7. In the following cases, the active poisons to which the individuals

were exposed were so numerous, that it is impossible to say which or how many of them occasioned the symptoms. A colour-maker was superintending a process in which cobalt, arsenic, mercury, sal-ammoniac, and nitric acid were subjected to heat in a mattrass, when the mattrass suddenly gave way, and a dense vapour was instantly discharged. The manufacturer, before he could escape, fell down insensible; and though speedily removed, he died in no long time, affected with enormous swelling of the abdomen. A workman who was also present, escaped by a window; but was nevertheless immediately attacked with swelling of the belly, which speedily became very great, and was attended with pain in the jaws, and dimness of sight. These symptoms were very slowly dissipated under the use of cold bathing and purgatives, which brought away an enormous quantity of fetid gas.[2561] These are not the only examples of compound poisoning which have come under my attention. But others I have noticed are not detailed with sufficient exactness to make it worth while to quote them. The instances given, however, are sufficient to show that poisons of opposite qualities given about the same time in large doses will disguise one another’s effects, or impede, or perhaps even prevent them, in a manner which renders such a combination of circumstances an important subject of inquiry for the medico-legal toxicologist. It is probable that the modifying influence is established in one of two ways,—either by one poison producing a state of venous plethora or distension, which impedes, or for a time prevents, the absorption of the other,—or by one poison producing an insensibility of the membrane with which the other is in contact; so that not only the local injury actually done has not the usual remote effect on the constitution, or on distant organs, but likewise is at times substantially less extensive than in ordinary circumstances. These reflexions arise naturally from a review of the preceding cases; but of course further facts are necessary to give them weight. INDEX. Absorption, its extreme rapidity, 15 — action of poisons through, 17 — effect of in removing poisons beyond the reach of analysis, 57 Acetatæ of lead, tests of, in its pure state, 398 — — — process for detecting it in organic mixtures, 423 — — — effects on the animal body. See _Lead_. Acetates of copper, their tests, 350 — — morphia, its tests, 533 Acid, acetic, its tests in the pure and mixed state, 164 — — effects on man and animals, 165 Acid, arsenious, its chemical properties, 200 — — its taste, 200 — — its solubility in various menstrua, 201 — — its tests when in the solid state, 203 — — its tests when in solution, 206 — — its liquid tests give complete evidence conjunctly, not separately, 209 — — its tests when mixed with organic substances, 215 — — Marsh’s process for, 211, 217 — — Reinsch’s process for, 214, 216 — — process for by hydrosulphuric acid, 217 — — process for by Fresenius and Von Bab, 218 — — fallacies in the process for detecting, 219 — — its effects on the body. See _Arsenic_. Acid, carbonic. See _Gas_. — carbazotic, a poison, 610 — citric, not poisonous, 180 Acid, hydrochloric, tests for, in its pure and mixed state, 146 Acid, hydrocyanic, its action on the body, 582 — — rapidity of its action, 582, 590 — — acts in all its chemical combinations, 585 — — acts through every animal tissue, 584, 592 — — enters the blood and communicates its odour, 594 Acid, hydrocyanic, why its odour is not always perceptible in the blood, 594 — — contained in many plants, renders them poisonous, 600 — — its tests when pure, 578 — — process for detecting it in organic mixtures, 580 — — symptoms it induces in man, 587 — — may cause instant death, 582, 590 — — morbid appearances caused by it, 593 — — treatment of poisoning with, 596 Acid, meconic, its tests, 532 Acid, nitric, its tests in the pure and mixed state, 142, 143 — — process for stains produced by, 143 Acid, oxalic, its action on the animal body, 173 — — its morbid appearances, 177 — — symptoms caused by it in man, 173 — — its symptoms are occasionally of themselves complete proof of poisoning, 179 — — its tests when pure, 168 — — process for, in organic mixtures, 170 — — treatment of poisoning with, 178 Acid, phosphorous, a feeble poison, 152 — — sulpho-cyanic, not a poison, 587 Acid, sulphuric, its tests in the pure state, 123 — — process for it in the mixed state, 126 — — process for stains occasioned by, 125 — — action on animals, 128 — — morbid appearances, 135 — — the morbid appearances are at times of themselves complete proof of poisoning, 139 Acid, sulphuric, symptoms in man classified, 129 — — the symptoms are at times alone complete proof of poisoning, 135 — — throwing of, to disfigure or disable, is a capital crime, 122 — — treatment of poisoning with, 140 Acid, sulphuric, effects of on the intestines after death, 139 Aconitina, the alkaloid of monkshood, 662 _Aconitum_, poisoning with, 662 Acrid poisons of the vegetable and animal kingdoms, 451 Action of poisons, 9 — — — by absorption, 17 — — — causes which modify the, 27 — — — local, 9 — — — remote, 11 — — — organs acted on by the remote, 22 — — — rapidity of the, 14, 582 — — — through sympathy, 12 — — — applied to the discovery of antidotes, 37 Administration of poison by prisoner, necessity of the proof of, on trials, 72 — — — by prisoner, may be proved by pure medical evidence, 73 _Æthusa_, poisoning with, 662 Aggregation, state of, its effects on the action of poisons, 28 Alcohol, poisoning with, 725 — morbid appearances induced by, 731 — poisoning of with other poisons, 734 — symptoms of poisoning with, in its several degrees, 725 — treatment of poisoning with, 735 Alkalies and Alkaline salts, fixed, 180 — — — — their mode of action, 183 — — — — morbid appearances caused by them, 186 — — — — symptoms caused in man, several varieties of, 183 — — — — tests for, 181 — — — — treatment of poisoning with, 187 Alkaline sulphurets. See _Sulphurets_. Almond. See _Bitter-Almond_. Alum, effects of on man and animals, 509 Ammonia and its salts, tests of, 193 — — — — their effects on man and animals, 193 Ammoniacal gas, effects of, on man, 194 Amygdalus. See _Bitter Almond_. Anemone, its effects as a poison, 463 Angustura bark, false, its effects on man and animals, 692 Animal acrids, general observations on their effects, 470 Animal matter poisoned by disease, 487 — — poisonous from ordinary putrefaction, 490 — — poisonous from modified putrefaction, 492 Animals, evidence of poisoning from experiments on, 62 Animals, effects of suspected articles of food on, 63 — effects of suspected matters of vomiting or contents of stomach on, 67 — experiments on, may illustrate physiological points disputed on trials, 71 — various effects of poisons on different, 63 Antidotes, by what principles the search for them must be regulated, 37 Antimony, tests for its compounds, 367 — tartrate of. See _Tartar-emetic_. Apoplexy, distinction between it and narcotic poisoning, drawn from symptoms, 511 — distinction between it and narcotic poisoning, drawn from morbid appearances, 514 — congestive appearances of, 517 — from extravasation, 517 — serous, 517 — simple, 515 Arseniate of potass, its tests, 224 Arsenic, tests for its compounds, 198 — action of, illustrated by experiments on animals, 227 — acts through all the animal tissues, 229 — acts in all its chemical forms, except in the metallic state, 230 — action of, is a little impaired by the effects of mixture—not by habit, 233 — acts when applied to ulcers and eruptions, 251 — acts when applied to the sound skin, 257 — acts when introduced into the rectum, 253 — acts when thrust into the vagina, 254 — acts powerfully when inhaled, 254 — does it exist in the blood of those poisoned with it?, 228 Arsenic, dose required to cause death, 232 — morbid appearances caused by it, 262 — morbid appearances sometimes not caused by it at all, 262 — morbid appearances caused by it after death, 282 — does it prevent the bodies of those poisoned with it from putrefying?, 273 273 — symptoms it causes in man classified according to three varieties, 234 — symptoms of, at times supply alone complete evidence of poisoning, 259 Arsenic, symptoms of, occasionally very trifling, even where fatal, 286 — symptoms of, how soon may they begin, and how long may they be delayed?, 234 — symptoms of, how soon may they kill?, 239 — symptoms of, how long may they last?, 248 — treatment of poisoning with, 283 — treatment of, no antidotes known, 285 — changes it undergoes in the stomach after death, 268 — metallic, not a poison, 230 — oxide of. See _Acid, arsenious_. — sulphurets of. See _Sulphurets_. Arsenite of copper, its tests, 223 — — — seldom contained in mineral green, 223, 346 — of potass, its tests, 223 Arseniuretted-hydrogen, 227 — — its effects, 256 _Arum maculatum_, poisoning with, 465 _Asagræa officinalis_, 672 _Atropa_, poisoning with, 639 — symptoms induced by it in man, 640 — morbid appearances caused by it, 643 Atropia, alkaloid of belladonna, 639 Bacon, poisonous at times, 497 Baryta, poisoning with its compounds, 446 — muriate of, tests for, 446 — — — and carbonate, their effects on man and animals, 448 — morbid appearances caused by, 450 — treatment of poisoning with, 450 Bee, its poisonous sting, 487 Belladonna. See _Atropa_. Bichloride of mercury. See _Corrosive Sublimate_. Bicyanide of mercury, 303 Biliary ducts, rupture of, imitates irritant poisoning, 97 Bilious vomiting, imitates irritant poisoning, 100 Bismuth, poisoning with its compounds, 383 Bitartrate of potash, a poison in large doses, 507 Bitter-almond, its poisonous effects, 602 — may cause death, 603 — essential oil of, its effects as a poison, 604 — essential oil of, its composition, 601 — essential oil of, its formation, 602 Bitter-apple, poisoning with, 460 Bitter cassava, poisoning with, 457 Bitter-sweet, a feeble poison, 576 Blood, discovery of poisons in the, 21 Boiling water, effects of, when swallowed, 505 — — causes cynanche laryngea, 506 _Bombyx processionaria_, its poisonous effects, 477 Brain, inflammation of its membranes, distinguished from narcotic poisoning, 523 — inflammation of its substance, distinguished from narcotic poisoning, 524 — hypertrophy of, distinguished from narcotic poisoning, 526 Bread, adulteration of, with the sulphate of copper, 354 — effects of spoiled, 720 Bromine, tests for, 161 — its effects on animals, 162 _Brucea antidysenterica_, not the False Angustura tree, 692 Brucia, alkaloid of false angustura bark, 692 Bryony-root, effects of, on man and animals, 459 Calomel, its tests, 292 — can it be considered an irritant poison?, 332 _Calthapalustris_, its effects as a poison, 463 Camphor, its effects on animals, 694 — morbid appearances caused by, 696 — symptoms excited by, in man, 694 Cantharides, physical characters of, 471 — action of, on animals, 471 — morbid appearances caused by, 476 — symptoms it excites in man, 472 — treatment of poisoning with, 476 Carbonate of ammonia, 193 — of baryta, tests of, 446 — of lead, tests of, 398 — of lead is formed on lead by the action of air and water,—and see _Lead_, 399 Carbonates of potass and soda, tests of, 181 Carbonic acid. See _Gas_. Carbonic oxide gas, effects of, on man, 624 Carburetted-hydrogen gas, its effects on man, 622 Cassada, bitter, its effects, 457 Castor-oil-seeds, effects of, on man and animals, 456 Cerasus Lauro-cerasus. See _Cherry-laurel_. Cevadilla, a poison, 672 Cheese, occasionally poisonous without intentional adulteration, 494 Chemical analysis, evidence of general poisoning from, 54 — — may be rendered unavailing by vomiting and purging, 55 — — may be rendered useless by absorption, 57 — — may be fruitless, because the poison has been decomposed, 58 — — is often successful after long interment, 58 Chemical combination, its influence in modifying the operation of poisons, 28 Chemical decomposition, its effects in removing poisons beyond the reach of analysis, 58 Chemical evidence not always indispensable to the proof of poisoning, 59 Cherry-laurel water, a deadly poison, 605 — essential oil of, is the same as the oil of bitter-almond, 605 — effects of the distilled water and oil on animals and man, 605, 606 Chlorine, its effects on man and animals, 152, 616 Chloride of barium, 446 — of iron, poisoning with, 392 Chlorides of soda, potassa and lime, their action as poisons, 191 Cholera imitates irritant poisons, and how to be distinguished, 100 — its shortest duration, 101 — supposed to have been caused by emanations from a cess-pool, 621 — impairs the activity of some poisons, 35 — malignant, how distinguished from irritant poisoning, 102 Chrome, poisoning with the compounds of, 385 _Cicuta_, its effects on man and animals, 662 Cinnabar, its tests, 290 Citric acid, not a poison, 180 Classification of poisons, 90 Cluster-cherry, its distilled water and essential oil are active poisons, 608 Cocculus indicus, its effects on man and animals, 696 _Colchicum autumnale_, effects of, on man, 674 Colchina, alkaloid of colchicum, 674 Cold water, death from drinking it, imitating irritant poisoning, 98 Colic, how it is distinguished from irritant poisoning, 109 Colica pictonum, causes of, 426, 431, 437 — — trades which are subject to suffer, 436 Colica pictonum, precautions for preventing it in workmen, 443 Colocynth, effects of, on man and animals, 460 Common salt, a poison in very large doses, 508 Compound poisoning, 740 Conduct of prisoner, illustrated by medical evidence, may prove his guilt, 73 Conia, alkaloid of hemlock, 653 _Conium_, effects of, on man and animals, 654 Copper, poisoning with, 345 — action of its compounds, 358 — adulteration of bread with, 354 — corrosion of, by articles of food and drink, 350, 353 — corroded by saline solutions, 350 — corroded by wine and vegetable acids, 352 — corroded by fatty matters, 352 — metallic, not poisonous, 360 — morbid appearances caused by, 364 — process for detecting its salts when pure, 346 — process for detecting it in organic mixtures, 355 — sulphuret not poisonous, unless long exposed to the air, 361 — symptoms of poisoning with in man, 361 — treatment of poisoning with, 365 — contained in most vegetable substances, 355 — is it contained in the blood of animals poisoned with it?, 360 _Coriaria myrtifolia_, poisoning with, 698 Corrosion caused by poisons, examples of, 9 Corrosive sublimate, action on animals. See _Mercury_. — — action on dead intestine, 341 — — chemical properties of, 291 — — is decomposed by organic principles, 297 — — process for, in the solid state, 292 — — process by reduction when it is dissolved, 292 — — process by liquid tests when it is dissolved, 293 — — process for it in organic mixtures, 296 — — additional tests for it in the pure state, 294 — — symptoms caused by it in man. See _Mercury_. Cream of tartar, a poison in large doses, 507 Creasote, a poison, 739 Croton-oil and seed, effects of, 459 Cuckow-pint, poisoning with, 465 Cupping-glasses, in the treatment of external poisoning, 38 Cyanide of mercury, tests for, 303 — its effects on man, 332 Cyanogen gas, its effects on animals, 636 Cyanous acid, a feeble poison, 587 _Cytisus Laburnum_, its poisonous effects, 723 Daffodil, its effects as a poison, 467 _Daphne_, effects of its different species on man and animals, 465 Darnel-grass, its effects on man, 721 _Datura_, poisoning with, 644 Daturia, alkaloid of thorn-apple, 645 Dead-tongue, poisoning with, 658 Death-bed, evidence in cases of poisoning, its importance, and hints for collecting it, 84 Delirium tremens, impair the activity of some poisons, 35 — — the effect of alcohol, 731 Delphinia, alkaloid of stavesacre, 464 _Delphinium_, poisoning with, 464 Digestion of poisons, tends to remove them beyond the reach of analysis, 58 _Digitalis_, poisoning with, 678 Dippel’s oil, a poison, 737 Diseases, their influence on the operation of poisons, 35 Distension of stomach, death from, how distinguished from irritant poisoning, 95 Dysentery impairs the activity of opium as a poison, 35 Eels sometimes poisonous, 484 Elaterium and elaterin, their poisonous properties, 461 Emeta, its poisonous properties, 682 Empyreumatic oils are active poisons, 737 Epilepsy, distinction between it and narcotic poisoning from the symptoms, 519 — distinction of, from narcotic poisoning by morbid appearances, 521 Epsom salt, a poison in large doses, 506 Ergot. See _Spurred rye_. _Ervum Ervilia_ is a poison, 722 Ether, effects of, on man and animals, 736 Euphorbium, its effects on man and animals, 454 Evidence of poisoning. See _Symptoms. Morbid Appearances. Chemical Evidence. Animals._ — of general poisoning from symptoms, 43 — — — — from morbid appearances, 51 — — — — from chemical analysis, 54 Evidence of general poisoning from experiments on animals, 62 — — — — from moral circumstances, 71 Evidence, medical, of the administration in charges of poisoning, 72 — — may prove the prisoner’s intent, 78 — — on death-bed, 83 Fainting, mortal, distinction between it and narcotic poisoning, 527 Feigned poisoning, 86 Ferro-cyanate of potass not poisonous, 586 Fever impairs the activity of some poisons, 35 Fish-poison, 477 Fly-powder, tests for, 199 Fool’s parsley, effects on man and animals, 661 Foxglove, its effects on man and animals, 678 Fowler’s solution, tests of, 223 Fungi, list of the wholesome, 700 — list of the deleterious, 701 — circumstances which modify their qualities, 702 — rules for knowing poisonous, 703 — active principles of, 704 — symptoms of poisoning with, 704 — morbid appearances caused by, 708 — treatment of poisoning with, 709 — poisoning of wholesome kinds with other poisons, 709 Gamboge, poisoning with, 466 Gas, carbonic acid, morbid appearances caused by, 632 — — — is poisonous positively, not negatively, 614, 624 — — — symptoms caused by, when pure, 625 — — — symptoms it causes when diluted with air, 625 — — — symptoms, when from burning charcoal, 626 — — — symptoms, when from burning coal, 631 — — — symptoms, when from burning tallow, 630 — — — symptoms when formed by respiration, 632 — — — treatment of poisoning with, 634 Gas, carbonic oxide, its effects on man, 634 — carbureted-hydrogen, effects on man, 622 — coal and oil, effects on man, 622 — chlorine, its effects on man, 616 — cyanogen, its effects on animals and plants, 636 — hydrosulphuric acid, effects when injected into the veins, 613 — — — effects when breathed by man, 618 — — — effects on vegetables, 618 Gas, hydrosulphuric acid, morbid appearances caused by, 619 — — — proves fatal though applied to the skin only, 614, 617 — muriatic acid, very poisonous to plants, 617 — nitric oxide and nitrous acid, effects when injected into the veins, 614 — nitrous acid, effects on man, 615 — nitrous oxide, its effects on man and plants, 635 — oxygen, a positive poison, 636 — sulphurous acid, extremely poisonous to plants, 631 Gases, poisonous, medico-legal importance of, 611 — which of them are negatively, and which positively poisonous, 612 Gastritis. See _Stomach_. General poisoning, evidence of, 39 and see _Evidence_. Glass-powder, is it a poison?, 503 Gold, poisoning with its compounds, 383 Goulard’s extract, tests for, 399 Grain, sometimes poisonous, 710 — unripe, its supposed effects on man, 719 Green vitriol. See _Sulphate of Iron_. Gullet, perforation of, how distinguished from irritant poisoning, 108, 119 Habit, its effect in modifying the action of poisons, 34 Hæmatemesis, how distinguished from irritant poisoning, 109 Heart, organic diseases of, may imitate narcotic poisoning, 528 Hellebore, effects of its different species on man and animals, 672 Hellebore, white. See _Veratrum_. Hemlock, its effects on man and animals, 653 — dropwort, its effects as a poison, 660 Henbane. See _Hyoscyamus_. _Hippomane Mancinella_, its poisonous effects, 458 Hot liquids cause symptoms of irritant poisoning, 505 Hydrochlorate of ammonia. See _Ammonia_. Also, 193 Hydrochlorates. See _Muriates_. Hydrochloric acid. See _Acids_. Hydrocyanic acid. See _Acid_. Hyoscyamus, its effects on man and animals, 573 Hydrophobia impairs the activity of some poisons, 35 Hypertrophy of brain. See _Brain_. Hysteria lessens the effect of opium, 35 Idiosyncrasy, its influence in modifying the action of poisons, 32 — sometimes renders wholesome articles deleterious to individuals, 33, 68 Iliac passion imitates irritant poisoning, 109 Imaginary poisoning, 85 Imputed poisoning, 88 Inflammation of brain. See _Brain_. — of intestine. See _Intestines_. — of stomach. See _Stomach_. Insects, poisonous, 486 Intent in the administration of poison may be sometimes proved by medical evidence, 78 Interment for years may not prevent the detection of poisons, 58 Intestines, inflammation of, how distinguished from irritant poisoning, 99 — obstruction of, may imitate irritant poisoning, 109 — perforation of, how distinguished from irritant poisoning, 108, 119 Iodide of potassium, effects, 157 — — — tests of, 158 Iodine, its effects on man and animals, 154 — its tests in the pure and mixed state, 152 Ipecacuan, poisoning with, 682 Ipomæa Purga, a poison, 467 Iron, poisoning with the salts of, 391 Irritant poisons, general observations on, 92 — — distribution of into orders, 121 — — morbid appearances of, contrasted with those of various natural diseases, 110 — — symptoms of, contrasted with those of various natural diseases, 93 Irritation, examples of, caused by poisons, 9 Jalap, its effects as a poison, 467 _Jatropha_, its effects on man and animals, 457 _Juniperus Sabina_, its poisonous effects, 468 King’s yellow, its tests and composition, 225 Laburnum seeds poisonous, 723 _Lacluca_, poisoning with, 575 _Lathyrus Cicera_ is a poison, 722 Lead, tests for its compounds, 396 — action of air and water on, 399 — adulteration of wines with, 420 — adulteration of spirits with, 422 — adulteration of a mechanical nature, 422 — corrosion of, by distilled water, 401 — corrosion of, by water prevented by salts in solution, 403 — corrosion of, prevented by excessively minute proportions of some salts, 403 — corrosion of, by natural waters, 406 — corrosion of, by rain and snow-water, 406 Lead, corrosion of, by spring waters, how prevented, 414 — corrosion of, not caused by some spring waters, 408 — dissolved by many acidulous fluids, 415 — dissolved by these fluids much more rapidly if it is oxidated, 419 — metallic, is not poisonous, 427 — mode of action on the animal body, 424 — does it exist in the blood or organs of animals poisoned with it?, 426 — morbid appearances caused by, 439 — process for detecting its compounds, 396 — process for detecting it in organic mixtures, 422 — sulphuret of, not poisonous, 427 — symptoms caused by, in man, classified according to two varieties, 429 — symptoms caused by, as an irritant, 429 — symptoms of, constituting the disease colica pictonum, 431 — tradesmen who are subject to suffer from poisoning with, 436 Lead, treatment of poisoning with, 441 Lead glazing is rapidly acted on by acidulous fluids in some circumstances, not in others, 419 Lettuce-opium, effect of, on animals, 575 Lime, poisoning with, 192 Liver of sulphur. See _Sulphurets_. Litharge, tests for, 396 Lividity is no evidence of poisoning, 51 Local action of poisons, 9 _Lolium temulentum_, its effects on man, 721 Maize, spurred, 718 Manchineel, its effects on man and animals, 458 Mania impairs the activity of some poisons, 35 Marsh marigold, its effects on man and animals, 464 Meadow-saffron, its effects on man, 674 Mechanical irritants produce the same effects as irritant poisons, 501 Meconic acid, its tests, 53 — — is not poisonous, 562 _Meloe proscarabæus_, its poisonous effects, 477 Melanosis of stomach imitates the effects of irritant poisons, 112 Melæna, how distinguished from irritant poisoning, 109 Meningitis, how distinguished from narcotic poisoning, 523 _Menispermum Cocculus_, poisoning with, 696 Mercurial salivation in cases of poisoning, when does it begin?, 314 Mercurial salivation, phenomena of, 316 — — can it be confounded with any other disorder?, 319 — — may it return after a long intermission?, 322 — — its duration, 322 — — in what modes it may prove fatal, 324 Mercurial tremor, 324 Mercury, action of its soluble compounds on the animal body, 303 — acts through all animal tissues, 327 — acts in all soluble chemical compounds, 329 — acts not, when in the metallic state, 330 — acts not, in the form of sulphuret, 331 — acts not, when its soluble compounds are decomposed by organic principles, 336 — existence in the blood of those who have taken it is extremely probable, 306 — morbid appearances caused by, 337 Mercury, processes for its compounds when pure, 289 — process for detecting it in organic mixtures, 299 — symptoms of poisoning with, classified according to three varieties, 310 — symptoms of corrosive poisoning with, their longest duration, 312 — symptoms of, their shortest duration in fatal cases, 313 — symptoms of, sometimes furnish of themselves decisive evidence of poisoning, 337 — treatment of poisoning with an antidote, 342 Metals, not poisonous unless oxidated, 230, 329, 360, 427 Mezereon, its effects on man and animals, 465 Milk at times poisonous without intentional adulteration, 496 Mineral-green, tests of, 347 — See _Arsenite of Copper_. Mixture, its effect in modifying the action of poisons, 29 _Momordica Elaterium_, its poisonous properties, 461 Monkshood, its effects on man and animals, 662 Moral evidence of poisoning, 71 Morbid appearances, evidence of general poisoning from, 51 — — sometimes supply alone full proof of poisoning, 139 Morphia, its tests, 532 — its effects on man and animals, 557 Mosses, poisonous, 710 Mountain-ash is poisonous, as containing hydrocyanic acid, 609 Muriate of baryta. See _Baryta_. Muriate of morphia, its tests, 533 Muriate of mercury. See _Calomel_—_Corrosive Sublimate_. Muriate of soda, a poison in large quantity, 508 Muriatic acid, 146 Muriatic acid gas, 617 Muscles are occasionally poisonous, 479 — causes why they become poisonous, 481 — copper cannot account for their effects, 481 — decay, does it render them poisonous?, 481 — disease, will this explain their effects?, 482 — idiosyncrasy sometimes makes them poisonous, 482 — insects of a poisonous nature entering their shell, will this explain their effects?, 483 Muscles, principle of a poisonous nature not yet discovered in them, 482 — symptoms and morbid appearances caused by the poisonous, 479 Mushrooms. See _Fungi_. _Narcissus Pseudo-narcissus_, a poison, 467 Narcotico-acrid poisons, general remarks on, 637 Narcotic poisoning, its symptoms and morbid appearances, contrasted with those of natural disease, 510 Narcotics, their active principles, 529 Narcotine, its tests, 534 — its effects on animals, 560 Nervous local impressions, examples of, caused by poisons, 10 _Nicotiana Tabacum._ See _Tobacco_. Nicotianin, poisonous principle of tobacco, 647 Nightshade. See _Solanum_—_Atropa_. Nitrates of mercury, their tests, 303 Nitre, its tests, 187 — its action and symptoms in man, 188 — morbid appearances caused by, 191 Nitric acid. See _Acids, Mineral_. Nitric oxide gas, its effects on animals, 614 Nitrous acid vapour, its effects on man, 615 Nitrous oxide gas, its effects on man, 635 Nux-vomica, action of, on animals, 688 — morbid appearances caused by, 689 — symptoms it excites in man, 686 Nux-vomica, symptoms of, sometimes alone are complete evidence of poisoning, 690 — its tests, 686 — treatment, 690 _Œnanthe_, poisoning with, 653 Oil of Dippel, 737 Oil of tar, 738 Oil of turpentine, 738 Oils, empyreumatic, are poisonous, 737 Opium, frequently used for the purpose of poisoning, 530 — action of, illustrated by experiments, 539 — acts as a poison through every animal tissue, even the skin, 556 — chemical history of, 530 — chemical analysis cannot detect it in the blood, 541 — morbid appearances caused by, 562 — process for detecting it in organic mixtures, 534 — may cause death and not be discoverable in the stomach why?, 537 Opium, symptoms of, in man, 539 — symptoms of, how soon may they begin, and how long may they be delayed?, 543 Opium, ordinary, shortest, and longest duration of fatal poisoning with, 547 — smallest fatal dose of, in adults, 549 — fatal dose in infants extremely small, 549 — principles contained in, 531 — tests for the principles of, when pure, 532 — treatment of poisoning with, 566 Opium-eaters, are they short lived?, 551 Orpiment, 224, 230 Osmium, 395 Oxygen, a poison, 636 Oysters, sometimes poisonous, 483 Peach flowers may cause fatal poisoning, 608 Pepper, a poison in very large doses, 506 Perforation. See _Stomach_—_Intestines_—_Gullet_. Peritonæum, inflammation of, how distinguished from irritant poisoning, 105 Phosphorus, its effects on man and animals, 149 Phosphorous acid, a feeble poison, 152 Picrotoxin, active principle of Cocculus Indicus, 696 Pretended poisoning, 85 Protochloride of Mercury, See _Calomel_. _Prunus Lauro-cerasus._ See _Cherry-Laurel_. _Prunus Padus._ See _Cluster-Cherry_. Prussiate. See _Ferro-cyanate_. Prussic acid. See _Hydrocyanic_. Putrefaction of the body, not a proof of poisoning when premature, 51 — does not always prevent the detection of poisons, 59 — does arsenic preserve the body from?, 273 Putrefied animal matter, its effects as a poison on man and animals, 492 Quantity or dose, its influence in modifying the action of poisons, 27 _Ramollissement._ See _Brain_. Ranunculaceæ, their effects on man and animals, 462, 662 Ranunculus, its poisonous effects, 462 Realgar, its tests, 224 Remote action of poisons, through what channel is it carried on?, 12 Red-lead, tests for, 397 Red precipitate, tests for, 290 Redness of Stomach. See _Stomach_. Ricinus. See _Castor oil_. Rue, poisoning with, 681 Rupture of stomach, death from, how distinguished from irritant poisoning, 97 Rupture of duodenum, death from, how distinguished from irritant poitant poisoning, 97 Rupture of biliary ducts, 97 — of uterus, 98 Rust of wheat is not poisonous, 719 Rye. See _Spurred rye_. Sal-ammoniac, its tests, 193 — its action on animals, 196 Salivation may be caused by various poisons, 319 — may be caused by ulcerated sore throat, 319 — sometimes an idiopathic disease, 319 — sometimes arises from the influence of the imagination, 321 Salivation, mercurial. See _Mercurial_. Salmon, pickled or kippered, sometimes injurious, 499 Salt, common, a poison in very large quantity, 508 Savin, its effects on man and animals, 468 Sausages, occasionally poisonous, 492 _Scilla maritima_, effects on man and animals, 671 _Secale cornutum._ See _Spur_. Secret poisoning, 39, 249 Serpents, venomous, 484 Silver, poisoning with its compounds, 380 Simultaneous illness of several persons, important proof of general poisoning, 80 Skin, poisons act slowly or not at all through the sound, 30 Skin, poisons act through it sometimes when long applied or rubbed in, or in the gaseous state, 257, 328, 435, 556, 614, 618, 625 Snakes, venomous, 484 _Solanum_, effects of its species on man and animals, 576 _Sorbus aucuparia._ See _Mountain-ash_. Spinal cord, diseases of, distinguished from narcotic poisoning, 527 Spirituous liquors. See _Alcohol_. Sprats smoked, sometimes poisonous, 499 Spur, what kinds of grain are attacked by, 711 Spurred maize, 718 Spurred rye, its causes, 711 — chemical analysis of, 713 — effects on man and animals, 714 — miscarriage supposed to be induced by, 717 Squill, poisoning with, 670 Stavesacre, its effects on man and animals, 464 St. Ignatius’ bean, effects of, on man and animals, 691 Stomach, distension of, death from, contrasted with irritant poisoning, 95 — fibrinous and mucous effusion in, imitates the effects of irritant poisoning, 113 — gelatinization of, a cause of perforation, 107 — inflammation of, how distinguished from irritant poisoning, 102 — inflammation of, is it in its acute state ever a natural disease?, 102 — partial laceration of, contrasted with irritant poisoning, 97 — redness of, from natural causes, imitates the effects of irritant poisons, 110 — rupture of, contrasted with the effects of irritant poisons, 96 — spontaneous perforation of, distinguished from irritant poisoning, 105 — spontaneous perforation of, its symptoms and varieties, 105 — spontaneous perforation of, its morbid appearances, nature and causes, 113 — ulceration of, how distinguished from the effects of irritant poisons, 113 Stomach-pump, discovery of, 567 Stramonium, its effects on man and animals, 645 Strontia, its salts not poisonous, 451 Strychnia, alkaloid of the _Strychni_, effects of, on animals, 683 _Strychnos_, which of its species are poisonous, 683 Sugar of Lead. See _Acetate_. Sulphate of copper, tests for, 348 — — — adulteration of bread with, 354 — — iron occasionally poisonous, 392 — — magnesia, poisonous in very large doses, 506 — — mercury, its tests, 290 — — potash, poisonous in large doses, 507 — — zinc, tests of when pure, 386 — — — effects on animals, 387 — — — effects on man, 388 — — — morbid appearances by, 391 — — — process for detecting it in organic mixtures, 386 Sulpho-cyanic acid a feeble poison, 586 Sulphur, its effects on man and animals, 152 Sulphurets of the alkalis, effects on man, morbid appearances, and treatment of poisoning with, 196 Sulphurets of antimony, tests of, 367 — — arsenic, tests of, 224 — — arsenic, its effects as a poison, 230 Sulphuret of copper, not poisonous unless long exposed to the air, 360 — — lead not poisonous, 428 — — mercury its tests, 290 — — mercury, not poisonous, 331 Sulphuretted hydrogen. See _Gas_. Sulphuric acid. See _Acids, Mineral_. Sympathetic effects of poisons, 12 Symptoms of poisoning, evidence from, 42 — — — general character of, contrasted with those of the symptoms of natural disease, 42, 46 — — — suddenness of the invasion of, 43, 46 — — — commence after a meal, 45, 47 — — — commence during health, 49 — — — regularity of their increase, 44, 47 — — — uniformity of their nature, 45, 47 — — — may sometimes of themselves be complete evidence of poisoning, 179, 259, 337, 691 Syncopal asphyxia, how distinguished from narcotic poisoning, 527 Tartar-emetic, action of, on animals, 371 — action on the skin, 375 — morbid appearances caused by, 376 — process for detecting it in a pure solution, 368 — process for detecting it in organic mixtures, 369 — symptoms excited in man by, 372 — sometimes not poisonous in large doses, 373 Tartar-emetic, treatment of poisoning with, 377 Tartaric acid, not a poison, 180 Tetanus lessens the activity of some poisons, 35 Thorn-apple effects on man and animals, 645 Ticunas, an American poison, 693 Tin, poisoning with its compounds, 378 Tissues, influence of different, in modifying the action of poisons, 30 Tobacco, effects on man and animals, 649 — effects of, by the way of injection, 650 — not injurious to workmen who manufacture it, 652 Toffana, alleged effects of the _Aqua Toffana_, 249 _Trachinus_ has poisonous spines, 478 _Tremblement metallique_, its nature and causes, 325 Treatment of poisoning, general inferences as to, drawn from the physiological action of poisons, 36 Turbith-mineral, its tests, 290 Unripe grain, its supposed deleterious effects, 719 Upas antiar, 698 — tieuté, 691 Uterus, rupture of, imitates irritant poisoning, 97 Vegetable acrids, general remarks on their effects, 451 Venomous insects, 486 Venomous serpents, 484 Veratria, alkaloid of _veratrum_, 673 _Veratrum_, poisoning with the different species of, 672 Verdigris, artificial, tests of, 349 Verdigris, natural, tests of, 348 Verditer, tests of, 347 Vermilion, tests of, 290 Vitriol, blue. See _Sulphate of Copper_. Vomiting, effects of, in removing poisons beyond the reach of analysis, 55 Wasp, its poisonous effects, 480 Water-hemlock, effects of, on man and animals, 658 Weever, poisonous spines of, 478 Wheat, rust of, is hardly poisonous, White-lead, tests for, 397 White vitriol. See _Sulphate of Zinc_. White precipitate, 332 Worms perforating the intestines may imitate irritant poisoning, 108 — producing epilepsy may imitate narcotic poisoning, 521 Woorara, an American poison, 693 Yew, poisoning with, 699 Zinc, poisoning with its compounds, 386 — sulphate of. See _Sulphate_. DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATE.