171. Buried in the parish of Stepney from the 25th of March to the 20th of

October, in all 1978, whereof of the plague, 1871. Buried at Newington-buts from the 14th of June to the 20th of October, in all 626, whereof of the plague, 562. Buried at Islington 201 in all, 170 of plague; at Lambeth 373 in all, 362 of plague; at Hackney 192 in all, 169 of plague. Buried in all within the 7 several places last aforenamed 4378, whereof of the plague, 3997. The whole number that hath been buried in all [to 20th October], both within London and the Liberties, and the 7 other severall places last before mentioned is 39,380, whereof of the number of the plague, 32,609.” From the parish registers the burials for the whole year are known: Stepney, 2257; Lambeth, 566; Islington, 322; Hackney, 321 (of plague 269). In Stow’s _Annales_, the mortality of 1603 is given as follows:--“There died in London and the liberties thereof from the xxiii day of December 1602 unto the xxii day of December 1603, of all diseases 38,244, whereof of the plague 30,578.” [922] Baddeley, _l. c._ [923] _A short Dialogue concerning the Plague Infection._ Published to preserue Bloud through the blessing of God. London, 1603. [924] _The Wonderfull Yeare 1603, wherein is shewed the picture of London lying sicke of the Plague._ London, 1603. [925] In his _Seven Deadly Sins of London_ (1606) he returns to the mode of burial in the plague: “All ceremonial due to them was taken away, they were launched ten in one heap, twenty in another, the gallant and the beggar together, the husband saw his wife and his deadly enemy whom he hated within a pair of sheets.” As an after effect of this mode of interment, “What rotten stenches and contagious damps would strike up into thy nostrils!” [926] _A Treatise of the Plague._ By Thomas Lodge, Doctor in Phisicke. London, 1603. It has been reprinted, among Lodge’s other works, by the Hunterian Club of Glasgow, 1880. [927] _The opinion of Peter Turner, Doctor in Physicke, concerning Amulets or Plague-Cakes, whereof perhaps some hold too much and some too little._ London, 1603, p. 10. Turner held high offices at the College of Physicians, and died in 1614. There was another physician of the name, also a dignitary of the College, Dr George Turner, whose widow was the notorious Mrs Anne Turner, executed for having been an instrument in the poisoning of Sir T. Overbury. Scott has drawn from her the character of Mrs Suddlechop, in _The Fortunes of Nigel_, a work invaluable for realizing the London of King James. The reference in the Earl of Northumberland’s accounts, under date Feb. 6, 1607, to a Dr Turner, who was paid ten shillings for a “pomander” against the plague, would suit either Dr Peter or Dr George (_Hist. MSS. Commis._ VI. 2, 29). [928] A letter from Hampstead, August 27, 1603, speaks of “the imprudent exposure of infected beds in the streets.” (_Cal. State Papers._) [929] _A New Treatise of the Pestilence, etc. the like not before this time published, and therefore necessarie for all manner of persons in this time of contagion._ By S. H. Studious in Phisicke. London, 1603. [930] This mystification was pointed out in a note to “Thayre” (the 1625 edition) in the printed Catalogue of the Library of the Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society. [931] _An Epistle discoursing upon the present Pestilence, teaching what it is and how the people of God should carrie themselves towards God and their neighbours therein._ Reprinted, with some Additions, by Henoch Clapham. London, 1603. [932] _A Short Dialogue, etc._, _ut supra_. [933] In a volume with other pieces. London, 1605. [934] But several warders in the Tower died of it. (_Cal. State Papers_, Sept. 16, 1603.) [935] In Lysons, _Environs of London_. [936] _Hist. MSS. Com._ X. pt. 4, p. 5. [937] E.g. plague at Datchet (_Notes and Queries_, 3rd ser. VI. 217). [938] John Bell, _London’s Remembrancer_. London, 1665 [1666]. [939] Extracts from _Harrison’s MS. Chronologie_ by Furnivall in Appendix (p. 268) to _Elizabethan England_. Camelot Series, 1890. [940] _A Sermon preached at Powles Crosse_, etc. London, 1578. [941] _Remembrancia_ (numerous extracts from the City records, under “Plays”). [942] _Cal. State Papers_, Addenda, James I. p. 534. [943] _Notes and Queries_, 6th series, II. 524. The mortality is stated on the authority of the parish registers of St George’s and St Michael’s, the dead having been “buried at the cabbin of Whitefryers.” [944] There is _An Account of the Plague at Oxford, 1603_, in the Sloane MS. No. 4376 (14), extracted from the register of Merton College, which had also been the source of Anthony Wood’s account, as summarised in the text. [945] _Cal. State Papers._ Addenda, 1580-1625. [946] _Hist. MSS. Commis._ IX. 160. [947] Izacke’s ‘Memorials of Exeter’ (in _N. and Q._, 3rd ser. VI. 217). [948] Bailey, _Transcripts from the MS. Archives of Winchester, 1856_, p. 109. [949] Cromwell. [950] _Hist. MSS. Commis._ IX. [951] _Ibid._ X. pt. I, p. 89. [952] Thompson’s _Boston_. [953] _Hist. MSS. Com._ IX. [954] _Archæologia_, VI. 80. [955] Rogers’ MS. in Hemingway’s _Hist. of Chester_. Harl. MS. 2177. [956] Earwaker, _East Cheshire_, II. 471; I. 406. [957] Bridges and Whalley, II. 53; I. 124. [958] Drake’s _Eboracum_. Lond. 1736, p. 121. [959] Sykes, _Local Records of Northumberland and Durham_. [960] Phillips, Owen and Blakeway. [961] _Cal. State Papers._ Addenda, 1580-1625. [962] Parish Register (in a local history). [963] _Notes and Queries_, 6th ser. II. 390. [964] _Ib._ [965] _Ib._ [966] _Ib._ [967] _Cal. State Papers_, 1608-9. [968] Hemingway. [969] _Cal. S. P._ [970] _Hist. MSS. Com._ V. 570. [971] _Archæologia_, VI. 80. [972] Blomefield. [973] Sykes. [974] Nichols, III. 892-3. [975] Nichols (parish registers); Kelly, _Trans. Roy. Hist. Soc._, 1877, VI. 395. [976] Sykes. [977] Hemingway. [978] May, _Hist. of Evesham_, 1845; p. 371. [979] Add. MS. 29,975. f. 25. [980] _Hist. MSS. Com._ IX. 162. [981] _Ib._ I. 101. [982] Beesley, _Hist. of Banbury_. [983] Dean Butler’s notes to Clyn’s and Dowling’s _Annals_. [984] Smith’s _Cork_, from MS. Annals. [985] Chambers, _Domestic Annals_. [986] _Cal. State Papers._ [987] Chambers. [988] _Cal. State Papers._ [989] Balfour’s _Annals of Scotland_ (in Chambers, I. 399). [990] _Ibid._ [991] Chambers. [992] _Aberdeen Burgh Records._ [993] Chambers. [994] _Chron. of Perth._ [995] Chambers. [996] _Ibid._ [997] The invaluable letters of Chamberlain, as well as those of Mead (of Cambridge) and others, were collected by Dr Thomas Birch in the last century, and printed in 1848 under the titles _The Court and Times of James I._, and _C. and T. Charles I._, without an index but with some useful notes. [998] Chamberlain to Carleton, _C. and T. James I._, II. 504. [999] _Chronological History of the Air, Weather, Seasons, Meteors, etc._ 2 vols. Lond. 1749, I. 306:--“This fever began, and raged terribly in England in 1623; was little, if at all, short of the plague.” [1000] Chamberlain to Carleton, in _Court and Times of Charles I._, I. 28. [1001] Salvetti’s Diary, in _Hist. MSS. Com._ XI. pt. I, p. 26. [1002] _Cal. S. P._ 15 Sept. [1003] Holland. [1004] Bell, _London’s Remembrancer_. [1005] _C. and T. Charles I._, letter of 2 July, 1625. [1006] In a volume of Topographical Papers in the British Museum, 1298, m (18). [1007] W. Heberden, Junr., _Increase and Decrease of Diseases_. Lond. 1801, p. 66. He gives no authority; “1626” is clearly a misprint. [1008] _Calendar of State Papers_, 1625-26, p. 184. [1009] _The Red Crosse_ (broadside). London, 1625. [1010] Parish Histories, and in Lysons’ _Environs of London_. [1011] _Britain’s Remembrancer, containing a Narrative of the Plague lately past._ London, 1628. [1012] _The Fearfull Summer, or London’s Calamitie._ Printed at Oxford, 1625 (reprinted with additions, Lond. 1636). [1013] Holland’s _Posthuma_. Cantab. 1626. [1014] _The Weeping Lady, or London like Ninivie in Sackcloth._ By T. B. London, 1625. [1015] _Hist. MSS. Commission_, XI. pt. I, p. 6. [1016] Bradwell’s book, to be mentioned in the sequel, was written for practice during the plague. There is a reference to something of Sir Theodore Mayerne’s on the plague of 1625, which I have not succeeded in finding. His _Opera Medica_ contain ordinary cases treated by him in London in December, 1625, but there is no mention of plague-cases. Woodall’s essay on plague, published in 1639, thus refers to his experience in the epidemic of 1625: “In anno 1625 we had many signes contrarie to the plagues in other times; yea, and many did dye dayly without any signes or markes on their bodies at all.” [1017] _C. and T. Charles I._ I. 48. [1018] _A Watchman for the Pest, teaching the true Rules of Preservation from the Pestilent Contagion, at this time fearfully overflowing this famous Cittie of London. Collected out of the best authors, mixed with auncient experience, and moulded into a new and most plaine method._ By Steven Bradwell, of London, Physition. 1625. [1019] _Cal. State Papers._ [1020] _Ib._ [1021] Th. Locke to Carleton, _Cal. S. P._, 14 Aug. [1022] Salvetti. [1023] Locke to Carleton, 27 Aug. [1024] _Cal. S. P._ [1025] Mead, letter in _C. and T. Ch. I._ I. 43. [1026] _Cal. S. P._ [1027] _Ibid._ [1028] Mostly from parish registers in Lysons’ _Environs of London_. [1029] Winchester was probably a fair sample. In the city archives under the year 1625 there is this entry: “Item, it is also agreed that the decayed cottage where Lenord Andrews did dwell, he lately dying of the plague, shall be burned to the grounde for fear of the daunger of infection that might ensue if it should stande.” (Bailey, _Transcripts_, etc. Winchester, 1856, p. 110.) In a petition relating to Farnham, Jan. 1628, the town is described as being “impoverished through the plague and many charges,” which may mean that plague had been diffused in Surrey and Hampshire. [1030] _Cal. State Papers._ [1031] _Cal. State Papers._ [1032] MSS. of the Corporation of Plymouth. _Hist. MSS. Commis._ IX. 278. Accounts are given (p. 280) of the monies collected for the relief of the poor and sick people of Plymouth “in the time of the infection of the pestilence from Sept. 29, 1625, to that day A.D. 1627.” But that does not imply that the infection lasted all that time. The civic year began with September 29, and the accounts are those that fall within two complete financial years. [1033] _Cal. State Papers._ [1034] _Notes and Queries_, 6 ser. III. 477. [1035] _Cal. S. P._ [1036] _Ib._ [1037] _Cal. S. P._ [1038] _Ib._ [1039] _Cal. S. P._ [1040] Letter from Mead in _C. and T. Charles I._ I. 51. [1041] Blomefield. [1042] At Coventry in 1626, £20 was paid to the poor in lieu of a feast at Lammas, by reason of the infection. (Dugdale, _Warwickshire_.) [1043] The following curious extract was sent by J. A. Picton to _Notes and Queries_, 6th ser. I. 314 from the parish register of Malpas, Cheshire, 1625: “Richard Dawson (brother of the above-named Thomas Dawson of Bradley) being sick of the plague and perceiving he must die, at that time arose out of his bed and made his grave, and caused his nephew John Dawson to cast straw into the grave, which was not far from the house, and went and laid him down in the said grave and caused clothes to be laid upon, and so departed out of this world. This he did because he was a strong man and heavier than his said nephew and another wench were able to bury. He died about the 24th of August. Thus much was I credibly tould. He died 1625. “John Dawson, son of the above-mentioned Thomas, came unto his father when his father sent for him being sick, and having laid him down in a ditch died in it the 29th day of August, 1625, in the night. “Rose Smyth, servant of the above-named Thomas Dawson, and last of that household, died of the plague and was buried by Wm. Cooke the 5th day of September, 1625, near unto the said house.” [1044] Memoranda of Rev. Thomas Archer, of Houghton Conquest. MSS. Addit. Brit. Museum. [1045] Blomefield. [1046] Phillips’ _Hist. of Shrewsbury_. _Hist. MSS. Com._ X. pt. 4. p. 498. [1047] _Hist. MSS. Com._ II. 258. [1048] _Hist. of County of Lincoln_, II. 187. _Notitiae Ludae_, p. 41. [1049] Tickell’s _Hist. of Kingston-upon-Hull_. Hull, 1798. [1050] Gawdy MSS. (_Hist. MSS. Com._ X. pt. 2), various letters from Sept. 14, 1636, to Nov. 26, 1638, relating chiefly to Norwich. [1051] Boys, _Hist. of Sandwich_, pp. 707-8. [1052] R. Jenison, D.D., _Newcastle’s Call to her Neighbor and Sister Towns_. London, 1637. [1053] Heberden says that it began in Whitechapel, but does not say where he got the information. [1054] _Middlesex County Records_, III. 62. [1055] _Ibid._ [1056] The College of Physicians reported also in May, 1637, on the causes of plague--overcrowding, nuisances, &c.; among the causes assigned the following is noteworthy: Those who died of the plague were buried within the City, and some of the graveyards were so full that partially decomposed bodies were taken up to make room for fresh interments. (Cited by S. R. Gardiner, _History, &c._, VIII. 237-9, from the State Papers.) [1057] _Natural and Political Reflections on the Bills of Mortality._ London, 1662. [1058] _Cal. State Papers._ [1059] Strype’s ed. of Stow’s _Survey of London_. [1060] Rendle (_Old Southwark_, 1878, p. 96) quotes the following from a letter written in 1618 by Geoffrey Mynshall from the King’s Bench prison: “As to health, it hath more diseases predominant in it than the pest-house in the plague time ... stinks more than the Lord Mayor’s dog-house or Paris Garden in August ... three men in one bed.” [1061] _Cal. S. P._ 1601-3, p. 209. [1062] _Middlesex County Records_, II. [1063] Cited by Gardiner, _History_, VIII. 289. [1064] _Calendar of State Papers._ [1065] _Cal. S. P._ [1066] _Ibid._ [1067] _Ibid._ The coexistence of malignant fever with plague at Northampton in 1638 is decisively shown by particulars of cases published by Woodall, _Op. cit._ 1639. See also Freeman, _Hist. of Northampton_, p. 75 (but under the year 1637). [1068] _Ibid._ [1069] _Ibid._ [1070] Camden’s _Britannia_, ed. Gough, II. 244. [1071] _Notes and Queries_, 6th series, IV. 199. [1072] _Hist. MSS. Com._ V. 173. [1073] _Diatribae duae de Fermentatione et de Febribus._ Hagae, 1659. [1074] _Morbus Epidemicus anni 1643; or the New Disease._ Published by command of his Majesty. Oxford, 1643. [1075] From Rushworth. [1076] “The City, with much emotion, ranks its trained bands under Essex: making up an Army for him, despatches him to relieve Gloucester. He marches on the 26th [August]; steadily along, in spite of rainy weather and Prince Rupert; westward, westward; on the night of the tenth day, September 5th, the Gloucester people see his signal-fire flame up, amid the dark rain, ‘on the top of Presbury Hill;’--and understand that they shall live and not die. The King ‘fired his huts,’ and marched off without delay. He never again had any real chance of prevailing in this war.... The steady march to Gloucester and back again, by Essex, was the chief feat he did during the war; a considerable feat, and very characteristic of him, the slow-going inarticulate, indignant, somewhat elephantine man.” Carlyle, _Letters and Speeches of Cromwell_. [1077] From the translation by S. Pordage. London, 1681. [1078] Anthony Wood, II. pt I. p. 469. [1079] Dunsford’s _Histor. Mem. of Tiverton_, p. 184. [1080] The military events from Rushworth. [1081] Dunsford, _Histor. Memoirs of Tiverton_. Harding, _Hist. of Tiverton_. [1082] Rushworth. Moore, _Hist. of Devonshire_, I. 149. [1083] Beesley’s _Hist. of Banbury_, p. 387. [1084] In Somers’s _Tracts_. Scott’s ed. V. 294. [1085] Sykes. [1086] Clarendon, referring to a proposed Royal visit to Bristol in April says: “The plague began to break out there very much for the time of the year.” [1087] _Cal. State Papers._ [1088] Rushworth. [1089] _Letters and Speeches_, I. [1090] Seyer’s _Memorials of Bristol_, II. 466. [1091] Whitaker, _History of Leeds_, p. 75. [1092] Harwood, _Hist. of Lichfield_, p. 306. [1093] Pordage’s translation of Willis’s _Remaining Works_, p. 131. [1094] Nichols, III. 893. [1095] Cornelius Brown, _Annals of Newark_. London, 1879, p. 164. [1096] _Ibid._ [1097] _Notes and Queries_, 6th ser., III. 477. [1098] Rushworth. [1099] _Histor. MSS. Com._ XI. 7, p. 190. [1100] _Ibid._ IX. 1, p. 201. [1101] _Hist. of Carlisle_, 1838. [1102] Chambers, _Domestic Annals of Scotland_. [1103] Baillie’s _Letters_. 3 vols. Edited by D. Laing for the Bannatyne Club. [1104] Kennedy, _Annals of Aberdeen_, I. 270 (expenses of the epidemic from the Council Register, vol. LIII. p. 130). [1105] Hemingway, Ormerod. _The Report of the Hist. MSS. Commission_ (V. 339) notes that Dr Cowper’s MS. contains details of 2,099 deaths, but reproduces none of them. [1106] _Hist. MSS. Commiss._ V. 342. [1107] Owen and Blakeway. [1108] Rushworth, Pt. 4, vol. II., pp. 1100, 1109. [1109] _Annals of Ireland_ by Clyn and Dowling, Dean Butler’s notes pp. 64, 65 (ref. to Carte’s _Life of the Duke of Ormonde_). [1110] _Cal. State Papers._ [1111] The weekly bills of mortality for Dublin, July 20--Aug. 2, 1662, showed only 14 baptisms and 20 burials in ten parishes; but these can hardly have been all the births and deaths in the city. [1112] Smith’s _Cork_, vol. II. from Cox MSS. [1113] _Cal. S. P._ Sept. 21, 1650. [1114] H. Whitmore, M.D. _Febris Anomala; or the New Disease that now rageth throughout England, with a brief description of the Disease which this Spring most infested London._ London, 1659 (4 November). [1115] _Hist. MSS. Commission_, X. pt. 4, p. 106. [1116] Willis, _Diatribae duae_. Hagae, 1659. [1117] _Pyretologia._ 2 vols. London, 1692-4. Appendix to 1st volume, p. 415. [1118] Sent to _Notes and Queries_, 1st ser. XII. 281, by Mr H. Hucks Gibbs. [1119] _Hist. MSS. Commiss._ V. 146 (Sutherland letters). [1120] Greenhill’s edition (Sydenham Society, 1844), pp. 37, 93, 95-98. [1121] Purchas, _His Pilgrimes_. 4 vols., folio. London, 1625, vol. I.