Myths of the Cherokee by James Mooney

93. THE UNSEEN HELPERS

1293 words  |  Chapter 120

Ganogwioeoñ, a war chief of the Seneca, led a party against the Cherokee. When they came near the first town he left his men outside and went in alone. At the first house he found an old woman and her granddaughter. They did not see him, and he went into the âsi and hid himself under some wood. When darkness came on he heard the old woman say, "Maybe Ganogwioeoñ is near; I'll close the door." After a while he heard them going to bed. When he thought they were asleep he went into the house. The fire had burned down low, but the girl was still awake and saw him. She was about to scream, when he said, "I am Ganogwioeoñ. If you scream I'll kill you. If you keep quiet I'll not hurt you." They talked together, and he told her that in the morning she must bring the chief's daughter to him. She promised to do it, and told him where he should wait. Just before daylight he left the house. In the morning the girl went to the chief's house and said to his daughter, "Let's go out together for wood." The chief's daughter got ready and went with her, and when they came to the place where Ganogwioeoñ was hiding he sprang out and killed her, but did not hurt the other girl. He pulled off the scalp and gave such a loud scalp yell that all the warriors in the town heard it and came running out after him. He shook the scalp at them and then turned and ran. He killed the first one that came up, but when he tried to shoot the next one the bow broke and the Cherokee got him. They tied him and carried him to the two women of the tribe who had the power to decide what should be done with him. Each of these women had two snakes tattooed on her lips, with their heads opposite each other, in such a way that when she opened her mouth the two snakes opened their mouths also. They decided to burn the soles of his feet until they were blistered, then to put grains of corn under the skin and to chase him with clubs until they had beaten him to death. They stripped him and burnt his feet. Then they tied a bark rope around his waist, with an old man to hold the other end, and made him run between two lines of people, and with clubs in their hands. When they gave the word to start Ganogwioeoñ pulled the rope away from the old man and broke through the line and ran until he had left them all out of sight. When night came he crawled into a hollow log. He was naked and unarmed, with his feet in a pitiful condition, and thought he could never get away. He heard footsteps on the leaves outside and thought his enemies were upon him. The footsteps came up to the log and some one said to another, "This is our friend." Then the stranger said to Ganogwioeoñ, "You think you are the same as dead; but it is not so. We will take care of you. Stick out your feet." He put out his feet from the log and felt something licking them. After a while the voice said, "I think we have licked his feet enough. Now we must crawl inside the log and lie on each side of him to keep him warm." They crawled in beside him. In the morning they crawled out and told him to stick out his feet again. They licked them again and then said to him, "Now we have done all we can do this time. Go on until you come to the place where you made a bark shelter a long time ago, and under the bark you will find something to help you." Ganogwioeoñ crawled out of the log, but they were gone. His feet were better now and he could walk comfortably. He went on until about noon, when he came to the bark shelter, and under it he found a knife, an awl, and a flint, that his men had hidden there two years before. He took them and started on again. Toward evening he looked around until he found another hollow tree and crawled into it to sleep. At night he heard the footsteps and voices again. When he put out his feet again, as the strangers told him to do, they licked his feet as before and then crawled in and lay down on each side of him to keep him warm. Still he could not see them. In the morning after they went out they licked his feet again and said to him, "At noon you will find food." Then they went away. Ganogwioeoñ crawled out of the tree and went on. At noon he came to a burning log, and near it was a dead bear, which was still warm, as if it had been killed only a short time before. He skinned the bear and found it very fat. He cut up the meat and roasted as much as he could eat or carry. While it was roasting he scraped the skin and rubbed rotten wood dust on it to clean it until he was tired. When night came he lay down to sleep. He heard the steps and the voices again and one said, "Well, our friend is lying down. He has plenty to eat, and it does not seem as if he is going to die. Let us lick his feet again." When they had finished they said to him, "You need not worry any more now. You will get home all right." Before it was day they left him. When morning came he put the bearskin around him like a shirt, with the hair outside, and started on again, taking as much of the meat as he could carry. That night his friends came to him again. They said, "Your feet are well, but you will be cold," so they lay again on each side of him. Before daylight they left, saying, "About noon you will find something to wear." He went on and about midday he came to two young bears just killed. He skinned them and dressed the skins, then roasted as much meat as he wanted and lay down to sleep. In the morning he made leggings of the skins, took some of the meat, and started on. His friends came again the next night and told him that in the morning he would come upon something else to wear. As they said, about noon he found two fawns just killed. He turned the skins and made himself a pair of moccasins, then cut some of the meat, and traveled on until evening, when he made a fire and had supper. That night again he heard the steps and voices, and one said, "My friend, very soon now you will reach home safely and find your friends all well. Now we will tell you why we have helped you. Whenever you went hunting you always gave the best part of the meat to us and kept only the smallest part for yourself. For that we are thankful and help you. In the morning you will see us and know who we are." In the morning when he woke up they were still there--two men as he thought--but after he had said the last words to them and started on, he turned again to look, and one was a white wolf and the other a black wolf. That day he reached home.--Arranged from Curtin, Seneca manuscript.

Chapters

1. Chapter 1 2. 13. The Great Yellow-jacket: Origin of fish and 3. 14. The Deluge 261 4. 32. Origin of the Groundhog dance: The Groundhog's 5. 34. The Wolf's revenge: The Wolf and the Dog 280 6. 48. The Hunter and the Buzzard 294 7. 62. The Katydid's warning 311 8. 87. The water cannibals 349 9. 111. The mounds and the constant fire: The old 10. 126. Plant lore 420 11. 2. Ancient Iroquois wampum belts 354 12. 1. Be it known this day, That the various clans or tribes which 13. 2. The aforesaid clans or tribes have also agreed that if, in 14. 3. If a man have a horse stolen, and overtake the thief, and should 15. 1813. Jackson commanded in person with two thousand infantry and 16. 1817. They viewed with jealous and aching hearts all attempts to drive 17. 1817. [259] 18. 1836. [315] 19. 770. [382] These immigrants settled chiefly along the Verdigris, in the 20. 1840. He asserted that it was a translation of a manuscript in the 21. 1525. As these voyages were not followed up by permanent occupation 22. 1750. Ancient mining indications are also reported from Kings mountain, 23. 1779. Soon after in the same year he led a preliminary exploration 24. episode); author's personal information. 25. 1776. Important treaties were made here with the Cherokee in 1785, 26. 1859. Having removed to Vermont with his father while still a child, 27. introduction into the Nation of schoolmasters, blacksmiths, mechanics, 28. 1. HOW THE WORLD WAS MADE 29. 2. THE FIRST FIRE 30. 3. KANA'TI AND SELU: THE ORIGIN OF GAME AND CORN 31. 4. ORIGIN OF DISEASE AND MEDICINE 32. 5. THE DAUGHTER OF THE SUN 33. 6. HOW THEY BROUGHT BACK THE TOBACCO 34. 7. THE JOURNEY TO THE SUNRISE 35. 8. THE MOON AND THE THUNDERS. 36. 9. WHAT THE STARS ARE LIKE 37. 10. ORIGIN OF THE PLEIADES AND THE PINE 38. 11. THE MILKY WAY 39. 12. ORIGIN OF STRAWBERRIES 40. 13. THE GREAT YELLOW-JACKET: ORIGIN OF FISH AND FROGS 41. 14. THE DELUGE 42. 15. THE FOURFOOTED TRIBES 43. 16. THE RABBIT GOES DUCK HUNTING 44. 17. HOW THE RABBIT STOLE THE OTTER'S COAT 45. 18. WHY THE POSSUM'S TAIL IS BARE 46. 19. HOW THE WILDCAT CAUGHT THE GOBBLER 47. 20. HOW THE TERRAPIN BEAT THE RABBIT 48. 21. THE RABBIT AND THE TAR WOLF 49. 22. THE RABBIT AND THE POSSUM AFTER A WIFE 50. 23. THE RABBIT DINES THE BEAR 51. 24. THE RABBIT ESCAPES FROM THE WOLVES 52. 25. FLINT VISITS THE RABBIT 53. 26. HOW THE DEER GOT HIS HORNS 54. 27. WHY THE DEER'S TEETH ARE BLUNT 55. 28. WHAT BECAME OF THE RABBIT 56. 29. WHY THE MINK SMELLS 57. 30. WHY THE MOLE LIVES UNDERGROUND 58. 31. THE TERRAPIN'S ESCAPE FROM THE WOLVES 59. 32. ORIGIN OF THE GROUNDHOG DANCE: THE GROUNDHOG'S HEAD 60. 33. THE MIGRATION OF THE ANIMALS 61. 34. THE WOLF'S REVENGE--THE WOLF AND THE DOG 62. 35. THE BIRD TRIBES 63. 36. THE BALL GAME OF THE BIRDS AND ANIMALS 64. 37. HOW THE TURKEY GOT HIS BEARD 65. 38. WHY THE TURKEY GOBBLES 66. 39. HOW THE KINGFISHER GOT HIS BILL 67. 40. HOW THE PARTRIDGE GOT HIS WHISTLE 68. 41. HOW THE REDBIRD GOT HIS COLOR 69. 42. THE PHEASANT BEATING CORN; ORIGIN OF THE PHEASANT DANCE 70. 43. THE RACE BETWEEN THE CRANE AND THE HUMMINGBIRD 71. 44. THE OWL GETS MARRIED 72. 45. THE HUHU GETS MARRIED 73. 46. WHY THE BUZZARD'S HEAD IS BARE 74. 47. THE EAGLE'S REVENGE 75. 48. THE HUNTER AND THE BUZZARD 76. 49. THE SNAKE TRIBE 77. 50. THE UKTENA AND THE ULÛÑSÛ'TI 78. 51. ÂGAN-UNI'TSI'S SEARCH FOR THE UKTENA 79. 52. THE RED MAN AND THE UKTENA 80. 53. THE HUNTER AND THE UKSU'HI 81. 54. THE USTÛ'TLI 82. 55. THE UW'TSÛÑ'TA 83. 56. THE SNAKE BOY 84. 57. THE SNAKE MAN 85. 58. THE RATTLESNAKE'S VENGEANCE 86. 59. THE SMALLER REPTILES--FISHES AND INSECTS 87. 60. WHY THE BULLFROG'S HEAD IS STRIPED 88. 61. THE BULLFROG LOVER 89. 62. THE KATYDID'S WARNING 90. 63. ÛÑTSAIYI', THE GAMBLER 91. 64. THE NEST OF THE TLA'NUWA 92. 65. THE HUNTER AND THE TLA'NUWA 93. 66. U`TLÛÑ'TA, THE SPEAR-FINGER 94. 67. NÛÑ'YUNU'WI, THE STONE MAN 95. 68. THE HUNTER IN THE DAKWA' 96. 69. ATAGÂ'HI, THE ENCHANTED LAKE 97. 70. THE BRIDE FROM THE SOUTH 98. 71. THE ICE MAN 99. 72. THE HUNTER AND SELU 100. 73. THE UNDERGROUND PANTHERS 101. 74. THE TSUNDIGE'WI 102. 75. ORIGIN OF THE BEAR: THE BEAR SONGS 103. 76. THE BEAR MAN 104. 77. THE GREAT LEECH OF TLANUSI'YI 105. 78. THE NÛÑNE'HI AND OTHER SPIRIT FOLK 106. 79. THE REMOVED TOWNHOUSES 107. 80. THE SPIRIT DEFENDERS OF NIKWASI' 108. 81. TSUL`KALÛ', THE SLANT-EYED GIANT 109. 82. KANA'STA, THE LOST SETTLEMENT 110. 83. TSUWE'NAHI: A LEGEND OF PILOT KNOB 111. 84. THE MAN WHO MARRIED THE THUNDER'S SISTER 112. 85. THE HAUNTED WHIRLPOOL 113. 86. YAHULA 114. 87. THE WATER CANNIBALS 115. 88. FIRST CONTACT WITH WHITES 116. 89. THE IROQUOIS WARS 117. 90. HIADEONI, THE SENECA 118. 91. THE TWO MOHAWKS 119. 92. ESCAPE OF THE SENECA BOYS 120. 93. THE UNSEEN HELPERS 121. 94. HATCINOÑDOÑ'S ESCAPE FROM THE CHEROKEE 122. 95. HEMP-CARRIER 123. 96. THE SENECA PEACEMAKERS 124. 97. ORIGIN OF THE YONTOÑWISAS DANCE 125. 98. GA'NA'S ADVENTURES AMONG THE CHEROKEE 126. 99. THE SHAWANO WARS 127. 100. THE RAID ON TIKWALI'TSI 128. 101. THE LAST SHAWANO INVASION 129. 102. THE FALSE WARRIORS OF CHILHOWEE 130. 103. COWEE TOWN 131. 104. THE EASTERN TRIBES 132. 105. THE SOUTHERN AND WESTERN TRIBES 133. 1819. Still another may have existed at one time on Tuskegee creek, 134. 106. THE GIANTS FROM THE WEST 135. 107. THE LOST CHEROKEE 136. 108. THE MASSACRE OF THE ANI'-KUTA'NI 137. 109. THE WAR MEDICINE 138. 110. INCIDENTS OF PERSONAL HEROISM 139. 111. THE MOUNDS AND THE CONSTANT FIRE: THE OLD SACRED THINGS 140. 112. THE IGNORANT HOUSEKEEPER 141. 113. THE MAN IN THE STUMP 142. 114. TWO LAZY HUNTERS 143. 115. THE TWO OLD MEN 144. 116. THE STAR FEATHERS 145. 117. THE MOTHER BEAR'S SONG 146. 118. BABY SONG, TO PLEASE THE CHILDREN 147. 119. WHEN BABIES ARE BORN: THE WREN AND THE CRICKET 148. 120. THE RAVEN MOCKER 149. 121. HERBERT'S SPRING 150. 122. LOCAL LEGENDS OF NORTH CAROLINA 151. 123. LOCAL LEGENDS OF SOUTH CAROLINA 152. 124. LOCAL LEGENDS OF TENNESSEE 153. 1848. So far as is known there was no Cherokee settlement at the place, 154. 125. LOCAL LEGENDS OF GEORGIA 155. 1775. There is some reason for believing that it refers to a former 156. 126. PLANT LORE 157. 1. How the world was made (p. 239): From decay of the old tradition 158. 2. The first fire (p. 240): This myth was obtained from Swimmer 159. 3. Kana'ti and Selu: Origin of corn and game (p. 242): This story 160. 4. Origin of disease and medicine (p. 250): This myth was obtained 161. 5. The Daughter of the Sun: Origin of death (p. 252): This is one 162. 6. How they brought back the tobacco (p. 254): The first version of 163. 7. The journey to the sunrise (p. 255): This story, obtained 164. 8. The Moon and the Thunders (p. 256): The story of the sun and the 165. 9. What the stars are like (p. 257): This story, told by Swimmer, 166. 10. Origin of the Pleiades and the pine (p. 258): This myth is well 167. 11. The Milky Way (p. 259): This story, in slightly different forms, 168. 12. Origin of strawberries (p. 259): This myth, as here given, was 169. 13. The Great Yellow-jacket: Origin of fish and frogs (p. 260): This 170. 14. The Deluge (p. 261): This story is given by Schoolcraft in his 171. 15. The four-footed tribes (p. 261): No essential difference--"I have 172. 16. The Rabbit goes duck hunting (p. 266): This story was heard from 173. 17. How the Rabbit stole the Otter's coat (p. 267): This story is well 174. 18. Why the Possum's tail is bare (p. 269): This story was heard from 175. 19. How the Wildcat caught the Gobbler (p. 269): This story was heard 176. 20. How the Terrapin beat the Rabbit (p. 270): This story was 177. 21. The Rabbit and the tar wolf (p. 271): This story was obtained in 178. 22. The Rabbit and the Possum after a wife (p. 273): This specimen 179. 23. The Rabbit dines the Bear (p. 273): This favorite story with 180. 24. The Rabbit escapes from the wolves (p. 274): This story was 181. 25. Flint visits the Rabbit (p. 274): This story was told in slightly 182. 26. How the Deer got his horns (p. 275): This story was heard from 183. 27. Why the Deer's teeth are blunt (p. 276): This story follows the 184. 28. What became of the Rabbit (p. 277): This version was obtained 185. 30. Why the Mole lives underground (p. 277): This story, from John Ax, 186. 31. The Terrapin's escape from the Wolves (p. 278): This story, 187. 32. Origin of the Groundhog dance (p. 279): This story is from 188. 33. The migration of the animals (p. 280): This little story is given 189. 34. The Wolf's revenge: The Wolf and the Dog (p. 280): These short 190. 35. The bird tribes (p. 280): The eagle killer--Of the Southern 191. 36. The ball game of the birds and animals (p. 286): This is one 192. 37. How the Turkey got his beard (p. 287): This story is well known 193. 38. Why the Turkey gobbles (p. 288): This story was first heard 194. 39. How the Kingfisher got his bill (p. 288): The first version is 195. 40. How the Partridge got his whistle (p. 289): This little story is 196. 41. How the Redbird got his color (p. 289): This short story was 197. 42. The Pheasant beating corn: The Pheasant dance (p. 290): The first 198. 43. The race between the Crane and the Hummingbird (p. 290): This story 199. 44. The Owl gets married (p. 291): Told by Swimmer. The three owls 200. 45. The Huhu gets married (p. 292): This story was heard at different 201. 46. Why the Buzzard's head is bare (p. 293): This story was told 202. 47. The Eagle's revenge (p. 293): This story, told by John Ax, 203. 48. The Hunter and the Buzzard (p. 294): Told by Swimmer. The custom 204. 49. The snake tribe (p. 294): Rattlesnake--The custom of asking 205. 50. The Uktena and the Ûlûñsû'ti (p. 297): The belief in the great 206. 51. Âgan-uni'tsi's search for the Uktena (p. 248): This is one of 207. 52. The Red Man and the Uktena (p. 300): This story was obtained from 208. 53. The Hunter and the Uksu'hi (p. 301): This story was told by Swimmer 209. 54. The Ustû'tli (p. 302): This story was told by Swimmer and John Ax 210. 55. The Uw`tsûñ'ta (p. 303): This story was obtained from James 211. 56. The Snake Boy (p. 304): This myth was told by Swimmer. 212. 57. The Snake Man (p. 304): This myth, obtained from Chief Smith, 213. 58. The Rattlesnake's vengeance (p. 305): This story, told by Swimmer, 214. 59. The smaller reptiles, fishes, and insects (p. 306): 215. 60. Why the Bullfrog's head is striped (p. 310): The first version is 216. 61. The Bullfrog lover (p. 310): The first amusing little tale was 217. 63. Ûñtsaiyi', the Gambler (p. 311): This story was obtained from 218. 64. The nest of the Tla'nuwa (p. 315): This story was obtained first 219. 65. The hunter and the Tla'nuwa (p. 316): This myth was told by 220. 66. U`tlûñ'ta, the Spear-finger (p. 316): This is one of the most 221. 67. Nûñyunu'wi, the Stone Man (p. 319): This myth, although obtained 222. 68. The hunter in the Dakwa'--This story was told by Swimmer and 223. 69. Atagâ'hi, the enchanted lake (p. 321): This story was heard 224. 70. The bride from the south (p. 322): This unique allegory was heard 225. 71. The Ice Man (p. 322): This story, told by Swimmer, may be a veiled 226. 72. The Hunter and Selu (p. 323): The explanation of this story, 227. 73. The Underground Panthers (p. 324): This story was told by John 228. 74. The Tsundige'wi (p. 325): This curious story was told by Swimmer 229. 75. Origin of the Bear (p. 325): This story was told by Swimmer, 230. 76. The Bear Man (p. 327): This story was obtained first from 231. 77. The Great Leech of Tlanusi'yi (p. 329): This legend was heard 232. 78. The Nûñne'hi and other spirit folk (p. 330): The belief in fairies 233. 79. The removed townhouses (p. 335): The first of these stories 234. 80. The spirit defenders of Nikwasi' (p. 336): This story was obtained 235. 81. Tsul`kalû', the slant-eyed giant (p. 337): The story of Tsul`kalû' 236. 82. Kana'sta, the lost settlement (p. 341): This story, obtained 237. 83. Tsuwe'nahi, a legend of Pilot knob (p. 343): This story, from 238. 84. The man who married the Thunder's sister (p. 345): This story was 239. 85. The haunted whirlpool (p. 347): This legend was related by an 240. 86. Yahula (p. 347): This fine myth was obtained in the Territory 241. 87. The water cannibals (p. 349): This story was obtained from Swimmer 242. 88. First contact with whites (p. 350): The story of the jug of 243. 89. The Iroquois wars (p. 351): The Iroquois league--The Iroquois 244. 90. Hiadeoni, the Seneca (p. 356): Of this story Schoolcraft says: 245. 92. Escape of the Seneca boys (p. 359): The manuscript notes from 246. 93. The Unseen Helpers (p. 359): The meaning of the Seneca name can 247. 94. Hatcinoñdoñ's escape from the Cherokee (p. 362): The Seneca name 248. 95. Hemp-carrier (p. 364): This story of the old wars was obtained 249. 96. The Seneca peacemakers (p. 365): This story was told to Schoolcraft 250. 97. Origin of the Yontoñwisas dance (p. 365): This is evidently the 251. 98. Ga'na's adventures among the Cherokee (p. 367): This story, 252. 99. The Shawano wars (p. 370): The chief authority as to the expulsion 253. 93. There are also a few scattered among other tribes. For detailed 254. 100. The raid on Tikwali'tsi (p. 374): Swimmer, from whom this story 255. 101. The last Shawano invasion (p. 374): This story also is from 256. 102. The false warriors of Chilhowee (p. 375): This story was given 257. 104. The eastern tribes (p. 378): Delaware--The Delawares derive 258. 105. The southern and western tribes (p. 382): The Creek 259. 1692. They probably joined the Creeks about the same time as their 260. 1845. In 1898 the citizen population of the Creek Nation numbered 261. 1808. In 1825 they ceded all their claims in Missouri and Arkansas, 262. 106. The Giants from the west (p. 391): This may be an exaggerated 263. 107. The lost Cherokee (p. 391): This tradition as here given is taken 264. part 1, and The Last of Our Cannibals, in Harper's Magazine, August, 265. 108. The massacre of the Ani'-Kuta'ni (p. 392): Swimmer, Ta'gwadihi', 266. 109. The war medicine (p. 393): The first two paragraphs are from 267. 110. Incidents of personal heroism (p. 394): The incident of the 268. 111. The mounds and the constant fire: The old sacred things (p. 395): 269. 116. The star feathers (p. 399): This story was obtained from John 270. 117. The mother bear's song (p. 400): The first of these songs was 271. 118. Baby song, to please the children (p. 401): This song is well 272. 119. When babies are born: The wren and the cricket (p. 401): These 273. 120. The Raven Mocker (p. 401): The grewsome belief in the "Raven 274. 121. Herbert's spring (p. 403): The subject of this old trader's 275. 126. Plant lore (p. 420): For ceremonies, prayers, and precautions used 276. 381. The name is not connected with gi`li, dog. 277. 1810. See page 86. 278. 1795. See page 79. The literal Cherokee translation of "Long-hair" 279. 1730. Both the correct form and the meaning of the name are uncertain; 280. 4. Tahlequah, established as the capital of the Cherokee Nation, 281. 1. An ancient settlement on the upper part of Tallulah river, in 282. 2. another was on the north bank of Tennessee river, just below 283. 1830. See page 141. 284. 124. Before the establishment of the town the place was known to 285. 13. The word signifies "leader," "boss," or "principal one," and 286. 63. The common word is wude'ligûñ'yi, q. v., while the term in the 287. 1832. The treaty is not mentioned by the Tennessee historians. 288. 1880. Pickett says Jackson had "767 men, with 200 friendly Indians"; 289. 1834. The volume of Cherokee laws, compiled in the Cherokee language 290. 1823. From a contemporary reference in Rivers, South Carolina, page

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