The Natural History of Pliny, Volume 6 (of 6) by the Elder Pliny

Chapter 55 above.

634 words  |  Chapter 151

[3300] “The best.” [3301] “Formed like the testes.” [3302] “Red stone,” apparently. The reading is very doubtful. [3303] The reading is doubtful, but the word may possibly mean “stone of love,” or something equivalent. [3304] “Fine-haired.” [3305] “Skilled in sacred matters.” [3306] “Of fair length.” Ajasson thinks that this may have been a variety of Pyromachic silex, or gun flint, nearly allied to Chalcedony. [3307] A preferable reading, probably, to “Eumitres.” It perhaps took its name from Mithres, the god of the Sun among the Persians, and meant “blessing of Mithres.” Ajasson thinks that it may have been green Tourmaline, and that its electric properties may have been very “serviceable to the charlatans who had the monopoly of the Temple of Bel.” [3308] See Chapter 55 of this Book. [3309] “With beautiful leaves.” By some authorities this is thought to be Opal, by others Heliotrope or Bloodstone. Ajasson thinks that it may have been a general name for Jasper quartz, or else that it was Quartz agate opalized. [3310] This reading is very doubtful. [3311] “Mouldy stone.” [3312] “Stone of the religious.” [3313] “Black on the surface.” This is the case, Ajasson remarks, with many stones of the class known as “Cat’s eye.” [3314] “Galaxy stone.” Ajasson thinks that this may possibly have been an Opal, or a dead white Topaz, traversed by lines of other colours. [3315] “Milk stone.” [3316] Probably milk-white Quartz, Ajasson thinks. [3317] “White earth.” [3318] “White-streaked stone.” [3319] “Clouded.” [3320] See Chapter 54 of this Book. [3321] An Eastern name, probably. [3322] A Geodes or Aëtites, probably. See B. xxxvi. c. 39, and Chapter 56 of this Book, Note 3278. [3323] “Tongue of stone.” [3324] Divination from the appearance of the moon. [3325] “Gorgon stone.” The head of the Gorgon Medusa was fabled to turn those into stone who looked upon it. [3326] See B. xxxii. c. 11. [3327] This reading is very doubtful. [3328] Now known as Heliotrope, bloodstone, or blood jasper. It is of a deep-green colour, with red spots. [3329] “Turning under the sun.” [3330] See B. xxii. c. 29. [3331] “Stone of Hephæstos” or “Vulcan.” [3332] It acting as a burning-glass, probably. [3333] See B. iv. c. 20, and B. v. c. 22. [3334] “Genitals of Mercury.” This singular stone does not appear to have been identified. See Note 3294 above. [3335] “Sixty colour stone.” [3336] See B. v. cc. 5, 8, and B. vi. c. 34. [3337] “Hawk stone.” It is perhaps identical with the “Circos,” mentioned in Chapter 56. Aëtius says that Hieracitis was of a greenish hue. [3338] “Sand-stone.” Ajasson thinks that this was a granular quartz, of a friable nature when subjected to compression. [3339] As to the identity of “nitrum,” see B, xxxi. c, 46. [3340] “Horn of [Jupiter] Hammon.” He here alludes to the Ammonites of modern Geology, an extinct race of molluscous animals that inhabited convoluted shells, and which are commonly known as “snake-stones.” They abound in strata of the secondary formation, and vary from the size of a bean to that of a coach-wheel. [3341] The reading of this word is doubtful. [3342] “Hyæna stone.” [3343] As to this stone, see B. xxxvi. c. 25. [3344] “Yellow” stone. See Chapter 45. [3345] “Idæan fingers.” These were probably Belemnites, so called from their long, tapering shape, and being first observed, perhaps, on Mount Ida in Crete. Belemnites are the shells of fossil Cephalopods, and are commonly known as “thunder stones.” [3346] “Jaundice stone.” [3347] “Gem of Jove.” [3348] “Dew stone.” [3349] “Indian stone.” [3350] It is just possible that he may be thinking of Indigo here, which he has before called by the same name. See B. xxxiii. c. 57. [3351] “Violet-coloured.” [3352] “Scale stone.” A fossil, probably. [3353] “White eye.” Cat’s eye chalcedony, perhaps. See “Astrobolos” in

Chapters

1. Chapter 1 2. BOOK XXXII. 3. 1. The power of Nature as manifested in antipathies. The 4. 8. Places where fish recognize the human voice. Oracular 5. 10. When sea-fish were first eaten by the people of Rome. The 6. 12. The antipathies and sympathies which exist between certain 7. 13. Amphibious animals. Castoreum: sixty-six remedies and 8. 15. Remedies derived from the aquatic animals, classified 9. 16. Remedies for poisons, and for noxious spells. The dorade: 10. 17. Remedies for the stings of serpents, for the bites of dogs, 11. 18. The sea-frog: six remedies. The river-frog: fifty-two 12. 19. The enhydris: six remedies. The river-crab: fourteen remedies. 13. 20. The sea-calf: ten remedies. The muræna: one remedy. The 14. 21. The various kinds of oysters: fifty-eight remedies and 15. 23. Remedies for alopecy, change of colour in the hair, and 16. 24. Remedies for diseases of the eyes and eyelids. Two remedies 17. 25. Remedies for diseases of the ears. The batia: one remedy. 18. 26. Remedies for tooth-ache. The dog-fish: four remedies. 19. 27. Remedies for lichens, and for spots upon the face. The 20. 28. Remedies for scrofula, imposthumes of the parotid glands, 21. 30. Remedies for pains in the liver and side. The elongated 22. 31. Remedies for diseases of the bowels. Sea-wort: one remedy 23. 32. Remedies for diseases of the spleen, for urinary calculi, 24. 33. Remedies for intestinal hernia, and for diseases of the 25. 34. Remedies for inflamed tumours, and for diseases of the 26. 35. Remedies for incontinence of urine. The ophidion: one 27. 36. Remedies for gout, and for pains in the feet. The beaver: 28. 38. Remedies for fevers. The fish called asellus: one remedy. 29. 42. Methods of arresting hæmorrhage and of letting blood. The 30. 45. Remedies for warts, and for malformed nails. The glanis: 31. 46. Remedies for female diseases. The glauciscus: one 32. 49. Methods of preventing intoxication. The fish called rubellio: 33. 50. Antaphrodisiacs and aphrodisiacs. The hippopotamus: one 34. 52. Other aquatic productions. Adarca or calamochnos: three 35. 53. The names of all the animals that exist in the sea, one 36. BOOK XXXIII. 37. 13. Coins of gold. At what periods copper, gold, and silver, 38. 15. The persons who have possessed the greatest quantity of gold 39. 16. At what period silver first made its appearance upon the arena 40. 17. At what periods there was the greatest quantity of gold and 41. 29. The chrysocolla of the goldsmiths, known also as 42. 30. The marvellous operations of nature in soldering metallic 43. 36. Minium: for what religious purposes it was used by the 44. 40. The various kinds of minium. The use made of it in 45. 44. The different kinds of silver, and the modes of testing 46. 47. Instances of immense wealth. Persons who have possessed 47. 48. At what period the Roman people first made voluntary 48. 50. Instances of the frugality of the ancients in reference 49. 51. At what period silver was first used as an ornament for 50. 52. At what period silver chargers of enormous size were first 51. 55. The most remarkable works in silver, and the names of the 52. 56. Sil: The persons who first used it in painting and the 53. BOOK XXXIV. 54. 9. Which was the first statue of a god made of brass at Rome. 55. 10. The different kinds and forms of statues. Statues at Rome 56. 11. In honour of whom public statues were first erected: in 57. 12. In honour of what foreigners public statues were erected at 58. 13. The first equestrian statues publicly erected at Rome, and 59. 14. At what period all the statues erected by private 60. 16. That there were statuaries in Italy also at an early 61. 19. An account of the most celebrated works in brass, and of 62. 20. The different kinds of copper and its combinations. Pyropus. 63. 23. Fifteen remedies derived from cadmia. Ten medicinal effects 64. 41. The different kinds of iron, and the mode of tempering 65. 46. Seventeen remedies derived from the scales of iron. 66. BOOK XXXV. 67. 3. When shields were first invented with portraits upon them; 68. 5. The commencement of the art of painting. Monochrome 69. 8. At what period foreign paintings were first introduced at 70. 9. At what period painting was first held in high esteem at Rome, 71. 12. Pigments other than those of a metallic origin. Artificial 72. 31. Which colours do not admit of being laid on a wet 73. 33. At what time combats of gladiators were first painted 74. 34. The age of painting; with the names of the more celebrated 75. 38. An effectual way of putting a stop to the singing of 76. 39. Artists who have painted in eucaustics or wax, with 77. 40. The first inventors of various kinds of painting. The 78. 44. Who was the first to mould figures in imitation of the 79. 47. Various kinds of earth. The Puteolan dust, and other 80. 50. Sulphur, and the several varieties of it: fourteen 81. 51. Bitumen, and the several varieties of it: twenty-seven 82. 52. Alumen, and the several varieties of it: thirty-eight 83. 56. Chian earth: three remedies. Selinusian earth: three 84. 57. Cretaceous earths used for scouring cloth. Cimolian earth: 85. 58. Argentaria. Names of freedmen who have either risen to 86. 59. The earth of Galata; of Clypea; of the Baleares; and of 87. BOOK XXXVI. 88. 4. The first artists who excelled in the sculpture of marble, 89. 6. Who were the first to cut marble into slabs, and at what 90. 7. Who was the first to encrust the walls of houses at Rome with 91. 8. At what period the various kinds of marble came into use at 92. 9. The method of cutting marble into slabs. The sand used in 93. 13. Lygdinus; corallitic stone; stone of Alabanda; stone of 94. 23. The fugitive stone. The seven-fold echo. Buildings erected 95. 38. Æthiopic hæmatites. Androdamas: two remedies. Arabian 96. 43. Stones for mortars used for medicinal and other purposes. 97. 54. The various kinds of sand. The combinations of sand with 98. 64. At what period mosaic pavements were first invented. At 99. BOOK XXXVII. 100. 4. Who were the most skilful lapidaries. The finest specimens 101. 6. Jewels displayed at Rome in the triumph of Pompeius 102. 7. At what period murrhine vessels were first introduced at 103. 10. Luxury displayed in the use of crystal. Remedies derived 104. 14. The various precious stones, classified according to their 105. 23. Sardonyx; the several varieties of it. Defects in the 106. 40. Amethystos: four varieties of it. Socondion. Sapenos. 107. 54. Achates: the several varieties of it. Acopos: the remedies 108. 55. Balanites. Batrachitis. Baptes. Beli oculus. Belus. 109. 56. Cadmitis. Callais. Capnitis. Cappadocia. Callaica. 110. 58. Encardia or ariste. Enorchis. Exebenus. Erythallis. 111. 59. Galaxias. Galactitis, leucogæa, leucographitis, or 112. 60. Heliotropium. Hephæstitis. Hermuaidoion. Hexecontalithos. 113. 62. Lepidotis. Lesbias. Leucophthalmos. Leucopœcilos. 114. 63. Memnonia. Media. Meconitis. Mithrax. Morochthos. 115. 65. Oica. Ombria or notia. Onocardia. Oritis or sideritis. 116. 66. Panchrus. Pangonus. Paneros or panerastos. Pontica: four 117. 67. Solis gemma. Sagda. Samothracia. Sauritis. Sarcitis. 118. 68. Trichrus. Thelyrrhizos. Thelycardios or mule. Thracia: 119. 71. Precious stones which derive their names from various parts 120. 72. Precious stones which derive their names from animals. 121. 73. Precious stones which derive their names from other objects. 122. 74. Precious stones that suddenly make their appearance. 123. 77. A comparative view of Nature as she appears in different 124. BOOK XXXII.[1] 125. BOOK XXXIII. 126. BOOK XXXIV. 127. BOOK XXXV. 128. BOOK XXXVI. 129. BOOK XXXVII. 130. Introduction to Vol. III. 131. 480. _Bohn’s Edition_. 132. 49. Also Beckmann’s Hist. Inv., Vol. II. p. 219, _Bohn’s Edition_. 133. 40. It is our red ochre, peroxide of iron, mixed in a greater or less 134. Chapter 36. 135. 295. _Bohn’s Edition._ 136. Chapter 20 of the present Book. On the above passage by Dr. Watson, 137. Chapter 55 of this Book, that he flourished before the burning of the 138. Chapter 26), were the blue copper earth already mentioned, which may 139. 400. Several works of his are also mentioned by Pausanias. 140. 5. Müller and Meyer treat this story of the brazen statue as a fiction. 141. 328. _Bohn’s Edition._ 142. Chapter 32. 143. Chapter 2 of this Book, and B. xxxv. c. 52. 144. Chapter 40 of this Book. 145. 14. He alludes to the cement made of volcanic ashes, now known as 146. Introduction to Vol. III. 147. 19. Sillig, however, is inclined to think that there were _two_ artists 148. 703. His Basilica, a building which served as a court of law and as an 149. Chapter 68 of this Book. 150. Chapter 37. 151. Chapter 55 above. 152. Chapter 48, and “Beli oculus” in Chapter 55, of this Book. 153. Chapter 66 and the Tecolithos of Chapter 68. 154. 480. Of his Tragedies, eighteen are still extant, out of seventy-five, 155. Introduction to the work, i. 1-11.

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