hyg. Publ. et de Méd. Lég. vi. 159. Footnote 385: See Trousseau and Blanc, Arch. Gén. de Méd. Sept. 1830. Footnote 386: London Courier, September 22, 1827. Footnote 387: Manual of Medical Jurisprudence, 116. Footnote 388: London Medical Repository, i. 382. Footnote 389: Lond. Med. Rep. iii. 382. Footnote 390: Dissertatio Inauguralis de Acidi Oxalici vi venenata, Edin. 1821. Footnote 391: Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, xix. 163. Footnote 392: Medizinisch-Chirurgische Zeitung, 1828, ii. 203, _et seq._ Footnote 393: Lancet, 1830–31, i. 96. Footnote 394: Mr. A. Taylor. Manual of Medical Jurisprudence, p. 120. Footnote 395: Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xix. 168. Footnote 396: Mr. Davies in Lancet, 1838–39, i. 30. Footnote 397: Lancet, 1830–31, i. 187. Footnote 398: Toxicologie Gén. 1843, i. 190. Footnote 399: Bulletins de Pharmacie, vi. 87. Footnote 400: Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xix. 166. Footnote 401: Ibid. 169. Footnote 402: Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xix. _passim_. Footnote 403: Medizinisch-Chirurgische Zeitung, 1828, ii. 203, 219, 235, 254. Footnote 404: Toxicologie Gén., 1843, i. 187. Footnote 405: London Courier, Feb. 1, 1823. Footnote 406: St. James’s Chronicle, August 17, 1826. Footnote 407: London Medical Repository, xxii. 476. Footnote 408: Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xiv. 606. Footnote 409: London Medical Gazette, 1842–43, i. 490. Footnote 410: Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xix. 187. Footnote 411: London. Med. Gaz. i. 737. Footnote 412: Dr. Scott, in Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxiv. 67. Footnote 413: London Medical Gazette, 1842–43, i. 490. The quantity could scarcely have been two ounces, 1, because a penny-worth, which was what the person bought, amounts only to two drachms, and 2, because it could not have been dissolved, as the patient said was done, in four ounces of water. The word _ounces_ is probably a misprint for drachms. Footnote 414: Guy’s Hospital Reports, 1838, iii, 353. Footnote 415: London Med. Repository, xi. 20. Footnote 416: Ibid. vi. 474. Footnote 417: Guy’s Hospital Reports, 1838, iii. 353. Footnote 418: London Med. Repository, iii. 380. Footnote 419: Lancet, 1838–39, ii. 748. Footnote 420: London Medical Repository, xii. 18. London Medical Gazette, i. 737. Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal, xxiv. 67. Footnote 421: Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xiv. 607. Footnote 422: London Medical Gazette, i. 737. Footnote 423: Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, xix. 190. Footnote 424: Journal de Chim. Med. 1842, 211, and Orfila, Toxicologie Gén. 1843, i. 195. Footnote 425: Annales d’Hyg. Publique, 1842, xxvii. 422. Footnote 426: Lond. Med. Gazette, 1840–41, i. 480. Footnote 427: Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xix. 185. Footnote 428: Medizinisch-Chirurgische Zeitung, 1828, ii. 255. Footnote 429: Orfila, in Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1842, 145. Footnote 430: Annales d’Hygiène, Publique, 1842, xxviii. 206. Footnote 431: Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1842, 197. Footnote 432: Toxicol. Gén. i. 164, 3me Edition. Footnote 433: Ibid. 166, and also Archives Gén. de Méd. xiii. 373. Footnote 434: Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, li. 335, lvi. 345, lvi. 123. Footnote 435: Annales d’Hyg. Publique, xxviii. 212. Footnote 436: Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, liv. 341. Footnote 437: London Medical Gazette, 1842–43, i. 188. Footnote 438: Edin Med. and Surg. Journal, xxx. 310. Footnote 439: Toxicologia, p. 225. Footnote 440: London Med. Repository, vii. 118. Footnote 441: Orfila, Toxic. Gén. i. 167. Footnote 442: Edin. Med. and Surg. Journ. xxx. 310. Footnote 443: Surgical Observations, Part i. 82. Footnote 444: Toxic. Gén. i. 169. Footnote 445: Bulletin de l’Acad. Roy. de Méd. 1836, i. 151. Footnote 446: Journal de Pharmacie, ix. 355, or Med. Repos. xx. 441. Footnote 447: Annales d’Hygiène Publique, xxix. 417. Footnote 448: Toxic. Gén. i. 193. Footnote 449: Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, li. 334, liv. 346. Footnote 450: Annales d’Hygiène Publique, xxix. 415. Footnote 451: Experimental Essays, p. 113. Footnote 452: Journal de Médecine, lxxiii. 22. Footnote 453: Tartra sur l’empoisonnement par l’acide nitrique, 136. Footnote 454: London Med. Repository, xxiii. 523. Footnote 455: Experimental Essays, pp. 114, 115. Footnote 456: Souville in Journal de Médecine, lxxiii. 19. Footnote 457: Laflize in Journ. de Méd. lxxi. 401. Footnote 458: Manual of Medical Jurisprudence, 1844, 130. Footnote 459: Alexander, Experimental Essays, p. 109. Footnote 460: Memoirs of London Med. Society, iii. 527. Footnote 461: Edin. Med. and Surg. Journ. xiv. 34. Footnote 462: Annali Univers. di Medicina, 1836, iii. 333. Footnote 463: Journal der Praktischen Heilkunde, lvii. i. 124. Footnote 464: Journal de Physiologie, iii. 243. Footnote 465: Toxicol. Gén. i. 174. Footnote 466: Gmelin’s Geschichte der Mineralischen Gifte, s. 252.7 Footnote 467: Timæi Casus Medicinales, lvii. c. 12. Footnote 468: Orfila, Toxic. Gén. i. 220. Footnote 469: Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, li. 336, lvi. 422, liii. 38. Footnote 470: Toxicol. _ut supra_. Footnote 471: Plenck, Toxicologia, 226. Footnote 472: Essay on Fevers, p. 308. Footnote 473: Bulletins de la Soc. de Méd. 1815, No. viii. T. iv. 352. Footnote 474: Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal, xiv. 642. Footnote 475: Revue Médicale, xvii. 265. Footnote 476: Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1840, 499. Footnote 477: London Medical Gazette, 1837, xxi. 529. Footnote 478: Orfila, Toxicol Gén. i. 229. Footnote 479: De salis ammoniaci, vi, &c. Heidelberg, 1826. Analysed in Revue Med. 1827, i. 284. Footnote 480: Orfila, i. 228. Footnote 481: Orfila, Annales d’Hygiène Publique, xxviii. 431. Footnote 482: Toxic. Gén. i. 177. Footnote 483: Annales, _ut supra_. Footnote 484: Toxicologie Gén. 1843, i. 269. Two from an Essay by M. Chantourelle, read before the Acad. de Médecine,; and one from M. Lafranque in Ann. de la Méd. Physiolog. Février, 1825. Footnote 485: Journ. Universel, xviii. 265. Footnote 486: See _Poisonous Gases_. Footnote 487: Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1842, p. 656. Footnote 488: It appears that arsenic does not always undergo this change. Berzelius once kept some fragments in an open phial for three years without observing any change in appearance or weight. [Annales de Chimie et de Physique, xi. 240.] Buchner once made a similar observation, and is inclined to think that oxidation does not occur, if the metal is quite pure. [Repertorium für die Pharmacie, xxi. 29.] Footnote 489: American Journ. of Med. Science, x. 122. Footnote 490: Hahnemann, Uber die Arsenic-vergiftung, 13. Footnote 491: Edin. Medico-Chirurgical Transactions, ii. 292. Footnote 492: Journal de Chimie Médicale, ii. 61. Footnote 493: As far back at least as the time of Zacchias. See his Quæstiones Medico-legales, iii. 37, 11. Footnote 494: Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, 1827, xxviii. 96. Footnote 495: Consult among others, Taylor’s Manual of Medical Jurisprudence, p. 135. Footnote 496: Toxicologie Gén. 1843, i. 376. Footnote 497: Magazin für die gesammte Heilkunde, v. 66. Footnote 498: Mr. Blandy, for example, who said he “perceived an extraordinary grittiness in his mouth, attended with a very painful pricking and burning pain in his tongue, throat, stomach, and bowels.” [Howell’s State Trials, xviii. 1135.] Footnote 499: American Journal of Medical Science, x. 122. Footnote 500: Schweigger’s Journal der Chemie. vi. 232. Footnote 501: Journal de Chimie Médicale, ii. 61. Footnote 502: London Philosophical Journal, 1837, ii. 482. Footnote 503: Ueber die Arsenic-vergiftung, 10. Footnote 504: Contrepoisons de l’Arsenic du sublimé corrosif, &c. i. 20. Footnote 505: Neues Nordisches Archiv. i. Footnote 506: Journal de Chimie Médicale, ii. 61. Footnote 507: Ueber die Arsenic-vergiftung, 223. Footnote 508: Lectures on Chemistry, ii. 430. Footnote 509: Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxii. 82, and Edin. Medico-Chirurgical Transactions, ii. 293. Footnote 510: Paris and Fonblanque’s Medical Jurisprudence, ii. 251. Footnote 511: Donovan in Dublin Phil. Journal, ii. 402. Footnote 512: Ibid. Footnote 513: American Journal of Medical Science, x. 126. Footnote 514: Annales d’Hyg. Pub. et de Med. Lég. xi. 224. Footnote 515: The only probable source of such impregnation is pyritic sulphur, which is frequently used abroad, and has of late been occasionally employed in this country, for making sulphuric acid. As pyrites commonly contains arsenic, the acid becomes adulterated with oxide of arsenic, and may communicate the same impregnation to various other reagents which are prepared by means of sulphuric acid. The oxide may easily be detected in that acid by a stream of hydrosulphuric acid gas, after moderate dilution with water; for pure acid is rendered milky; but an arsenical acid yields a yellow precipitate of sulphuret of arsenic. Footnote 516: Journal de Chim. Méd. viii. 449. Footnote 517: Reinsch, in Repertorium für die Pharmacie, lvi. 183. Footnote 518: This has been occasionally observed by Chevallier [Journal de Chim. Méd. 1840, 434], and once by M. Roturier [Ibidem, 627]. The former met with a medico-legal case where from this circumstance an erroneous opinion was at first formed in favour of poisoning. Footnote 519: London Med. Chirurgical Transactions, iii. 342. Footnote 520: See a paper by myself in Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxii. 60, where the fallacies to which the liquid tests are liable are investigated at great length. Footnote 521: Horn’s Archiv für Medizinische Erfahrung, 1827, i. 230. Footnote 522: Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxii. 74. Footnote 523: Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, July, 1824. Footnote 524: Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal, 1836, xxi. 229. Footnote 525: Mr. L. Thomson in Lond. Phil. Journal, 1837, i. 353.—Orfila, Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1841, p. 212.—Bischoff, Repertorium für die Pharmacie, lxxv. 411.—Mr. H. H. Watson, Manchester Memoirs, vi. 603.—Pettenkoffer, Repertorium für die Pharmacie, lxxvi. 289.—Berzelius, and a Committee of the French Institute, Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1841, 393.—Flandin and Danger, Ibidem, 1841, 435.—Malapert, Ibidem, 1841, 295.—Lassaigne, Ibidem, 1840, 638,—Mr. Ellis, Lancet, 1843.—A paper of my own, Edinburgh Monthly Journal of Med. Science, iii. 257. Footnote 526: Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1841, 393. Rapport de l’Institut. Footnote 527: Edinburgh Monthly Journal of Medical Science, 1843, iii. 257. Footnote 528: Journal für Praktischen Chemie, 1842, xxiv. 242. Footnote 529: See Edinburgh Monthly Journ. of Med. Science, 1843, iii. 774. Footnote 530: Annalen der Chimie und Pharmacie, 1844, xlix. 291. Footnote 531: Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal, 1824, xxii. 78. Footnote 532: Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie, xlix. 308. Footnote 533: Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1841, p. 413. Footnote 534: Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie, 1844, Mär 3, xlix. 308. Footnote 535: London Medical Gazette, 1840–41, i. 723. Footnote 536: Annales de Hygiène Publique, 1839, xxii. 404. Footnote 537: Ibidem, p. 418. Footnote 538: Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1839, 452. Footnote 539: Ibidem, 1841, 534. Footnote 540: Ibidem, 1842, 650. Footnote 541: London Philosophical Journal, 1842, ii. 403. Footnote 542: Wohler, Journal de Chim. Médicale, 1840, 96. Footnote 543: Bulletins de l’Acad. Roy. de Médecine, 1839, iii. 1073. Footnote 544: Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1840, 645, and 1841, 242. Footnote 545: Journ. de Chim. Méd. 1839, 346. Footnote 546: Annales d’Hygiène Publique, 1839, xxii. Footnote 547: Ibidem, 404. Footnote 548: Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1841, 223. Footnote 549: Repertorium für die Pharmacie, lxxv. 107. Footnote 550: Guy’s Hospital Reports, 1841, vi. 163. Footnote 551: Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1841, 17, 421, 431. Footnote 552: Annales d’Hygiène Publique, xxii. 450. Footnote 553: Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1841, 223. Footnote 554: Ibidem, 1840, 690. Footnote 555: Annales, &c. _ut supra_. Footnote 556: Revue Médicale. 1827, i. 365. Footnote 557: Beiträge zur gerichtlichen Arzneikunde, iv. 221. Footnote 558: January, 1819. Footnote 559: Annales d’Hygiène Publ. et de Med. Légale, xii. 393. Footnote 560: Ueber die Arsenic-vergiftung, pp. 14, 45. Footnote 561: Journal de Pharmacie, xiii. 207. Footnote 562: Journal de Chim. Med. ii. 113. Footnote 563: Trans. of Provincial Med. and Surg. Association, iii. 465. Footnote 564: See subsequently _Morbid Appearances_. Footnote 565: Dublin Journal of the Med. Sciences, xx. 422. Footnote 566: Repertorium für die Pharmacie, lxix. 271. Footnote 567: Buchner’s Toxicologie, 476. Footnote 568: Treatise on Poisons, third edition, pp. 270, 271. Footnote 569: Bulletins de l’Acad. Roy. de Médecine, 1839, iii. 426. Footnote 570: Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1840, p. 690. Footnote 571: Gazette Médicale, 1839, No. 20. Footnote 572: In a rabbit killed by arsenic applied to a wound Sir B. Brodie found the heart contracting feebly after death; and in a dog there were tremulous contractions incapable of supporting circulation. Sproegel found the peristaltic motion of the intestines and gullet vigorous in a dog an hour after death. [Diss. Inaug. in Halleri Disput. Med. Prac. vi. Exp. 31] Orfila in some experiments found the heart apparently inflamed and its irritability destroyed. [Arch. Gén. de Med. i. 147.] Footnote 573: Haller’s Disput. Med. Pract. vi. Exp. 35. Footnote 574: Diss. Inaug. Tubing. 1808. De effectibus Arsenici in var. organismos. Footnote 575: Phil. Trans. cii. 211. Footnote 576: Jaeger, p. 28. Footnote 577: Halleri Disput., &c., Exp. 36. Footnote 578: Renault sur les Contrepoisons de l’Arsénic, p. 42. Footnote 579: Ibidem, 45. Footnote 580: Journal de Chim. Méd. ii. 153. Footnote 581: Acta Germanica, v. Observ. 102. Footnote 582: Sur les Contrepoisons de l’Arsénic, p. 57. Footnote 583: Sur les Contrepoisons de l’Arsénic, p. 48. Footnote 584: Nov. Bibliothèque Méd. 1827, ii 59. Footnote 585: Acta Germanica, v. Observ. 102 Footnote 586: For the references to these cases, see p. 227. Footnote 587: Ueber Arsenic-Vergiftung, p. 53–4. Footnote 588: Journal Complémentaire, i. 107. Footnote 589: Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxxiii. 67. Footnote 590: Guy’s Hospital Reports, 1841, vi. 29. Footnote 591: Annales d’Hygiène Publique, 1837, xvi. 336, 345. Footnote 592: Rust’s Magazin für die gesammte Heilkunde, xx. 492. Footnote 593: Wibmer. Die Wirkung der Arzneimittel und Gifte, i. 257. From Alberti, Jurisp. Med. v. 619, cas. 24. Footnote 594: Bulletins de l’Académie Roy. de Médecine, 1841, v. 145. Footnote 595: Valentini Pandectæ Med.-legales, 1. iii. c. 24. Footnote 596: Sur les Contrepoisons de l’Arsénic, p. 62. Footnote 597: Foderé, in Journal Complémentaire, i. 107, from Bertrand, Manuel Medico-legal des Poisons, p. 185. Footnote 598: Toxicologie Gén. i. 429. Footnote 599: American Journal of Med. Science, xi. 61. Footnote 600: Mr. Hume, London Medical and Physical Journal, xlvi. 467. Footnote 601: Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, xxxvi. 94. Footnote 602: Beiträge zur gerichtlichen Arzneikunde, iv. 221. Footnote 603: Praktisches Handbuch für Physiker, iii. 298. Footnote 604: London Med. and Phys. Journal, xlix 117. Footnote 605: Annales d’Hygiène Publique, xvii. 338. Footnote 606: Pandectæ Medico-legales, P. i. s. iii. cas. xxvi. pp. 134, 135. Footnote 607: Diction. de Méd. et de Chir. Pratique, Art. Arsenic, iii. 340. Footnote 608: Archives Gén. de Médecine, vii 14.—Another case somewhat analogous has been related by Tonnelier in Corvisart’s Journal de Médecine (iv. 15). The person, a girl nineteen years of age, took the poison at eleven, dined pretty heartily at two, and concealed her sufferings till seven. Even before dinner, however, she had been observed occasionally to change countenance, as if uneasy. Footnote 609: Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxvii. 450. Footnote 610: London Med. Chir. Trans. ii. 134. Footnote 611: Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxix. 23. See also above, p. 77. Footnote 612: Mr. Page, Lancet, 1836–37, ii. 626. Footnote 613: Wendland in Augustin’s Archiv der Staatsarzneikunde, ii. 34. Footnote 614: Pyl’s Aufsätze und Beob. i. 55. Footnote 615: Bachmann. See subsequently, p. 260. State Trials, xviii. Case of Miss Blandy. Footnote 616: Wepfer, Historia Cicutæ, 276. Footnote 617: In a case by Schlegel. See Henke’s Zeitschrift für die Staatsarzneikunde, i. 81. Footnote 618: Buchmann, p. 40. Footnote 619: Journal de Médecine, iv. 383. Footnote 620: Journal de Chimie Med. 1842, p. 580. Footnote 621: Pyl’s Aufsätze und Beob. i. 55. Footnote 622: Metzger’s Materialien für die Staatsarzneikunde, ii. 96.—Lond. Med. Phys. Journ. xxviii. 345—and Wildberg’s Praktisches Handbuch, iii. 235–390. Footnote 623: Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, lix. 350. Footnote 624: Henke’s Zeitschrift für die Staatsarzneikunde, i. 29. Footnote 625: Tonnelier’s case. Corvisart’s Journal de Médecine, iv.—Roget’s case. Med. Chir. Transactions, ii. Footnote 626: Med. and Phys. Journal, xxviii. 347. Footnote 627: Henke’s Zeitschrift, i. 31. Footnote 628: De Veneficio caute dijudicando. Schlegel’s Opusc. iv. 22. Footnote 629: Praktisches Handbuch für Physiker, iii. 298. Footnote 630: Zeitschrift für die Staatsarzneikunde, ii. 307. Footnote 631: Aufsätze und Beobachtungen, v. 106. Footnote 632: Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, 1843, lix. 350. Footnote 633: Elements of Juridical Medicine, 68. Footnote 634: Historia Cicutæ, p. 282. Footnote 635: Essay on Mineral Poisons, 1795, p. 30. Footnote 636: These facts are important, because they will enable the medical jurist in some circumstances to decide a question which may be started as to the possibility of arsenic having been the cause of death when it is very rapid. I have dwelt on them more particularly than may appear necessary, because some loose statements on the subject were made in a controversy on the occasion of a trial of some note, that of Hannah Russell and Daniel Leny, at Lewes Summer Assizes 1826, for the murder of the husband of the former. Arsenic was decidedly detected in the stomach, and it was proved that the deceased did not live above three hours after the only meal at which the prisoners could have administered the poison. Now during the controversy which arose after the execution of one of the prisoners, it was alleged by one of the parties, among other reasons for believing arsenic not to have been the cause of death, that this poison never proves fatal so soon as in three hours,—that Sir Astley Cooper and Mr. Stanley of London had never known a case prove fatal in less than seven hours—and that Dr. Male’s case mentioned above is the shortest on record. The instances quoted above overthrow this whole line of statement. It was mentioned by Mr. Evans, the chief crown witness, but I know not on what authority, that, on the trial of Samuel Smith for poisoning, held at Warwick Summer Assizes 1826, the deceased was proved to have expired in two hours after taking a quarter of an ounce of arsenic. I have examined with some care the documents in the Lewes case, which were obligingly communicated to me by Mr. Evans; and I have been quite unable to discover any reason for questioning the reality of poisoning, or for the ferment which it seems the subsequent controversy excited. The case seems to have been satisfactorily made out by Mr. Evans in the first instance; and no sound medical jurist would for a moment suffer a shadow of doubt to be thrown over his mind by the criticisms of Mr. Evans’s antagonist. Footnote 637: Die Wirkung der Arzneimittel und Gifte, i. 271. Footnote 638: London Medical Repository, ii. 270. Footnote 639: Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, xxxii. 305. Footnote 640: Ibidem, v. 389. Footnote 641: Philos. Transactions, 1812, p. 212. Footnote 642: Henke’s Zeitschrift für die Staatsarzneikunde, v. 410. Footnote 643: Magazin für die gesammte Heilkunde, xxii. 483. Footnote 644: This statement might be excellently illustrated by the particulars of an English trial in 1842, where the prisoner escaped, though arsenic was found in the stomach of the deceased, because the judge, resting on the medical evidence, urged that arsenic caused so much pain in the stomach as generally to make the person shriek with agony, while in this case there was no uneasiness except pain in the head. As the case, however, was by no means creditable to the parties concerned in it, I shall rest satisfied with the present allusion. Footnote 645: Vol. iii. quoted in Kopp’s Jahrbuch, vii. 401. Footnote 646: Materialien für die Staatsarzneikunde, ii. 95. Footnote 647: Edin. Med. Chir. Transactions, ii. 298. Footnote 648: Lond. Med. Phys. Journal, xxxiv. Footnote 649: Revue Médicale, 1822, vii. 105. Footnote 650: Archives Gén. de Médecine, vii. 14. Footnote 651: London Medical Gazette, xv. 828. Footnote 652: Orfila, Toxicologie Gén. i. 397. Footnote 653: Lancet, xvi. 612. Footnote 654: Epist. Anat. lix. 3. Footnote 655: Journal de Médecine, lxx. 89. Footnote 656: Annali Universali di Medicina, 1836, ii. 43. Footnote 657: Zeitschrift für die Staatsarzneikunde, xlii. 402. Footnote 658: Journal Hebdomadaire, 1832, viii. 476. Footnote 659: London Med. Chir. Transactions, ii. 134. Footnote 660: See also a full abstract in Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xiii. 507. Footnote 661: Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xv. 553. Footnote 662: Traitement des Asphyxiés, 135. Footnote 663: Ratio Medendi, iii. 113. Footnote 664: Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xviii. 167. Footnote 665: Annales d’Hygiène Publique, xvii. 336. Footnote 666: Beiträge zur gerichtlichen Arzneikunde, iv. 221. Footnote 667: Mem. of London Medical Society, ii. 224. Footnote 668: Nova Acta Naturæ Curiosorum, iii. 532. Footnote 669: Hahnemann über die Arsenic-Vergiftung, 59. Footnote 670: Curationes Medicinales. Cent. ii. Obs. 33. Footnote 671: Cicutæ Aquaticæ Historia et Noxæ, 280. Footnote 672: Ueber die Arsenic-Vergiftung, 61. Footnote 673: Die Wirkung der Arzneimittel und Gifte, i. 266. Footnote 674: Diet. des Sciences Méd. ii. 307. Footnote 675: Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xv. 415. Footnote 676: Cadet de Gassicourt. Article Arsenic in Dict. des Sc. Méd. Footnote 677: London Medical Gazette, 1839–40, p. 266. Footnote 678: Hoffman, Medicina Rationalis Systematica, i. 198. Footnote 679: Magazin für die gerichtlichen Arzneikunde, ii. 473. Footnote 680: Ueber die Arsenic-Vergiftung, 63. Footnote 681: Gmelin’s Geschichte der Mineralischen Gifte. Gmelin attempts to show from symptoms, that the Popes Pius Third and Clement Fourteenth died of arsenic secretly and gradually given, p. 107. Footnote 682: Curat. Medic. C. ii. Obs. 33. Footnote 683: De Cicuta, p. 289. Footnote 684: Quoted by Hahnemann, über die Arsenic-Vergiftung, p. 41. Footnote 685: Cours de Médecine Légale, p. 121. Footnote 686: London Medical Gazette, 1842–43, i. 351; from Gazette Médicale, 1842, Nov. 5. Footnote 687: Elémens de Médecine Opératoire. Footnote 688: Annales d’Hyg. Publ. et de Méd. Lég. xi. 461. Footnote 689: Journ. de Chimie Médicale, 1836, 482. Footnote 690: On Phagedæna Gangrænosa, or Med. Phys. Journal, xl. 238. Footnote 691: De Arsenici usu in Medicina, p. 158. Footnote 692: Aufsätze und Beobachtungen, i. 43. Footnote 693: Paris and Fonblanque, ii. 222. Footnote 694: Médecine, Légale, iv. 226. Footnote 695: Ansiaulx, Clinique Chirurgicale, and Henke’s Zeitschrift für die Staatsarzneikunde, ii. 188. Footnote 696: Acta Hafniensia, iii. 178. Footnote 697: Hippocrates Chymicus, c. 24. p. 213. Footnote 698: Casus Medicinales, lib. vii. cas. 11. Footnote 699: Die Wirkung der Arzneimittel und Gifte, i. 299. Footnote 700: Journal der Praktischen Heilkunde, lxxii. v. 134. Footnote 701: London Medical Gazette, 1837–38, i. 585. Footnote 702: Buchner’s Repertorium für die Pharmacie, lxix. 271. Footnote 703: Dublin Journal of the Medical Sciences, xx. 422. Footnote 704: Eph. Curios. Naturæ, Dec. iii. An. 9 and 10, Obs. 220. Footnote 705: Sur les Contrepoisons de l’Arsénic, p. 112. Footnote 706: Mem. of London Medical Society, ii. 397. Footnote 707: Recueil Périod. de la Soc. de Med. vi. 22. Footnote 708: Acta Germanica, ii. 33. Footnote 709: Knape und Hecker’s Kritische Annalen der Staatsarzneikunde, i. 143–159. Footnote 710: Die Wirkung der Arzneimittel und Gifte, i. 241. Footnote 711: Einige auserlesene Medizinisch-gerichtliche abhandlungen von Schmitt, Bachmann, &c. p. 40. Footnote 712: State Trials, xviii. Footnote 713: Ephem. Academ. Cæsareo-Leopoldinæ, 1715. Obs. cxxvi. Footnote 714: Horn’s Archiv für Medizinische Erfahrung, 1834, 755. Footnote 715: Guy’s Hospital Reports, 1841, vi. 278. Footnote 716: Aufsätze und Beobachtungen, i. 53, and v. 107. Footnote 717: Diss. Inaug. Tubingæ, 1808, de Effectibus Arsenici in varios organismos, p. 39. Footnote 718: Diss. Inaug. Edin. 1813, de Venen. Mineralibus, pp. 5, 6, 12. Footnote 719: Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xviii. 171. Footnote 720: London Medical Gazette, xiv. 62. Footnote 721: Praktisches Handbuch, iii. 232 and 304. Footnote 722: Dissert. Exp. 36. Footnote 723: Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxvii. 453. Footnote 724: Nordisches Archiv, i. 334. Footnote 725: Jaeger, p. 40. Footnote 726: Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxvii. 453. Footnote 727: Schlegel, Collect. Opusc. &c. 423. Footnote 728: Aufsätze und Beobachtungen, i. 58. Footnote 729: Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal, xxxiii. 66. Footnote 730: Metzger’s System der gerichtlichen Arzneikunde, von Remer, 1820, p. 257. Footnote 731: Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxix. 25. Footnote 732: Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxvii. 453. Footnote 733: Guy’s Hospital Reports, 1837, ii. 29, and 1841, vi. 266. Footnote 734: Gmelin’s Geschichte der Mineralischen Gifte, 124, Foderé, Médecine-Légale, iv. 127. Sallin, Journal Gén. de Médecine, iv. Footnote 735: Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxix. 25. Footnote 736: Journal Complémentaire, i. 106. Footnote 737: Trial of Medad Mackay at Allegany, 1821. The prisoner was found not guilty. But the presence of arsenic in the stomach was proved by several tests. Footnote 738: Philosophical Transactions, cii. 216. Footnote 739: Archives Gén. de Médecine, 1. 107. Footnote 740: Harles de Arsenico, 153, and Renault sur les Contrepoisons de l’Arsénic. Footnote 741: Morbid Anatomy, p. 128. Footnote 742: Metzger in Schlegel’s Opuscula, iv. 23. Pyl’s Aufs. und Beob. i. 60. Platner, Quæstiones Medicinæ Forenses, 206. Footnote 743: Medicina Forensis, Cent. v. Cas. 45, quoted by Wibmer. Footnote 744: Beiträge zur gerichtlichen Arzneikunde, iv. 221. Footnote 745: Bernt, Beiträge zur gerichtlichen Arzneikunde, iv. 221. Footnote 746: Metzger’s Materialien für die Staatsarzneikunde, ii. 95. Footnote 747: ii. 284. Footnote 748: Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxvii. 457. Footnote 749: Ibid, xxxiii. 66. Footnote 750: Sproegel’s Dissert. Exp. xxxi. Footnote 751: Pfaff and Scheele’s Nordisches Archiv. i. 345. Footnote 752: Archives Gén. de Med. vii. 1. Footnote 753: Ibidem, vii. 285. Footnote 754: Repertorium für die Pharmacie, xxiv. 144. Footnote 755: Archives Gén. de Méd. ii. 58. Footnote 756: Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xviii. 171. Footnote 757: Elements of Juridical Medicine, 76. Footnote 758: Morbid Anatomy, p. 128. Footnote 759: Case of Mr. Blandy, State Trials, xviii. Footnote 760: Bachmann’s Essay (see p. 259). Footnote 761: Houlton in London Med. Gazette, xiv. 712. Footnote 762: Diss. Inaug. Edin. 1813, pp. 11 and 12. Footnote 763: Diss. in Haller’s Disp. de Morbis, vi. Exp. xxxvi. Footnote 764: London Med. Gazette, x. 115. Footnote 765: Gazette Médicale de Paris, 1839, No. 20. Footnote 766: Neues Magazin, I. iii. 508. Footnote 767: Zeitschrift für die Staatsarzneikunde, i. 32. Footnote 768: Annales d’Hyg. Publique, xi. 461. Footnote 769: London Med. Gazette, xiv. 62. Footnote 770: Archives Gén. i. 147. Footnote 771: Nouvelle Bibliothèque Médicale, 1829, i. 395. Footnote 772: Jaeger, de Effectibus Arsenici, p. 40. Footnote 773: Bachmann’s Essay, p. 41, or above, p. 259. Footnote 774: Aufsätze und Beobachtungen, i. 50. Footnote 775: Wibmer. Die Wirkung der Arzneimittel und Gifte, i. 281, 283. Footnote 776: Phil. Trans. cii. 214. Footnote 777: De Arsenici usu in Medicina, 1811, p. 154. Footnote 778: Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1839, p. 127. Footnote 779: Practisches Handbuch, iii. 229. Footnote 780: De Venenis Mineralibus. Diss. Inaug. Edinburgi, 1813. Footnote 781: Historia Circutæ, 288. Footnote 782: Augustin’s Repertorium. Neue Entdeckungen betreffend die Kennzeichen der Arsenic-vergiftung, I. i. 30. Footnote 783: Geschichte der Mineralischen Gifte. Footnote 784: Essay on Mineral Poisons, 36. Footnote 785: Quæst. Medicinæ Forenses, 206. Footnote 786: Jaeger, de Effectibus Arsenici, p. 47. Footnote 787: Magazin für die gesammte Heilkunde, xx. 485. Footnote 788: Bulletins de l’Acad. Roy. de Méd. v. 137. Footnote 789: Geiger’s Magazin für Pharmacie, xxxii. 301, from Seeman’s Dissert. Inaug. Berolini, 1824. Footnote 790: For an excellent analysis of the case of Ursinus and the experiments of Klanck, see Augustin—Neue Entdeckungen betreffend die Kennzeichen der Arsenic-vergiftung und Berichtigung älterer Angaben über diesen Gegenstand,—in Augustin’s Repertorium, I. i. 36. Footnote 791: Bachmann, Einige auserlesene gerichtlich-medizinische abhandlungen, von Schmidt, Bachmann, und Küttlinger. Nürnberg, 1813. Footnote 792: Hufeland’s Journal, xix. iv. 11, and xxii. i. 166. Footnote 793: Archives Gén. de Med. xxi. 615, or Revue Médicale, 1830, i. 165. Footnote 794: Annales d’Hygiène Publique, 1837, xviii. 466; and Journal de Pharmacie, 1837, 386. Footnote 795: Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxvii. 457. Footnote 796: De veneficio caute dijudicando, in Schlegel’s Opuscula, iv. 23. Footnote 797: Edin. Med. Chir. Trans. ii. 284. Footnote 798: Dr. Symonds’s Account of the Examination, &c., Trans. of Provincial Med. and Surg. Association, iii. 432. Footnote 799: Lancet, 1843–44, ii. 801. Footnote 800: Dissertatio de vera Chemiæ Organicæ notione, additis experimentis de vi Arsenici in corpore organico mortuo. 1822. Quoted fully by Wibmer, die Wirkung der Arzneimittel und Gifte, i. 312. Footnote 801: Elémens de Chymie, ii. 343. Footnote 802: See this work, First Ed. 1829, p. 258. Footnote 803: Kopp’s Jahrbuch, ii. 226. Footnote 804: Bernt’s Beiträge zur gerichtlichen Arzneikunde, iv. 219. Footnote 805: Ueber eine Vergiftung durch weissen Arsenic—Rust’s Magazin für die gesammte Heilkunde, v. 61. Footnote 806: Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xviii. 172. Footnote 807: De usu Arsenici, 164. Footnote 808: Journal de Pharmacie, 1837, p. 386. Footnote 809: Revue Médicale, 1828, ii. 470. Footnote 810: Knape und Hecker’s Kritische Jahrbücher, ii. 76. Footnote 811: Henke’s Zeitschrift für die Staatsarzneikunde, xxxix. 176. Footnote 812: Toxicologie Générale, ii. Footnote 813: Sur les Contrepoisons de l’Arsenic, pp. 33, 35. Footnote 814: London Med. and Phys. Journal, xlvi. 466, 545. Mr. Edwards, Ibidem, xlix. 117. Mr. Buchanan, London Med. Repository, xix. 288. Footnote 815: Journal Gén. de Médecine, 1813 and 1815, p. 363. Footnote 816: Toxicologie Gén. i. 429. Footnote 817: Das Eisenoxydhydrat, ein Gegengift der Arsenigen saüre, Göttingen, 1834. Footnote 818: Annales d’Hygiène Publique, xiv. 134. Footnote 819: Probationary Essay, Edin. Roy. Coll. of Surgeons, 1839. Footnote 820: London Medical Gazette, xv. 220. Footnote 821: Lancet, 1834–35 p. 232. Footnote 822: Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal, liv. 106. Footnote 823: Buchner’s Repertorium für die Pharmacie, lxvi. 126. Footnote 824: Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1841, p. 240. Footnote 825: Mr. Kerr in Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, xxxvi. 97. Footnote 826: London Med. Repository, ix. 456. Footnote 827: Med. and Phys. Journal, xxix. Footnote 828: Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1839, p. 189. Footnote 829: Bulletins de l’Acad. Roy. de Méd. iii. 1124. Footnote 830: Ibidem, 1840, vi. 135. Footnote 831: Bulletins de l’Académie Roy. de Médecine, 1840, vi. 136. Footnote 832: Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1840, p. 711. Footnote 833: Ibidem, 1843, p. 265. Footnote 834: Ibidem, 1841, p. 258. Footnote 835: Kopp’s Jahrbuch der Staatsarzneikunde, iv. 354. Footnote 836: Devergie. Annales d’Hyg. Publ. xi. 418. Footnote 837: Toxicologie Gén. i. 241. Footnote 838: Medical Jurisprudence, ii. 208. Footnote 839: Annales d’Hyg. Publ. et de Méd. Lég. xi. 411. Footnote 840: Philosophical Transaction, 1831, cxxi. 155, 160. Footnote 841: Annales de Chimie, xliv. 176, and Orfila, Toxicol. Gén. i. 243. Footnote 842: Taddei, Recherches sur un nouvel Antidote contre le sublimé corrosif. Footnote 843: Berthollet, sur la Causticité des sels Métalliques. Mém. de l’Acad. 1780. Footnote 844: Toxic. Gén. i. 245. Footnote 845: Recherches, &c. p. 60. Footnote 846: Journal de Chimie Médicale, 1837, p. 161. Footnote 847: Poggendorff’s Annalen der Physik und Chemie, xxviii, 135. Footnote 848: Annalen der Pharmacie, xxiv. 36. Footnote 849: Annales de Chimie, xliv. 176. Footnote 850: Toxicologie Générale, i. 301. Footnote 851: Annales d’Hygiène Publique, xxviii. 424. Footnote 852: Dr. Bigsby in London Medical Gazette, vii. 329. Footnote 853: Philosophical Transactions, cii. 222. Footnote 854: Tentamen Inaugurale de Venenis Mineralibus, Edinb. 1813, p. 36. Footnote 855: Orfila, Toxicologie Gén. i. 257. Footnote 856: Journal de Physiologie, i. 165 and 242. Footnote 857: Toxicologie, i. 261. Footnote 858: Journal de Physiologie, i. 165. Footnote 859: Autenrieth und Zeller über das Daseyn von Quecksilber in der Blutmasse der Thiere. Reil’s Archiv für die Physiologie, viii. 216. Footnote 860: Horn’s Archiv für Medizinische Erfahrung, 1823, ii. 417. Footnote 861: Diss. Inaug. Tubingæ, 1808, sistens experimenta quædam circa effectus hydrargyr in animalia viva, pp. 25, 31, also Reil’s Archiv, _ut supra_. Footnote 862: Tract. de Morb. Gall. in Opera Omnia, pp. 728, 729. Footnote 863: Archiv für Medizinische Erfahrung, 1810, ii. 252. Footnote 864: Corvisart’s Journ. de Méd. xxvii. 244. Footnote 865: Dec. I. Ann. i. Obs. 8. Footnote 866: Journ. der Prakt. Heilkunde, li. 5, p. 117. Footnote 867: Mem. of Lond. Med. Soc. v. 112. Footnote 868: Seltene Beobachtungen zur Anat. Physiol. und Pathol. Berlin, 1824, ii.