Introduction, pp. xxii.-xxiii.

[403] He means the left auricle, considered as the termination of the pulmonary "arteries"; _cf._ p. 314, note 3 (388). [404] The aorta, its orifice being circular, appears bigger than the slit-like mitral orifice. [405] p. 87. [406] Or we may render it "corpuscle"; Galen practically means the _cell_. _cf._ p. 153, note 2 (216). [407] _cf._ the term "cavernous tissue." [408] I. x. [409] Lit. _homoeomerous_, _i.e._ "the same all through," of similar structure throughout, the _elements_ of living matter, _cf._ p. 20, note 3 (38), and _cf._ also the "cell" of Erasistratus, p. 153. [410] "Delivered," "dispersed"; _cf._ p. 13, note 5 (26). INDEX AND GLOSSARY (The numbers refer to the pages of the present edition; fuller references will be found in the footnotes.) Abortifacient drugs, 285 Abortion, 231, 285 Absorption from digestive tract (_v. Anadosis_) Acidity of urine, 245, 287 Activity (function), 13 Adhesion (prosphysis) of nutriment to tissues, 39 Affinity, 33 Alimentary canal, 119, 309 coats of, 23, 263 Allopathic treatment, 199 Alteration (qualitative change), 7, 9, 241, 251 Anadosis (absorption from digestive tract), 63, 119 Anæmia, 173 Anasarca (dropsy), 41 Anastomoses (communications between arteries and veins), 321 Anaxagoras, "preformationist" doctrine of, 7 Ancient writers, value of, 279 Animal life, 3 Animals (_v._ also _History, Natural_) cold-blooded, 181 long-necked, 275 Anorexia (want of appetite), 247 Aorta (main artery of body), 143, 323 Appetite, 249 Aristotle, 9, _et passim_ (_v._ also _Peripatetic School_) Arrows, drugs for extracting heads of, 83 "Art" of Nature (_i.e._ of the living organism), 57 Arteries, structure of, 283 to-and-fro motion in, 313 attraction of air by, through skin, 317 Artery, pulmonary, 121, 323 Artificer, 133 Asclepiades, 49, _et passim_ Asepsis (absence of corruption), 201 Assimilation, 33 Asthenia (weakness), 239 Atomist School in Medicine, 45 Atrabiliary (melancholic) humour, 209 Attraction (_v._ also _Horror vacui_) physiological, 45 magnetic, 73 Auricle, left, of heart, 315 right, of heart, 321 Authority, value of, 279 Aversion, 249 Baking, 259 Beauty, 47 Bile, yellow, 63, 123, 177, 191, 289 "vitelline," 209 black, 203 (_v._ also _Melancholic humour_) Bile-passages, mechanical blocking of, 171 Biliousness, 193 Biology, repudiation of, by Atomist School, 45 Bladder, urinary, 51, 53, _et passim_ for bile (_v. Gall-bladder_) Blood-production, 17, 169, 183, 191, 201 Boiling, 259 Boils, 253 Bone, structure of, 327 Bone-marrow, 327 Borborygmi (gurglings) in stomach, 237 Bread, constitution of, 11 Bubo (swollen lymphatic glands in groin), 185 Butchers (as the primitive anatomists), 51 Cadaver (corpse), experiment on, 265 Cartilage (gristle), 329 Catarrh (mucous discharge), 215 Cattle (as typifying "herd-morality"), 47 "Cell," of animal tissues, 153 nutrition of, 327 Change, qualitative (_v. Alteration_) Channels (_v. Morphological hypothesis_) Cheese-making, 91 Childbirth, 231, 285 Children's game, 27 Chill, 171, 203 (_v._ also _Cold_) Cholagogues (drugs that draw off bile), 65 Cholera, 299 Chorion (membrane enclosing unborn child), 229 Chrysippus, 9 Chyle (emulsified contents of stomach), (_v. Emulsification_) Cirrhosis (induration) of liver, 171 Coats (tunics), 23 Cold, action of, on skin, 301 Cold-in-the-head, 215 (_v._ also _Chill_) Colon (large intestine), 313 Colour, 5 Conception, of semen, 233 Congius (measure), 111 Contractions (_v. Peristalsis_) Cooking, 191 Corn, attractive power of, 87 Coryza (mucous discharge: now a "cold"), 215 Crisis, 75 Cyathus (measure), 65 Decay, 7 Deductive reasoning, 227 Deglutition (swallowing), 95, 261, 265, 273 Democritus, 153 Deposits (in tissues), 297 Desire (appetite), 249, 269 Destruction (act of perishing), 7 Diaphragm (midriff), 255 Diarrhoea, 247, 299 Diet, 35, 179, 255 Digestion, cause of, 243 impairment of, 185, 217, 237 Digestive tract, action on food, 251, _et seq._ structure (_v. Alimentary Canal_) Diocles, 51 Disease, definition of, 197 Diseases, the four primary, 185 Disjunctive argument, 167 Distribution (diadosis) of nutriment to tissues, 163 Dropsy, 41, 67, 171 Drugs, 65, 285, 293 (_v._ also _Poisons_) Dyscrasia (abnormal blending of the four qualities), 189 Dysentery, 205 Dyspepsia (_v. Indigestion_) Education, 279 Effect (product, work done), 13 Emaciation, 161 Emanations, 77 Embryo, 229 Emesis (_v. Vomiting_) Empiricist physicians, 69, 193 Emulsification, 239 Epicurus, 71 Epigastric muscles, 237 Epispastic (attractive), 117 Erasistratus, 95 Erasistrateans, 105 Etna, 259 Eucrasia (proper blending of the four qualities), 189 Evaporation, 51, 87, 251 Experience (_v. Empiricist physicians_) Expulsive faculty, 231 Faculty (potentiality), 13 Fæces (ordure from bowel), 255 Fermentation, 209 Fever as a cause of indigestion, 185 Fibres, 329 of blood, 215 circular and longitudinal, 263 oblique, 281 Filtration, 91 Fish, voraciousness of, 269 Flavour, 5 Fluxions, 297 Foetus (unborn child), 233 death of, 287 Forced-feeding, 247 Forces, material, 127, 301 Function (activity), cause of, 197 Gall-bladder, 147, 245 absence of nerves in, 289 Gardens, irrigation of, 325 Genesis (development of embryo), 19 Germander (drug), 67 Gestation (carrying of embryo by mother), 229 Give-and-take between organs, 295 Gravity (explaining secretion of urine), 107 Greediness, 271 Growth, 27, 137 Gullet, 263 use of, by stomach, 271 function of its two coats, 273 Gurgling in stomach, 237 Habit of body, 69 Hæmorrhage, intestinal, 297 Hæmorrhoids (_v. Piles_) Heartburn, 287 Heat, innate, 41, 141, 185 Hepatic veins (entering vena cava from liver), 147 Herophilus, 233 Hippocrates, 9, _et passim_ Histogenesis (tissue-production), 21 History, natural, 269 Homoeomeries (similar parts), 169 Homoeopathy, p. 199, Note 1 (276) Honey, 179, 191 Horror vacui ("Nature's abhorrence of a vacuum"), 99, 155 Humours, the four, origin of, 167, 183, 209 Hydragogues (drugs that draw water out of the system), 65 Ileus volvulus (obstruction of bowels), 299, 303 Illusions, sensory, 7 Indigestion, 185, 217, 237 Inductive reasoning, 227 Inflammation, 89, 233 Interaction of any two bodies, 251 Intestine, small, 255 Intestines, structure of, 283 movements of, 243 Ionia, 29 Iron, 71 Irrigation of gardens and tissues, 325 Jaundice, 179, 207 Jejunum (part of small intestine), 299 Kidneys, 49, 89 Labour (_v. Childbirth_) Larynx (voice-box), involved in swallowing, 265 Leprosy, 41 Leucippus, 153 Lichen (a skin-disease), 253 Liver, proper tissue of, 311 transverse fissure of, 147 induration of, 171 give-and-take between it and stomach, 291 Lodestone, 71 Love, 47 Lumen (internal cavity of a vessel), 119 Lycus, 109 Magnetism, 71 Marrow of bones, 327 Mastication, 253 Material forces, 127 Medicine, taking of, 269 (_v._ also _Drugs_) Melancholic (_v. Atrabiliary_) Membranes, foetal, 231, 285 (_v._ also _Chorion_) Menander, 105 Menodotus, 81 Menstrual blood, 131, 171 Metabolism, diseases of, 41 Midwife, 235 Miscarriage, (_v. Abortion_) Molecules (of Asclepiades), 63 Morphological hypothesis of bile-secretion, 125, 147 Motion, active and passive, 57 Mouth, lining of, 261 digestion in, 253 Mucus, 203, 215 Muscles, voluntary, 263 "Nature," 2; its "Art," 57 Nature-lore (_v. Physiology_) Nausea, 287 "Nerve," 151, 273 Nutriment, 41 Nutrition, 31, 149 Obstetric chair, 235 Obstruction of bowels, 299, 303 Oesophagus (_v. Gullet_) Omentum (an apron-like fold of fat, overlying the intestine), 143, 255, 313 Organism, unity of, 61 Organs, nutrition of, 307 Os uteri (mouth of womb), 229 Ovum, human, 135 Oxidation, 211 Oxygen (_v. Pneuma_) Pain, 287 Parturition, 231 Pathology, relation to Physiology, 189, 287 Peasants, 87 Perch (_v. Fish_) Peripatetic (Aristotelian) School, 139 Peristalsis (contraction and dilatation), 97, 243, 263 Peritoneum, 53 Phidias, 129 Philistion, 173 Philotimus, 183 Phlegm, 67, 201, 215 Phlegmatic temperament, 193 "Physiology," 139 Piles, 171 Plant-life, 3 Plato, 173, 203, 215 Plethora (congestion), 119 Pneuma (as a vital principle), 153; (as oxygen), 187 Poisons, action of, 251 Porch, the (Stoic School), 145 "Pores" (_v. Channels_) Portal vein, 147 Potter's earth, 213 Practitioner, 197 Praxagoras, 51 Praxiteles, 129 "Preformationist" doctrine of Anaxagoras, p. 7, Note 5 (14) Presentation (prosthesis) of nutriment to tissues, 39 Prevention and Cure, 169 Principles, the four fundamental (_v. Qualities_) Prodicus, 201 Prolapse of uterus, 235 Propulsive faculty, 231 Prosphysis (_v. Adhesion_) Prosthesis (_v. Presentation_) Psyche, 3, 153 Psychology, repudiation of, by Atomist School, 45 Pulmonary artery, 121 Pylorus (outlet of stomach), 239 regurgitation through, 289 Pyrrhonists (typical sceptics), 197 Qualities, the four fundamental, 9, 183, 259 derivative, 21 Relativity, 17 Renal veins, 107 Respiration, 175, 305 Retentive faculty, 225 Rhetoric, 97 Safflower (drug), 67 Saliva, action of, 253 Scammony (drug), 67 Schools, two contrasted, in Medicine, 45 Scientist, 197 Scorpions, 253 Sculpture, 129 Sectarianism, 55 Sects, medical (_v. Schools_) Self-control, 47 Self-education, 279 Semen, 131, 233 Sensation, 47 Septum, perforated, between ventricles of heart, 321 Serum (watery part of blood or milk), 91, 213 Shaping (development of organs), 19 Sieves, 91 Skin-diseases, 253 (_v._ also _Leprosy_ and _Lichens_) Slaves, 103 Sociability, 47 Sophistry, 219, 279 Sophists, 7 Soul, 45 Specific selection of nutriment by tissues (_v. Attraction, physiological_) Spermatic ducts, 57 Spirit (_v. Pneuma_) Spleen, function and diseases of, 205 "uselessness" of, 143 as an emunctory of the liver, 277 Statues, 129 Sting-ray (fish), bite of, 85 Stoics, 15, 145 Stomach, function of, 197, 237, 251, 255 coats of, 261 independent habits of, 271 give-and-take between it and liver, 291 Stone in bladder, 51 Strength, relative, of different organs, 293 Substance, 9 Superfluities (waste-substances), 35, 291 Swallowing (_v. Deglutition_) Symptoms, 13 Synapse, 147 Teeth, 253 Temperament (crasis, mixture of elementary principles), 15, 139, 193 Temperance, 47 Theophrastus, 139 Thorns, drugs for extracting, 83 Tissues, development of, 21 their action in producing humours, 179, 195 Trachea (windpipe), 305 Transference (passive motion), 7 Transpiration, 153 Treatment, principles of, 199 Tricuspid orifice of heart, 321 Tubes, rigid, 119, 317, 325 Unity of organism, 61 Ureters, 23, 51 Urine, 51 "Useless" organs (Erasistratus), 143 Uterus (womb), 227 Vacuum, tendency to refill (_v. Horror vacui_) Valves of heart, 121, 315 Vaporisation (_v. Evaporation_) Vegetable diet, 35, 179 Vegetative life, 3 Veins, structure of, 283 "arterial" (_v. Pulmonary artery_) coronary, 323 hepatic, 147 mesenteric, 293, 305 portal, 147 renal, 107, 143 vena cava (chief vein of body), 91 collapse of, 119 Ventricles of heart, communication between, 321 Vipers, 85 Vitalist School in Medicine, 45 Vivisection, 59, 241, 273 Voluntary motion, 3 Volvulus (intestinal obstruction), 299, 303 Vomiting, 241, 247, 267 fæcal, 299 Waste-products (_v. Superfluities_) Whey (_v. Serum_) Wine, 209, 329 Womb (_v. Uterus_) Wounds, 185 Wrestling, 125 Zeno, of Citium, 9 *** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK GALEN: ON THE NATURAL FACULTIES *** Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will be renamed. Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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