1856. In 1857 he removed to Toronto, Ontario, being employed by Paterson

& Sons, hardware merchants of that city. Relinquishing this position in 1858, he returned to New Brunswick, and commenced farming at Maugerville, Sunbury county, in partnership with his brother, the late George A. Sterling (who was elected a member of the Provincial legislature for the county of Sunbury, at the general election of 1882, but who died in October, 1883.) From 1864 to 1867 he represented the parish of Maugerville in the municipal council of the county of Sunbury, but during the latter year he removed to Fredericton, where he opened a general store, which was carried on for fifteen years, and in the year 1883 this was merged into a wholesale flour business, in which trade he is now successfully employed. He was married on the 12th of August, 1869, to Sarah Haws, daughter of John Haws, ship-builder, of Portland, St. John, N.B., and there have been six children issue of this marriage. Living in the cathedral city of his province he is a staunch member of the Episcopal church. He has been an energetic worker in the educational, parochial and municipal affairs, having been appointed a member of the Board of School Trustees for the city of Fredericton, in 1875, and also high sheriff for the county of York, in 1883, both of which offices he now holds. For a number of years he was connected with the temperance movement, and was an active member of the Order of the Sons of Temperance, and held the office of grand worthy patriarch for the province of New Brunswick, in 1876. * * * * * =Torey, Edgar J.=, formerly Principal of the Hants County Academy at Windsor, N.S., is a native of Guysborough, N.S., where he was born about twenty-seven years ago. He attended the grammar school in his native town and studied with such diligence that at a very early age he passed the examination held under the Council of Public Instruction for grade B, or first-class male teacher’s diploma. He began to teach at the age of fifteen, and has since, with intervals of study, pursued that employment. He has taught in Amherst town, Hantsport, Hants Co., and in various other important schools in the province. Feeling the need of a thorough classical education, Mr. Torey availed himself of the advantages offered to gentlemen in the teaching profession by Dalhousie College, Halifax, N.S. He, like many other teachers, taught during the summer months and attended lectures in Dalhousie during the winter term, lasting from November to April. Pursuing this course for some years with success he took his degree of B.A. in 1882. He then took charge of the Victoria County Academy for one year, at the end of which period he resigned the principalship to accept a similar position in Guysborough, and won the encomiums of all with whom he came into contact, for careful and thorough teaching. In October, in the year 1884, the position of Principal in the Hants County Academy at Windsor, worth $850 a year, falling vacant, Mr. Torey applied for the situation and was selected from among a number of other applicants. The public schools were established in Windsor in the autumn of 1866, and now number eight departments. The position of Principal has been held by such educationists as S. S. Fisk; James Forrest, M.A.; J. L. Brown; Dr. Emdon Fritz; John F. Godfrey, B.A., and H. Elliott. The schools are thoroughly graded from the primary department and kindergarten up to the academy, which draws a special government allowance. A three years’ course is followed in the academy, embracing the classics and French, physics and the higher mathematics, and chemistry. The Principal, in addition to his labors in these branches and in preparing students for the matriculation examinations at the various provincial colleges, has a great deal of work to do in preparing and discussing questions for examination in the grading of all the schools. He also has a general supervision of the schools. The school is periodically visited by the county inspector, C. W. Roscoe, an experienced teacher, and also by Dr. David Allison, superintendent of education. Mr. Torey conducted the school with much success, and has fitted several students for college. After holding the position of Principal for three years he decided to adopt the profession of medicine as a permanent employment. His pupils heard of his approaching resignation with regret, and presented him with a valuable and handsome gold-headed cane, accompanied with an address. He resigned his position in October, 1887, and repaired to the University of New York, in the medical department of which he is preparing himself for his life work in the healing profession. He has the advantage of studying in one of the best equipped medical colleges in America, and one from which have graduated some of our best provincial medicos. He is pursuing his studies with great success and is very popular among his fellow-students. * * * * * =Blackadar, Hugh William=, Postmaster of the City of Halifax, Nova Scotia, was born at Halifax, March 4th, 1843. He is son of Hugh William Blackadar, proprietor and publisher of the _Acadian Recorder_, and Sophia Coleman. Educated under George Munro (now millionaire publisher of New York), then rector of the Free Church Academy, Halifax. He early in life took an active part in the conduct of the _Acadian Recorder_, and on the death of his father, June 13th, 1863, assumed the management of that journal, which he enlarged from a weekly to a tri-weekly, and subsequently to a daily. In 1864 Mr. Blackadar joined the volunteers, and subsequently held the rank of lieutenant in the third brigade Halifax artillery. He is a member of the Halifax Yacht Club. He was elected an alderman for Ward 4 in 1867, and was re-elected in 1870, serving altogether six years. Represented the city of Halifax as co-delegate with Mayor Stephen Tobin at the railroad convention held at Portland, Me., in 1868, and was one of the secretaries of the convention. In 1869 he was made magistrate for the city and county of Halifax; was a member of the Halifax Board of School Commissioners for five years from the reconstruction of that body in 1868; was appointed Queen’s printer of the province in 1869, and held that position under the Vail-Annand and Hill administrations till 1875. He was appointed postmaster of the city of Halifax Nov. 5th, 1874, by the Dominion government, which office he now holds. In religion he belongs to the Baptist denomination. He married, May 29th, 1866, Rachel Saxton, of Halifax. * * * * * =Plumb, Hon. Josiah Burr=, Speaker of the Senate of Canada. The country lost, by the sudden death of Senator Plumb, at Niagara, on the 12th of March, 1888, a gentleman possessed of excellent qualities as a man and as a politician. He was born on the 25th March, 1816, at East Haven, Connecticut, United States, where his father, an Episcopal clergyman, had charge of a parish. In 1845 he came to Canada, married a daughter of the late Samuel Street, and took up his residence at Niagara. For many years he lived in retirement, ample means rendering it unnecessary that he should take part in business, and it was not until 1874 that he turned his attention actively to politics. At that time Sir John Macdonald was passing through he darkest period of his political career, and it was more out of a chivalrous regard for the fallen leader than from any desire to achieve honors for himself that Mr. Plumb threw himself into the fight. In parliament and on the platform he was a most effective worker. He never for a moment spared himself, nor did he despair of success, though the outlook for his party and his leader up to the very day of the election in 1878 was never very bright. After that victory it was thought the indefatigable member for Niagara would receive for his services some recognition; but at that time this was not to be. Mr. Plumb continued to serve as a follower, and even consented in 1882 to the extinction, under the Redistribution Act, of the borough for which he sat. Having thus been legislated out of Niagara, he ran at the general election in the same year for North Wellington in the Conservative interest; but owing in part to the late hour at which he accepted the candidature, and in part to the personal popularity of his opponent, he suffered defeat. In the following year he was called to the Senate. As a senator he certainly made his mark. He brought to his task in that body a ripe parliamentary experience, a well-stored mind, and great fluency of speech. So highly appreciated was he by the ministerialists in the Senate and by the government that on the occasion of the withdrawal of Sir Alexander Campbell from the government, and pending the selection of a successor, he was asked to take charge of government measures in that chamber. The duty imposed upon him, it is hardly necessary to say, was performed most acceptably. Mr. Plumb’s elevation to the speakership of the Senate took place immediately after the general election of 1887. His wide information, dignified bearing, and fine social qualities made him a model president of the Upper House. Yet he has departed, as he might well have wished to do, full of years and honors. [For a more extended record of Mr. Plumb’s career, see the first series of this work.] * * * * * =Peterson, Peter Alexander=, Civil Engineer, Montreal, member of the Institution of Civil Engineers, member of the American Society Civil Engineers, and member of the Council Canadian Society Civil Engineers, was born on 8th November, 1839, at Niagara Falls, province of Ontario. He is the eldest son of William Lounsberry Peterson and Susan Macmicking. Both his parents were descended from United Empire loyalist families who came to Canada on the conclusion of the American war, having sacrificed their property in the cause of the mother country, and were granted large tracts of land in Upper Canada. His maternal grandfather, the late Major John Macmicking, descended from the old Scotch family of Macmicking, of Miltonise and Killanbrougham, in the county of Wigton, was an ultra loyalist of the old Tory school. He fought in all the battles of 1812 on the Niagara frontier, and was wounded at Lundy’s Lane and Chippewa, and carried two bullets in his body till his death in 1863. He was out again in 1837, on the Tory side, raising a troop of cavalry which he commanded. Mr. Peterson was educated partly at a common school in Stamford, and partly by private tuition, preparatory to entering the Toronto University in the engineering course. He was articled, in 1859, to Mr. Thomas C. Keefer, C.M.G., member of the Institution of Civil Engineers, and remained with him as a student and assistant till May, 1867, during which time he was engaged upon the Hamilton & Port Dover Railway, the Hamilton waterworks, a survey for the Georgian Bay Canal through the county of Ontario, and upon the construction of several large dams upon the Grand River at Paris and Brantford, besides having charge of the Toronto office, doing a general consulting engineering practice. In the spring of 1867 he accepted a position on the Great Western Railway of Canada, and in the autumn of the same year was offered the position of resident engineer on the New York, Oswego and Midland Railway, with charge from Oswego to Oneida, where he remained till March, 1868, when he was offered a position on the Intercolonial Railway surveys. He was appointed resident on construction of this railway for contract number 15 at Bathurst, where he remained till September, 1872, when he resigned to accept the position of chief engineer of the Toronto waterworks, to carry out the scheme recommended by Messrs. T. C. Keefer and E. S. Chesborough, the consulting engineers for these works. In September, 1875, before the water-works were completed, Mr. Peterson was offered by the DeBoucherville government, who had undertaken the construction of the railways from Quebec to Montreal and from Montreal to Ottawa, the position of chief engineer of these lines, which offer he accepted, arranging with the Toronto water-works commissioners to retain charge of the works till their completion, and with the government to hold the two positions conjointly. Mr. Peterson removed to Montreal in October, 1875, but retained charge of the water-works in Toronto till the end of 1877, when the works were completed, $2,000,000 having been expended upon them. Mr. Peterson had to encounter more than the usual amount of criticism during the early days of his official service in Toronto, but after the election of January, 1874, when his principal opponents were defeated, the hostile criticism ceased, and the general opinion prevailed that he had carried out the duties entrusted to him in a faithful, efficient and satisfactory manner. His career in the service of the Quebec government, terminated in September, 1881, when he resigned to accept the position of chief engineer of the St. Lawrence bridge, which was about to be built by the Canadian Pacific Railway Company. During the debate in the Legislative Assembly of Quebec on the bill to authorize the construction of the Chaudière Bridge, the premier, the Hon. Mr. Chapleau, in moving the second reading of the measure, asked the house to let it go through without opposition, on account of the extreme urgency of at once letting the contract. The government had had great difficulty in making a choice between the three lowest bidders. Each of the contractors had offered advantages, and their offers had been most carefully weighed from every point of view, and from an engineering point as well, and Clarke, Reeves & Co.’s had been found the most advantageous. In this opinion he was confirmed by Mr. Peterson, chief engineer, to whose character, carefulness and skill he was bound to testify most fully; and that his opinion of Mr. Peterson’s engineering reputation was further confirmed by the fact that his original estimates for the cost of the whole bridge had been in every case reduced instead of, as is usual in such cases, largely exceeded. Hon. Mr. Joly consented most willingly to the second reading of the bill, and complimented the premier on his frankness. He alluded to the current rumor of favoritism in awarding the contract to Clarke, Reeves & Co., but he declined to entertain the idea that the government was actuated by any improper motives in awarding the contract to this firm, although their tender was not the lowest. He then instanced the excellent character and rapid construction of their work, and the special advantages they were ready to afford; and said he had every confidence in Mr. Peterson, and endorsed all the Hon. Mr. Chapleau had said respecting him. Hon. Mr. Chapleau then thanked Hon. Mr. Joly, and promised that the tenders would be submitted at once to the house. In considering the letting of the contract he had, most fortunately, had a professional adviser, upon whom he could rely—Mr. Peterson being, in fact, the strictest and most rigid of engineers. During his engagement with the Quebec government, he served under the DeBoucherville, the Joly and the Chapleau administrations, and gained the good will and confidence of them all, no party ever venturing to criticise his conduct, which, however, was furiously assailed by the contractor and his allies. On sending in his resignation to the government he was asked to withdraw it. The line between Montreal and Quebec was to be completed in October, 1877, and handed over to the government, but the contractor refused to give it up and continued to run it for his own benefit, keeping all the earnings. Two attempts were made to take possession of it, but failed. In the summer of 1878, Mr. Peterson offered to take possession of it for the government, which offer being accepted, a full power of attorney was given him to act for the Quebec government in the matter. The late Edward Carter, Q.C., was engaged with him for a considerable time in perfecting the case, and in August, Mr. Peterson, with the Hon. P. J. O. Chauveau, sheriff of Montreal, took possession of the Montreal district against a large force of men who were placed in charge of the Hochelaga and Mile End stations by the contractor, and alone retained possession against heavy odds and in spite of an injunction obtained by the contractor, which was served upon him the day before the seizure, and again while at Mile End holding a train against the will of the passengers on board of it, and the employees of the late contractor. He held the stations from noon till 10 p.m., when troops were obtained from the Dominion government to keep what had been gained. The government was so satisfied with the manner in which Mr. Peterson obtained and held possession of the railway, that he was appointed general manager. The contractor attempted through the courts, as well as by force on several other occasions, to regain possession of the line, but was defeated at every point. For taking possession of the railway in defiance of the injunction, Mr. Peterson was tried for contempt of court and found guilty, but was only required to give bail not to do so again. Between this time and his resignation, Mr. Peterson built the Chaudière bridge over the Ottawa river, just above the Chaudière rapids. He also strongly advocated the eastern entrance of the Quebec, Montreal, Ottawa & Ontario Railway into the Quebec gate barracks, as against the proposed site at the Papineau road, which had been commenced under the DeBoucherville government; and having shewed the Joly government how cheaply it could be built, got it adopted by that government, and carried it out under the Chapleau government. On entering the services of the Canadian Pacific Railway, in connection with the construction of the St. Lawrence bridge, he made surveys of various sites, and among them that recommended by the late Col. Roberts, president of the American Society of Civil Engineers, near the Lachine Rapids at Heron Island, but finally reported in favor of the Caughnawaga line, which was adopted in the winter of 1882; but nothing was done till the autumn of 1885, when contracts were let. This work was successfully carried out under Mr. Peterson’s direction during the summer of 1886, and in addition he built the St. Anne’s and Vaudreuil bridges over the Ottawa river, on the Ontario and Quebec section of the Canadian Pacific Railway. The Sault Ste. Marie Bridge was built during the summer of 1887, under Mr. Peterson’s direction, for the Sault Ste. Marie Bridge Company, which is composed of the C. P. R, the Duluth, South Shore and Atlantic R’y, and the Minneapolis, Sault Ste. Marie and Atlantic Railways. Mr. Peterson is now engineer of the Canadian Pacific Railway, in charge of the lines east of Port Arthur. * * * * * =Costigan, Hon. John=, Ottawa, Minister of Inland Revenue for the Dominion of Canada, M.P. for Victoria, New Brunswick, was born at St. Nicholas, in the province of Quebec, on February 1st, 1835, and received a sound education at the College of St. Anne’s. When his education was completed, he moved to New Brunswick, and thereafter for many years was connected with various pursuits, being at one time registrar of deeds for Victoria county, and a judge of the Inferior Court of Common Pleas for New Brunswick. At a very early age Mr. Costigan gave evidence of the solid intellectual qualities which were to become so conspicuous in after years. Above all, those who watched him closely perceived an unvarying persistency in any course which he marked out for himself. Towards 1861 several of the leading inhabitants of Victoria county decided that they would ask Mr. Costigan to offer himself as a candidate for the legislature, and he consenting to do so, was elected, and sat in the New Brunswick Legislative Assembly until 1866, when on again appealing to his constituents he failed to secure his re-election. He was during that period regarded as one of the ablest men in the house, both sides paying great deference to his opinions. At the general election after confederation he was returned to the House of Commons, and has held his seat uninterruptedly for Victoria county ever since. On May 23rd, 1882, he was sworn in a member of the Privy Council, and made minister of inland revenue, and still occupies that position. On the 20th May, 1872, Mr. Costigan moved an address in the House of Commons, praying his Excellency the Governor-General to disallow the New Brunswick School Act, on the ground “that said law is unjust and causes much uneasiness among the Roman Catholic population.” Some time before the introduction of Mr. Costigan’s resolutions, persons had gone up and down through New Brunswick declaring that the province must have a system of free, non-sectarian public schools, and children of every denomination must attend these schools, and that one and all, according to his real or personal property, would be taxed to maintain the educational system. So far this was good. The province had for many years previously made liberal grants for education, but the schools were under denominational control; there was no thorough system of inspection; no uniform course of instruction, and subjects were taught on the old fashioned parrot plan, an old teacher standing behind the educational bulwark, driving education home with a birch rod. Therefore it was a wise and progressive movement that some one set on foot to reduce this chaos of catechism and birch, and arithmetic and letters, into one harmonious, efficient and enlightened system. The new idea carried the province by storm, and then there was appointed a chief superintendent of education. To this gentleman was assigned the task of drawing up an educational chart, outlining courses of instruction, and prescribing texts. He had just the qualifications needed to carry out the will of the narrow politicians with respect to education and the Roman Catholics, and so rancorously was he disposed towards Catholicism that, it is averred, when writing a letter, he carried his hatred so far as to avoid crossing his t’s. He imagined that all priests and lay brothers were bad men, and all nuns wicked women, not fit in character or garb to teach in the public schools, therefore he drew up a regulation making it unlawful for any teacher employed in the public schools to wear any badge, garb or emblem distinctive of any denominational sect or order. This, of course, excluded nuns, lay brothers, and people of a like ecclesiastical fashion, and the liberal and high-minded proviso was characterized as “the government’s infamous millinery regulation.” Holy Church had no cause for panic when the idea of free, non-sectarian schools was at first broached, although it fidgetted and fretted itself almost out of its vestments; now it had a genuine grievance. It was when this narrow regulation had been put upon the statute-book that Mr. Costigan, a Roman Catholic, raised his voice in the House of Commons and besought parliament to interpose its hand in justice to the minority in his province. He was ably seconded by the Hon. Timothy Warren Anglin, who pleaded until he became pathetic for justice to his co-religionists. Mr. Anglin’s newspaper, the _Freeman_, week after week, was laden with complainings against the injustice of the New Brunswick legislature. It declared it was the duty of Sir John A. Macdonald’s government to interfere its authority and maintain right. Then Sir John fell under his Pacific scandal load, and the Reformers returned to power, bringing with them Mr. Anglin, whom they put in the speaker’s chair. During the first session of the new parliament, Mr. Costigan again arose and moved his resolution, which ended in these words: “That the government should advise his Excellency to disallow the Act passed by the New Brunswick legislature.” In this case Mr. Speaker Anglin’s support ended with putting the resolution. The whole country knew how he had the Roman Catholic interests at heart, but it was inexpedient now to press the matter—inexpedient of course to embarrass his government, though this was the very course that his great store of wisdom had suggested when Sir John was in office. So Mr. Costigan had to fight the battle alone. To dispose of the matter, the governor-general did not disallow the New Brunswick School Act, and it would have been a constitutional crime had he done so. Nor did Mr. Costigan desire the repeal of such portions of the law as were just; he merely sought to remove the intolerance and bigotry that disgraced the Act in the “millinery regulations.” Although the Act was not repealed, Mr. Costigan’s exertions were not without fruit, for Dr. Rand’s anti-Catholic provision was expunged, and the doctor himself, as political decency in New Brunswick increased, began to totter in his chair. At last Mr. Blair asked him to resign, and he is now back in the province, where we hope a career of usefulness shall always be open to him. Mr. Costigan’s other great act in parliament was the submission, in 1882, of “The Costigan Irish resolution,” praying that Her Majesty might grant Home Rule government to Ireland on the self-government colonial plan, likewise praying for the relief of “suspects,” and asking other ameliorations. In so far as these resolutions addressed themselves to the question of Home Rule for Ireland, history shall always applaud their author, for he was only asking for a country, dear to him by ties of race, a political condition, the success of which he has tested. But it was a pity, a sad pity, that he, and parliament behind him, should have so far forgotten themselves as to advise another country as to what she should do to offenders against her own laws. Mr. Costigan’s career has been a very able one. He is a clear-headed, firm-handed administrator, and has his department thoroughly under control. His admirers a few years ago presented him with a splendid residence in Ottawa. Mr. Costigan in politics is a Conservative, and in religion a Roman Catholic. He married, in 1855, Harriet, daughter of John Ryan, of Grand Falls, New Brunswick. * * * * * =Barnard, Edmund=, Advocate, Montreal, Quebec, was born at Three Rivers, on 23rd January, 1831. He is a son of Edward Barnard, for many years prothonotary of Three Rivers, whose family was originally from Yorkshire, England, settled at an early day in the history of the colonies, at Deerfield, Mass., and immigrated thence into Canada. Mr. Barnard received his education in the Colleges of St. Hyacinthe, Nicolet and Montreal, and took his degrees of B.A. and M.A. at St. John’s College, Fordham, N.Y. He studied law in the office of Judge Polette, in Three Rivers; also with Sir John Rose and the present Mr. Justice Monk, of the Court of Appeals, and was admitted to the bar on the 23rd of October, 1853. Mr. Barnard is known as one of the most studious, painstaking and successful lawyers in Montreal. He has made a specialty of certain branches, such as real estate, French law, municipal law, and law of banks and corporations, he having a very extensive _clientèle_ in those several departments. He often visits England to attend to Canadian cases before the judicial committee of the Privy Council. A fellow member of the Montreal bar gives Mr. Barnard credit for having a very keen perception of the old French law—second to that of no other lawyer in the province—for being a very indefatigable worker in preparing his wises, and for being a fluent and strong advocate, equally good in the French and English languages. In 1858 Mr. Barnard was married to Ellen King, daughter of the Hon. C. L. Austin, recorder of the city of Albany, N.Y., and they have had issue of ten children. * * * * * =Moodie, Mrs. Susanna=, was the sixth daughter of the late Thomas Strickland, of Reydon Hall, Suffolk, England, and was born on the 6th of December, 1803. This Strickland family was certainly one of the most remarkable known in England, since the famous “Nest of Nightingales,” five out of the six daughters having made themselves more or less celebrated in the realm of letters. At the age of thirteen, Susanna Moodie lost her father, at whose hands she had received her education. Mr. Strickland was a man of considerable wealth, highly cultured, and much devoted to literature, so he spent much of his means upon his library, and instilled into his family the same love for _belles lettres_ that he felt himself. Many have regretted that the excellent man did not live to see the fruition of his care. Susanna, it is said, began to write when in her sixteenth year, her early productions being poems and tales for children. In 1829-30, she put out a volume entitled, “Enthusiasm, and other Poems.” In the same year, during a visit to London, she met Lieutenant J. W. Dunbar Moodie, the fourth son of the late James Moodie, of Melsetter, Orkney Islands, to whom she was married on the 4th of April, 1831. Lieutenant Moodie belonged to the 21st Fusiliers, and was then on half pay. They left England in the following year for Canada, settling at Cobourg for a few months, thence proceeding to the township of Hamilton, eight miles from Cobourg, where they took a farm, and remained a year, after which they permitted themselves, unwisely, to be persuaded to settle in the backwoods, ten miles north of Peterborough. This region was then a perfect wilderness. There was no church, no school, no refined society, and very little cleared land near where they took up their abode. Here, struggling with all the privations belonging to life in the woods, they lived for eight years, in the meantime spending all their available money in the purchase of wild lands, and in the operation of the farm, an occupation for which the family, gentle bred, and unaccustomed and unsuited to labour, were singularly unfit. When, in 1837, the rebellion broke out, Lieutenant Moodie, who, from his birth and military training was a devoted loyalist, hastened away to Toronto, leaving his wife and four little children, the eldest only in her fifth year, behind him in the bush. The summer following, he remained absent, and much of the crops were lost, because there was no help to harvest it. All this Mrs. Moodie vividly and feelingly describes in her delightful book, “Roughing it in the Bush.” This was the first ambitious literary effort of Mrs. Moodie, and it attracted wide attention. The style was simple, limpid and picturesque: it was full of movement, and contained pen portraits, which were true to the life, of the hardships of the family’s wilderness life; of the character of the neighbours with whom she was thrown in contact, and of her alternating hopes and disappointments. When the book came out, the Canadians who were pictured in it were terribly wroth, and probably it was the sex of the author that saved her from maltreatment. But she never once exceeded the bounds of truth in her delineations, and invariably pictured the good traits as well as the bad ones, of the ordinary Canadian backwoods family. The book was brought out in England in 1850, but the greatest portion of its contents had already been published in the _Literary Garland_, Montreal. Encouraged by the success of this book, Mrs. Moodie afterwards brought out in quick succession, through her London publishers, the Messrs. Bentley, “Life in the Clearings,” “Flora Lindsay,” “Mark Hurdleston,” “The World Before them,” “Matrimonial Speculation,” and other works of a more or less fictitious character. It may be said here that after eight years of travail in the woods, Mrs. Moodie received the glad tidings that her husband had been appointed sheriff of the county of Hastings. In a late edition of “Roughing it in the Bush,” brought out by Hunter, Rose & Co., Publishers, of Toronto, Mrs. Moodie writes a preface recounting the social, industrial, educational and moral progress of Canada, since the time of her landing. After Sheriff Moodie’s death at Belleville, in 1869, Mrs. Moodie made her home in Toronto with her younger son, R. B. Moodie; but on his removal to a new residence out of town, she remained with her daughter, Mrs. J. J. Vickers, and passed peacefully away on the afternoon of April 8th, 1885, surrounded by her children and grandchildren. Her aged sister, Mrs. Traill, was beside her at the last. Mrs. Moodie’s often expressed wish to be laid beside her beloved husband at Belleville, where the happiest part of her years were spent, was carried out, and her remains were followed to their last resting-place, close to the beautiful Bay of Quinté, by a large number of dear friends. * * * * * =McMillan, John=, M.D., Pictou, Nova Scotia, was born in London, Ontario, 18th January, 1834. His parents were William McMillan and Anne McKenzie. He received his early education at the schools of his native place, and afterward attended McGill University, Montreal, where he graduated in May, 1857. He then removed to Nova Scotia, and began the practice of his profession in Wallace, Cumberland county. After remaining there for some time he removed to Sherbrooke, Guysborough county, then to New Glasgow, and finally to Pictou, Pictou county, where for the last thirteen years he practised, and has succeeded in building up a good business. He is quarantine officer for the port of Pictou. He belongs to the Masonic order, and is a past master of Caledonia lodge. He was married on 11th June, 1868, to Annie, youngest daughter of the late Senator Holmes, of Pictou, N.S. * * * * * =Larocque, Rt. Reverend Bishop Joseph=, was born at St. Joseph, Chambly, the 28th August, 1808, of one of the most respectable families in that place, and from his earliest years gave evidence of unusual piety and talent. It was no doubt owing to this fact that in 1821 he, with his cousin Charles, who afterwards succeeded him as bishop, upon the recommendation of Mr. Mignault, was educated at the expense of Mr. de St. Ours, and other true friends of education, at the College of St. Hyacinthe, then in its infancy. Young Joseph Larocque was a model scholar, always first in his studies, and practising those virtues which distinguished him in all the varied phases of his after life. In 1829, after having terminated a very brilliant classical course, he entered the ecclesiastical state, and until 1847 we find him working zealously to conquer all difficulties and gain for the St. Hyacinthe Seminary the great renown which it now enjoys. He received the order of priesthood at the hands of his Lordship J. J. Lartigue, on the 15th of March, 1835, and occupied with distinction successively the posts of professor, director, and superior of the institution to which he owed so much. A priest of the merit of Abbé Larocque could not long remain without attracting the attention of Bishop Bourget, who at this time occupied the episcopal seat at Montreal. The eminent prelate summoned him, and conferred upon him the canonship, thereby procuring a most valuable auxiliary in the administration of his diocese, one who, in his manifold duties and work, exercised his natural talent, profound science, and indefatigable zeal. He was entrusted with the editing of _Religious Miscellany_, published under the auspices of Bishop Bourget. Mgr. Prince, then coadjutor bishop of Montreal, being delegated to take to the Holy Father at Rome the decree of the first council at Quebec, Canon Larocque received orders to accompany him as secretary. During his sojourn in the Holy City he was named Bishop of Cydonia, by his Holiness Pope Pius IX., and coadjutor of Montreal, in place of his Lordship J. C. Prince, promoted to the new bishopric of St. Hyacinthe. On the 28th of the following October he was consecrated in his native parish (Chambly) by Bishop Bourget, assisted by their Lordships Guigues, bishop of Ottawa, and Cooke, bishop of Three Rivers. During the next eight years Bishop Larocque fulfilled his numerous duties in a most exemplary manner, to the detriment of his health. In June, 1860, he was transferred to the bishopric of St. Hyacinthe, but owing to his constant suffering and infirmities, he asked the permission of the Pope to abdicate his charge, which was granted by a Papal decree, dated August 17th, 1865. In July, 1866, Mgr. Larocque was nominated by his Holiness Pope Pius IX., bishop of Germanicopolis. The principal work of the pious prelate during his short term as head of the diocese, was the founding of the Community of the Precious Blood, which in a few years became renowned for piety and virtue. This community owe to the venerable and devoted father the constitution which governs them, and several spiritual works, among others, “Manner of Devotion to the Precious Blood,” and “Meditations for each Month of the Year;” also, “The Liturgical Year,” comprising meditations for Sundays and all the notable feasts of the year. The Lord remembered this faithful and earnest worker in permitting him to see the success which crowned his many efforts, for which the diocese of St. Hyacinthe owes him a debt of gratitude, only to be repaid by continuing in the noble work so ably mapped out for them. Bishop Joseph Larocque died November 18th, 1887. * * * * * =McDonald, Hon. James=, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Nova Scotia, was born at East River, Pictou county, N.S., 1st July, 1828. His family were among the first Scotch Highlanders who came to Nova Scotia one hundred years ago. They established at Pictou a thoroughly Scottish community which bears their impress legibly to this day. The chief justice had very few educational or inherited advantages to help him in his early days, but he possessed a splendid physique, unfailing good-temper and kindliness, great shrewdness and common sense, and laudable ambition. He obtained his preliminary education at New Glasgow, the second town in Pictou county, being the seat of valuable collieries, glass-works and other manufactories, and one of the most flourishing and progressive spots in the province. After completing his course, he studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1851. He at once obtained a good practice, and gained a considerable reputation as a platform speaker. He always took a great interest in politics, being a staunch Conservative. He first came to the front as a political candidate in 1859 when he successfully contested Pictou county in the general election of that year. The Conservative party were fast gaining strength and bidding again for the political supremacy which had been denied them for many years. Among the rising men was Dr. Charles Tupper, a bold and fluent orator, and a man of great administrative force and tact. Hon. J. W. Johnson, attorney-general and _facile princeps_ in his party for so many years, was getting old and unfit for a hard campaign. Sir William Young had been made chief justice, and other prominent Liberals were dropping out of the ranks. Railways were building and there was an impetus thereby given to the general hopefulness of the country. There were hot debates in the House of Assembly where such men as A. G. Archibald, Thomas Morrison, and Jonathan McCully strove for the reins of power. Hon. Mr. McDonald again offered, in 1863, when his party achieved a great victory at the polls. He was appointed by Dr. Tupper, provincial secretary and premier, to the position of chief railway commissioner for Nova Scotia, in June, 1863, and held this office until December, 1864. In December, 1864, he was appointed to a seat in the government with the portfolio of financial secretary. The celebrated conferences of Charlottetown and Quebec were held in the summer of 1864. There the preliminaries of confederation were discussed. At the latter conference Nova Scotia was represented by Dr. Tupper, Hon. W. A. Henry, now of the Supreme Court of Canada, Jonathan (afterwards Judge) McCully, and Hon. R. B. Dickey, senator. The next few months were times of fierce political debate in the maritime provinces. Confederation was consummated 1st July, 1867, and was shortly afterwards followed by general elections in the provinces and in the Dominion. The Conservatives were routed at the polls. Dr. Tupper won his election in Cumberland county, defeating Hon. William Annand by the narrow majority of 66. Not a single Conservative member followed him to Ottawa on his first appearance there. Among the defeated was the subject of this sketch, who stood for Pictou. But previous to this time, and during 1865 and 1866, he had been appointed a commissioner, representing his native province, to negotiate towards opening trade relations between the West Indies, Mexico and Brazil and the British American provinces. In prosecution of this mission he did some travelling in the Antilles. In 1867 he was made a Queen’s counsel. During the last years of his residence and practice at the bar in Halifax, the city barristers, on his attaining to the twenty-fifth year of his practice presented him with a silk gown accompanied by an appreciative and friendly address. In thanking the gentlemen of the long robe for their courtesy, he remarked that he was much touched by their kindness, but that the incident carried with it one element of regret in that it reminded him that he was growing old. The chief justice, however, enjoys robust health, and has probably many years before him. During these times he was working up one of the best-known practices in Nova Scotia. He had become associated in Pictou with Samuel G. Rigby (since Judge of the Supreme Court, a man who died two years ago greatly regretted while yet little over forty years of age), and removed to Halifax, establishing the firm of McDonald & Rigby. They generally had in their office six students and copyists, and their practice extended throughout the province. S. G. Rigby is believed to have been the peer of any _nisi prius_ lawyer who ever held a brief in Nova Scotia. James McDonald was skilled in all the arts of a cross-examiner and jury lawyer, whilst as a chambers counsel he was unsurpassed by any. Mr. Rigby generally went the Midland and Eastern circuits, where he never wanted a client. At the general election held in the summer of 1872, Hon. Mr. McDonald again contested Pictou for the House of Commons, and this time successfully. He was a strong supporter of Sir John A. Macdonald. The Pacific Scandal burst out in 1873, and in the debate in the Commons he made one of the strongest defences of the government. He was defeated at the general election of 1874, when the Reform government seized the reins of power, but fought a hard campaign in Pictou. At the general election in 1878 he returned with his party to power, and was made minister of justice. This appointment he held with credit until 20th May, 1881, when the late Sir William Young having resigned, he was appointed chief justice of the Supreme Court of Nova Scotia. He is also judge of the Vice-Admiralty Court. He resides at a pretty villa on the North-West Arm, Halifax, called “Blink Bonnie.” He is a member of the Halifax Club, the town resort of the _elite_ of Nova Scotia. He married in 1856, Jane, daughter of the late William Mortimer, of Pictou, by whom he has a large family of children. One of his sons is in the North-West. Two are practising law in Halifax. Two of his daughters married sons of Sir Charles Tupper, viz., Charles H. Tupper, M.P. for Pictou county, and William J. Tupper, who saw service with the Halifax battalion during the North-West rebellion. The Chief Justice resides chiefly in Halifax but occasionally goes on circuit. His judgments are marked by great liberality and breadth of view. He has befriended many young men in their struggles to get a profession, and is an openhearted, openhanded man. No finer specimen of the Pictou Scotchman could be picked out than “Jim McDonald,” as he was familiarly, though respectfully called, during his long career, at the bar and in politics. Hon. Mr. McDonald is a member of St. Matthew’s Presbyterian Church, Halifax. * * * * * =Merritt, Jedediah Prendergast=, St. Catharines, Ontario. The subject of this biographical sketch is the eldest son of the late Hon. William Hamilton Merritt, the well-known pioneer of the most prominent part of the peninsula of western Canada, and the originator and principal actor in obtaining the completion of the Welland and St. Lawrence canals, now connecting the upper lakes with the Atlantic ocean. Mr. Merritt was born at St. Catharines, county of Lincoln, on the 1st of June, 1820, and the whole of his life has been devoted to the material and æsthetical occupations which make history for the western hemisphere. At an early period he represented his native country as a student at Cambridge, England, and upon his return his further representation consisted in being familiar with English and continental society as it was associated with scholastic and political economy. His father, by the force of daily events, was engaged in promoting public important Canadian interests, whether included in commercial, political, or educational enterprises; and his son, being well qualified by natural and acquired attainments, gave these enterprises the advantage of his presence both at the desk and by his advice in the halls of the legislature. In 1860 he was appointed by a vote of parliament to a position now known as archivist. He collected the ten thousand folio pages of historical matter as put upon record by the lives of pioneers in Canada prior and subsequent to the revolutionary war. Whether, accordingly, information of large or small moment to families of the United Empire class or its government, or to families generally of Canada or the United States be required, it is derivable through the labors of the gentleman whose name is before us. Such a task as this brought into requisition varied talents and an unceasing industry for a number of years, and so suggestive of utility was his report that parliament renewed an engagement with him. The qualities of patriotism and generosity characterised his proceedings, for he not only gave his assistant the appropriation made for the purpose, but without opposition he permitted the adoption of a title which directs a searcher after knowledge formulated under his guidance to go to the Coventry Documents. On the 1st of May, 1845, he was appointed postmaster at St. Catharines, an office which he retained for a period of eighteen years. Mr. Merritt has distinguished himself both in poetry and prose. At an early age, and while at school, a taste for literature and science distinctly spoke out. And subsequently his poetical genius shone out in many effusions relating to his own and other countries, and in such as passed fitting encomiums upon the noble qualities of patriotism and valor. A poem written as a memento of the visit of the Duke of Kent to Canada received a distinguished acknowledgment from the Prince of Wales, his Grace the Duke of Newcastle, and the Earl of St. Germans. Many odes are also well known; among them may be found that “On the Opening of Victoria Bridge” by the Prince of Wales; “Ho, for Manitoba;” “Ontario;” those on the battles of “Lundy’s Lane”—“Crook’s Mills”—“River Rasin;”—that read by the Loyal Canadian Society at its anniversary picnic at Queenston Heights; “The rise and progress of St. Catharines,” in prose, and concluded in verse. Besides others in number to fill a volume, which fail to receive a notice here. The public journals of the day, for many years past, evidence by their columns that Mr. Merritt’s study and influence upon subjects of administrative policy and scientific economy have given to the public as much of instruction as of entertainment. An ingenious historical chart published by Mr. Merritt met with the approval of the British North American Historical Society, and commendation from the Prince of Wales, who sent him an appropriate medal. When decimal currency was introduced into Canada, Mr. Merritt brought before the legislature a system of weights and measures known as the “metric.” With these it is as easy of calculation as that of by tens with money. The government voted in its favor $50,000 to be used if necessary. Mr. Merritt’s life has been an unceasing application of advantages derivable from a patrimony, for the promotion of plans equal to the dignity and character of Canada; and his family promise to wear his mantle. He married on the 17th of August, 1864, the eldest daughter of the late George Prescott, for many years secretary and treasurer of the Welland canal, by whom he has six sons and two daughters. * * * * * =Scott, Lieut.-Col. Thomas=, Collector of Customs, Winnipeg, was born in Lanark county, Ontario, 16th February, 1841. He is of Irish parentage, and has proved in all the departments of activity in which he has been engaged throughout an unusually active life that he has inherited the best qualities of the Celtic race braced with the increased vigor which a fine climate and free institutions give to Canadians. The subject of this sketch was educated at the public and high schools of his native county, and at an early age entered on journalism, and when only twenty he founded a journal to advocate the principles of the Conservative party. This journal was the _Perth Expositor_, which under the energetic management of its founder soon became a power in the county. Two years later he married Miss Kellock, second daughter of Robert Kellock. Born with the instincts of a soldier, young Scott joined the volunteer corps of his town, at the time of the _Trent_ affair, and shortly afterwards became its captain. No better commanding-officer or more enthusiastic militiaman was to be found in the province than he. When the Fenian raid of 1866 set the country in a ferment, Capt. Scott was one of the first to ask on behalf of himself and his company to be assigned for active service. They were ordered to the St. Lawrence frontier, where they were kept on duty for four months. For his services he was raised to the rank of major. He was next called into active service in 1870, when he was placed in command of a company of the Ontario Rifles, part of Col. (now Lord) Wolseley’s expedition to the North-West to suppress the first Riel rebellion. In the toilsome journey Major Scott distinguished himself by his power of inspiring enthusiasm in the men under his command, which won such high encomiums from the brilliant young commander of the expedition. When, just after his return, it became necessary to send another expedition to the North-West to resist the threatened Fenian invasion of Manitoba, Major Scott, raised to the rank of brevet lieutenant-colonel, was chosen to command the force. A considerable part of the journey through what was then an almost untrodden wilderness was made in winter, and the men suffered great hardships, but made their way through to Fort Garry with wonderfully few mishaps. Liking the country, and appreciating the opportunities it offered for men of pluck and energy, Col. Scott sold out his newspaper business and removed to Manitoba. He at once took a prominent part in public affairs. He first essayed in 1874 to be elected to the Legislature of Manitoba against the then premier, Hon. R. A. Davis, but was unsuccessful. Three years later, however, he became mayor of Winnipeg after a keen electoral contest, but administered affairs so satisfactorily to the people, during his year of office, that he was elected by acclamation for a second term. While still occupying the place of mayor, he was nominated for a seat in the Legislative Assembly, and was elected. The general election came on in the following year, and Col. Scott was again successful. In 1880, the seat in the House of Commons for Selkirk becoming vacant by Hon. (now Sir) Donald A. Smith being unseated, Col. Scott resigned his place in the legislature, and ran in the Conservative interest, defeating Sir Donald by 169 majority. In the general election of 1882 he again was the Conservative standard-bearer for Winnipeg, in some respects the most important political division of the province. He was triumphantly returned and served throughout that parliament. He was appointed collector of customs in 1887, which position he still holds. Lieut.-Col. Scott, while always a strong party man, and almost fiercely active in a political contest, has those qualities of generosity and kind-heartedness which make men who are his opponents his friends. He is a man beloved by the people because of his strong sympathy with them, and his manifest desire to do all in his power to defend their interests. * * * * * =Ogden, William Winslow=, B.M., M.D., one of the leading medical practitioners of the city of Toronto, was born in the township of Toronto, county of Peel, 3rd July, 1837. His parents were William J. Ogden, an officer in the militia of York county in those days, and Rebecca Ogden. His father was descended from old English stock, traceable as far back as the time of Charles the Second. One of his ancestors, performed distinguished services for this fickle monarch at a critical period of his career, and received at his hands in return important recognition, and the _coat armor_ now held by his descendants. The doctor’s mother was from Ireland, and has been dead over twenty years, but his father, now in his eighty-sixth year, is still alive, and resides near Port Credit. Dr. Ogden received such primary education as the schools of his native place supplied in those early days, and then went to the Toronto Academy (since extinct), at that time connected with Knox College. He afterwards attended, until he was eighteen years of age, Victoria College, taking the ordinary arts course, and from this until he reached the age of twenty-two, he attended the Toronto School of Medicine, taking at the same time several special subjects in natural science in the University of Toronto. He graduated in honors in medicine from Toronto University in 1860, and at a later date in the same science from Victoria College, Cobourg. He then settled in Toronto, in which city he has ever since successfully practised his profession. In 1869 Dr. Ogden was appointed lecturer on medical jurisprudence and toxicology in Toronto School of Medicine, and lectured on these subjects, and that of diseases of children, from that date until 1887, when, on the creation of the medical faculty of Toronto University, he was appointed professor of forensic medicine, which includes toxicology and medical psychology. He takes a deep interest in all educational matters, and has been a member of the public school board continuously since 1866, a period of twenty-two years. He is always found at his post, is generally a member of all important committees, for two years was chairman of the board, and no one rejoices more than the worthy doctor at the great progress our schools have made since he first began to take an active interest in their management. Being a public spirited gentleman, he is deeply interested in everything that helps to improve the social and material condition of his countrymen. He is a member of the Middlesex lodge, Sons of England Benevolent Society, and its medical examiner in the beneficiary department, is president of the Royal Oak Building and Savings Society, and of the Sons of England Hall Company of Toronto. For many years, till recently, he was an active member of the Toronto Reform Association, and for a long time was its vice-president. Ever since the Brown-Cameron struggle, in 1858, he has taken an active part in all the political contests held in Toronto, and had the distinction of being nominated as the Reform candidate for the Ontario legislature in 1879, but, although he succeeded in greatly reducing the majority generally polled against the Reform candidate, he failed to secure his own election. In religion, Dr. Ogden was brought up in, and has always taken a deep interest in, the Methodist form of worship, and for over thirty years has held the office of leader in the Methodist church. He has been a member of all the general conferences save one, and of the annual conferences up to the present. He supported and voted for the union of the several Methodist bodies, and was well pleased when the union took place. In politics, it is almost needless to say, he is a staunch Reformer, and has during his long and useful life sacrificed largely in time and labor to advance the cause he has so much at heart. On the 27th May, 1862, he was married, to Elizabeth Price, daughter of the late William McKown, and niece of the late George Price, who died in 1880. * * * * * =Burrill, James=, Merchant, Yarmouth, Nova Scotia, is the second son of William Burrill and Catharine Sullivan, and was born on the 22nd February, 1844, at Yarmouth, N.S. He received a common school education, and on the retirement of his father in 1869, succeeded to his business, in company with his two brothers, and they now trade under the style of William Burrill & Co. The firm is largely interested in shipping. Mr. Burrill, the subject of our sketch, is a member of the Board of Trade, and since 1876 he has had a seat on the Board of School Trustees. In 1880 he was elected councillor for Milton, and was re-elected to the same position in 1882, 1884, and 1886. He was chosen warden of the municipality of Yarmouth in 1884, and again elected to the same office in 1886. Mr. Burrill takes an interest in all social reforms and belongs to the order of the Sons of Temperance and to the Temple of Honor. In politics he is a Liberal, and in religion he belongs to the Presbyterian church. Though comparatively young in years, he has devoted a good deal of time for the benefit of his fellow-citizens, among whom he is highly respected as he deserves to be. On the 20th September, 1887, he was married to Jane J., eldest daughter of George H. Lovitt. * * * * * =Murray, Lieut.-Col. John Robert=, Superintendent of Stores and Paymaster of Military district, No. 9, Halifax, was born at Halifax, N.S., February 9th, 1836, and is the eldest son of Thomas Murray of Dartmouth, N.S., (born February 11, 1811), and Caroline Maria Tapper of Blandford, England (born March 5, 1813), who married at Halifax, December 6, 1834. Col. Murray was educated at the National School and the Grammar School (Academy) Halifax, and early entered into mercantile pursuits. He became interested eventually in the hardware business as a partner in the firm of Boggs & Ross, and Thos. Boggs & Co. Colonel Murray served his native town for three years as an alderman for Ward 1, from 1872, and was a justice of the peace for the town. As a young man, he took an active interest in the militia, and this strengthened with each succeeding year. His connection with the militia of Nova Scotia and the Dominion covers a period of over twenty-nine years, and for over a quarter of a century he has held her Majesty’s commissions, viz:—In the 3rd Queen’s, N.S. militia, second lieutenant, February 5, 1863; first lieutenant, June 10, 1863; captain, December 11, 1864; adjutant, July 14, 1865, in the 66th Princess Louise Fusiliers; captain, June 18, 1869; brevet major, September 20, 1872; brevet lieutenant-colonel, December 12, 1874. On February 1, 1884, he was appointed to the district staff, and has since filled the offices of store-keeper and district paymaster, in a most satisfactory manner. In religion he is a Presbyterian, being a member of St. Andrew’s Church. He is a pleasant, agreeable citizen, a good soldier, and a splendid officer. He was married, September 19, 1861, to Eliza Jane, eldest daughter of the late James Reeves of Halifax, and has had issue five children, of whom three survive: James Reeves, who occupies the position of accountant in the Nova Scotia Sugar Refinery, Halifax; Charles Grant, gentleman cadet at the Royal Military College, Kingston, and George William, who is a student at the Halifax Medical College. * * * * * =Lawson, Professor George=, Ph.D., LL.D., F.I.C., F.R.S.C., Halifax, N.S., was born at Newport, parish of Forgan, Fifeshire, Scotland, 12th October, 1827. He is the only son of Alex. Lawson, of a family long resident in the county, and his wife, Margaret McEwen, daughter of Colin McEwen, for many years a civic officer in the town of Dundee. He was educated at a private school, and after several years of private study and law-reading, entered the University of Edinburgh, devoting his attention specially to the natural and physical sciences—chemistry, botany, zoology, anatomy, mineralogy, and geology. His studies at Edinburgh extended over a period of ten years, during which time he was also occupied with scientific and literary work in connection with the university and several of the scientific institutions of that city. He occupied the position of curator of the university herbarium, until it was removed from the university building to the Royal Botanic Garden, and was thus early brought into personal contact and correspondence with the leading botanists of the time. He assisted the professor of botany, Dr. Balfour, in his class-work and field and mountain excursions, and, as demonstrator under the professor’s direction, conducted a select class in histology for advanced students, teaching the practical use of the microscope and the methods of research in regard to the minute structure and development of plants. This class, formed in the Herbarium room at the Royal Botanic Garden, in Edinburgh, in 1853, was one of the first, if not the first organization of the kind in Britain corresponding to what are now known as biological laboratories. This Edinburgh Botanical Laboratory is now greatly extended and well supplied with recent improvements in apparatus and implements of research. On the death of Dr. Fleming, professor of natural science in the New College, Edinburgh, Dr. Lawson, in conjunction with the late Andrew Murray, continued the lectures through the winter session. He prepared, and carried through the press, the catalogue of the library of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, a work which was thus noticed by Sir R. Christison in his presidential address: “The council, in noticing the completion of this important labor, cannot express too highly the sense they entertain of the services of Dr. Lawson, who has applied himself to the task put before him with a zeal, diligence, method, and ability which led the council to congratulate themselves and the society on the choice which was made in appointing him.” He acted as secretary for several other societies, being joint secretary with the late Sir Wyville Thomson, of the Royal Physical Society. Being an adherent of the Church of Scotland, he was an active member of the High Church of Edinburgh. In the year 1858 Dr. Lawson accepted the appointment of professor of chemistry and natural history in Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, and relinquished the several offices held in Edinburgh. On leaving that city for Canada, a number of the professors of the university and members of societies, including Professor Balfour, Sir R. Christison, Sir J. Y. Simpson, Sir J. Gibson-Craig, Sir A. Douglas Maclagan, Professor Wilson, Sir A. Fayrer, and others, presented him with a purse of sovereigns and a silver salver bearing the following inscription—“Presented to Dr. George Lawson (along with a purse of sovereigns), on the occasion of his departure from Great Britain, to fill the chair of chemistry and natural history in Queen’s College, Kingston, Canada, by some of his friends, who desire thus to testify their high esteem and regard for him, and their appreciation of the services which he has rendered to science in Edinburgh. 5th August, 1858.” One of the speakers at the farewell meeting (father of the professor of botany in the Dublin College of Science), remarked as a reason for the presentation: “We do not know what the Canadians may think of you, but we want them to know what we think of you here.” At Queen’s College, a new laboratory and class-rooms for medical teaching being in course of construction, Dr. Lawson organized there a system of practical laboratory teaching similar to that then in operation by Drs. Wilson and Macadam at Edinburgh. The college grounds were laid out as a botanic garden, and the Botanical Society of Canada was formed, chiefly through his exertions. Whilst at Kingston, he acted as an examiner at Toronto University. In consequence of the disturbed state of affairs in Queen’s College, in 1863, Dr. Lawson resigned his position there, and accepted the professorship of chemistry and mineralogy in Dalhousie College and University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, then being reorganized, and which he still holds. Soon after his arrival in Nova Scotia, a board of agriculture was established by the provincial government, and he was elected secretary. He continued to discharge the duties of that office from 1864 till 1885, when the board was abolished, and its duties assumed directly by the provincial government. His services were retained under the new arrangement as secretary for agriculture of the province. In 1857 Dr. Lawson took the degree of Ph.D. at the University of Giessen. In 1863 the University of McGill College, Montreal, conferred upon him the honorary degree of LL.D. He is a fellow, and at present president, of the Royal Society of Canada; fellow of the Botanical and Royal Physical Societies of Edinburgh; of the Institute of Chemistry of Great Britain and Ireland; honorary member of the Edinburgh Geological and Scottish Arboricultural Societies; corresponding member of the Royal Horticultural Society of London, and of the Society of Natural Sciences at Cherbourg; also member of the following: British Association for Advancement of Science, American Association for Advancement of Science, Royal Scottish Society of Arts, Nova Scotian Institute of Natural Science, Historical Society, Ottawa Naturalists’ Club, etc.; associate of the Canadian Society of Civil Engineers. Dr. Lawson’s contributions to scientific literature have been published chiefly in the transactions of societies and scientific periodicals, as in “Transactions” respectively of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh, Royal Society of Canada, Nova Scotian Institute of Natural Science, and in the “Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal,” the “London Phytologist,” the “Annals and Magazine of Natural History,” the “Canadian Naturalist,” the “Chemical News,” etc. A separate work on “Water-lilies,” and one on “British Agriculture,” were published in Edinburgh. During his residence there he was a frequent contributor to “Chambers’s Edinburgh Journal,” and other literary periodicals in London and Edinburgh, and he edited and rewrote a portion of one of the editions of “Chambers’s Information for the People.” He married, in Edinburgh, Lucy, daughter of Charles Stapley, of Vale Cottage, Tunbridge Wells, and King’s road, Chelsea, who died on 1st January, 1871, leaving two daughters. At Halifax, in 1876, he married Caroline Matilda, daughter of William Jordan, Rosehall, Halifax, sister of Rev. Louis H. Jordan, M.A., B.D., Montreal, and widow of George Alexander Knox, lost in the steamship _City of Boston_, which sailed from Halifax harbor in January, 1870. * * * * * =Allison, David=, M.A., LL.D., Halifax, N.S., Superintendent of Education for the province of Nova Scotia, was born at Newport, Hants county, N.S., July 3rd, 1836. His father was James W. Allison, and his mother, Margaret Elder, both Nova Scotians, but descendants of North of Ireland parents, who had settled in this province. Dr. Allison’s father and grandfather both occupied seats in the local legislature. His preliminary education was received at the Halifax Academy, and the Wesleyan Academy, Sackville, New Brunswick. After studying four years at the latter institution, he entered the Wesleyan University, Middletown, Conn., U.S.A., and graduated in 1859. He then became classical instructor at Sackville Academy, and changed that position in 1862, to take a similar position in Mount Allison College. In 1869 Rev. Dr. Pickard resigned the presidency of the college, and the directorate unanimously elected Mr. Allison to the office, a tribute to his scholarship and character. He occupied the position of president for nine years, and under him the college work was very successfully and effectively performed. In the year 1877 he was appointed to the office of superintendent of education for the province of Nova Scotia, which position he still holds. Under his administration the whole system of the public schools of the province has grown and developed, till it is in the most satisfactory condition that could be desired or expected. Dr. Allison is a member of the Methodist church, and was a delegate to the congress of Methodism held in London, 1881. He married, June 18, 1862, Elizabeth Powell, of Richibucto, N.B., whose ancestors were loyalists. Dr. Allison received the degree of B.A., 1859; M.A., 1862; LL.D., from Victoria College, Cobourg, Ontario, 1873. In 1876 he was appointed a fellow of the senate of Halifax University. In his position as superintendent of education he has been broad in his views, and possesses a thorough appreciation of the high problem which is being worked out by the educational system of the province under his guardianship and direction. * * * * * =Radenhurst, W. H.=, Barrister, Perth, Ontario, was born at Toronto on 14th September, 1835. He is the eldest son of the late Thomas M. Radenhurst, Q.C., who settled in Perth in 1824. His paternal grandfather, Thomas Radenhurst, came out from England to America in a semi-military capacity at the time of the revolutionary war. He was from Cheshire, and his mother was a sister of Lord Chief Justice Kenyon. When a youth, he was sent up to London to enter the employ of the banking firm of the Lloyds, in which his mother, who was related to them, had some interest, but he preferred to go to America with the troops then leaving for the war. At the close of the war, being stationed in Montreal, he married Ann Campbell, a daughter of a United Empire loyalist, one of the first who settled on the Bay of Quinté. An uncle of hers, Sir John Campbell, was a distinguished soldier in India. He died at Fort St. John, in early life, leaving a young family to the care of his widow, a woman of energy and capacity. She obtained commissions in the army for her two eldest sons, but her third son, Thomas, she had educated at Dr. Strachan’s school at Cornwall, and he afterwards studied law in Toronto. He commenced the practice of his profession in Kingston, from where he removed to Perth, and built up a considerable law practice. He married a daughter of Surveyor-General Ridout of Toronto. He represented the county of Carleton in the Upper Canada Legislature before the union of the provinces, and was afterwards, as the nominee of the Reform or Baldwin-Lafontaine party, an unsuccessful candidate for Lanark county. He was made a Queen’s counsel in 1849, and acted for a considerable time as Crown prosecutor in the Eastern and sometimes in the Midland Circuit. He was offered the judgeship of the Bathurst district, but declined the honor. He acted as treasurer of Lanark county for several years; and he died in 1854, in his fifty-first year, leaving a large family. The following pen and ink sketch, of Thomas M. Radenhurst, written in November, 1847, by a local scribe, signing himself “Paul Pry,” gives us a very correct idea of the deceased Queen’s counsel:— Another personage in this court is entitled to a favourable notice—Mr. T. M. Radenhurst. This gentleman lounges in his chair with an easy familiarity when in court—you would imagine that his soul was away into the fair land of romance, or feasting with the great jury consultists in his library, or arranging some circumstances that may have transpired in the domestic or social circle; but when he stands up, and is roused into action, you are both startled and pleased to find that all this seeming abstraction, has no reality—he shows that nothing has escaped his notice—his mind is found to be stored with important facts, all bearing upon the point at issue; in the management of these there is a complete absence of all clap-trap—he does not seek to terrify and bewilder a witness, but the witness finds that he is in the hands of a master, and that his only mode of escape is in giving a plain unvarnished tale. When he addresses the jury, he unfolds the capacity so valuable in an advocate, that he believes that there is such a thing as truth, and that he relies with full confidence for success of his cause upon the truth being told. The moral bearing of his case is then unfolded, and the conviction is triumphantly carried and established in every unprejudiced mind that whatever may be the merits of the suit the advocate is an honest man. W. H. Radenhurst, the subject of our sketch, his eldest son, at present residing in Perth, was educated at Upper Canada College. He held the office of treasurer of Lanark for sometime after his father’s death, but afterwards studied law in the offices of the late Mr. Fraser of Perth, and of Sir Matthew Cameron in Toronto, and was called to the bar. He was a member of the town council of Perth, and mayor of the town from 1874 to 1878. He is now revising officer for North Lanark. In politics he is a Liberal-Conservative, and in religion an adherent of the Episcopal church. * * * * * =St. Georges, Rev. Charles=, Parish Priest of St. Athanase, Iberville, P.Q., and Honorary Canon of the Cathedral of St. Hyacinthe, was born on the 13th March, 1834, at Varennes, Verchères county, P.Q. He was educated at the College of St. Hyacinthe, and ordained priest on the 15th August, 1858. The scenes of his early labors were successively Sorel, Granby, Abbotsford and St. Charles. Since 1868 he has been in charge of the Church of St. Athanase, Iberville, where his devotedness, zeal, and piety have gained for him the universal esteem and affection of his flock. His finer qualities, however, are known only to a few—his fellow-priests and the religious under his spiritual direction—by whom he is regarded as a model worthy of copying, and as a tender and loving pastor. Father St. Georges has been distinguished throughout his priestly career for the important part and interest he has taken in the education question. Finding on his arrival at St. Athanase, that the good Sisters of the Congregation de Notre Dame had established a convent there, he spared no sacrifice in aiding and seconding them in their noble efforts. For a long time it was his ardent wish to procure for the boys of his parish a suitable educational establishment; but it was not, however, until 1885 that this grand project was fully realized. In that year he had the happiness of seeing opened a Commercial College under the direction of the Marist Brothers, whose Mother-House is at St. Genis-Laval, France. The success which has already attended the scheme does credit to its promoter and principal supporter. At present it has about two hundred externs and fifty boarders. Father St. Georges’ life has been replete with all those noble virtues and fine qualities so often met with in the priesthood, and we hope he will be long spared to bless humanity. * * * * * =Burrill, William=, Merchant, Yarmouth, Nova Scotia, was born at Drumbo, near Belfast, Ireland, on 30th June, 1802. He was the second son of Henry and Rosanna Burrill, and came to Yarmouth, Nova Scotia, in the year 1834, where he at once engaged in mercantile business which he successfully pursued until 1869, when he retired. During his lifetime he greatly distinguished himself for his zeal in the cause of temperance. He took a leading part in the organization of the first Division of the Sons of Temperance in Yarmouth, and was the second Grand Worthy Patriarch of the order in Nova Scotia. He was elected a member of the National Division of North America in the year 1851. He held the office of warden of the municipality of Yarmouth in 1857, and the following year was appointed a justice of the peace. He was a Liberal in politics, and a Presbyterian in religion. He died at Yarmouth, on the 9th April, 1883, greatly regretted by his fellow citizens, among whom he was held in high esteem. He was married to Catherine Sullivan, of Halifax, N.S., on the 28th of November, 1839. * * * * * =Charland, Hon. Justice Alfred N.=, B.C.L., St. John’s, Quebec. This gentleman, who was raised to the bench of the province of Quebec, as one of the judges of the Superior Court, in November, 1887, was born at Iberville, province of Quebec, on the 28th May, 1842. He is a son of late Joseph Charland, merchant, of the same place, one of the oldest settlers of the county of Iberville, province of Quebec, and who was married to Elmire Duquette, of Chateauguay, sister of the renowned Joseph Duquette, a young patriot who was executed in 1838, when only twenty-two years of age, for being one of the “Sons of Liberty,” an order that existed at the time of the Canadian rebellion. This lamented young martyr for the cause of liberty was a supporter and bosom friend of the celebrated Papineau. Judge Charland was educated in St. Hyacinthe College. He studied the profession of law in the office of the late Hon. Charles Laberge and L. G. Macdonald, Q.C. (Laberge & Macdonald), in St. John’s, province of Quebec, and was subsequently a student in the office of Sir A. A. Dorion, now chief justice of the Court of Queen’s Bench. He received his degree of B.C.L. from McGill University, when Judge Torrance, Edward Carter, Q.C., and the Hon. R. Laflamme were his professors. He was admitted to practice in September, 1863, and settled at St. John’s, where he edited _Le Franco Canadien_ for two years, and commenced an extensive practice with E. S. Paradis, Q.C. In 1878 Mr. Charland was offered the judgeship of the quarter sessions for Montreal, by the Joly government, in the place of Judge Coursol, a position which, though honorable, he declined. The same year he was appointed Queen’s counsel by the Quebec government, and in 1886 had this distinction confirmed upon him by the governor-general in council at Ottawa. He was for several years actively engaged in politics, and fought the battles of the Liberal party till he joined the Conservatives as a protectionist and a partisan of the ruling policy of his friend, the Hon. J. A. Chapleau, then premier of Quebec province. Mr. Charland has particularly distinguished himself as a criminal lawyer, having for several years occupied the position of Crown prosecutor in the district of Iberville, and when not so employed has been entrusted with the defence in all the important cases which came up before the assizes of that judicial division. He obtained great success in several murder cases. He is considered as an authority on criminal matters. He is also acknowledged to be one of the most eloquent and forcible speakers in the province of Quebec, and perhaps the most correct and eloquent of our French orators. As such he has taken an active and prominent part in numerous political contests throughout the province, and greatly contributed to the success of his friends in many electoral strifes. The St. John’s _News_ of the 18th November, 1887, thus kindly speaks of him on the occasion of his elevation to the bench:— News was received in St. John’s last Friday that Mr. A. N. Charland, Q.C., of this place, had been appointed judge of this district, in place of the Hon. Mr. Justice Chagnon, resigned. While general regret was expressed at the resignation of the latter gentleman, the appointment of Mr. Charland as his successor gave the most unqualified satisfaction to our community at large, and even many of those who had recently been most strictly opposed to him on political ground, were among the first to congratulate him on his preferment. We do not hesitate to say that Judge Charland will be an honor to the bench. Years ago he distinguished himself at the bar as a gifted pleader and as a clear, incisive, and brilliant reasoner. Along with a dignified and polished manner, he possesses that _savoir faire_ which so greatly adds to the charm of an intellectual man, and is so especially becoming to the occupants of high positions. Judge Charland first married, in 1865, Aglaë Ouimet, sister of the Hon. Justice Ouimet. His second marriage was to Mary Lareau, of St. John’s, eldest daughter of L. Lareau, manufacturer, proprietor of the St. John’s foundry, and for a long time a councillor of said town. * * * * * =Lefebvre, Guillaume=, Waterloo, P.Q., was born at Laurenceville, in the province of Quebec, on the 19th of February, 1856. He was educated at the Knowlton academy, afterwards taking a course at Bryant & Stratton’s business college, in Montreal. He was in the lumber trade from 1873 to 1877, with his brother, Joseph H. Lefebvre, and then bought him out. His business as lumber dealer and furniture manufacturer, at Waterloo, Quebec province, has continued to increase, and is now in a most prosperous condition, employing a large number of hands. He was married on the 16th of June, 1885, to Alphonsine Maynard, of St. John’s, Quebec, and they have one child. * * * * * =McIlwraith, Thomas=, Hamilton, Ontario, Coal Merchant, and the leading Ornithologist in Canada, was born in Newton, Ayr, Scotland, on the 25th of December, 1824. He received an ordinary education at the schools there, and early in 1846 went to reside in Edinburgh, where he remained till about the close of 1848. Returning at that time to his native town, he remained there till the latter part of 1853, when he arranged to come to Hamilton, Canada, to superintend the gas works of that city. In October of that year he married Mary, daughter of Bailie Hugh Park, a friend of his school days, and he and his bride landed in Hamilton, on the 9th November, 1853, at a point very near the property he has since purchased, and where he now resides with his family. He remained in the position of manager of the gas works till 1871, when he bought the Commercial Wharf, with the coal and forwarding business then being carried on by John Procton, and has since continued to carry on this business in the same premises. He has been successful in business, and has brought up four sons and three daughters, the youngest of the family, K. C. McIlwraith, who partakes largely of his father’s love of nature, being now attending the University in Toronto. In politics Mr. McIlwraith has always been a Liberal, but he has never taken an active part in political contests. Since attaining manhood he has been a member of the Presbyterian church. He has held many prominent positions in the directorate of banks, insurance companies, etc., and was for many years president of the Mechanics’ Institute, and in 1878 represented the ward in which he resides in the city council. But it is as a naturalist that he is best known in Canada. Possessing from early childhood a strong love of nature in all its forms, the insects, plants, and specially the birds of Scotland were familiar to him at an early age. His first summer in Canada was therefore to him the entrance to a new world. The liberty of roaming at will through the woods without such restraints as exist in older lands; the new and varied forms of plant and bird life which he met were a continual source of delight, and made an impression which time has not been able to efface. His attention was now specially directed to the birds, and there being no published books to serve as guides to the identifying of the species he might find here, he prepared a paper on the subject, with a list of such birds as he had obtained, and read it before the Hamilton Association, which was organized about that time for the study of scientific subjects. The list appeared in the _Canadian Journal_ for July, 1860, and the paper in the same journal in January, 1861; they attracted the attention of ornithologists in the United States, and in 1865 he prepared, by request, an extended list of birds observed near Hamilton, which list appeared in the proceedings of the Essex Institute for 1866. During the years that succeeded, the study still occupied many of his spare hours, and was the subject of occasional notes to the magazines. In 1883 he attended by invitation a meeting of the leading ornithologists of the United States. This meeting, which was held in the library of the Central Park Museum, New York, was called to consider and revise the classification and nomenclature of American birds, resulted in the organization of the now well-known American Ornithologist Union, of which he had thus the honor of being one of the founders. In this connection he was appointed superintendent of the district of Ontario for the migration committee of the union, and did considerable work in appointing observers throughout Ontario to note the arrival and departure of the migratory birds. There being still a want of a suitable text book for beginners in the study of ornithology, he was urged by many to give the public the benefit of his knowledge on this subject. This he did in a book of 300 pages, in which upwards of 300 species of birds, with their nests, eggs, etc., are minutely and correctly described, the MS. of which he presented to the Hamilton Association. Sir William Dawson has highly spoken of it, and Dr. S. P. May, superintendent of Mechanics’ Institutes and Art Schools for Ontario, says:—“I have carefully examined the ‘Birds of Ontario,’ by Mr. McIlwraith, superintendent of the district of Ontario for the migration committee of the American Ornithologist Union. It contains a most graphic description of Canadian birds, their habits, nests and eggs, and distribution, and will be of valuable assistance to persons interested in the study of natural history. I may mention that, as an ornithologist, I have frequently been associated with Mr. McIlwraith during the past twenty-five years, and I consider him to be one of the most practical and best authorities on Canadian birds on this continent. The book should be in every mechanics’ institute and public library in this country, and I have great pleasure in recommending it for that purpose.” Mr. McIlwraith’s strong love of the subject led him at an early date to preserve and mount his own specimens. His thorough knowledge of the attitudes of the birds when in life enabled him to do this most successfully, and he has now one of the largest, if not the largest, and best prepared private collections in the Dominion. And what is more, he is always pleased to show it to those interested. He has confined his attention chiefly to birds of Britain and America, but has also a few from the far off islands of the sea. * * * * * =Fiske, Edward=, Lumber Merchant, Joliette, Quebec, was born at Abbotsford, Quebec province, on the 5th September, 1841. His parents were Ebenezer Fiske and Eliza Bradford. He was educated in his native place, and received a sound commercial education. Adopting commerce as a profession, he was very successful, and is now possessed of large means. He holds land property in Montreal and St. Jerome, and at the latter place has a hardware store, conducted under the firm name of Treffle, Cote & Co., and in which a paying business is done. He is also owner of two saw mills in which a large quantity of lumber is shipped to the Montreal and other markets in Canada. In Joliette he has erected a handsome block of buildings, known as the “Fiske Block,” and this has turned out a good investment. In short Mr. Fiske may be classed among what some people call the “lucky ones,” but we are rather inclined to the belief that his luck has come from close attention to business, and making the most of favorable circumstances as they presented themselves, rather than from what he could not control. He went to Montreal in 1860, and was employed in a wholesale hardware store until 1865, and from there he went into the cotton business in Georgia and Florida for two years, and then returned to New York state, where he continued business, and remained until 1869, and since then at Joliette. Last year (1887) Mr. Fiske crossed the Atlantic, and visited Glasgow, London, Belgium, Germany, Switzerland, France, etc.; during those travels he was very observant, and picked up a store of useful information. On the 2nd October, 1867, he was married to Emma E. S. Elliott, daughter of John Elliott, wholesale grocer, Montreal. * * * * * =Barry, Denis=, B.C.L., Barrister, of Montreal, takes rank among the most distinguished Irishmen of Canada. Born in the city of Cork in the year 1835, he, early in life, emigrated from Ireland to America with his father, James Barry, who is still living at Rockwood, Ont. The Barry family is one of the oldest in the south of Ireland, and has furnished many brave and able men to the army and navy, the bench and the bar, and the other liberal professions of the United Kingdom. The father of the American navy, Commodore Jack Barry, belonged to that branch of the Barry family from which the subject of this sketch is descended. His mother, Hannah Kelleher, was a daughter of Captain Kelleher, who served with distinction in the service of the Hon. East India Company. Mr. Barry began his education at the common school and continued his studies at Rockwood Academy. Subsequently he went through a classical course at Regiopolis College, Kingston, Ont. Studied theology for some time at the Grand Seminary and at Laval University, and law at McGill University, where he graduated as B.C.L. Entered the volunteer service of Canada as lieutenant in the St. Jean Baptiste Company, Montreal, M. W. Kirwan, captain, in 1877; was promoted to the captaincy of the same company and remained in command thereof till the corps was merged in the 85th battalion, when he retired, went through the Military School, Montreal, and obtained the certificate that entitled him to his rank. Is now joint fire commissioner for the city of Montreal. Has been president of St. Patrick’s Society of Montreal, for four years consecutively. Is past-president of the Young Men’s Reform Club of Montreal. Has taken an active part in political contests, both provincial and federal; also in municipal affairs, having been an unsuccessful candidate for alderman in St. Ann’s Ward, Montreal, in 1882. Mr. Barry is of the same faith as his forefathers—a Roman Catholic—and has never changed his religious views. Mr. Barry had experience of backwoods life as a settler on a free grant farm on the Hastings road in 1856, at that time one of the wildest parts of Upper Canada, but now a beautiful and prosperous region. He also engaged in the lumbering business for some time on the York branch of the Madawaska river, Ontario; subsequently he was engaged in the crown lands office, on the Opeongo road, with Mr. T. P. French, now post-office inspector, Ottawa district. Since his adoption of the profession of the law, Mr. Barry has resided at Montreal, where he has achieved a very high position. He is particularly noted as a _nisi prius_ practitioner, and has conducted a large number of famous cases successfully. As a speaker, Mr. Barry is not surpassed at a bar distinguished for the oratorical abilities of its members, while, in his addresses before popular audiences, he comes up to the best standard of the times. Personally, the writer of this sketch can bear testimony, he is one of the most genial and kind-hearted of men. Ever foremost in all good works, and as the champion of his less fortunate countrymen, Mr. Barry is endeared to all who know him, and beloved in all the relations of home and friendship. He married, in 1869, Kathleen, daughter of the late Michael Morgan, merchant, of Sorel, P.Q., a lady distinguished as much for amiability and goodness as for her charming personality. The union has been blest with a large family. * * * * * =Pettit, Rev. Charles Biggar=, M.A., Rector of Cornwall, was born at Grimsby, Ontario, in 1827. His father, Andrew Pettit, was an honest and successful farmer, a leading churchman and a tory of the old school. His grandfather was a United Empire loyalist, and one of the first settlers in the township of Grimsby. He was educated at King’s College, Toronto, graduated at McGill College, Montreal, and was ordained from the Diocesan Theological Institution, Cobourg, by the first bishop of Toronto. His first mission was that vast field lying between Guelph and the northern shores of Lake Huron—then almost a dense wilderness, now thickly settled and studded with churches. In 1852 he was admitted to priest’s orders, and appointed to Burford, in the county of Brant. In 1855 he was presented to the rectory of Richmond, in the county of Carleton, where he ministered for more than twenty-two years, and where he took an active part in the educational work of the county, and with what success an address presented to him in 1877 by one hundred and four leading men of the city of Ottawa and of the county of Carleton, accompanied by a large purse, only slightly indicates. In 1877 he was presented to the rectory of Cornwall, and also to a canonry in St. George’s Cathedral, Kingston, and shortly after appointed rural dean of Stormont. The most interesting event to the public in his parochial career at Cornwall was the consecration of the Bishop Strachan Memorial Church, which partook of a state ceremony and was attended by his Honor J. B. Robinson, lieutenant-governor, who read the _mandate_; by the Hon. George A. Kirkpatrick, speaker of the House of Commons; by the clergy of the town, by the judges, the sheriff, the mayor and members of the town council, and by a very large number of parishioners. In 1852 he married Helen Clara, only daughter of the late Colonel Thomas Parker, of Belleville, by whom he has three sons and five daughters. * * * * * =Dunbar, James=, Q.C., Quebec, is one of the leading members of the Quebec bar, at which he has been a successful practitioner for upwards of thirty years. As his name indicates, he is of Scottish extraction. His father, the late Ferguson Dunbar, was paymaster of the 74th Highlanders, and married while serving with his regiment in Ireland, where our subject was born in the year 1833. Educated in the Gosport Naval Academy, and other well-known schools of the United Kingdom and at the Quebec High School, Mr. Dunbar turned his attention early in life to journalism, and for a time was editor of the Quebec _Morning Chronicle_, then the leading daily of the ancient capital. The period was one of great political excitement in Canada. The public mind was agitated by questions of such burning importance as the secularization of the clergy reserves, and the abolition of the seigniorial tenure in Lower Canada. As a journalist at the head of one of the chief newspapers of the day, Mr. Dunbar not only distinguished himself as a terse, critical and vigorous writer, but as such did much to shape the course of events and of legislation. He always, however, evinced a taste for the law, and after occupying the editorial chair of the _Chronicle_ with marked success for about five years he gave up newspaper life to devote himself to the study of Blackstone and Pothier. In his new profession he made rapid headway under the tuition of the late Mr. Secretan, a well-known practitioner at Quebec, and at the age of twenty-two was duly called to the Lower Canada bar, when he formed a partnership with Mr. Secretan, which subsisted until the latter’s death. Thenceforward his success was assured, but it was not won in a day. Gradually the talented and energetic young lawyer worked his way, not only in public estimation, but into the front ranks of the profession, and in 1873, simultaneously with his commission from England as registrar of the Vice-Admiralty Court at Quebec, he received from the Dominion government one of the great objects of professional ambition, the silk gown of a Queen’s counsel, in recognition of his abilities and standing at the bar. These were further acknowledged in 1878 by his appointment as Crown prosecutor for the district of Quebec. In this prominent and responsible position, which he filled with general acceptance down to 1887, he distinguished himself as much by his humanity as by his ability, and his name remains honorably connected with the administration of criminal justice in Quebec, and with all the cases of importance which were tried before the courts of the ancient capital during a period of nine years. Always conspicuous for his sound judgment, thorough knowledge of the law and keen perception of the intricacies of the case, his manner of examining witnesses was especially admirable, his questions being always to the point and put in such a way as to bring out the needed answer even from the most reluctant witness in the box, while his addresses to the jury were always clear, precise and remarkable not only for their logic but for their skill in sifting and summarizing evidence. He is a good speaker, his manner being pleasing but forcible, and his deportment always gentlemanly. As an exponent of maritime law he is admitted to have few equals at the bar of Canada. In 1875 his colleagues of the Quebec bar paid him the compliment of electing him their _bâtonnier_, and he has been for some years chairman of the board of examiners of law students. A churchman of broad views, he has been a delegate to the diocesan and provincial synods of the Church of England, in which capacity he has always maintained his own. His masonic record is prominent. He has filled all the principal offices of the craft in the Blue lodge, and is now a past grand principal of the Grand Chapter of Royal Arch Masons of Canada, and past grand master of the Grand Lodge of Quebec. In 1862 he married Emma Amelia, daughter of James Poole, jr., of the Commissariat department, Montreal, and by her has had issue a son (who is now also a Quebec barrister and LL.M. of Laval University), and two daughters. Mr. Dunbar is an indefatigable worker, estimable as a citizen and agreeable and cordial in manner. He has never entered public life, but his politics are understood to be moderate Conservative. * * * * * =Meek, Edward=, Barrister, Toronto, was born in the village of Port Stanley, Ontario, on the 27th December, 1845. His father, James Meek, came to Canada at the early age of three years with his parents, in 1817, from Ballymena, North of Ireland, and they settled in the same year in Talbot district, and took up a large tract of land near Port Stanley, being one of the earliest pioneers of that part of the country. At the time of Edward’s birth his father was conducting a foundry, which he carried on successfully for a number of years; but owing to a disastrous conflagration, which destroyed the whole of the extensive establishment, he returned to his farm again, on which he has remained till the present time. Edward received his early education at the Port Stanley school, and afterwards at the Grammar School, St. Thomas. After leaving school, at the age of seventeen, he was granted a certificate to teach, which occupation he followed for three years. He then accepted a position as bookkeeper in a grain warehouse, at which he continued for a short time only; but thinking a short journey among strangers would improve his prospects, he went to Boston and engaged with the publishing house of a prominent firm there. After a short sojourn he returned to London, Ontario, and there commenced the study of law. In 1873 he removed to Toronto, where he continued his studies and finished his law course in the office of Harrison, Osler and Moss, three gentlemen who afterwards became distinguished judges. He was called to the bar of Ontario in the spring of 1874, and he then formed a partnership with the Hon. John O’Donohoe, which continued for three years, when it was dissolved. He then opened an office of his own until he formed a partnership with William Norris, of Woodstock, which lasted till Mr. Norris returned to Woodstock. In 1877 he commenced to take an active part in the politics of the country, and especially in the promotion of the national policy; in fact he was one of the originators of the work, and travelled over Ontario assisting in the formation of political organizations to enable the government to carry their national policy to a successful issue. He continued from that time to take an active part as one of the leading political writers and speakers on the platform until the winter of 1884, when he and a number of other politicians conceived the idea of forming a coalition government for the province of Ontario, their object being to do away with partyism in the local legislature. Others were brought into the scheme who were impatient of the slow method of bringing about the change by argument, and thought that a sufficient number of the members of the legislature could be secured by offers and promises to at once defeat the Mowat government, when the coalition could be immediately formed during the spring session of 1884. The plans were disapproved of by the originators of the idea, but the hot heads could not be kept under control, and the public know the result of the unfortunate conspiracy case which sprung from it, involving those more actively concerned in the long and tedious investigation and prosecution before a Royal commission and in the criminal courts. The Royal commission brought in a divided report, which the house never acted upon. The verdict of the jury in the criminal court, in the trial of May, 1885, acquitted the accused. Since that time Mr. Meek has devoted himself strictly to the practice of his profession in Toronto, and the promotion and formation of joint stock and other companies. Mr. Meek was joined in marriage on the 30th June, 1873, to Anna Margaret McBride, daughter of Samuel McBride, of London, Ontario, by which union they have issue two sons and one daughter. Mr. Meek and family are members of the Church of England. * * * * * =Smith, Andrew=, F.R.C.V.S. (Eng.), Principal of the Ontario Veterinary College, Toronto, is a native of the “Land o’ Burns,” having been born in Ayrshire, Scotland. He received his early educational training in Dalrymple, his native parish, and going to Edinburgh, entered the Veterinary College of that city, where he passed a brilliant course of study, carrying off the highest honors, and five medals. He graduated in 1861, and after coming to Canada settled in Toronto, where he has since led a busy professional life. He is the founder and principal of the Ontario Veterinary College, Toronto, and consulting veterinary surgeon of the Board of Agriculture of Ontario. For three years Professor Smith occupied the position of president of the Caledonian Society of Toronto; was worshipful master of St. Andrew’s lodge of A. F. & A. M. during the year 1874-5, and is a director of the Industrial Exhibition of Toronto. He is also a member of the executive committee of the Toronto Jockey Club, and master of the Toronto Hunt. In religion Mr. Smith is a Presbyterian. * * * * * =Guy, Michel Patrice=, Notary Public, Montreal, was born at Montreal on the 18th May, 1809. He is a son of Etienne Guy and Catherine Valée. The Guy family is probably the oldest family in the Dominion, being descended from the French Count, Guy de Montfort, a general in King Charles’ army of France, and close relation to the king. The first of the family to leave France was Pierre Guy, who came to Canada at the commencement of the seventeenth century, and married Madame de la Lande in November, 1723. He entered the army as an ensign, under M. de Beauharnois, who had succeeded de Vaudreuil in the government of New France, where he served with great distinction. He advanced rapidly, being made captain in 1748, and greatly distinguished himself at Louisburg. He died April, 1748. Pierre Guy, his eldest son was born at Ville-Marie (Montreal,) 11th December, 1738, and educated at the Jesuits’ College and the _Petit Séminaire de Quebec_. Having a great aptitude for science, he was sent to France to complete his course; when he returned to Canada, war was then going on with England. He entered the army under General de Montcalm, and took part at Oswego and Fort William Henry in the series of brilliant victories which should always render his name dear to Canadians. He also took part in the battles of Carillon and Montmorency, where he was greatly praised for his martial ardor and bravery. He was also at the battle of the Plains of Abraham, which was fatal to the French. He returned to France after the capitulation of Montreal, where he remained until 1764, when he returned to Canada. After some time he again took up the sword against General Montgomery. He was made lieutenant-colonel of the militia, and a few years afterwards, in 1802, was made colonel. He died in January, 1812. Pierre was buried with military honors by the militia as well as by the 49th regiment, which was then garrisoned in Montreal. Louis Guy was born on the 28th June, 1768, studied law, and obtained from Sir Robert Shore Milnes a commission as notary in 1801. In recognition of past services, Lord Aylmer named him notary to his Majesty (Royal notary) in 1830, a position now abolished. When the second American invasion came, he took arms against the enemy. He was then major of the 5th battalion of militia, and as a recompense for his great military services, Sir James Kempt appointed him colonel of the militia for the county of Montreal. On the 23rd February, 1837, through the representations of Sir James Kempt, William IV. summoned him to the Council. He was most intimate with Lord Aylmer, who often spent days with him at his house, which was surrounded with the largest gardens then in Montreal. He died at Montreal in February, 1840. Hippolyte Guy, son of the Hon. F. Guy and Dame J. Curot, was born in Montreal on the 3rd July, 1800, and was educated for the law. He held a great reputation as a jurisconsult, and was made judge of the Superior Court. Louis Guy, eldest brother of the above, entered the British army as lieutenant in the 81st regiment of the line. This command was given him by the Duke of Wellington, in consideration of his bravery at Chateauguay, where, as captain of the _Voltigeurs_, he commanded the advance posts. Years before entering the British army he served in France in the body guards of Charles X. During some time he was made deputy adjutant-general of the militia of Lower Canada, in conjunction with the Hon. Juchereau Duchesnay. This charge being abolished, he was recalled to his regiment, then garrisoned at Trinidad, in the West Indies. He was hardly returned when he was attacked with yellow fever, and died on the island of St. Kitts, on 27th March, 1841. He had served with great distinction in Spain and Malta, and at the time of his death held the rank of major. The officers of his regiment erected a large monument to his memory. His eldest sister married Colonel de Salaberry. Michel Patrice Guy was educated at Montreal College, where he received a classical education, and afterwards studied law. He was admitted to the practice of the notarial profession on the 5th May, 1831. He became lieutenant-colonel in the 10th battalion Montreal militia during the troubles of 1837. He was one of the promoters of the Montreal wharves, and one of the founders of the Montreal College. A street, extending over a mile in length, running through the breadth of the city of Montreal was named after him, and is now known as Guy street. Mr. Guy was seriously wounded during the Gavazzi riots in Montreal. He was standing some distance away from the rioters when he was struck by a ball in the leg, and it was a question of life or death with him for a long while afterwards, being confined in his bed for fourteen months. Mr. Guy possesses one of the finest collections of old family parchments and documents, as well as many important letters. In politics he is a Liberal, and in religion a member of the Roman Catholic church. He was married on the 19th of December, 1869, to Dame Julie F. Schiller, sister of the late Charles E. Schiller, clerk of the Crown. His two sons, E. C. P. and G. L. H. Guy, are the only remaining members of the family in Canada. * * * * * =Thompson, David=, Northwest Pioneer Geographer.—The late Mr. Thompson was born in the parish of St. John, Westminster, England, the 30th April, 1770. He was educated at the “Blue Coat School,” London, and was perhaps for a short time a student at Oxford. When about nineteen he must have entered the service of the Hudson’s Bay Company, as in October, 1789, his journal opens at the company’s establishment at Cumberland House. An account of various journeys and surveys in the Northwest Territory of Canada then follows to May 23, 1797, when he left the service of the Hudson’s Bay Company and entered that of the North-West Company. After a number of explorations he started on foot, February 25, 1798, with a dog-team to connect the waters of the Red River and the Mississippi, thence over to Lake Superior. On April 27th he reached Turtle Lake, from which flows “Turtle Brook,” which he states to be the source of the Mississippi, since it is from here that the river takes the most direct course to the sea. Thus to this indefatigable, but hitherto almost unknown, geographer, belongs the honor of discovering the head waters of that great river. The first who is stated to have travelled through the country north of Red Cedar Lake was J. C. Beltrami, an Italian gentleman, who accompanied Major Long’s expedition as far as Pembina. He ascended Bloody (Red Lake) River to Red Lake, and from thence followed Thompson’s route to Turtle Lake, whence he descended the Mississippi to its mouth. This was in the summer of 1823, nine years after Thompson had recorded his discoveries on his map of the North-West Territories of Canada in 1813-14, now in possession of the government of Ontario. On May 10th he reached Fond-du-Lac House, two miles and a half up the river from Lake Superior. From here he surveyed the south shore of Lake Superior, arriving at the Falls of Ste. Marie on May 28th. After several journeys in the interior, we find him at Isle à la Crosse, where he was married June 10, 1799, to Charlotte Small, a young girl who had not yet entered her fifteenth year. After many very interesting explorations he re-surveyed the northern shore of Lake Superior in August, 1812. Before October of the same year he had arrived at Terrebonne, in Lower Canada, where he took up his residence and spent the two following years in preparing a map of Western Canada for the North-West Company, on a scale of about fifteen miles to an inch, from the observations he had made and the places he had visited during the previous twenty years. From 1816 to 1826 he was engaged in surveying and defining the boundary line, on the part of Great Britain, between Canada and the United States. In 1834 he surveyed Lake Francis. In 1837 he made a survey of the canoe route from Lake Huron to the Ottawa river, and a few years later he made a survey of Lake St. Peter. His last years were spent either in Glengarry county, Ontario, or in Longueuil, opposite Montreal, where he died on the 16th of February, 1857, at the age of nearly eighty-seven years. His wife survived him by only about three months. They are both buried in the Mount Royal Cemetery, Montreal. He died in extreme poverty, and it was due to the kindness of some of his old friends that he received a Christian burial. H. H. Bancroft, who has collected very many interesting details about the old travellers and traders in the west, gives the following account of his personal appearance:—“David Thompson was an entirely different order of man from the orthodox fur trader. Tall and fine-looking, of sandy complexion, with large features, deep-set, studious eyes, high forehead and broad shoulders, the intellectual was well set upon the physical. His deeds have never been trumpeted as those of some of the others, but in the westward exploration of the North-West Company no man performed more valuable service or estimated his achievements more modestly.” * * * * * =Davie, George Taylor=, Levis and Quebec, is one of the prominent figures in the shipping trade of the port of Quebec, and few men of his day have done more to promote it, as well as to lessen the perils incidental to the navigation of the St. Lawrence. He was born in the city of Quebec, in the year 1828. His parents were both English—his father being the late Alison Davie, master mariner, of Yarmouth, England, and his mother Miss Taylor, daughter of the late George Taylor, of Shields, who came to Canada in 1811, establishing himself at Quebec, and was for many years a leading ship-builder at that port. In 1827, Mr. Taylor, acting under instructions from the Earl of Dalhousie, then governor-general of Canada, built at his yard in Quebec, a splendid gun-brig or frigate named the _Kingfisher_, for the Imperial naval service. The Quebec _Gazette_ of the 17th May, 1827, reporting the launching of this vessel three days previously, and the ceremonial on the occasion, referred in the most commendatory terms to the beauty of its model, and to Mr. Taylor’s skill and enterprise as a shipwright, mentioning also the presentation to him, by the governor-general, of a magnificent silver cup as a memento of the event. This precious _souvenir_, which is of massive silver, and valued at £40 sterling, bears the arms of the Dalhousie family and a suitable inscription, and is surmounted by a cover the handle of which is formed by a beautifully chiselled figure of the unicorn. The whole is encased in a handsome mahogany box, and preserved as a cherished heirloom in the family of Mr. Taylor’s descendants, being now in the possession of his grandson, G. T. Davie, the subject of this sketch. The _Kingfisher_, which carried eighteen guns, was afterwards sent to England under the command of Captain Rayside, who was, later on, deputy harbor-master at Quebec, and, still later, harbor-master of Montreal. Mr. Davie was educated at Gale’s boarding school, at St. Augustin, some twenty-five miles from Quebec, but was taken early from school to learn the trade of the shipwright. Arrived at the age of manhood, he went into the shipbuilding business on his own account, and successfully built a large number of ocean vessels, as well as river, tug and passenger boats; he came into possession of the patent slip at Levis, opposite Quebec, on the death of his father, who, in 1832, first introduced it, which bears his name, and which has proved of such immense advantage to the shipping trade of the St. Lawrence. This valuable convenience he still runs in connection with his floating docks and the wrecking business, in which he has been engaged with the greatest success for some years. Indeed it is no exaggeration to say that Mr. Davie’s improved appliances for raising and saving wrecks, and his skill and enterprise in that line, have been the means of rescuing millions worth of property from total loss in the river and gulf of St. Lawrence, and fairly constitute him a public benefactor. Among the more important property of this kind which he has snatched from destruction on Anticosti, St. Pierre, Miquelon, and elsewhere, may be mentioned the steamships _Corean_, of the Allan line, _Vendolana_, _Warwick_, _River_, _Ettrick_, _Colina_, _Douro_, _Amaryllis_, _Titanic_, and _Lake Huron_. In some instances the salvages of these vessels was a real feat of skill and daring without parallel in the history of the wrecking business on the St. Lawrence, and Mr. Davie can fairly lay claim to the title of the most successful of Canadian wreckers. The first vessel to be docked and repaired in the new graving dock was the s. s. _Titania_, which Mr. Davie had successfully hauled off Anticosti, where it would have been otherwise doomed to destruction, having been condemned by surveyors and bought from underwriters by him. The execution of the repairs to this vessel, also by Mr. Davie, further proved that work of this magnitude can now be done as well in Canada as on the Clyde. Indeed, Mr. Davie has erected at the Levis graving dock repair shops, as complete in all respects as the best on the other side of the Atlantic, and the shipping trade of the St. Lawrence has been thus provided with an important and long needed facility which must tend to its increase and prosperity. In other respects, also, Mr. Davie is known as a public-spirited citizen. He has served for about ten years in the town council of Levis as the representative of Lauzon ward, and is a large employer of labor on that side of the river. On the 3rd of September, 1860, he married Mary Euphemia Patton, daughter of the late Duncan Patton, of Indian Cove, in his day one of the great lumber merchants of Quebec, and by her has issue a number of children, who are still in their teens. He has travelled considerably in Canada, England, and the United States, but always on business. * * * * * =Kenny, Thomas Edward=, M.P. for the County of Halifax, N.S., was born in Halifax city on the 12th October, 1833. He is the eldest son of the Hon. Sir Edward Kenny, knight, former member of the Queen’s Privy Council for Canada. There were two young Irishmen, Thomas and Edward Kenny, natives of county Kerry, who came to Halifax in 1824, and there, four years later, established the wholesale dry goods house of T. & E. Kenny. Sir Edward Kenny was born in 1800, and married, in 1832, Anne, daughter of Michael Forrestall. He and his wife are still living in green old age. He has been for sixty years a leading representative of the Catholics in Halifax, having been mayor of the city, twice president of the Charitable Irish Society (the great Irish social organization of Halifax), a director of the Union Bank, and also of the Merchants Bank of Halifax, and a commissioner for signing provincial notes. He sat in the Legislative Council for twenty-six years, during eleven of which he was president of that body. Upon the forming of Sir John A. Macdonald’s first government under confederation, in July, 1867, Sir Edward Kenny was sworn in a privy councillor, and appointed receiver-general in the ministry. He held this office until October, 1869, when he was transferred to the presidency of the privy council. He retired from the cabinet in May, 1870, when he was appointed administrator of the government of Nova Scotia. He was created a knight by her Majesty in September, 1872. He never represented a constituency in the House of Commons, but sat in the Senate from 1867 to 1870, when he resigned. During all these years he and his brother Thomas carried on the dry goods business, and on retiring from its management placed it in the hands of T. E. Kenny, under whom it has grown and prospered. Thomas Kenny built himself a handsome residence on the borders of Bedford Basin, not far from the Duke of Kent’s classic lodge. It has recently been sold to a corporation for the use of the ladies of the Convent of the Sacred Heart, Spring Garden road, Halifax. The subject of this sketch was educated at Stonyhurst College, the great educational institution of the Jesuits in England, and also spent some time at St. Servais College, at Liege, in Belgium. Having finished his studies and his travels for that time, Mr. Kenny returned to Halifax, and assumed a position in the dry goods business. Of late years he has been extensively interested in shipbuilding, which he carried on in the counties of Kings, Hants, Colchester, Pictou and Cumberland. He was especially interested in shipbuilding with Alfred Putnam, of Maitland, the popular M.P. of Hants county. In 1866 he had built in England the iron ship Eskasoni, of 1,715 tons. A branch of the firm’s business is carried on in London, England, under the management of F. C. Mahon. In dry goods the firm does an extensive wholesale trade at their massive granite emporium at the corner of Granville and George streets, Halifax, employing a large staff of clerks and other employés, and keeping a number of travellers on the circuit in the maritime provinces. Mr. Kenny, like his father, is a man of great geniality, wit and common-sense. He has been president of the Charitable Irish Society, and is president of the Merchants Bank of Halifax, the bank doing, perhaps, the largest business in the city, excepting the Bank of Nova Scotia. He has been a warm friend of many new industries, having taken a prominent part in starting the N.S. Cotton Manufacturing Co., of which he is a director, as well as a large stockholder in the sugar refinery. When, two years ago, there was a disposition on the part of some of the shareholders to sell out the refinery and wind up the concern, Mr. Kenny took an active part in organizing a new company, and was instrumental in securing to Halifax the advantages of this great industry. Mr. Kenny is a director of the North Sydney Marine Railway Co.; a trustee of the Western Counties Railway Co.; and a member of the Royal Commission on Railways. His brother and business partner, Edward Kenny, was one of those Halifax merchants who were lost in the _City of Boston_, the Inman liner, which left Halifax in the early part of 1869, and was never afterwards heard of. Another of the family is a member of the Society of Jesus, who began life as a successful lawyer, but entered the priesthood. The youngest brother, Jeremiah F. Kenny, does business in Halifax as an insurance agent. A sister of theirs is the wife of M. Bowes Daly, ex-M.P. for Halifax county, and another is mother superior of the Convent of the Sacred Heart, Halifax. T. E. Kenny was married in New York, on the 2nd of October, 1856, to Margaret Jones, daughter of the Hon. M. Burke, of New York. He has several children and grandchildren. His eldest son, Captain Kenny, was an officer in the Halifax battalion which served during the Northwest rebellion in 1885. Mr. Kenny resides at a charming residence, called Thornvale, on the banks of the North-West Arm, about three miles from his warehouse in the city, and it is a lovely spot in summer, having abundant facilities for boating and bathing. Here, in the enjoyment of every beauty of wave and sky, surrounded by luxuries of every description, and furnished with everything that conduces to comfort and repose, the busy merchant and politician takes his ease. In the _rôle_ of politician Mr. Kenny, through the absorbing nature of his commercial pursuits, has never until lately taken a prominent position, but he has made his influence, though silently, none the less powerfully felt in the sphere of politics for many years. He has repeatedly been offered the nomination as standard-bearer in the House of Commons of the Halifax Conservatives, but, until the nomination was forced upon him, on the eve of the general election of February, 1887, never accepted. As a well-known Catholic in the city, his approbation of measures affecting his co-religionists has always been sought. He and John F. Stairs were the government candidates, and were opposed by such well-known and experienced men as the Hon. A. G. Jones, ex-minister of militia, and H. H. Fuller. The vote stood—Jones, 4,243; Kenny, 4,181, defeating Stairs, 4,099; Fuller, 4,098. Thus Messrs. Jones and Kenny represent Halifax county. Mr. Kenny distinguished himself during the campaign by his unfailing good nature, cheery Irish wit and great good judgment. In the Commons the same useful qualities have secured for him general respect and esteem. Although getting up in years, Mr. Kenny is possessed of a tall form and commanding presence, and enjoys vigorous health. He has probably many years ahead of him, during which honors and emoluments will be heaped upon him. Electors voted for Jones and Kenny because, according to the popular cry, they were the best men, quite independently of their political leanings. Few, if any, counties in the Dominion are better represented in parliament than Halifax, N.S. * * * * * =Rose, George Maclean=, Printer and Publisher, Toronto. A writer in “The Scot in British North America,” says that Mr. Rose has been so long and prominently associated with the development of Canadian literature that his name may well be introduced in this connection. He was born in Wick, Caithness-shire, Scotland, on the 14th of March, 1829, and learned the printing trade in the office of the _John O’ Groat Journal_. A year after he had attained his majority the family settled in Canada. He entered the employ of the late John C. Becket, of Montreal, who was then engaged in the publication of the Montreal _Witness_ and other journals. After the death of his father, which took place in 1853, the care of the family devolved upon him. The means at his command were but scanty, but in partnership with his elder brother, Henry, he started a small job-printing office, in Montreal, and by strict industry and economy they obtained a fair measure of success. In 1856 they dissolved partnership, George having become convinced that Western Canada offered more scope for his energies than Montreal. In connection with John Muir he established the _Chronicle_, in the village of Merrickville, but he did not remain there any length of time. Among his other engagements about this period, was that of city editor of the London _Prototype_. In 1858 he came to Toronto as manager of the printing office of Samuel Thompson, for whom he published the Toronto _Atlas_, started in opposition to the _Colonist_, which had taken ground adverse to the government of the day. Mr. Thompson having obtained the contract for government printing, Mr. Rose was assigned to take the management of the office in Quebec, whither he removed in 1859. This arrangement did not long continue. Mr. Thompson found himself unable financially to carry out his contract alone, and a company was organized for the purpose, including Mr. Rose and Robert Hunter, an experienced accountant. Mr. Thompson retired from the business altogether soon afterwards, leaving it to the new firm of Hunter, Rose & Co., who completed the contract and secured its renewal. On the removal of the seat of government to Ottawa in 1865, the firm of course followed. A large and lucrative business was soon built up, and in 1868 a branch was established at Toronto, the firm having secured a ten years contract for the printing of the Provincial government. In 1871 their relations with the Dominion government terminated, and the business was consolidated in Toronto. The firm now entered extensively into the business of publishing Canadian reprints of English copyright books, principally the popular novels of living writers, for which a ready market was found. The firm honestly compensated the authors whose works they reproduced, although this of course placed them at a disadvantage as compared with the piratical publishers of the United States. Another and probably a greater service to the intellectual progress of the country rendered by this enterprising firm, was the publication—at first for others, but latterly at their own risk—of the “Canadian Monthly,” the last and by far the best literary magazine ever issued in this country. This venture unfortunately did not prove pecuniarily successful, and though sustained for many years with a liberality and public spirit highly creditable to the publishers, was at length discontinued. In 1877 the death of Mr. Hunter left Mr. Rose the sole member of the firm, and a year afterwards he took his brother, Daniel, into the concern, the well-known firm name being still retained. Widely as George M. Rose is known to the Canadian people as a successful and enterprising publisher, he has acquired a still more extensive reputation by his unselfish exertions in the cause of temperance and moral reform. A life-long total abstainer and prohibitionist, he has taken an active part in temperance work in connection with various organizations. He has attained the highest offices in the gift of the Sons of Temperance in the Dominion, having been several times chosen to fill the chair of grand worthy patriarch of the order both in Quebec and Ontario, and has also held the second highest position conferrable by that order for the whole continent, having been most worthy associate of the National Division of America. His heart and purse are always open to the appeals for the advancement of the Temperance cause, which he regards as being of vastly more importance than mere party issues. Though a Liberal, politically, he regards all public issues from the standpoint of Temperance reform. Personally Mr. Rose is genial, sociable and unassuming. As his career shows, he has abundant business capacity, and the enthusiasm which forms so strong a feature of his character is well regulated by a fund of practical common sense. For a number of years Mr. Rose has been an active member of the Board of Trade. In 1881 he was elected vice-president of the board, and the following year (1882) was chosen president. On the expiration of his term of office, in 1883, he was elected treasurer, and has been annually re-elected to fill this office ever since. For a number of years he has also been a director of the Ontario Bank. In politics Mr. Rose is a prohibitionist, and in religion a Unitarian. In 1856 he was married to Margaret C. J. L. Manson, daughter of the late William Manson, farmer, Oxford county, and has had a family of ten children—nine of whom survive, six sons and three daughters. * * * * * =LaRocque, Basile=, M.D., St. John’s, province Quebec, was born at Chambly, January 10th, 1813, of the marriage of Joseph Henry LaRocque, a respectable and intelligent farmer of that locality, having for wife a Miss Lafontaine, allied to the same family which has furnished to the country the Hon. Sir Louis H. Lafontaine, whose political _rôle_ belongs to history, and whose career at the bar was sufficiently brilliant to make him chief justice of the Queen’s Bench for the province of Quebec. Dr. LaRocque is the third son of a family of seven brothers, of whom the eldest became the distinguished bishop of the diocese of St. Hyacinthe, P.Q. The doctor completed his classical course at the College of St. Hyacinthe, in 1828. Among the number of his schoolfellows was Louis Antoine Dessaulles, a man of talent, a remarkable writer, author of several works, legislative councillor under the union, and afterwards registrar for the Crown for the district of Montreal at the end of his career in this country. His course terminated, the doctor began his medical studies under Dr. Vimbler at Chambly, and at Marieville under Dr. Davignon, who played a notable part in Canadian politics, but removed from there to the University of Vermont, at Woodstock, then in great repute owing to its scientific professors. He ultimately settled at Burlington, where he was prosperous and successful. On the 1st July, 1837, our subject successfully passed his examinations at Quebec, and was admitted to the practice of medicine. He commenced his medical career at St. John’s, but in a short time left there and settled at Acadie, where his brother was then curate and afterwards became bishop. Here he lived for thirty years, occupying at different periods many prominent positions of trust and confidence, such as justice of the peace, school trustee, judge of summary causes, etc., etc., and being offered on several occasions by the leading men of the parish and of the county of St. John’s, parliamentary candidature. The doctor preferred a calm, quiet life, practising his profession for the love of science and duty, and passing his leisure time in the contemplation of nature and its beauties. After the decease of one of his best friends, Dr. Wright, he was persuaded by many who fully appreciated his talents to settle at St. John’s in 1871, where, notwithstanding his advanced age, he continued the practice of his profession, alike attending poor and rich, through all the inclemency and rigor of a trying climate, and bringing hope and comfort to many weary sufferers by his kind, genial manners. Dr. LaRocque refused on several occasions the honor of being a professor of the School of Medicine at Montreal, his modest tastes leading him rather to charitable acts and the pursuit of an unostentatious, useful life. The doctor married at Acadie, on the 18th January, 1843, Melanie Quesnel, eldest daughter of Dr. Quesnel, brother of the celebrated lawyer, Hon. Auguste F. Quesnel, barrister, etc., and an old member of the Legislative Council under the union. Of this marriage there were sixteen children, of whom seven are living. One died in holy orders, and two daughters as nuns. The eldest surviving son is Dr. Henry LaRocque, practising at Plattsburg, where he holds an enviable position among his American _confrères_, enjoying a splendid professional reputation; Emile, a doctor at Malone; Alphonse, surgeon dentist at Worcester; and Joseph, a doctor at Biddeford; Marine Hector, apothecary at St. John’s, P.Q.; and William, manager and proprietor of a large commercial house in St. John’s. Dr. Basile LaRocque is one of those men whose capabilities and talents have shown themselves in spite of his humility of character and modest tastes. Those who bear his name have reason to be proud of it. * * * * * =Black, Thomas R.=, Amherst, Nova Scotia, M.P.P. for Cumberland county, was born at Amherst, 16th October, 1832. His paternal grandfather was a native of England, having been born there in 1727, and emigrated to Nova Scotia in 1774, where he married the daughter of a U. E. loyalist. Mr. Black, the subject of our sketch, received his education in the Grammar School in Amherst, and after leaving school turned his attention to farming and other business pursuits. He first entered the Legislative Assembly in July, 1884, having been returned by acclamation to fill the vacancy caused by the retirement of C. J. Townsend, who had been elected to represent Cumberland county, in the House of Commons at Ottawa. On the dissolution of the Legislative Assembly in May, 1886, Cumberland was one of the few constituencies in which the question of the repeal of the federal compact was not an essential element in the campaign; the contest was, therefore, run on personal grounds, and at the close of the poll the popularity of Mr. Black was evinced by the large number of votes that had been given him. The votes stood thus: T. R. Black, 2,083; R. L. Black, 2,064; G. W. Forrest, 1,939; C. J. McFarlane, 1,855; and G. B. Wilson, 341. Mr. Black is a justice of the peace. That he is public-spirited, we have only to point to the handsome block of buildings he has lately erected in his native town. The first stone building erected at Amherst was the passenger station of the Intercolonial Railway, built by the Dominion government in 1867; the second the Dominion building, containing the public offices, built by the government in 1886; but the first erected by private enterprise is that now under notice. It has a front of 100 ft., is 60 ft. deep, and has three stories above basement, including Mansard roof, the whole height being 50 ft. The material used throughout is dark red sandstone from the quarry of A. B. Black, two and three quarter miles distant. It is of a darker shade than that in the Dominion building, and from tests at Ottawa and Boston has been pronounced to have, in addition to its admirable appearance, all the requisites for a first-class building stone, as it is easily worked, durable, and fire-resisting. The whole work was done by day’s work under the immediate superintendence of the owner and of his son, William, the latter spending all his time at the building and the quarry; and the judicious manner in which he managed the erection of derricks, hoisting of stone, and general supervision being specially noteworthy in one so young. It is considered that if the work had been let in the ordinary way the building would have cost $30,000 or upwards, but Mr. Black, by taking two years to build it, was able with his resources to construct it for a considerably smaller sum. It is the good fortune of Amherst to have citizens like Mr. Black. The value of building property in town, purchased, built and improved by him within the last few years must be about $45,000. He too takes a deep interest in farming and stock-raising enterprises, and has imported a good number of valuable Hereford stock into his county, which has benefited the community greatly. Mr. Black is a staunch temperance man, and strong advocate of all movements that have for their object the elevation of his fellow men. In politics he is a Liberal, but not an avowed follower of any party. “Measures before Party” is his motto. He was married on the 20th March, 1860, to Eunice, daughter of the late W. W. Bent, who, during his lifetime, was a member of the Provincial parliament. * * * * * =MacMahon, Hon. Hugh=, Toronto, Judge of the Supreme Court of Judicature for Ontario, Common Pleas Division, is of Irish descent, and was born in Guelph, Ont., the 6th March, 1836. The progenitors of the family were originally from Monaghan, in Ireland, and in the troublous times of the last of the reigning Stuarts, a number of MacMahons held important positions in their native country. Colonel Art Oge MacMahon, besides holding a military command, was King James II.’s lord-lieutenant for the county Monaghan; while Hugh MacMahon, great-granduncle of the subject of this present sketch, was lieutenant-colonel of Gordon O’Neil’s Charlemont regiment of foot. This crack corps, upon its reorganization, after the Treaty of Limerick (1691), took service in France with the famous “Irish Brigade.” Reverses of fortune having impoverished the family, Mr. MacMahon’s father came to Canada in 1819, from Cootehill, county Cavan, Ireland, and settled in the Niagara district. He brought with him an excellent library of classical and mathematical works; and, as he possessed high attainments as a classical scholar, he opened school at Grimsby, where many of the youth of the western section of Upper Canada were prepared for the professions. Mr. MacMahon, senior, was one of the earliest appointed provincial land surveyors, and made the preliminary surveys of many of the townships in the lately formed province. His wife, who still survives him, and is now in her 91st year, is Anne MacGovern, a relative of the late Bishop MacGovern, of the county of Cavan. In 1853, Hugh MacMahon, our present subject, then in his seventeenth year, entered the Board of Works department of Canada, of which the Hon. H. H. Killaly was at the time commissioner, and was placed on the staff of Colonel W. B. Gallaway, C.E., as second assistant engineer. In this capacity Mr. MacMahon took part in making surveys and in preparing estimates for the projected Ottawa Ship Canal between Ottawa and Aylmer. He was also engaged in the surveys and plans for the Chats Canal, and was one of the resident engineers during the time these works were under construction. In 1857, when the monetary crisis of that year compelled the government to relinquish the latter undertaking, and when civil engineering was much depressed by the stoppage of public works, Mr. MacMahon left the service of the department, though strongly urged to remain at Ottawa by the chief of the staff. The next year, having become a matriculant of the Law Society, we find him in the law office of Thomas Robertson, Q.C., then practising in Dundas. Pursuing the legal profession, he was called to the bar in 1864, when he entered into partnership with his brother, Thomas B. MacMahon, late judge of the county of Norfolk, then practising in Brantford. Five years afterwards, on the elevation of the late John Wilson to a judgeship of the Court of Queen’s Bench, Hugh MacMahon removed to London, Ontario, where, in a few years, he built up the largest and most lucrative legal business in the west. His universally acknowledged acquirements as a commercial lawyer, sound judgment, and scrupulous honor brought him the confidence of the mercantile community throughout the country, and he became the solicitor and trusted adviser of many large firms. In 1876 he was created Queen’s counsel by the Ontario government, and in 1885 the Dominion ministry paid him a like high honor. Mr. MacMahon’s talents as an advocate won for him a successful career at the bar, and he has been retained as counsel in some of the most important civil and criminal cases before the courts. In 1877 he was retained by the Dominion government as leading counsel in the arbitration between the Federal government and the province of Ontario, in the protracted dispute over the western and northern boundaries of the province; and in the following year he argued the case before Sir Edward Thornton, British minister at Washington, and the Hon. Sir Francis Hincks, arbitrators for the Dominion, and Chief Justice R. A. Harrison, who represented Ontario. Their award, as our readers are aware, settled the western boundary of the province. In 1884, Mr. MacMahon was associated with Christopher Robinson, Q.C., and went to England as one of the counsel for the Dominion, when the boundary question was submitted to the judicial committee of Her Majesty’s Privy Council. The decision of this body, it is a matter of history, virtually confirmed the award of the previous arbitrators. We now come to a notable incident in Mr. MacMahon’s professional career—his retention as counsel for the prisoners in the celebrated Biddulph tragedy case. This _cause célèbre_, it will be remembered, arose out of the revolting murder of five members of the Donnelly family, residing in the township of Biddulph, when no less than fifteen persons were arrested for alleged complicity in the affair, though but five of them were subsequently prosecuted. Mr. MacMahon was retained as counsel on behalf of the prisoners, who, in 1880, were indicted by the grand jury for murder. Subsequently the Crown, deeming the evidence against James Carroll stronger than against the other prisoners, he was first brought to trial. The first jury disagreeing on their verdict, application was made for a change of venue, owing to the intense excitement over the tragedy at London; but this was refused. Carroll was again placed on his trial before a special commission, composed of two judges, and the proceedings extended over a week. The excitement was still intense; the court-room was thronged daily by great crowds of people; while representatives of the leading journals came from the chief cities to report the proceedings. The chief incidents of the early days of the trial were the skilful cross-examination of the Crown witnesses by Mr. MacMahon, which resulted in breaking down much of the case against the prisoner. The interest culminated in Mr. MacMahon’s singularly able speech for the defence, which created intense excitement in the court-room, and was favorably commented on by the legal profession and the press of the country. The Toronto _Mail_ thus referred to the speech:—“Mr. MacMahon rose to address the jury at 1.40 p.m., and as he took his stand in front of the jury-box, the silence of death fell upon the immense concourse assembled in the court-room. The address, which lasted for over two hours, was a fine effort. It was not characterized by any remarkable flights of eloquence, nor did the learned counsel try to play upon the feelings of the jurors. It was, however, a clear, concise and able argument, which left a deep impression.” The _Globe_, portraying the scene in the court-house prior to the address of the counsel for the defence, said: “Long before the half-hour’s intermission had been brought to a close the corridors of the courthouse were packed with an excited throng, eagerly pressing forward to gain admission to the court-room, which was already so densely crowded that not another could be admitted. The scene inside the court-room was one long to be remembered. It was not the seats alone that were crowded. The steps leading to the bench, and every vacant chair within the bar was occupied, while more than half of the standing room in the aisles were occupied by ladies.” The same journal in the course of a lengthy report of the speech, observes: “When the judges took their places on the bench, after the adjournment, Mr. MacMahon rose to address the jury on behalf of the prisoners. The most absolute quiet reigned throughout the court-room, and after the learned counsel for the defence had uttered his first few sentences the crowded court-room was so hushed that one might almost have heard the fall of a pin. For two hours the learned and eloquent gentleman enchained not only the attention of their lordships and the jury, but the vast throng in the crowded court-room. The address was not what would be called a flowery one, but it was earnest, eloquent and exhaustive. Not a point that could be made to tell in favor of the prisoner was overlooked, while the most favorable and plausible construction was put upon those points that bore hardest against him. During a part of the address the prisoner sat up in the dock and listened attentively, while his sister seemed to devour every word that fell from the speaker’s lips. . . . The learned counsel for the defence closed his very able and eloquent address with a solemn and pathetic appeal to the jury on behalf of the prisoner. . . . The efforts of the defence had been a series of masterpieces, throughout the long trial; but it was felt that with the eloquent and exhaustive _résumé_ of the evidence by Mr. MacMahon, these efforts had come to a close, and that nothing remained as an offset to what the Crown had to present.” The prisoner was acquitted, and the scene in the court-room and in the vicinity of the court-house was indescribable. Speaking of the memorable trial, another Toronto journal subsequently remarked: that Mr. MacMahon’s address to the jury “is still remembered as one of the most brilliant efforts of oratory ever heard within the walls of London court-house.” While a resident of London, Mr. MacMahon was mainly instrumental, in connection with Colonel James Shanly, in founding the Irish Benevolent Society in that city, of which both gentlemen, at various times, were president. This successful national society has been conducted irrespective of creed, and has been of the greatest possible good, in allaying religious prejudices and in softening religious rancour among the Irish residents of the Forest City. At the general elections of 1872 Mr. MacMahon unsuccessfully contested the City of London, for a seat in the House of Commons, against the Hon. John Carling; and again in 1878 he was a candidate for the County of Kent, against Rufus Stephenson, the then sitting member, but was defeated. Mr. MacMahon removed to Toronto at the close of the year 1883, where he successfully practised his profession. His wide legal experience, forceful and pleasing manner in addressing juries, and great natural and acquired abilities, made him one of the leading _nisi prius_ lawyers on the western circuit. On the 30th November, 1887, he was appointed judge of the Supreme Court of Judicature for Ontario, Common Pleas Division. Outside of his profession, Judge MacMahon is a man of very considerable culture and much fondness for art, his judgment as a _connoisseur_ of paintings being frequently appealed to. His collection of paintings has been much admired, and indicates a highly educated taste. In 1864 Mr. MacMahon married Isabel Janet, eldest daughter of the late Simon Mackenzie, of Belleville, by whom he has two sons. * * * * * =Ryan, Hon. Patrick George=, Caraquet, N.B., M.P.P. for Gloucester county, was born at Bathurst, N.B., 9th May, 1838. He is of Irish descent, his parents having come from the Emerald Isle many years ago. Hon. Mr. Ryan received his early education at the Grammar School in Bathurst. After finishing his studies he went into business as a manufacturer of leather, for the preparing and tanning of which Caraquet possesses exceptional facilities. The town is situated on an inlet of Baie des Chaleurs, forty-eight miles from Bathurst. It is one of the most important fishing stations in the Dominion. The lighthouse on Caraquet Island, at the entrance to the harbor, exhibits a fixed white light fifty-two feet above the level of the sea. Bathurst, Mr. Ryan’s native place, is the shire town of Gloucester county, and is situated on Bathurst Bay, a well-sheltered sheet of water, three and a half miles long and two miles wide, opening into Baie des Chaleurs. Here an extensive trade in the salmon fishery is carried on. The Intercolonial Railway runs near the town. Hon. Mr. Ryan has for many years been a leading man in his constituency, and is one of the county magistrates. He has also held the position of warden of the municipality of Gloucester, and has been chairman of the pilotage commission for the district of Caraquet. He began political life in February, 1876, when he was elected to the House of Assembly. Mr. Ryan exhibited in the house the same forcible business qualities which had caused him to be respected outside. At the general election of 1878 he was again nominated, and was a second time elected. At the general election, held 15th June, 1882, he contested his constituency for the third time with success. His great natural abilities, and his long experience as a parliamentarian, now entitled Mr. Ryan to a share of honors, and, on the 3rd of March, 1883, he was appointed a member of the Executive Council and chief commissioner of the board of works. He was considered to be so sure of his seat in the house that when he went to his constituency no opposition was offered to him, and he was re-elected by acclamation, 26th March, 1883. Hon. Mr. Ryan, as a departmental officer, amply fulfilled the expectations formed of him by the premier and attorney-general, Hon. A. G. Blair. The latest general election was held 26th April, 1886, and the government returned from the country unbroken. Messrs. Young and Ryan, the sitting members, were opposed by such strong candidates as T. J. McManus and T. Blanchard; but the former won easily, the vote standing—Young, 1,212; Hon. P. G. Ryan, 1,177; defeating McManus, 988; Blanchard, 835. Hon. Mr. Ryan is a staunch Liberal, and believes in progressive measures. He married, 26th January, 1862, Margaret, daughter of John Murphy. While yet in the prime of life, possessed of a good private business, and well to the fore in political position, he has probably still many years of usefulness ahead of him. The north shore of New Brunswick, with its extensive forests and fisheries, will come up as a manufacturing centre. Financial reverses have to some extent, during the last few years, hindered the prosperity of the country, but with the increase of railways and the consequent diversion of travel in this direction, will come a new era of commercial and industrial activity. Such men as Hon. P. G. Ryan are the backbone and life of the country. * * * * * =Wainwright, William=, Assistant Manager Grand Trunk Railway, Montreal, like not a few of the prominent railway men of North America, is a native of England. He was born in a city which, from its situation and industrial and commercial importance, could not fail to be closely associated with whatever was most enterprising in the British railway movement of from forty to fifty years ago. It was not surprising that a young man of ability and ambition should be early attracted to a branch of business which had prizes for those who could win them. Mr. Wainwright, born on 30th of April, 1840, was not quite eighteen when he entered the service in January, 1858. He applied himself diligently to the tasks assigned him, and that he succeeded in mastering them in all their details was shown by the successive steps of promotion of which he was deemed worthy by his superiors. He began as junior clerk in the chief accountant’s office, but in due time rose to the positions of senior clerk, secretary to assistant-general manager, and general manager of the road with which he was connected. That line was the Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway, which traverses a most important portion of central England. In 1862, Mr. Wainwright came to Canada and obtained a position on the Grand Trunk. For a year, he served as senior clerk in the accountant’s office. Then he was appointed secretary to the managing director, and in that capacity he continued for three years. We next find him filling the office of senior clerk in the manager director’s department, and taking charge of the car mileage. Thus passed six years more, and then Mr. Wainwright became general passenger agent. As such he was widely known and gave general satisfaction as well to his colleagues and superiors as to the public that had dealings with him. He remained in that position for upwards of eight years, until in May, 1881, he received the appointment of assistant-manager, the duties of which he still so ably discharges. Mr. Wainwright was also general manager of the North Shore Railway, from April, 1883, until the transfer of that line to the Canadian Pacific Railway. Mr. Wainwright is highly esteemed in private life, being as agreeable in social intercourse as he is assiduous and conscientious in the discharge of his official duties. * * * * * =Rose, Hon. Justice John E.=, LL.D., Toronto, one of the Judges of the Court of Common Pleas, was born at Willowdale, county of York, on the 4th of October, 1844. His father, who came from the vicinity of Kingston, was born in 1806, and is at the present time the oldest Methodist minister in Canada, and was long and favorably known to the denomination as the manager for many years of the Methodist book concern in Toronto. His mother, who belongs to the Street family, was a native of the Niagara District. Judge Rose received his early education at the Dundas Grammar School, and after a successful academic course at Victoria College, Cobourg, graduated there in 1864. Making choice of law for his profession, he diligently pursued his studies in the offices of Ross, Bell & Holden, of Belleville, and of Patterson, Beaty, & Hamilton, of Toronto. In 1866 he took his degree in law, and in the following year was called to the bar of the province. He commenced the practice of his profession in Toronto, and was soon successful in building up a large and remunerative business, the firm ultimately including five partners and giving employment to about a score of clerks. In 1881 he obtained his silk gown as Queen’s counsel, and with this merited honor and the enhanced professional status, came increase of business and the continued confidence of a large and rapidly extending circle of clients. He was specially retained by Parkdale to procure from the railway committee of the Privy Council an order for the construction of the sub-way on Queen street, which was the first order of the kind made under the Act, and was obtained in spite of the opposition of four powerful railway companies. Mr. Rose was equally successful in conducting the well-known case of Moore v. the Mutual Insurance Company which eventually was decided in the plaintiff’s favor by the Imperial Privy Counsel; and in other important suits of a commercial character his professional abilities have won him deserved honors. From an early age he took a deep interest in the affairs of the Methodist church, and became an active and zealous worker in its ranks. He was at first connected with Elm street Church, Toronto, but on the erection of the Metropolitan Church he associated himself with those who were the founders of that edifice, and on Dr. Punshon’s departure for England he became an official member and trustee of the Metropolitan Church, and the recording secretary of the board. Mr. Rose is also a member of the Senate of Victoria University, in whose affairs he takes a warm interest, and in 1886 that university conferred upon him the honorary degree of LL.D. In 1883 the Dominion government appointed him to a judgeship in the Common Pleas Division of the High Court of Justice for Ontario, rendered vacant by the elevation of Mr. Justice Osler to the Court of Appeal. The appointment gave universal satisfaction to the profession, by whom the learned judge is held in high esteem, for to this elevated and honorable position on the bench of his native province Mr. Rose brought eminent abilities, a well read, judicial mind, industrious and pains-taking habits, and a ready faculty of discerning the essential points of a case and of soundly determining the law. In not a few of his charges to juries he has shown himself a wholesome and stern moralist, and determined to exercise for good his high position on the bench. Judge Rose was a Liberal Conservative in politics. In 1868 he married Kate Macdonald, of Toronto, by whom he has three children. * * * * * =Macallum, Archibald=, M.A., LL.B., Hamilton, Ontario, was born in the parish of Killmichell, Argyleshire, Scotland, on the first day of August, 1824. His parents were Donald and Mary Macalpine Macallum. He was the third son and the eighth child in a family of eleven. When he was about six years of age he came with the other members of the household to Canada, and after a short delay settled in East Hawkesbury, county of Prescott. He was, during the first fourteen years of his life, a healthy, active boy, full of life and spirits, and always cheerful and hopeful. But at the end of that period he had a severe attack of inflammation of the lungs, which, owing to the heroic treatment then in vogue, permanently weakened his constitution and probably laid the foundation of the disease that caused his early and lamented death. During Mr. Macallum’s boyhood he spent a number of years in attending school and working at intervals on the farm. The facilities for securing an education were, in those days, and in that locality, very limited. The schools in the country sections were of an inferior character, and books were difficult to obtain, but by availing himself of every opportunity of securing tuition, and perseverance in private study, he was enabled, at a comparatively early age, to fit himself, in some measure at least, for the profession of a teacher, and taught for a few years in his own vicinity with acceptance and success. Sometimes, in order to keep ahead of his more advanced pupils, he was compelled to study with great diligence in the intervals of school work, but he then formed the habit of constant progress in the search for knowledge which remained with him for life. He was always advancing in his attainments, and never satisfied with the progress he had made. Once only did he yield to the restlessness and love of change that characterize the average boy. He tried for one winter the life of a lumbering man, and went to Quebec on a raft during the following summer; but that life was not to his taste, and he returned to the work of teaching. When the Normal School at Toronto was about to be opened, the late Dr. Ryerson proposed that each county council should send one student, who, after taking the Normal course, at the expense of the council, should return and illustrate and apply, in a sort of model school, the principles he had learned in the provincial institution. In accordance with this suggestion, the council of the counties of Prescott and Russell arranged for an examination of candidates for this purpose to be held at L’Orignal. Mr. Macallum was advised to attend this examination. He succeeded in the competition, and was sent as the leading student of his county to Toronto. He was one of the earliest pupils of the Normal School, immediately took a high position, and obtained the first first-class certificate ever granted by the Educational department of Upper Canada. He was soon appointed to the position of principal of the Provincial Model School in connection with the institution in which he had received his training. Nothing could more fully show the high esteem in which he was held by the instructors of the school, and by Dr. Ryerson, who at that time took a direct personal interest in the welfare of the Normal and Model Schools. It is worthy of remark that Mr. Macallum’s high sense of honor would not allow him to accept the distinguished office offered him until he had received the full permission of the Prescott county council, and pledged himself to refund all advances made by them on his behalf. He entered upon his duties as principal with his usual energy, and from the first the Model School was a success. He secured the respect and affection of his pupils, and received many tokens of their esteem. He remained in Toronto until the year 1858, when he removed to Hamilton to take charge of the public schools in that city. He was principal of the Hamilton Central School until the passing of the Educational Act of 1874, when he became Public School Inspector. For twenty years he remained at the head of the school system of Hamilton, and the marked progress of the institutions under his care gave evidence of the ability and assiduity with which his important duties were prosecuted. He died in the midst of the people in whose service he had spent the richest and ripest years of his life. The flags flying at half-mast in every part of the city, the distinguished cortege that followed his remains to their last earthly resting-place, and the resolutions of sympathy sent to his widow from all the leading societies, told of the esteem in which he was held. Hamilton mourned for him as for an honored father. Mr. Macallum’s career as a student kept pace with his work as an educator. In 1864 he took the degree of B.A., in Toronto University; in 1866 he obtained his M.A., and in 1877 his LL.B. As an author, Mr. Macallum occupied no mean place. His publications were principally practical works on education. Several valuable charts, some historical, and one relating to the animal kingdom, were prepared by him. He was the author of a work on grammar, and another on history, and in 1878 he published an English Literature Primer, the merit of which was so universally recognized that in a single year it ran through five editions. As a lecturer he met with considerable success, choosing in almost every case scientific subjects. As a citizen and a man of business Mr. Macallum’s abilities were known and appreciated. He was a director of the Canada Fire and Marine Insurance Company, the Canada Loan and Banking Co., the Hamilton Street Railway Co., and The Hamilton Ladies’ College. In the several patriotic and fraternal societies which draw men nearer to each other, and foster brotherly feeling and national sentiment, Mr. Macallum found a worthy place. As a Scotchman he had that love for his native land that characterizes every good man and true. At the time of his death he was the honored president of the St. Andrew’s Society in Hamilton. He was an organizer, and chief, of the Caledonian Society. He was also a respected member of Barton lodge, A. F. & A. M. His charities in connection with these and other institutions were large, and so unostentatiously dispensed, that their full extent was not known until after his death. In politics Mr. Macallum was a Liberal. Though he held decided views on many of the public questions of the day, he was moderate in expressing them, and kind and considerate towards all who differed from him. He had deep convictions of the responsibilities and duties belonging to good citizenship, and he was never led by mere sentiment. He made up his mind carefully on these as well as on other subjects, and was not to be moved from his conclusions after having reached them. His piety was deep and fervent, but undemonstrative. He was not the man to parade his cherished emotions and experiences before a mixed multitude, yet with those of kindred spirit he delighted to hold Christian fellowship. His parents belonged to the Established Church of Scotland, in which communion they remained to the end of life. Their son found his way, while yet a youth, to a Wesleyan place of worship, and at the age of sixteen years, he remained after the public service to a class-meeting led by the Rev. Franklin Metcalf, and united with that church. To the day of his death he remained a Methodist, and during his residence in Hamilton he held the positions of class-leader, trustee, and steward, in the Centenary Church. He was a consistent, earnest, and thoughtful Christian, and kept himself unspotted from the world. His sympathies and efforts were not, however, confined to his own communion, for every evangelical community found in him a brother and co-worker. The esteem in which he was held by the Christian public appeared in the fact that he was chosen as the first Canadian delegate, with the Rev. Dr. Gibson (then of Montreal), to the International Sunday School Lesson Committee from 1872 to 1879, the year in which he died. His eminent literary abilities, his rich scholarship, and his profound acquaintance with the word of God, made him an exceedingly valuable workman in this important field. In connection with these duties he visited New York, Baltimore, Chicago, Indianapolis, Atlanta and New Haven. During the early part of Mr. Macallum’s residence in Toronto, he married Maria, daughter of the Rev. Ezra Adams. This union was a very happy one, though not of long duration. Her early and unexpected death was deeply felt by him. Some years after, in 1859, he married Mary Biggar, daughter of Herbert Biggar, of Mount Pleasant, in the county of Brant. Mr. Biggar is still living at the advanced age of more than eighty years. He was for some years a member of the old Canadian parliament, and served his friends nearer home for a length of time in the county council. Mr. Macallum’s second marriage was an exceedingly happy one. Their home was one of quiet comfort, made bright and beautiful by mutual kindness. All that a wise and thoughtful affection could do to aid him in health and soothe and comfort him during the lingering illness that took him away, was done. His wife and five children survive him. Though he died at the early age of fifty-five years, few names were so long and prominently before the public as an educator. For more than thirty years he occupied a position amongst the teachers of this province second to none. Largely self-educated and self-developed, he was a bright example of what may be done, with little or no aid from others. His life in the home, the school, the church, and among his fellow-citizens was one of quiet power. Few men did more for the educational interests of this country in his day than he did. But his intellectual attainments and accomplishments were rendered more influential by the unswerving integrity of his life and the moral beauty of his character. * * * * * =Cooley, Rev. John W.=, Minister of Zion Tabernacle, Methodist Church, Hamilton, was born in Toronto township, county of Peel, Ontario, on the 7th November, 1852. His parents were Thomas and Ann Cooley. The former was born on one of the Channel islands, where his father, a British soldier, was stationed about the date of the battle of Waterloo. He was brought up near Belfast. His mother was a native of Fermanagh, Ireland, and the family emigrated to Canada early in life. Mr. Cooley, senior, was for many years a missionary agent of the American Tract Society among the sailors on the Welland Canal, and was one of the most active agents in securing the closing of the canal against Sunday traffic. Rev. Mr. Cooley, the subject of our sketch, received his education chiefly in the public and high schools in Thorold, under the Rev. John McNeely, M.A.; Brampton High School, under John Seath, B.A., now High School inspector; and in the Galt Collegiate Institute, under the principalship of the late William Tassie, LL.D. In 1869 he became a public school teacher in the Central School, Owen Sound. For five years he continued in the profession, in different places, meanwhile prosecuting his studies privately, and taking an examination for teacher’s certificate each year. In the year 1873 he was appointed teacher of the Senior Boys’ School, Guelph. During this year his religious conversion took place, and he became active in the work of the Methodist church and the Guelph Young Men’s Christian Association, of which he was secretary. At the beginning of the year 1874, at the request of the chairman of the district, coupled with his own convictions, he accepted an appointment as junior preacher on the Elora circuit of the Methodist church. His subsequent appointments were, 1874-75, Listowel; 1876, Hamilton, Hannah street Church; and in 1877, Stratford. In 1878 he was ordained and stationed at Elmira, county Waterloo. Toward the end of his three years’ term a throat affection compelled his temporary retirement from the work of the ministry. The greater part of the next two years (1881-82) was spent in newspaper work, as a member of the editorial staff of the Winnipeg _Free Press_. In October, 1882, on his complete restoration to health, he resumed his ministerial work, being appointed to Jerseyville circuit, near Brantford. Three years were spent thereon. In 1885 he was appointed to Dunnville, and in 1887 to the pastorate of Zion Tabernacle, Hamilton, where he now is. In August, 1878, he was married to Emily H. Keeling, of Guelph, daughter of the late George M. Keeling, the founder of the _Guelph Mercury_, who died in 1861. This lady was a highly gifted musician, organist for many years, and subsequently choir leader as well, of the Norfolk street Methodist Church, Guelph. She was a very popular vocalist and was widely esteemed for her amiability, good judgment and energy in social and church work. She died in April, 1885, leaving two children, one of whom alone is now living. Rev. Mr. Cooley is a very active and pronounced temperance advocate and prohibitionist, and takes a deep interest in all other social movements. * * * * * =Young, Hon. James=, Galt, Ontario, is of Scotch descent, being the eldest son of the late John Young and Jeanie Bell, natives of Roxboroughshire, Scotland, who came to Canada, in 1834, and at first took up their residence in the village of Dundas in the then Gore District. Almost immediately afterwards the family were induced by the Hon. Wm. Dickson to remove to Galt, and here Mr. Young engaged in business and resided until his death in 1859. James Young, the subject of this sketch, was born in Galt, on the 24th of May, 1835, and has ever since resided there. He received his education in the public schools of his native place; and at an early age displayed great fondness for books, which he has kept up since. In his youth he had a predilection for the study of the law, but finding he could not carry out this idea, he chose printing as a profession, which he began to learn when he had reached his sixteenth year. When only eighteen years of age, he purchased the Dumfries _Reformer_, which he afterwards conducted for about ten years. Under his management this paper attained a great local influence, and in addition was the means of making Mr. Young well known beyond the narrow limits of Waterloo county. During the earlier part of the proprietorship, the political articles in the paper were written by one of his friends, he himself taking the general supervision and contributing the local news. Upon the completion of his twentieth year, he took the editorial control, which he retained until 1863, when finding his health not very robust, he sold out the _Reformer_, and retired from the press for a while. He afterwards went into the manufacturing business, and became the principal partner in the Victoria Steam Bending Works at Galt, which he carried on successfully for about five years. During his connection with the _Reformer_, Mr. Young had necessarily taken a conspicuous part in the discussion of political questions, and his paper was an important factor in determining the results of several local contests. He frequently took the platform on behalf of the Reform candidate, and was known throughout the county as a ready and graceful speaker. He took a conspicuous part in municipal affairs, and for six years sat in the town council; he was an active member of the school board, and devoted a good deal of his time to educational matters; and also took a special interest in commercial and trade questions, on which he came to be regarded as a high authority. In 1857, the Hamilton Mercantile Library Association, having offered a prize of fifty dollars for the best essay on the agricultural resources of the country, Mr. Young carried off the prize. This essay was shortly afterwards published, under the title of “The Agricultural Resources of Canada, and the inducements they offer to British laborers intending to emigrate to this continent,” and was most favorably received by the public, and highly praised by the press. Eight years later (in 1865), the proprietors of the Montreal _Trade Review_ offered two prizes for essays on the Reciprocity Treaty, which was then about to expire, and Mr. Young sent in a paper which carried off the second prize. His success on this occasion led to his receiving an invitation to attend the commercial convention held next year in Detroit, Michigan, and he had the satisfaction of hearing on that occasion the great speech on commerce delivered by the late Hon. Joseph Howe. He first entered parliament in 1867, when he was elected by the Reform party of South Waterloo, as their candidate for the House of Commons. This was the first election under Confederation, and he was opposed by James Cowan, a Reform Coalitionist, who was also a local candidate of great influence; and in addition to this Mr. Young had to encounter a fierce opposition, the late Hon. John Sandfield Macdonald, the Hon. William McDougall, and Sir William Howland taking the field on one occasion on behalf of Mr. Cowan. These formidable opponents were courageously encountered by him single-handed, or with such local assistance as could be procured, and he was returned by a majority of 366 votes. When parliament met in the following November, he made his maiden speech in the House on the Address. He also took a conspicuous part in the debates of the session, and materially strengthened his position among his constituents. He was twice re-elected by acclamation, first at the general election in 1872, and again in 1874. Of the Mackenzie government he was a loyal and earnest supporter throughout. He was chairman of the committee on public accounts for five consecutive sessions, and after the death of Mr. Scatcherd, became chairman of the house when in committee of supply. Among his principal speeches in parliament, were those on the Intercolonial Railway, the Ballot, the admission of British Columbia, with special reference to the construction of the Pacific Railway in ten years, the Treaty of Washington (which was unsparingly condemned), the Pacific Scandal, the Budget of 1874, the Naturalization of Germans and other aliens, and the Tariff question. Soon after entering parliament he proposed the abolition of the office of Queen’s printer, and the letting of the departmental printing by tender. This was ultimately carried, and effected a large saving in the annual expenditure. In 1871 he submitted a bill to confirm the naturalization of all aliens who had taken the oaths of allegiance and residence prior to Confederation, which became law. In 1873 he brought in a measure to provide for votes being taking by ballot, and the government subsequently took up the question and carried it. On two occasions the House of Commons unanimously concurred in addresses to Her Majesty, prepared by him, praying that the Imperial government would take steps to confer on Germans and other naturalized citizens the same rights as subjects of British birth enjoy in all parts of the world, the law then and still being that they have no claim on British protection whenever they pass beyond British territory. In 1874 he proposed a committee and report, which resulted in the publication of the debates of the House of Commons, contending that the people have as much right to know how their representatives speak in parliament as how they vote. At the election of 1878, chiefly through a cry for a German representative, he was for the first time defeated. In the following spring the general election for the Ontario legislature came on, and Mr. Young was requested by the Reformers of the North Riding of Brant to become their candidate in the local house. He at first declined, but on the nomination being proferred a second time, he accepted it, and was returned by a majority of 344. For many years Mr. Young’s services have been in request as a writer and public speaker. He contributed occasionally to the late “Canadian Monthly,” and has been a regular contributor for many years to some of our leading commercial journals, the articles being chiefly upon the trade and development of the country. He has also appeared upon the platform as a lecturer upon literary and scientific subjects. As a political speaker, he has been heard in many different parts of the province, throughout which he now enjoys a very wide circle of acquaintance. He has held and still holds many positions of honor and trust. He is a director of the Confederation Life Association; and of the Canada Landed Credit Company; has been president and is now vice-president of the Sabbath School Association of Canada; is president of the Gore District Mutual Fire Insurance Company; was for eleven years president of the Associated Mechanics’ Institutes of Ontario; and a member of the Council of the Agricultural and Arts Association. A few years ago Mr. Young wrote and published a little volume of 272 pages, entitled “Reminiscences of the Early History of Galt, and the Settlement of Dumfries.” Apart from the fact that works of this class deserve encouragement in Canada, Mr. Young’s book has special merits which are not always found in connection with Canadian local annals. It is written in a pleasant and interesting style, which makes it readable even to persons who know nothing of the district whereof it treats. On June 2nd, 1883, Mr. Young was appointed by the Mowat Government, and sworn in as treasurer of the province of Ontario, and on appealing to the electors of North Brant, his acceptance of office was approved by a majority of 551. On the 29th October of the same year he was compelled to resign his portfolio on account of his health, which, impaired by political and literary overwork, particularly during the preceding twelve months, was found unable for the time being to stand the close confinement of office work. At the next election for the Ontario Legislature in December, 1886, he wrote a letter, declining to accept renomination to the local house. We are glad to say Mr. Young’s health may now be said to be fully restored, evidence of which was furnished during 1887 by the publication of a pamphlet from his pen on the subject of the national future of Canada, and discussing the question of commercial union and imperial federation. This _brochure_ opposes both these schemes, and takes strong ground in favour of Canadian nationality, and has been widely read throughout the Dominion, having gone to a second edition. In religion Hon. Mr. Young is a Presbyterian, and in politics a Liberal. On the 11th February, 1858, he married Margaret, second daughter of John McNaught, of Brantford. * * * * * =Hamilton, Robert=, D.C.L., Bishop’s College, Lennoxville, Quebec, was born at New Liverpool, near the city of Quebec, on 1st September, 1822. His father was George Hamilton, of Hawkesbury, and of Quebec. He was educated under the Rev. Dr. Urquhart, of Cornwall, and was only seventeen years old when his father died from the effects of a severe cold caused by exposure while discharging his duties as colonel of militia during the rebellion of 1837. His eldest son, Robert, the subject of this sketch, at once undertook his share of the labors and responsibilities connected with the extensive lumbering business which had been built up slowly and painfully amid many discouragements. In those early days of the country’s growth there were none of the modern appliances for facilitating work of every kind. Large enterprises were carried on under circumstances which demanded forethought, caution, and resolution. The means of communication were limited, tedious and uncertain. There were no railways, only a few sluggish steamers—and no telegraphs. Even the mails were carried in a leisurely way over the country. When parties of men were despatched in the autumn of each year to the rivers Rouge and Gatineau for the long winter’s work of cutting down thousands of trees and placing the logs upon the ice, it was necessary to provide them with supplies of every kind. Pork, biscuit, tea, sugar, and clothing were conveyed to them by sleighs from Hawkesbury—if not from Montreal. The breaking up of the ice in the spring was always a very anxious time. The rapid rise of the rivers rendered the return journey of the men very perilous. The booms stretched across the mouth of each river sometimes proved quite insufficient to withstand the pressure of the water covered with thousands of logs. The mills built at Hawkesbury for cutting up the logs and preparing them for the British market were extensive and kept in a state of admirable efficiency, being supplied each winter with every new improvement. The season for work was very short—for the waters fell as rapidly almost as they rose—and the difficulty of conveying the logs in rafts to New Liverpool became serious as the summer advanced and the rivers became shallow. Six weeks represented the long voyage of a raft from the mills at Hawkesbury to the cove at New Liverpool. Here the tedious process of washing each deal with buckets and brooms and then marking its quality—whether 1st, 2nd or 3rd class—occupied many weeks. Then followed the delivery of the deals on board the ships which in those days were generally chartered to carry them to London, where another washing and examination followed their delivery at the docks, and then they were sold as promptly as the market would permit, for the capital represented by them from first to last was very large and long locked up—from the crown license to cut down the trees on through the months of winter, spring, summer and autumn, and in some cases a second winter and spring—before the London market was reached. Such a business in its numerous departments and in its unceasing demands for judgment, patience, endurance and persistence was an education in itself. The best qualities of a man’s head and heart were sure to be exercised, developed and strengthened. Robert Hamilton quickly and resolutely gave himself in the most thorough systematic manner to his life’s work and has not only built up a liberal fortune, but guarded and promoted the welfare of the large family of whom he was the eldest—but seventeen years old, as he said, at the time of his father’s death. Mr. Hamilton, in the use of his fortune, has afforded an example much needed in every young community. In no sense has he been brought under the power of wealth, and in no direction has wealth spoiled or marred his character. He has studied and realized in his family, and in his life in the community, the rare satisfaction of using money liberally, judiciously, and with taste, avoiding every abuse of it. His home at Hamwood on the St. Foy road, near Quebec, is a pattern of simplicity, taste and comfort—all that an educated gentleman of refinement should have about him, and for the comfort and advantage of his family, he has brought together in a home which is full of pleasant memories and rare attractions to many because of the quiet enjoyment which its hospitalities have afforded them. He has never taken any part in the politics of the country—his tastes and preferences drawing him to the study and promotion of other interests. As a member of the Church of England, he is widely known for his generous aid to all good works. The diocese of Quebec has found in him a true and intelligent friend. He has never put himself forward to relieve others of their proper responsibilities, the due discharge of which has so much to do with their characters and their happiness in life. Recognizing the responsibilities attaching to him as a man of wealth, he has been no easy, good-natured careless giver, but has patiently and thoroughly studied the best ways and methods of applying his large and generous gifts both to parishes and to the diocese of Quebec, and to the University of Bishop’s College, Lennoxville. These have been so applied as to call out the active energies and co-operation of others, and the result is to be seen in the permanent and satisfactory endowments so needful for a church whose members in such a community as the province of Quebec must always be few in number and weak in resources. The University of Bishop’s College, in recognition of his position and services, conferred upon him in 1885 the honorary degree of D.C.L. In 1845 he married the eldest daughter of the late John Thomson of Westfield, near Quebec. He has a large family, and is surrounded by an attractive crowd of grand-children. His summer resort at Cacouna is full of attractions—foremost amongst them being the gathering of his children and their families about him. * * * * * =Lount, William=, Q.C., Toronto, Ontario, was born at Newmarket, on the 3rd of March, 1840. His father was George Lount, then registrar, and brother of Samuel Lount, who was executed with Matthews in 1837, during the rebellion. The subject of this sketch received his education at the Grammar School, Barrie, studied law with Mr. (now Sir) Adam Wilson, finishing his last years with Mowat & McLennan, and was called to the bar of Upper Canada in 1861, when he immediately commenced the practice of his profession in Barrie. In 1867 he ran for the Ontario legislature, for the North Riding of Simcoe against Angus Morrison. He was elected by a fair majority, and supported the Sandfield Macdonald government for four sessions; but on seeking re-election he was opposed by W. D. Ardagh, the regular Conservative nominee, and H. H. Cook, the Reform nominee and was defeated, Mr. Ardagh being elected. He then retired from politics owing to its taking too much of his time from his profession. He had in the meantime formed a partnership with Mr. Boys, now the junior judge of the county of Simcoe, which lasted for some years, when a new partnership was formed by the admission of D’Arcy Boulton, Q.C., and H. D. Stewart. Five years later this firm was dissolved, Mr. Lount retiring and forming a partnership with his brother, as Lount & Lount. This partnership was continued until the decease of the late James Bethune, Q.C., when Mr. Lount entered into partnership with Mr. Bethune’s late partner, Mr. Marsh, under the name of Lount & Marsh, in Toronto, which firm still continues. He received his patent as Queen’s counsel from the Ontario government on 11th March, 1876, and from the Dominion government in 1877. He has acted as Crown counsel for the Ontario government on several important cases. He has always been president of the North Simcoe Reform Association, taking a very active interest in its affairs, laying all the plans and organizing the party for the fray. He was married on the 17th July, 1874, to Miss Orris, daughter of John Orris, on lake Erie, near Dunnville, and grand-daughter of Colonel Cotter who fought at the battle of Waterloo, in which action he took a very active part as captain in a British regiment of the line. * * * * * =Buchanan, Wentworth James=, Montreal, General Manager of the Bank of Montreal, is one of a class of native Canadians of which the Dominion has reason to be proud—a class of men who, beginning life with the prestige of an honorable family record, won by industry, energy and integrity in the professions, make it their aim to increase that prestige by their own personal exertions. Mr. Buchanan’s grandfather came to Quebec with the 49th regiment,—Colonel (afterwards Sir Isaac) Brock, in command—and was a surgeon in that regiment. His father, Alexander Buchanan, was only four years of age when he accompanied his parents to Canada. After receiving a good education in the then available schools, he studied law with the late Andrew and James Stuart (afterwards Sir James), of Quebec, rose to be one of the ablest jurists who ever practised at the Montreal bar, and was a Queen’s counsel in the days when this honor was conferred upon very few. At the time of his death he was the oldest judge of the Superior Court of the Lower Canada. James Wentworth Buchanan was the second son of this venerable judge, and was born on the 11th December, 1828. He received a sound commercial education; and the great monetary institution in which he was destined to attain so prominent a position was not yet thirty-five years in operation when he began his career. That was in 1847, when he entered the Commercial Bank as a clerk, and five and a half years later he obtained a situation in the Bank of Montreal. From March, 1853, until 1858, he applied himself steadily to his duties, with such satisfaction to his superiors that in the latter year he was appointed manager of the branch at Woodstock, and, subsequently, held in succession a similar charge at Brantford, Cobourg, Hamilton and Toronto, Ontario, acquitting himself at each of these places in such a way that confidence in his ability and integrity increased from year to year. In 1874 he was promoted to the post of local manager at Montreal. In 1880, the late Mr. Smithers being made general manager, Mr. Buchanan became assistant general manager; and in 1881, on the election of the former gentleman to the presidency, he was chosen his successor, and since then he has occupied the highly responsible position of general manager. * * * * * =White, Hon. Thomas=, Ottawa, Minister of the Interior of the Dominion of Canada, M.P. for Cardwell, Ontario, was born at Montreal, on the 7th of August, 1830. His father was Irish, a county Westmeath man, and his mother Scotch, having been born in Edinburgh. Mr. White, senior, carried on business as a leather merchant in Montreal for many years, where he was greatly respected. He sent Thomas, the subject of this sketch, to the High School of that city, where he received the education which in later years he was destined to turn to such excellent account. Having left school, he engaged for some years in mercantile pursuits, but this was not according to his taste, and he soon made up his mind to abandon the calling, and accepted a position on the editorial staff of the Quebec _Gazette_—which position was offered him in consequence of an address he had delivered on temperance in the city of Quebec some time before, and which attracted great attention. In 1853 he started, in company with his brother-in-law, Robert Romain, the Peterboro’ _Review_, which he was connected with until 1860. Then he entered upon the study of law in the office of the Hon. Sidney Smith, Q.C., of Peterboro’, and prosecuted his studies during the full term of four years. He then removed to Hamilton, and, with his brother Richard White, purchased the _Spectator_ newspaper, which they conducted with great energy from 1864 to 1870. Mr. White, from an early age, evinced a marked interest in public affairs; and when he was yet a very young man, was chosen reeve of the town of Peterboro’. He likewise always took a great interest in educational affairs, and served upon the Grammar School boards in Peterboro’ and Hamilton. In Montreal, where in later years his chief personal interests were centred, he took an important part in civic and general business. He was for a number of years representative of the Montreal Board of Trade in the Dominion Board; for three years a member of the executive committee of the Dominion Board of Trade, and representative for five years of that body at the National Board of Trade of the United States. But important and ever conspicuous connection with civic matters, and with associations, did not satisfy the ambition of Mr. White. He had been for years a close and careful observer of political events, and a conscientious student of public questions. So he resolved to seek admission to parliament; and when he sought that admission he did not go as a raw recruit, who has to study public questions after he has entered the legislature. His mind was well stored with practical information, and his judgment ripened by a wide experience. In 1878, he was first returned to parliament for Cardwell, his present seat. But this success was not achieved without much perseverance and strong efforts. In 1867, he was an unsuccessful candidate for South Wentworth in the Ontario legislature; in 1874, for the county of Prescott, in the House of Commons; and in 1875 and 1876, respectively, for Montreal West, in the House of Commons. It may be pointed out that the aggregate majority against him in the three first elections amounted to only sixteen votes. Mr. White has retained his seat for Cardwell since 1878. He has always been an able and very conscientious supporter of the Conservative party’s national policy, and is always prepared with an invincible array of arguments to defend the position which he takes upon this question. He is one of the most industrious members of the House of Commons, and best informed on the government side of the house on questions of trade and commerce. Hon. Mr. White is a graceful, polished and telling speaker; always conveys the impression of being master of his subject, and never becomes confused when he gets upon his feet. In 1885, affairs in the Northwest Territories assumed a very unsatisfactory state, rebellion broke out, and general discontent prevailed anent the government’s management of that vast territory. At this time Sir David Macpherson, minister of the interior, was suffering from illness and unable to cope with the many questions forced upon him through this unfortunate state of things, and when compelled to resign and go to Germany to restore his health, every one began to search for a man of ability to take charge of the vacated departmental headship. Sir John A. Macdonald selected the member for Cardwell to fill the vacancy, and the most complete satisfaction was evinced by the public, indeed even organs most bitterly opposed to the government admitted that the selection was a most admirable one, for the industry, the ability for organization, and the capacity of the minister elect, were known to every one. Almost immediately after receiving the appointment, Mr. White proceeded to the Northwest, and made painstaking investigation into the many unsettled affairs in that region; and it is not necessary to show how numerous, how tedious, and how immense this task was, and the work which afterwards fell to him at his office in the capital. We mention this to show the grave responsibility resting upon the shoulders of the minister of the interior, but there is much satisfaction in knowing that there is no public man of whom we have any knowledge better fitted to cope with the Northwest difficulties than Mr. White. Before closing the sketch, we think it is only fair to mention that the Hon. Mr. White, like many of the leading men who now hold public positions, received his early training as a speaker in the division rooms of the Sons of Temperance, and that, when a young man and a resident of Lower Canada, he occupied one of the highest offices in the Grand Division of the Sons of Temperance of the province of Quebec, and was the first in Canada to write a pamphlet explaining the aims and objects of an order of temperance workers, that are as active to-day in extending the cause of temperance and prohibition as it was about forty years ago, when the order was first introduced into Canada. * * * * * =Duplessis, Louis Theodule Neree LeNoblet=, Advocate, Three Rivers, M.P.P. for the county of St. Maurice, Quebec province, was born at St. Anne d’Yamachiche, on the 5th March, 1855. He is the fourth son of Joseph LeNoblet Duplessis and Marie Louise Lefebvre Descoteaux. His ancestors came from France at the end of the seventeenth century, and settled at La Pointe-du-Lac, in the district of Three Rivers. He was educated at the Seminary of Nicolet and at the Seminary of Three Rivers. He studied law as a profession, and in January, 1880, was called to the bar of Lower Canada, and is now practising in Three Rivers, in partnership with J. M. Deselets, Q.C. Mr. Duplessis did not take an active part in politics until the general election of 1886, when he was returned to the Legislative Assembly of Quebec for the county of St. Maurice. In religion he is an adherent of the Roman Catholic church, and in politics a Conservative. He is a rising man, and not many years hence will make his mark in the legislature of his native province. On the 14th July, 1886, he was married to Bertha Cécile Genest, daughter of L. U. A. Genest, clerk of the peace for the district of Three Rivers. * * * * * =Clarke, Henry Edward=, M.P.P. for West Toronto, the subject of this sketch, and one of the rising men in the provincial capital, was born at Three Rivers, Quebec, on the 20th of March, 1829. He is a son of Henry Clarke, and Ellen Armstrong, both of whom came from Midhill, county of Fermanagh, Ireland. Our subject received his tuition, which comprised a sound and practical English education, from public teachers and private instructors, and at fifteen years of age Mr. Clarke left home to push his fortune in the world. Commerce drew him into its busy and active field. At the age of eighteen he had learned the trade of saddle and trunkmaking, and found employment in one of the largest shops in Montreal. Here he remained until 1848, and then removed to Ottawa (then Bytown), where, in the following year, when barely twenty years of age, we find him foreman of the largest saddlery shop in the town. At Ottawa he remained for about four years, working diligently, and perfecting himself in his trade. Mr. Clarke again returned to Montreal in 1853, and the next year he was sent to Toronto to open a branch trunk store for R. Dean & Co., of Montreal. Mr. Clarke now resolved to carry on business for himself, and in ten months after his arrival here he bought out the business of R. Dean & Co. Although he had little capital at his command, he had industry and perseverance, and the result is that we now find him at the head of one of the largest trunk manufacturing establishments in America, and one of the most solid and enterprising of Toronto’s citizens. Although an active man in his own business, yet Mr. Clarke has found some time to devote to public affairs. For eight years he was a director of the Mechanics’ Institute; was alderman for St. George’s Ward in 1879, and for St. Andrew’s Ward for the years 1881, ’82, and ’83. He was chairman of the Court of Revision in 1881, and of the Executive Committee in 1883. He was elected, in 1883, and again in 1887, to represent Toronto West in the Ontario Parliament, and this seat he still holds. He was also for a time one of the directors of the Federal Bank. As a politician Mr. Clarke has achieved distinction and won a high place for himself in the Ontario legislature. He is an effective speaker, and has on repeated occasions ably supported his leader, Mr. Meredith, in the active duties of legislation, and done good service to his party on the floor of the house. As an ardent Conservative, he sits at present in the cold shades of opposition; though did a change of government come, Mr. Clarke would find himself not only “on the Treasury benches,” but no doubt among the prominent members of the cabinet. He possesses an active and practical mind, is fairly well read, and keeps himself posted on all the leading questions of the day, in so far as they come under the purview of politics. Lately he has taken a prominent part in opposing the Commercial Union of Canada with the United States, feeling that it might tend to an undesirable political alliance with the Republic, and retard the industrial life and development of Canada. On this subject, Mr. Clarke contributed his views on the opposition side of the argument to the _Canadian Almanac_ for 1888, Mr. Erastus Wiman, of New York, taking the affirmative side. On other subjects of practical moment, in the domain of politics and legislation, Mr. Clarke has written and spoken much, and his views always command considerable public attention. Mr. Clarke is an Orangeman, having joined the order in 1849. He travelled extensively in 1878, and visited London, Edinburgh, Dublin, Belfast, Paris, Geneva, Mont Blanc, Berne, Lucerne, Munich, Vienna, Trieste, Venice, Florence, Rome, Naples, Pompeii, and other historic places. On his return, he delivered a lecture called “Impressions of a Tour in Europe,” in Richmond street Methodist Church, and afterwards published it in pamphlet form. Mr. Clarke belongs to the Methodist denomination, and in politics is a Conservative. He married in May, 1856, Anne, daughter of the late Thomas Kennedy, of Montreal, and has a family of three children, a boy and two girls. His son died at the age of fourteen years. Mr. Clarke’s career has been industrious and honorable, and he enjoys the fruits of his labors and the respect of his fellow men. * * * * * =Desilets, Joseph Moise=, Q.C., Advocate, Three Rivers, Quebec, was born on the 13th April, 1838, at Bécancour, county of Nicolet. He is the son of Isidore Desilets and of Marie Perenne de Moras, both belonging to old French families. He received his education at the College of Nicolet and St. Hyacinthe. He adopted law as a profession, and was called to the bar of Lower Canada on the 2nd September, 1862. He was appointed a Queen’s counsel, March 9th, 1887. He was alderman for the city of Three Rivers from 1864 to 1869; mayor of the same city from 1869 to 1872, and district magistrate for the district of Three Rivers from 1873 to 1878. Mr. Desilets is now practising in partnership with N. L. Duplessis, advocate, and M.P.P. for the county of St. Maurice. In religion he is a Roman Catholic, and in politics a Conservative. He was married, June 3, 1863, to Marie Malvina Trudel, the only daughter of the late Oliver Trudel, notary, and of Sophia Sulte. * * * * * =Morris, John Lang=, B.C.L., Q.C., Barrister, Montreal, born at Perth, Ontario, in 1835, is the youngest son of the late Hon. William Morris and Elizabeth Cochrane, and was educated at High School, Montreal, and McGill College, graduating as B.C.L. in 1859. He studied law under his brother, the Hon. Alexander Morris, the late Judge Torrance and the Hon. Judge Cross, and was admitted to the Montreal bar in June, 1859. Mr. Morris has long enjoyed a large and influential practice—his partners having been Robert A. Leach, son of the late Very Rev. Archdeacon Leach, a talented young advocate whose promising career was prematurely cut short by death; the late Judge Torrance, and subsequently the late Thomas W. Ritchie, Q.C., and William Rose, son of Sir John Rose, Bart. His present partner is Charles M. Holt, B.C.L., son of the late Judge Holt, of Quebec, and the business is carried on under the firm name of Morris & Holt. Mr. Morris is a specialist in commercial, real estate and ecclesiastical law—is a clear, logical and convincing pleader, and has been for many years the counsel of the Presbyterian Church. In this last capacity he conducted successfully in all the courts of the province of Quebec, the celebrated case of Dobie and the Temporalities Board. He was retained by the church to plead the same cause before her Majesty’s Privy Council in England and although the judgment of our court was modified in some respects, he was successful in inducing that tribunal not to grant the prayer of the anti-unionists that the funds be handed over to them. Upon the strength of this judgment legislation was subsequently obtained from the Dominion Parliament which set at rest the pretensions of the minority to hold the church funds. This act, as stated by the Rev. Robert Campbell, D.D., in his “History of the St. Gabriel st. Church, Montreal,” “met with stout opposition in the private bills committee of both houses of parliament—calling forth the magnificent speeches of Principal Grant, of Kingston, Mr. Macdonnell, of Toronto, and John L. Morris, of Montreal, in reply to Messrs. Macmaster, Brymner and Lang.” In religion, Mr. Morris, following in the footsteps of his father, is a “true blue” Presbyterian, and has been an elder in connection with St. Andrew’s, and since the union of Presbyterians, with St. Paul’s Church, Montreal. He took a very active and leading part in promoting the union of the Presbyterian churches in 1875, both by his speeches on the floor of the synod and professionally in successfully defending the various suits instituted by the minority opposed to the union. He has been a Sunday school teacher and superintendent for over thirty years. Like his elder brother the Hon. A. Morris, he has taken a great interest in Canadian affairs, and has delivered a number of popular lectures upon the history of Canada. In politics, Mr. Morris has always been a consistent Conservative, and although too much devoted to the interests of his profession to have entered into public life, has in a quiet but energetic way exerted a good deal of influence in supporting his party. He is married to Agnes McCulloch, youngest daughter of the late Dr. Michael McCulloch, of Montreal, who fell a victim to his heroic devotion to the sick during the time of the last visitation by cholera in 1854. His only sister is married to W. B. Lambe, of Montreal, advocate. His brother, William J. Morris, has devoted himself exclusively to mercantile pursuits. * * * * * =Shortt, Rev. William=, B.D., Rector of St. Thomas Church, Walkerton, Ontario, was born in the city of Dublin, Ireland, in 1824. His father was Jonathan Shortt, attorney, and six-clerk, of No. 11 Blackhall street, Dublin, who married Anna Maria Antisell, daughter of Joseph Antisell, of Arbourhill, in the county of Tipperary, and both descended from a long line of highly respectable and respected ancestors. The subject of our sketch was educated in the city of Dublin, and in 1850 emigrated to the United States; was ordained deacon of the Protestant Episcopal Church by the Right Rev. Bishop Horatio Potter, of New York, in 1854, and priest in 1855; was for some time assistant to the rector of St. Thomas Church, N.Y., then assistant minister to St. George’s Church, Flushing, and first rector of Grace Church, Whitestone, L. I., until 1865, when, on account of ill-health, he was obliged to resign his charge. Finding the climate of Canada to agree with him, he was licensed by the Bishop of Ontario, to the mission of Amherst Island, and afterwards to Wolfe Island. In 1872 he was invited to take charge of Christ Church, St. Catharines. In 1875 he was appointed to the rectory of Walkerton, by the Bishop of Huron. Rev. Mr. Shortt’s parents were attached members of the Church of Ireland, and he has ever been loyal to her discipline and worship, has served her altars to the best of his ability, and hopes and expects to die in her communion. He took the purple degree in the order of Good Templars in 1875; and was chaplain of the Saugeen lodge, 197, A. F. and A. Masons. In 1857 he was married to Mary Amanda Haggerty, daughter of Bonnell Moody Haggerty and Martha Phillips, both of New Jersey, U. S. Mrs. Shortt’s grand-parents were loyal to the British government in the revolution, and were compelled to move to Nova Scotia, but returned to their native land when the act of amnesty was passed. * * * * * =Langevin, Hon. Sir Hector Louis=, K.C.M.G., Q.C., Ottawa, Minister of Public Works of the Dominion of Canada, M.P. for Three Rivers, Quebec province, was born in the city of Quebec, on the 25th August, 1828. He is descended from an illustrious line of ancestry, and has proved himself worthy of his descent. His father, the late Jean Langevin, acted as assistant civil secretary under the Earl of Gosford and Lord Sydenham, during the period those noblemen held the office of governor-general of Canada; and his uncle was the Right Rev. Jean Langevin, bishop of St. Germain de Rimouski. His mother, Sophia Scholastique La Force, was a daughter of Major La Force, who faithfully served his country during the war of 1812-14, and whose grandfather was acting commodore of the British fleet on Lake Ontario during the American revolutionary war. Sir Hector Louis Langevin, the subject of our sketch, received his education at the Quebec Seminary, and in 1846 left school to begin the study of law with the late Hon. A. N. Morin, at Montreal. He had an early taste for literature, and while pursuing his studies, wrote a great deal for the press. He became editor of the _Mélanges Religieux_ in 1847, and subsequently editor of the _Journal of Agriculture_, both papers being published in Montreal. When Mr. Morin retired from practice, Mr. Langevin entered the office of the late Sir George Etienne Cartier. Thus began the connection between those two distinguished men which was destined to last so long, to be so close and so loyal, and of such importance to the French Canadians, as well as to the Dominion of Canada. He was called to the bar of Lower Canada in October, 1850. In 1856 Mr. Langevin was elected representative of Palace ward in the Quebec city council, subsequently became chairman of the water works committee, and during the absence of the mayor, Dr. Morrin in England, acted as chief magistrate of Quebec city. In 1857 he assumed the editorial management of the _Courrier du Canada_, published in Quebec. The same year he was chosen mayor of Quebec, and also representative for Dorchester county in the Legislative Assembly of Canada. On entering parliament he very naturally supported the administration, one of the leaders of which was the gentleman at whose hands he had received his political as well as his legal training. The Macdonald-Cartier ministry, however, held life by a very precarious tenure, and as the difficulties thickened about it, numbers yielded up their support, and it was forced to resign. Then George Brown was called to office, but had to relinquish it in three days. The old ministry was recalled to power, and a readjustment took place. On the 30th of March, 1864, Mr. Langevin became a Queen’s counsel, and on the same day entered the Taché-Macdonald administration as solicitor-general east. In 1866 he became postmaster-general, which office he retained till the consummation of confederation. In the confederation movement he took a prominent part. He was a delegate to Charlottetown, was a member of the Quebec conference, and went to England to aid the home office in perfecting the confederation scheme. During this entire movement, the tact, suavity and broad statesmanship which he has shown so prominently in later years came into light. Sir George E. Cartier was energetic, forceful, patriotic, but he had not the _savoir-faire_ of the Hon. Mr. Langevin, and he often exasperated where he should have conciliated. In the first Dominion administration Mr. Langevin was secretary of state for the Dominion, and the following year he was created a C.B., civil. In 1869 he assumed the portfolio of public works. In 1870 he was created a Knight Commander of the Roman order of Pope Gregory the Great. During Sir George Cartier’s absence in England, in 1873, Mr. Langevin acted as leader of the French Canadian Conservative party, and upon the death of his chief became the permanent leader. In 1873, on the downfall of Sir John A. Macdonald’s administration, he resigned office. At the general election of 1878, he was an unsuccessful candidate for Rimouski; but William McDougall, the member for Three Rivers, having made way for him, he was chosen for the vacated constituency by acclamation. In the new Conservative administration he became postmaster-general, which office he retained till 1879, when he became again minister of public works, and this office he still holds. Regarding his brilliant parts, and the service he has been to the Dominion and to the French Canadian people, the Queen conferred upon him the knighthood of the order of St. Michael and St. George. Sir Hector Langevin is an astute and wise statesman, and his whole aim is to create a feeling of brotherhood among his own people and their English-speaking compatriots, and to develop a feeling of loyalty throughout the country to the British empire. In politics he is a Liberal-Conservative, and in religion a Roman Catholic. In 1854 he was married to Justine, eldest daughter of the late Lieutenant-Colonel Charles H. Peter, J.P. Mrs. Langevin died on the 30th October, 1882. * * * * * =Bridges, Henry Seabury=, Fredericton, Professor of Classical Literature and History in the University of New Brunswick, was born November 23rd, 1850, at Sheffield, Sunbury county, N.B. His father was Henry Putnam Bridges, who died in December, 1881. His mother, Eliza Ann Burpee, is still living. Both parents have descended from the Puritan colony which came from Rowley, in Massachusetts, in 1763, and settled in Sheffield and Maugerville. Professor Bridges received his early education at the Grammar School, Sheffield, and matriculated at the University of New Brunswick, in September, 1866. He graduated in June, 1869, with honors in classics and French; also took the Alumni Society’s gold medal for the best Latin essay. He proceeded to the degree of M.A., in June, 1871; and since his graduation he has followed the teaching profession. He was appointed assistant master of the Sunbury Grammar School just after having left college, and remained in this position till July, 1872, when he received the appointment of second master of the Collegiate School, Fredericton, and then removed to his new sphere of duty. In June, 1874, he was appointed principal of the High School, and superintendent of the other schools of St. Stephen. In September, 1877, he left St. Stephen for Oxford, England, and then spent a year in the study of classical literature there. Returning to his mother country, he was appointed second master of the Grammar School in the city of St. John, in August, 1878, and principal in May, the following year. He received the appointment of professor of classics in the University of New Brunswick in June 1881; and that position he still holds. He has been president of the Alumni Society since June, 1885, and was one of its representatives on the senate of the university during the academic year, 1882-83. He married, October 7th, 1880, Alice Middlemore Foster, daughter of the late S. R. Foster, of St. John, New Brunswick. The fruit of this union has been two children,—a daughter, Edith Hazlewood, born August 31st, 1881, still living; and a son, Atlee Burpee, a child of great promise, born June 23rd, 1885, but who died of croup in November, 1887. * * * * * =Starnes, Lieut.-Col. Hon. Henry=, Montreal, was born at Kingston, Ontario, on the 13th October, 1816. He is the son of Benjamin Starnes and Elizabeth Melville, his wife. His grandfather, Nathan Starnes, was a United Empire loyalist who left the state of New York and settled in Canada at the close of the revolutionary war, the family being of Scotch descent. Mr. Starnes was educated at the Academy of Rev. Henry Esson, afterwards taking a course at Montreal College. After leaving college he entered the service of James Leslie, merchant, was admitted a partner in the business in 1849, and the firm of Leslie, Starnes & Co., wholesale merchants, continued until 1859 to do a very large and successful business. Mr. Starnes retired from mercantile life to assist in organizing the Montreal branch of the Ontario Bank, upon the organization of which he was appointed manager, and continued in charge for about ten years. He is now president of the Montreal branch of the well-known London and Liverpool and Globe Insurance Company. He has been and still continues to be identified with a great many local enterprises and interests. He was president of the Metropolitan Bank from its establishment until November, 1875; has been a director of Le Banque du Peuple; vice-president of the Montreal Board of Trade, the St. Jean Baptiste Society, and the Montreal Warehousing Company; a director of the Richelieu Steamboat Company, the Canada Engine and Machinery Company, and the International Transportation Company; and was at one time warden of Trinity house. In municipal matters Mr. Starnes has always taken a great interest, being a public spirited man, and taking much pride in the continued growth of the city which he had made his home. His fellow citizens were not unmindful of his efforts in their behalf, and he was elected mayor of Montreal in 1856-57, and again in 1866-67. In politics, Mr. Starnes is a Conservative, and sat for Chateauguay in the Canadian Assembly from the general election of 1857 until 1863, when he retired. He contested Montreal in 1857, but was defeated; declined a seat in the Quebec cabinet in 1867; was appointed to the Legislative Council in the same year, and appointed speaker of that body on the 8th March, 1878. He has for many years taken an active interest in militia matters, and at present holds the rank of lieutenant-colonel of the 1st Montreal Centre Reserve. In August, 1841, he was married to Eleanor Stuart, of Quebec, and has had issue seven children, of whom one has died, one daughter is a nun, and the other three daughters and two sons are all married. * * * * * =Gravel, Rev. Joseph Alphonse=, St. Hyacinthe, Quebec, was born the 2nd February, 1843, at St. Antoine de Richelieu, his father, Louis Gravel, being a highly respected farmer of that place, and his mother was Emilie Gladu. He received his early education at the St. Hyacinthe College, and entered the Seminary at Montreal for his theological studies December 8th, 1862. After a highly satisfactory completion of these, he was ordained the 26th August, 1866. Was vicar of Compton from August, 1866, to September, 1868, and rector of Compton for two years. He was director of the Classical and Commercial College at Sorel, from September, 1870, to July 1st, 1872, at which time he became assistant secretary to the bishop of St. Hyacinthe; January 17th, 1876, was made secretary to the bishop, procurator of the Episcopal body, and diocesan adviser; and was appointed vicar-general of the diocese in 1877. In April of the same year was made canon, and in 1888 was appointed prevost of the chapter-house,—administrator of the diocese on two occasions, in 1878 and in 1887. As will be seen by our enumeration of the many important offices of trust and responsibility, the subject of our sketch has been a worthy and deserving recipient of the confidence reposed in him. His principal mission has been to restore the revenues of the Episcopal corporation, in which laudable undertaking his indefatigable efforts and industry have been crowned with success. He has built the beautiful cathedral at St. Hyacinthe—a lasting monument of his energy and talents—and under his personal supervision it will shortly be decorated in a suitable manner, in keeping with, and worthy of, its artistic exterior. * * * * * =Fraser, John A.=, Big Bras d’Or, Cape Breton, M.P.P. for Victoria county, is a native of Boularderie, C.B., where he was born 6th of November, 1840. He is the only surviving son of a Scotch pioneer clergyman, the late Rev. James Fraser, who emigrated to the island of Cape Breton from Ross-shire, Scotland, in 1835. He was employed as a missionary of the Church of Scotland, and like many another hard-working, self-denying pioneer minister, lived hard and travelled far, preaching the blessings of peace and contentment among a poor and scattered population. In many a fishing village of Cape Breton, and through many steep mountain paths in that inclement region, the name of Rev. James Fraser is held in reverence. The men who carried the gospel into the wilds of Cape Breton were possessed of more than ordinary courage. One of them, Rev. John Stewart, forty years pastor at Whycocomagh, a profound Gaelic poet and scholar, but lately passed away. The educational facilities of the island forty years ago being of the scantiest, John A. Fraser removed to Halifax, N.S., and received his scholastic training at the Free Church Academy in that city. Having completed his course he returned to his native county and went into business. He held the position of postmaster in Big Bras d’Or for eighteen years, and resigned it in obedience to the wishes of his numerous friends, in order to contest the constituency of Victoria at the general election of 1874, and was successful. He took his seat in the Legislative Assembly and earned a good reputation as a parliamentarian, being listened to with respect in the debates, and attending well to the work of committees. The great question agitating the public mind in Cape Breton for some years past has been the matter of railway construction. Cape Breton may be described a huge coal-bed, much of it worked, but by far the larger part being quite unexplored. Ocean steamers call at North Sydney and at the coal-shoot of Sydney proper, and carry away much coal for their own consumption. A large export of the black diamond is also carried on in coasters. Parts of the island are admirably adapted to agriculture, notably the shores of the Little Bras d’Or. A railway is wanted to weld together all parts of the island, and the great question is, what course shall it take? People living at Whycocomagh advocate a road travelling their section, whilst the central route from Port Mulgrave to Sydney, with a branch to Mabon and Port Hood, has many to support it. The population is rent by the favorers of either route. Last summer the Dominion government undertook the initial steps of the work, and every move since has been carefully criticized. Whichever route is finally adopted, the gain to the island will be great, and Cape Breton, which steadily increases her output of coal year by year, will gradually become a very opulent section of Canada. Its attractions in summer draw a great influx of visitors from the southward. Gold and marble have also been found there, whilst superior iron ore has been smelted. Mr. Fraser, having sat out his term of office did not offer again until the general election of 1886, when he was elected second on the list, there being six candidates. The vote stood: Dr. John L. Bethune, 777; John A. Fraser, 513; defeating M. A. McLeod, 459; John Morrison, 408; J. J. McCabe, 389; J. Munro, 468. Mr. Fraser also sat for four years in the municipal council of Victoria. He is a Liberal and takes a warm interest in all matters affecting the welfare of Cape Breton. * * * * * =Chênevert, Cuthbert Alphonse=, Barrister, Berthierville, Quebec province, was born in St. Cuthbert, Berthier county, P.Q., on 21st May,