The Natural History of Pliny, Volume 6 (of 6) by the Elder Pliny

Chapter 48, and “Beli oculus” in Chapter 55, of this Book.

958 words  |  Chapter 152

[3354] “Variegated with white.” [3355] “Yellow incense.” [3356] “Meadow-green stone.” [3357] “Fat stone.” [3358] “White gold.” Ajasson thinks that this may have been either a sub-variety of Hyalin amethystine quartz, a yellow quartz or false topaz, or else an unctuous, white quartz, either opaque or transparent. [3359] “Stone of Memnon.” [3360] This reading seems preferable to “Media,” given by the Bamberg and some other MSS. [3361] The enchantress of Colchis. The stone, no doubt was as fabulous as the enchantress. [3362] “Poppy stone.” [3363] For the origin of this name, see “Eumithres,” in Chapter 58, Note 3307. [3364] It was probably a kind of Opal. [3365] The reading here is very doubtful. [3366] This reading also is doubtful: it is probably an Eastern word. According to some authorities, this stone was a dark-brown rock crystal. Ajasson identities it with Schorl or black Tourmaline, with a base of Magnesia. [3367] Red Tourmaline, possibly, or Rubellite. [3368] Carnelian. See Chapter 31 of this Book. [3369] “Ectypæ sculpturæ.” See B. xxxv. c. 43. [3370] “Myrrh stone.” It was an Eastern compound, probably. See Chapter 54, Note 3211. [3371] “Wart stone.” [3372] “Myrtle stone.” [3373] “White in the middle.” This and the next seem to have been general names for stones of a particular appearance. [3374] “Black in the middle.” [3375] Bacchus. [3376] A Greek word, signifying the skin of a fawn or deer, as worn by the Bacchanals in the celebration of their orgies. Ajasson is of opinion that this was a mottled quartz or agate, similar to those mentioned as resembling the spots of the lion, in Chapter 54, the Leontios and Pardalios of Chapter 73. [3377] This reading is doubtful. [3378] “Shower stone,” apparently. [3379] From “Notus,” the south wind, which usually brought rain. [3380] See Chapters 48 and 51. [3381] See Chapter 55 of this Book. [3382] “Ass’s heart.” [3383] “Mountain stone.” [3384] See Chapter 67. [3385] “Shell-stone.” Not the same, probably, as the Cadmitis or Ostracitis mentioned in Chapter 56 of this Book. See B. xxxvi. c. 31, where a stone of this name is also mentioned. Horn-stone, probably, a Chalcedony, more brittle than flint, is meant in the present passage. [3386] See Chapter 56 of this Book. [3387] See the beginning of Chapter 54. [3388] “Oyster-stone.” [3389] See B. xxxvi. chap. 67; our “Obsidian.” [3390] “Of all colours.” Either Opal, Ajasson thinks, or Iridized hyalin quartz. [3391] “All corners.” Ajasson seems to think that this may have been Hyalin quartz. [3392] “Worthy of all love.” [3393] Of the same meaning as “paneros.” [3394] “Gem of Pontus.” According to Desfontaines, these stones are identified, by some with agates, by others with sapphires. [3395] “Flame-coloured.” [3396] “Golden-coloured stone.” [3397] See B. xxxiii. c. 56, and B. xxxv. cc. 12, 16. [3398] “Palm-date stone. Desfontaines says that this is Jew stone, the fossil spine of an egg-shaped echinus. See Chapter 55, Note 3241. [3399] Φῦκος; whence the Latin “fucus.” [3400] “White around.” [3401] An Aëtites or Geodes, probably. See Chapter 56, Note 3278; also B. xxx. c. 44, and B. xxxvi. cc. 32, 39. [3402] “Earth stone,” apparently. [3403] The tomb of Tiresias was ordinarily pointed out in the vicinity of the Tilphusan Well, near Thebes; at least Pausanias states to that effect. [3404] “Gem of the Sun.” According to some, this is the Girasol opal; but Ajasson has no doubt, from the description given of it by Photius, from Damascius, that it is identical with the “Asteria” of Chapter 47. See also the “Astrion” of Chapter 48. [3405] Supposed to be jet. [3406] “Lizard stone.” [3407] “Flesh stone.” [3408] “Moon stone.” Our Selenite probably, crystallized sulphate of lime] the thin laminæ of which reflect the disk of the sun or moon. [3409] “Stone like iron.” See “Oritis” in Chapter 65; also B. xxxvi. c. 25, and Chapter 15 of this Book, for minerals of this name. [3410] “Variegated iron.” [3411] So called from its teeth meeting evenly, like the jaw-teeth, and not shaped like those of a saw, so formed that the teeth of one jaw lock with those of the other. See B. xi. c. 5. The Linnæan genus Sparus is of this kind. [3412] See B. v. cc. 4, 5, and B. vi. c. 37. [3413] “Fistulous stone.” [3414] “Three-coloured stone.” [3415] Meaning “Female root,” apparently. The reading, however, is uncertain. [3416] “Female heart,” apparently. The reading is doubtful. [3417] “Thracian stone.” The reading, however, is doubtful. [3418] “Ash-coloured stone.” It has been identified with Uranian agate by some. [3419] “Dissolving stone.” Probably our Jew stone, and identical with the Phœnicitis of Chapter 66. See Note 3398. [3420] “Venus’ hair.” As Ajasson remarks, the description renders it next to impossible to say what the stone was. [3421] “Liver stone.” Heavy spar, a sulphate of barytes, is sometimes called Hepatite. [3422] “Fat stone.” Saponite or soapstone, a silicate of magnesia, is also known as Steatite. [3423] An ancient king of Syria, worshipped by the people of that country and the inhabitants of Phrygia. According to Macrobius, the Assyrians worshipped Jupiter and the Sun under this name. [3424] “Three-eye stone.” Some kind of Cat’s eye chalcedony, probably. [3425] “Crab stone.” [3426] “Viper-stone.” [3427] “Scorpion stone.” [3428] See B. ix. c. 29, B. xl. c. 61, and B. xxxii. c. 53. This was perhaps the same stone as the “Synodontitis” of Chapter 67. [3429] Which was called τριγλὰ, in Greek. [3430] “Ant stone.” Possibly a kind of amber. [3431] “Beetle stone.” [3432] “Wolf’s eye.” [3433] “Peacock stone.” [3434] “Golden sand.” This may possibly have been Aventurine quartz. [3435] “Millet stone.” [3436] “Oak stone.” Fossil coal, perhaps. [3437] “Ivy stone.” [3438] “Daffodil stone.” An Eastern compound, probably. [3439] “Bean stone.” [3440] Our “Jew stone,” probably; identical with the Phœnicitis of

Chapters

1. Chapter 1 2. BOOK XXXII. 3. 1. The power of Nature as manifested in antipathies. The 4. 8. Places where fish recognize the human voice. Oracular 5. 10. When sea-fish were first eaten by the people of Rome. The 6. 12. The antipathies and sympathies which exist between certain 7. 13. Amphibious animals. Castoreum: sixty-six remedies and 8. 15. Remedies derived from the aquatic animals, classified 9. 16. Remedies for poisons, and for noxious spells. The dorade: 10. 17. Remedies for the stings of serpents, for the bites of dogs, 11. 18. The sea-frog: six remedies. The river-frog: fifty-two 12. 19. The enhydris: six remedies. The river-crab: fourteen remedies. 13. 20. The sea-calf: ten remedies. The muræna: one remedy. The 14. 21. The various kinds of oysters: fifty-eight remedies and 15. 23. Remedies for alopecy, change of colour in the hair, and 16. 24. Remedies for diseases of the eyes and eyelids. Two remedies 17. 25. Remedies for diseases of the ears. The batia: one remedy. 18. 26. Remedies for tooth-ache. The dog-fish: four remedies. 19. 27. Remedies for lichens, and for spots upon the face. The 20. 28. Remedies for scrofula, imposthumes of the parotid glands, 21. 30. Remedies for pains in the liver and side. The elongated 22. 31. Remedies for diseases of the bowels. Sea-wort: one remedy 23. 32. Remedies for diseases of the spleen, for urinary calculi, 24. 33. Remedies for intestinal hernia, and for diseases of the 25. 34. Remedies for inflamed tumours, and for diseases of the 26. 35. Remedies for incontinence of urine. The ophidion: one 27. 36. Remedies for gout, and for pains in the feet. The beaver: 28. 38. Remedies for fevers. The fish called asellus: one remedy. 29. 42. Methods of arresting hæmorrhage and of letting blood. The 30. 45. Remedies for warts, and for malformed nails. The glanis: 31. 46. Remedies for female diseases. The glauciscus: one 32. 49. Methods of preventing intoxication. The fish called rubellio: 33. 50. Antaphrodisiacs and aphrodisiacs. The hippopotamus: one 34. 52. Other aquatic productions. Adarca or calamochnos: three 35. 53. The names of all the animals that exist in the sea, one 36. BOOK XXXIII. 37. 13. Coins of gold. At what periods copper, gold, and silver, 38. 15. The persons who have possessed the greatest quantity of gold 39. 16. At what period silver first made its appearance upon the arena 40. 17. At what periods there was the greatest quantity of gold and 41. 29. The chrysocolla of the goldsmiths, known also as 42. 30. The marvellous operations of nature in soldering metallic 43. 36. Minium: for what religious purposes it was used by the 44. 40. The various kinds of minium. The use made of it in 45. 44. The different kinds of silver, and the modes of testing 46. 47. Instances of immense wealth. Persons who have possessed 47. 48. At what period the Roman people first made voluntary 48. 50. Instances of the frugality of the ancients in reference 49. 51. At what period silver was first used as an ornament for 50. 52. At what period silver chargers of enormous size were first 51. 55. The most remarkable works in silver, and the names of the 52. 56. Sil: The persons who first used it in painting and the 53. BOOK XXXIV. 54. 9. Which was the first statue of a god made of brass at Rome. 55. 10. The different kinds and forms of statues. Statues at Rome 56. 11. In honour of whom public statues were first erected: in 57. 12. In honour of what foreigners public statues were erected at 58. 13. The first equestrian statues publicly erected at Rome, and 59. 14. At what period all the statues erected by private 60. 16. That there were statuaries in Italy also at an early 61. 19. An account of the most celebrated works in brass, and of 62. 20. The different kinds of copper and its combinations. Pyropus. 63. 23. Fifteen remedies derived from cadmia. Ten medicinal effects 64. 41. The different kinds of iron, and the mode of tempering 65. 46. Seventeen remedies derived from the scales of iron. 66. BOOK XXXV. 67. 3. When shields were first invented with portraits upon them; 68. 5. The commencement of the art of painting. Monochrome 69. 8. At what period foreign paintings were first introduced at 70. 9. At what period painting was first held in high esteem at Rome, 71. 12. Pigments other than those of a metallic origin. Artificial 72. 31. Which colours do not admit of being laid on a wet 73. 33. At what time combats of gladiators were first painted 74. 34. The age of painting; with the names of the more celebrated 75. 38. An effectual way of putting a stop to the singing of 76. 39. Artists who have painted in eucaustics or wax, with 77. 40. The first inventors of various kinds of painting. The 78. 44. Who was the first to mould figures in imitation of the 79. 47. Various kinds of earth. The Puteolan dust, and other 80. 50. Sulphur, and the several varieties of it: fourteen 81. 51. Bitumen, and the several varieties of it: twenty-seven 82. 52. Alumen, and the several varieties of it: thirty-eight 83. 56. Chian earth: three remedies. Selinusian earth: three 84. 57. Cretaceous earths used for scouring cloth. Cimolian earth: 85. 58. Argentaria. Names of freedmen who have either risen to 86. 59. The earth of Galata; of Clypea; of the Baleares; and of 87. BOOK XXXVI. 88. 4. The first artists who excelled in the sculpture of marble, 89. 6. Who were the first to cut marble into slabs, and at what 90. 7. Who was the first to encrust the walls of houses at Rome with 91. 8. At what period the various kinds of marble came into use at 92. 9. The method of cutting marble into slabs. The sand used in 93. 13. Lygdinus; corallitic stone; stone of Alabanda; stone of 94. 23. The fugitive stone. The seven-fold echo. Buildings erected 95. 38. Æthiopic hæmatites. Androdamas: two remedies. Arabian 96. 43. Stones for mortars used for medicinal and other purposes. 97. 54. The various kinds of sand. The combinations of sand with 98. 64. At what period mosaic pavements were first invented. At 99. BOOK XXXVII. 100. 4. Who were the most skilful lapidaries. The finest specimens 101. 6. Jewels displayed at Rome in the triumph of Pompeius 102. 7. At what period murrhine vessels were first introduced at 103. 10. Luxury displayed in the use of crystal. Remedies derived 104. 14. The various precious stones, classified according to their 105. 23. Sardonyx; the several varieties of it. Defects in the 106. 40. Amethystos: four varieties of it. Socondion. Sapenos. 107. 54. Achates: the several varieties of it. Acopos: the remedies 108. 55. Balanites. Batrachitis. Baptes. Beli oculus. Belus. 109. 56. Cadmitis. Callais. Capnitis. Cappadocia. Callaica. 110. 58. Encardia or ariste. Enorchis. Exebenus. Erythallis. 111. 59. Galaxias. Galactitis, leucogæa, leucographitis, or 112. 60. Heliotropium. Hephæstitis. Hermuaidoion. Hexecontalithos. 113. 62. Lepidotis. Lesbias. Leucophthalmos. Leucopœcilos. 114. 63. Memnonia. Media. Meconitis. Mithrax. Morochthos. 115. 65. Oica. Ombria or notia. Onocardia. Oritis or sideritis. 116. 66. Panchrus. Pangonus. Paneros or panerastos. Pontica: four 117. 67. Solis gemma. Sagda. Samothracia. Sauritis. Sarcitis. 118. 68. Trichrus. Thelyrrhizos. Thelycardios or mule. Thracia: 119. 71. Precious stones which derive their names from various parts 120. 72. Precious stones which derive their names from animals. 121. 73. Precious stones which derive their names from other objects. 122. 74. Precious stones that suddenly make their appearance. 123. 77. A comparative view of Nature as she appears in different 124. BOOK XXXII.[1] 125. BOOK XXXIII. 126. BOOK XXXIV. 127. BOOK XXXV. 128. BOOK XXXVI. 129. BOOK XXXVII. 130. Introduction to Vol. III. 131. 480. _Bohn’s Edition_. 132. 49. Also Beckmann’s Hist. Inv., Vol. II. p. 219, _Bohn’s Edition_. 133. 40. It is our red ochre, peroxide of iron, mixed in a greater or less 134. Chapter 36. 135. 295. _Bohn’s Edition._ 136. Chapter 20 of the present Book. On the above passage by Dr. Watson, 137. Chapter 55 of this Book, that he flourished before the burning of the 138. Chapter 26), were the blue copper earth already mentioned, which may 139. 400. Several works of his are also mentioned by Pausanias. 140. 5. Müller and Meyer treat this story of the brazen statue as a fiction. 141. 328. _Bohn’s Edition._ 142. Chapter 32. 143. Chapter 2 of this Book, and B. xxxv. c. 52. 144. Chapter 40 of this Book. 145. 14. He alludes to the cement made of volcanic ashes, now known as 146. Introduction to Vol. III. 147. 19. Sillig, however, is inclined to think that there were _two_ artists 148. 703. His Basilica, a building which served as a court of law and as an 149. Chapter 68 of this Book. 150. Chapter 37. 151. Chapter 55 above. 152. Chapter 48, and “Beli oculus” in Chapter 55, of this Book. 153. Chapter 66 and the Tecolithos of Chapter 68. 154. 480. Of his Tragedies, eighteen are still extant, out of seventy-five, 155. Introduction to the work, i. 1-11.

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