1888. Dr. Courtney is tall, erect, and well formed. He has greyish blue

eyes. His cast of mind is not one-sided, and yet it is logical, analytical, and acute, rather than emotional, poetical, or imaginative. In theology, he describes himself as “high, low, and broad.” It is sufficiently evident, however, that he has no doctrinal sympathy with ritualism, and that he is decidedly evangelical and spiritual in his views of the Christian religion. As a preacher, Dr. Courtney in many respects, at least, has very few equals. His sermons are about thirty-five minutes in length. He uses no manuscript or notes, and yet his discourses have a rhetorical finish which is marvellous. In a whole sermon he will not hesitate for a word, or use one infelicitously. His diction is not floral, but copious and expressive, and includes a fair proportion of metaphor. His illustrations are drawn mostly from Scripture, and he seems to carry the very words of the whole Bible on his tongue’s end. His delivery is generally calm and deliberate, but occasionally becomes impassioned. His enunciation is distinct, and his emphasis always correct. * * * * * =Aubrey, Rev. François Fortunat=, Parish Priest, St. John’s, Quebec, was born in the parish of St. Lawrence, near Montreal, in July, 1830. He is the son of Hyacinthe Aubrey, a farmer, and Genevieve Leduc, his wife. The great-grandfather of Hyacinthe Aubrey was an Irishman, born in Ireland, and bearing the name of Cornelius O’Brennan. The subject of this sketch went through his classical course of studies in the College of Ste. Therese, county of Terrebonne, Quebec, and at 22 years of age entered the clerical order, and was ordained priest in September, 1855. He was professor in Ste. Therese college from 1852 to 1857, teaching rhetoric and natural sciences. In 1857 he was curate at Longueuil, and St. John’s, Quebec; in 1858-9 he was missionary at Prince Edward Island, and in the fall of 1859 he was appointed parish priest at Ste. Marthe, county Vaudreuil, diocese of Montreal. In the fall of 1862 he was called by the late Bishop Joseph Larocque, to be parish priest of the Cathedral of the city of St. Hyacinthe; but in the fall of 1864 he returned to Ste. Marthe, and remained two years. In the fall of 1866, he was called to succeed as parish priest of St. John’s, the late Bishop Charles Larocque, who had been appointed Bishop of St. Hyacinthe. He established, in 1868, an hospital conducted by the Grey Nuns of Montreal, and the same year had the Brothers of the Christian schools to teach the young boys. In the spring of 1878, he left for Europe; where he spent five months, visiting in the course of his tour the chief cities of France, Italy, Belgium, etc. Father Aubrey was always and hopes to be always a devout child of the Roman Catholic church, knowing quite well that the Holy Catholic Roman church is the only one founded by our Saviour Jesus Christ. * * * * * =Lefebvre, Joseph Hubert=, Waterloo, province of Quebec, was born March 3rd, 1853, at Lawrenceville, township of Stukely, county of Shefford, Quebec. He is the eldest son of Joseph Lefebvre, a notary by profession, and who died May 11th, 1884. This family came from France and settled in Lower Canada, in the early part of the 17th century. His mother, Eulalie Boisvert, was a resident of the township of Stukely. The subject of this sketch received an excellent education, spending six years at an English Academy in Knowlton; then taking a classical course at St. Hyacinthe College; and afterwards a business course at the Montreal branch of Bryant & Stratton’s College. In 1870, he was articled to his father as a law student, and was admitted as a notary public, his commission being dated October 4th, 1877. From 1873 to 1876 he was in the lumber business with his brother, William R. Lefebvre, to whom he sold out his interest when he left the place. On being admitted to the notarial profession, Mr. Lefebvre practised a while at Granby, and in May, 1879, settled in Waterloo, where he succeeded to the business of Mr. Brassard, who had a large practice which was transferred to the hands of our subject, and his business consequently was brisk from the start. He was secretary-treasurer of the municipalities of the village of Waterloo, and township of Shefford, and of the schools of the village of Waterloo, and was secretary-treasurer of the municipality and schools of the parish of St. Joachim, when it was erected into a separate municipality, but he only held that position for a short time in order to get the municipality and school board into working order. He resigned all these secretaryships upon being appointed successor to his late father as registrar of the county of Shefford, his commission as such being dated November 7th, 1884. He was president of the Board of License Commissioners appointed under the License Act of 1883, and was appointed revising barrister for the county of Shefford, under a commission of the governor-general, dated October 26th, 1885. He is one of the promoters of the Shefford Agricultural Park Association, was instrumental in getting it incorporated, and has been its secretary-treasurer since its inception. He is largely interested in real estate, having purchased several thousand acres in the township of Minerve, in the county of Ottawa, which he is now colonizing. He was a volunteer in the frontier corps at the time of the Fenian raid in 1870; and was graduated at the Military Academy at Montreal, in 1872. He is a Conservative in politics, and has taken part in some of the political campaigns in Shefford and Brome counties; but is not a bitter partisan. He is a Roman Catholic in religion. He was married April 10th, 1877, to Clara Dorval, a daughter of the late Cajetan Dorval, formerly a merchant and postmaster of St. Césaire, and they have had seven children—six of whom are living and one is dead. * * * * * =Howe, Hon. Joseph.=—The late Hon. Mr. Howe was born at the North-west Arm, about two miles from Halifax, in December, 1804. His father was John Howe, a U. E. loyalist, who was at one time a printer in Boston, but who subsequently became a writer for the newspapers. Young Howe went to school in an irregular fashion in Halifax, and picked up the rudiments of a rough-and-ready sort of education. He was of a rugged frame, had an exuberance of animal spirits, and was fond of crag, and forest, and hill. He had, indeed, those who knew him say, the “poetic temperament,”—though it must be confessed that he did not show much of it in the verses, by so many called poetry, which he afterwards wrote. In 1817 he began to learn the printing business at the _Gazette_ office, Halifax. This paper was owned by his younger brother, John. He served out his full apprenticeship, and then engaged himself in journeyman printing work. While learning his trade young Howe is said to have read voraciously every book that he could lay hands upon. He also published in the _Gazette_ a lot of verses, which, however, did not amount to very much as poetry. “One morning,” says a Canadian writer, “while taking a solitary swim in the Arm, he was seized with cramp and felt himself sinking. He cast an agonized look round, and caught sight of the dearly-loved cottage on the hillside, where his mother was just placing a lighted candle on the window-sill. The thought of the grief which would overshadow that woman’s heart on the morrow inspired him with a strength to give a last despairing kick. The kick dispelled the cramp, and, hastily swimming ashore, he sank down exhausted, but thankful for his deliverance. It was long before he could summon courage to acquaint his parents with the circumstance.” Joseph Howe began a newspaper business on his own account, in 1827, becoming part proprietor of the _Weekly Chronicle_, the name of which was afterwards changed to that of the _Acadian_. He, however, soon sold out the latter, and purchased the _Nova Scotian_. In this newspaper he wrote with great earnestness, eloquence, and force. His style was pregnant, trenchant, and sometimes overwhelming. Mr. Howe’s celebrated _Legislative Review_ began to appear in 1830, and attracted wide notice. In 1835 he published an article which the oligarchists could not tolerate, and he was indicted for libel. He consulted various lawyers. “There can be no successful defence made for you,” they all said, and some invited him to make a humble apology, and throw himself upon the mercy of his prosecutors. He borrowed a lot of law books, read all he could find on libel, and convinced himself that the learned men of the law were wrong. He pleaded his own case, and his heart became comforted, as he saw among the jurors an old man, with tears streaming from his eyes. The jury returned in ten minutes with a verdict of “not guilty,” and the lawyers who had said, “he who pleads his own case has a fool for a client,” were in a way dumbfounded. From this day forward Mr. Howe was a noted man. In 1836 he was elected to parliament for the county of Halifax; and two years later he travelled through Europe, in company with Judge Haliburton, better known as “Sam Slick.” Mr. Howe returned in 1838, and plunged into public work again. Sir Colin Campbell, the iron-headed autocrat, who was then governor, could not understand what the “common” people meant by talking about their “rights,” and with him, Mr. Howe, it need not be said, was at issue. On petition of the province, Governor Campbell was recalled, and was succeeded by Lord Falkland, a son of William IV., by Mrs. Jordan. After a time Falkland became a cat’s-paw in the hands of the Tories, and provoked fierce hostilities from the Liberals, at the head of whom was Joseph Howe. In 1848, the day of triumph came for the Liberals. Mr. Mackie was called upon to form a government, and Mr. Howe became provincial secretary. In 1851 he retired from the representation of Halifax; and in 1863 he became premier, in the place of Mr. Young, who was elevated to the bench. Since the entry into public life of Dr. Tupper, in 1855, there had been a steady, often a furious, hostility between himself and Mr. Howe. The strife was greatest between them on the question of union, to which Mr. Howe was opposed. But Dr. Tupper prevailed, not that he was a greater man than Mr. Howe; but because luck was on his side—there being a general movement in the direction of union, and the Imperial government desired the measure. When confederation was accomplished the now almost broken-down veteran was made to see, by Sir J. A. Macdonald, that he could be loyal to his province, by accepting the inevitable, and making the best of the new order of things. Hence he entered the Dominion cabinet in 1869 as president of the council. Ten months later he became secretary of state for the provinces and superintendent-general of Indian affairs. His health was now all the while growing feebler, and his mental retrogression seemed to keep pace with his physical. In 1873 he was appointed lieutenant-governor of Nova Scotia; but he died a few weeks afterwards. As an orator, Joseph Howe was the greatest man that the provinces which compose Canada have ever produced. He married, in 1828, Catharine Susan Ann, a daughter of Captain John McNab, of the Nova Scotia Fencibles. * * * * * =Coté, Louis=, Manufacturer, St. Hyacinthe. St. Hyacinthe is one of the most flourishing cities of the province of Quebec, and probably also its greatest manufacturing centre. Its tanneries, and its manufactories for boots and shoes, of woollen and knitted goods, of machinery, organs, etc., are not only numerous, but important and thriving establishments. These great industries impart to the local trade an extraordinary amount of activity, which is further enhanced by the well-known fertility of the surrounding agricultural region, and moreover, provides business for a local bank and two branch banks, in addition to the business of the same kind done in Montreal. When a stranger visits this pretty little town, he is always struck by the pervading air of ease, progress, and prosperity. Its buildings are noted for the remarkable taste shown in their construction. The streets are fine, straight, well kept, generally lined with handsome shade trees, and, after dark, lit with the electric light. Besides the magnificent promenade provided by Girouard street, there are also those of the Park, which will be a charming spot when the plantations of trees, made within a few years back, shall have increased in growth. Altogether, the place bears the stamp of activity, enterprise, and progress in every shape. Although founded upwards of seventy-five years ago, it is only about twenty years since St. Hyacinthe entered upon its present era of extraordinary development. In and about 1860, it was still nothing more than a big country village, inhabited by a sleeping population. The magnificent water power of the Yamaska river was only utilized to run two grist mills and a rope factory, the remainder of the water running to waste, while no one dreamt of making use of it for manufacturing purposes calculated to furnish employment to a working population steeped in want. The only establishments which gave the city any importance were its splendid college and convents. A few years before this, the two Coté brothers, in partnership with Guillaume Bresse, had introduced into Quebec the boot and shoe industry, which has since developed to such an extraordinary extent in that city. The Messrs. Coté had been born and reared in the environs of St. Hyacinthe, and their native city had naturally a warm place in their regard. They had long been sensible of the adaptability of its advantages to manufacturing industry, and only an occasion, some happy circumstance, was needed to induce them to turn them to account. Mr. Bourgeois, now judge of the Superior Court at Three Rivers, was then a practising lawyer at St. Hyacinthe, where he wielded an amount of influence as extensive as it was well deserved. A gentleman of broad and patriotic views, sincerely anxious for the progress of his town, he believed it had all the requirements of a manufacturing centre, and, as the cousin and intimate friend of Louis Coté, he pressed the point upon his attention, and urged him to establish himself in St. Hyacinthe, convinced that, with the assistance of so intelligent and enterprising a man, the place could not fail to fulfil its manifest destiny. The proposition was favorably entertained by Louis Coté, for whom Judge Bourgeois also found a partner with some capital in the person of Victor Coté. Leaving Mr. Bresse at Quebec, Louis Coté removed to St. Hyacinthe in 1863, and in partnership with his brother George and Victor Coté, he opened the establishment which marked St. Hyacinthe’s first step towards manufacturing eminence. The success of this establishment, now one of the largest in the country, is too well known to be dwelt upon. But it is not alone as a successful business man that Louis Coté has distinguished himself. He is also famous as an inventor, and the boot and shoe industry is indebted to his ingenuity for several machines which have largely contributed to its development. Most of his inventions have, in fact, become so indispensable to the trade that no one dreams at present of manufacturing shoes without them any more than of driving nails without a hammer. Attempts have been made to infringe his patents, and, to vindicate his rights, Mr. Coté had even to do battle for them before the Supreme Court of the United States, but he won his case, and to-day his machines are deservedly regarded as the _ne plus ultra_ of perfection. His inventions are now in use all over in the great boot and shoe factories of Canada, the United States, England, Germany, and France. It will be easily understood that a man so intelligent and enterprising as our subject could not fail to exercise a marked influence on the progress of the city which had the advantage of counting him among its population, and the still more direct advantage of having him as its mayor during a number of years. In concert with Judge Bourgeois, who was also for many years a councillor and mayor of St. Hyacinthe, he always favored and stimulated industrial progress, or the encouragement of promising branches of manufacture. His own example, his prosperity, and the ever increasing success of his own establishment, were the means by which St. Hyacinthe was raised to the pinnacle of manufacturing importance on which it stands to-day, and on which it rests its claim to the dignity of the greatest industrial centre, in proportion to population, not only of the province of Quebec, but of the Dominion of Canada. But Mr. Coté’s beneficial influence was not alone felt in the commercial and industrial departments. As a member of the city council, and especially as mayor, he did much towards endowing St. Hyacinthe with improvements which are usually found only in the most populous and advanced cities. The superb waterworks which supplies the city and protects it against the recurrence of the disastrous conflagrations which ravaged it in the past, was built by a company of which Mr. Coté was the initiator, and is the principal stockholder and president. In the work of reform of the local school system, Mr. Coté labored hand in hand with the Rev. Mr. Gravel, then parish priest of St. Hyacinthe, and acting bishop of Nicolet; Jos. Naud, registrar; Euclide Richer, stationer; Charles Ledoux, and Mr. Chenet, all of whom gave in the matter proof of a zeal and devotion which entitles them to the lasting gratitude of their fellow citizens. He inspired, and was to a large extent the author of all the measures adopted to make the place the most prosperous and attractive manufacturing centre, not only in the province of Quebec, but in all Canada, outside of the great commercial cities. In a word, Mr. Coté, by his industry and example, made St. Hyacinthe. The brilliant and fruitful career of this good man furnishes a striking illustration of what can be done by intelligence, industry, good conduct, and love of country. He started out in life without education or pecuniary resource. After learning his trade in the United States, he returned to Montreal, where he soon secured a position as foreman in one of the great shoe factories of that city. There he devoted all his leisure time to study, and saved his earnings in order to procure for himself a good education. He followed the courses of the Jacques Cartier Normal School, and, thanks to the kindly interest taken in him by the Abbé Verrault, principal of that institution, he completed his studies there, and left it with that superior education in which so many of our great manufacturers and mechanics are deficient. Since then he has continued to instruct himself, and his library to-day offers him a source of information upon which he draws abundantly. The money which he saved by his self-denial not only furnished him with education but with a small capital which enabled him to start business on his own account, and to conquer fortune. By his intelligence and good conduct he has also given to the great question of capital and labor the only practical solution of which it is susceptible—he acquired capital by labor. To-day Mr. Coté is one of the wealthiest manufacturers in his line. He enjoys, in the fullest measure, the esteem and gratitude of his fellow citizens, and is known all over the country as a remarkable man. Although a Liberal in politics, the Federal government has paid homage to his merits and abilities, by appointing him a member of its labor commission, and, thanks to his intimate acquaintanceship with economic questions, his experience and practical knowledge, he is sure to make his mark in that connection as he has done in all others in the past. Louis Coté is still a comparatively young man, being only in his fiftieth year, so that, if he should be spared, there is still a bright career of usefulness before him for the good of his native city and the country at large. In religion, he is a Roman Catholic. He married, in 1868, Louise, daughter of Charles Pigeon, a most charming and distinguished lady; he has no family. * * * * * =Casavant, Joseph Claver & Samuel=, St. Hyacinthe, Quebec. Joseph was born on 16th September, 1855, and Samuel on 4th April, 1859, in the city of St. Hyacinthe. These two gentlemen compose the firm of Casavant, Frères, organ builders, St. Hyacinthe, Quebec province. They are the sons of Joseph Casavant, who died the 9th March, 1874, aged 67 years, after a successful career as an organ-builder, in the course of which he built the organs for Kingston and Ottawa Roman Catholic Cathedrals, and many others. The subjects of this sketch were educated at St. Hyacinthe college, and after leaving this seminary of learning they were entered as apprentices with a prominent firm of organ builders. After acquiring a thorough insight into the details of the business, they went to Europe in 1878 and made an extensive tour of England, Holland, Belgium, Germany, Switzerland, Italy and France, the primary object of their travels being to gain an idea of the more recent improvements made by the more prominent organ builders in the countries visited. Returning to Canada in 1880, they entered into business on their own account, and have built many organs which testify to the ability of the builders, and the thoroughness with which they have grasped every detail of their profession. Among the best specimens of their work are the organs in the St. Hyacinthe Roman Catholic Cathedral, Varennes parish church, Notre Dame de Lourdes, in Montreal, etc. Ever on the watch for improvements, and determined to have a knowledge from personal investigation, of every new invention relating to their business, the brothers, in 1886, took another tour through the principal centres in Europe, returning by way of the United States. In the course of this tour they obtained many valuable hints which they have turned to good account in their latest instruments. They are now building an organ for Notre Dame French Church in Montreal, which will contain eighty-five sounding stops (one hundred knobs), and is estimated to cost thirty thousand dollars. It will be provided with all the modern improvements, and will contain several new features which have not yet been used in Canada, the most important being that of electric action. This magnificent organ will be the largest in Canada, and will be a credit alike to the builders and to the Dominion of Canada. * * * * * =Kincaid, Robert=, M.D., Peterboro’, Ont., Surgeon-Major, was born June 10th, 1832, in the county Donegal, Ireland. He is the son of George Kincaid, and Elizabeth Virtue, his wife, daughter of George Virtue, a wealthy mill owner of Donegal. She was also related to the Virtues of the great publishing house, London, England. Dr. Kincaid, the subject of this sketch, came to Canada in 1847, and received his education at Queen’s University, Kingston, graduating with honors in 1863. He has been the surgeon of the 57th battalion, Peterborough Rangers, since it was gazetted in 1866, and now holds the rank of surgeon-major. He entered the service of the United States in 1863, and served until the termination of the war, being present at the engagements of the Wilderness, Mine Run, Coal Harbor, Spottsylvania Court House and Petersburg. He was for a time surgeon in charge of Governor’s Island Hospital, at the foot of Broadway, N.Y., the most important medical office in the gift of the government of the United States; and was afterwards, in 1864, transferred to Maine, as medical director of that state, with headquarters at Portland. Upon the conclusion of the war he returned to Canada, and in 1865 settled in Peterborough, where he has resided ever since and built one of the largest and most important practices in the midland district. In addition to his medical practice he conducts a large stock farm of about 400 acres a few miles from town, and has been prominently identified with the different agricultural societies for some years. He has been surgeon of the county of Peterborough since 1867; surgeon to the corporation of the town of Peterborough since 1868, and he still holds both offices; he is also senior surgeon of the Nicholls’ Hospital, examining surgeon for the Canada Life, North American Life, Equitable Life, Federal Life and the Manufacturers’ Life Insurance companies. In politics he has been a life long Conservative, and still holds the same views, although at the last Dominion election he warmly supported George A. Cox, the Reform candidate, on strong personal grounds. In 1883, upon the death of the late W. H. Scott, Q.C, M.P.P., the doctor was elected by acclamation to represent West Peterborough in the Ontario legislature, he being the only man in the riding acceptable to both parties, and the only man in Canada who was ever nominated for parliament by both political parties at the same time. At the end of his term, he declined re-nomination. Dr. Kincaid is a fluent speaker. For many years he held the office of coroner for the town and county of Peterborough, and in that capacity conducted many important inquests; but upon his election to parliament he resigned the office, and has since declined re-appointment. He has frequently been asked to run for municipal honors, but always declined, preferring to devote all his time to his profession. He was chosen to the Senate of Queen’s University in 1886. For many years he was prominently identified with the Masonic order, and held all the different offices until he reached the high position of district deputy grand master of Ontario district. He was initiated into Masonry in 1863, in St. Lawrence lodge, Montreal, under the Grand Lodge of England. The doctor has travelled through every state in the American Union and through all parts of the Dominion. He was brought up in the faith of the Episcopal Church, and was confirmed by John Toronto. He is still in sympathy with the doctrines of that church, but being opposed to the high church views which prevail in Peterborough, he does not attend the services. Has attended the Presbyterian churches here, and for some time was chairman of the Board of Managers of St. Andrew’s Church, but left that body, consequent upon the change of ministers, when the Rev. D. J. Macdonnell left Peterborough for Toronto. Dr. Kincaid was married in 1865 to Margaret M., daughter of James Bell, then manager of the Commercial Bank of Canada, at Perth, now registrar of the county of Lanark; niece of the Rev. Dr. Bell, of Queen’s College; niece of Judge Malloch, of Brockville, and cousin of Prof. Bell of the Geological Survey of Canada. The union has been blessed with several children, one girl and three boys of whom are now living. * * * * * =Laurier, Hon. Wilfrid=, B.C.L., Q.C., Quebec, M.P. for Quebec East, leader of the Liberal party in the House of Commons at Ottawa, was born at St. Lin, L’Assomption, Quebec province, on the 24th November, 1841. He is descended from a distinguished French family, who were among the first to settle in Canada. His father was the late Carolus Laurier, who in his lifetime was a provincial land surveyor. The future leader of the Liberal party was educated at the college of L’Assomption, and having finished his literary course there, he was entered for the study of the law in the office of the Hon. R. Laflamme, Q.C. Here he devoted himself diligently to the study of his chosen calling, and in due time was called to the bar of Lower Canada. This was in the year 1865; but the year previous he had taken, at McGill University, the degree of B.C.L. In October, 1880, he was appointed a Queen’s counsel. Hon. Mr. Laurier always from a very early age took a deep interest in public questions, and was resolved, when the first opportunity offered, to seek a position in the legislature. With this object in view, he gave his attention to literature and journalism, and for a period edited _Le Defricheur_ newspaper. He was an earnest advocate of temperance, and was a delegate to the Dominion Prohibitory Convention, held in Montreal, in 1875. At the general election of 1871 his ambition to get into public life was realized, he being that year elected to the Legislative Assembly of the province of Quebec for Drummond and Arthabaska. He remained in the legislature till January, 1874, when he resigned in order to contest the same seat for the House of Commons. In the provincial parliament his record had been excellent. He was known to be a sincere, upright, able and well-informed public man, and had proven himself a genuine Liberal in the truest and best sense of the word; so when he came to ask his constituents to send him to the wider sphere of usefulness they did not refuse him. On taking his seat in the House of Commons, his brilliant abilities and his high character were at once acknowledged. Sir John A. Macdonald, through his Pacific Railway transaction, had been relegated to the opposition benches, and the Hon. Alexander Mackenzie had been called upon to form an administration. Mr. Laurier was invited by the new premier to enter his cabinet, and he was sworn in as member of the Privy Council, September, 1877, and given the portfolio of Inland Revenue. This office he held until the following year, when the Mackenzie government resigned. On seeking re-election in his old constituency, at the general election which followed, he was rejected; but the Hon. I. Thibaudeau having resigned his seat in Quebec East, Hon. Mr. Laurier was elected as his successor, and he has represented that constituency ever since. On the retirement of the Hon. Edward Blake in 1887, in consequence of ill health, from the leadership of the Liberal party in the House of Commons, Hon. Mr. Laurier was unanimously chosen as his successor, and his friends have great hopes that he will prove a leader worthy of the name. He is calm and reasonable, and always receives respect and attention when he rises, and has always, on such occasions, something to say. He speaks with a very pure French accent, and is a very effective speaker. Hon. Mr. Laurier is a director of the Royal Mutual Life Insurance Company. In religion he is a Roman Catholic. He was married on the 13th May, 1868, to Miss Lafontaine. * * * * * =O’Sullivan, Dennis Ambrose=, M.A., D.C.L., Barrister-at-Law, etc., Toronto, Ont., is the youngest son of the late Michael O’Sullivan, of Campbellford, farmer. His father came to this country from Cork, Ireland, in 1832, and was one of the most respected men in his county. His mother belongs to the family of Hennessys, well known to this day in the south of Ireland. In the early days of this province, farmers’ homes were frequently used for the purpose of having divine service therein, and for many years, in the parish of Seymour, mass was said every second Sunday in the house of Michael O’Sullivan, every year, in fact, up to the building of the present Roman Catholic Church at Campbellford. He brought up his children strictly within the church, and died in 1866, greatly regretted. One of his sons, the late Dr. J. O’Sullivan, was well known as a professional man; and in political life sat for eight years as Conservative member for East Peterboro’. Dr. D. A. O’Sullivan was born on the 21st February, 1848, in Seymour, Northumberland county, Ontario. He is a practising lawyer in Toronto, and was called to the bar in 1875. He was educated in a common school and in St. Michael’s College, 1866-72, and graduated in the latter year in the University of Toronto. He received the degree of M.A. in 1876, and the degree of LL.B. in the following year, having been scholar and prizeman in the Toronto University during each year of the course. Since that time he has applied himself to the study of the law, and devoted his leisure hours to legal and historical literature. In 1879 he published the first edition of his “Government in Canada,” and a second edition of the same work in 1887. This book is the text book on the Canadian constitution in the Law Society of Ontario, and is extensively used in colleges throughout Canada. In 1881 he published a volume on “Practical Conveyancing,” and another on “How to Draw a Simple Will,” a little volume intended for clergymen and doctors of medicine, and containing a good deal of instructive and curious matter. In the following year he was named a member of the senate of the University of Toronto by the lieutenant-governor, and subsequently appointed one of the commissioners of the Ontario government to inquire into the workings of the Central Prison, and to report on prisons generally. He has lately devoted himself to historical studies regarding the church in Canada, and the origin of the Canadian laws. For essays and other productions in this direction, published in American magazines, and by the Canadian Institute annals, and for some light literature, the University of Laval conferred on him, in June, 1887, the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws. He is a regular contributor to several magazines and reviews, and is a member of a number of historical societies in Canada and the United States. He does not belong to any national, political or other societies, except charitable societies; is secretary and one of the managers of the House of Industry; a director of the Toronto Conservatory of Music, etc. He is solicitor for all the Roman Catholic charities in Toronto, for the Roman Catholic Episcopal Corporation, and the colleges in the city. He was married, in 1881, to Emma Mary, the eldest daughter of W. H. Higgins, editor of the Whitby _Chronicle_. * * * * * =Tartre, Joseph Raphael=, Notary Public, Waterloo, province of Quebec, was born at St. Hyacinthe, Quebec, on the 3rd October, 1843. His father, Charles Tartre, was a farmer and bailiff, of Roxton Falls, Quebec, and a son of Charles Tartre and Marie Legros _dit_ St. Pierre, who settled on the south side of the Yamaska river during the first years of the present century. His mother, Marie Adelaide Beaudry, is a descendant of the Beaudry family which settled in St. Jean Bte. de Rouville, Quebec, early in the present century. His father was settled first in St. Pie, county of Bagot, and moved thence to Roxton Falls, in September, 1851. The subject of this sketch is the second of eleven children, the oldest being a grey nun (called in religion Sister Ste. Elizabeth), since 1858. He was educated at St. Hyacinthe College, from 1856 to 1861. When twenty-one years of age, on account of ill-health, he was admitted, on the 13th May, 1864, a bailiff of the Superior Court, and settled at Waterloo on the 24th May, 1864. While practising as a bailiff, he began the study of the notarial profession on the 15th June, 1866, and was admitted to practise on the 3rd May, 1871. He was acting deputy registrar of the county of Shefford, from May, 1874, to August, 1876; and was secretary of schools for the township of Shefford, Waterloo included, for 1872 and 1873. He has been secretary-treasurer of the municipality of the county of Shefford since the 11th June, 1879; and a member of the Roman Catholic school board of examiners of the district of Bedford since 1875; also secretary-treasurer of the Roman Catholic schools of Waterloo since April, 1883, the date of their organization; and a commissioner of the Superior Court since 1872. He has also been secretary-treasurer of the Waterloo Imperial Building Society since the 1st May, 1877. He has always taken a moderate part in politics, and in municipal matters, and was mainly instrumental in having the parish of St. Joachim de Shefford erected into a municipality, and was one of the many who helped in starting the newspaper in Waterloo, called _The Independent_. He is a staunch Roman Catholic in religion. He was married, on the 29th January, 1866, to Malvina, second daughter of Gabriel Hubert and Justine Marchessault, of Contrecœur, Quebec, and has had issue ten children, eight of whom are still living. The eldest, C. U. R. Tartre, twenty-one years of age, has just completed his classical course at the St. Hyacinthe College, and is now studying the notarial profession with his father. Mrs. J. R. Tartre is now (March, 1888,) a candidate in the election of popularity, the object and proceeds whereof are to erect, if possible, a commercial college in Waterloo. This election closes on the 2nd July, 1888. * * * * * =Edgar, James David=, Barrister, Toronto, M.P. for West Ontario, was born in the Eastern Townships, Quebec province, on the 10th August, 1841, where he received his early educational training. He is descended from the elder branch of the Edgars of Keithock, Forfarshire, Scotland, a family which has impressed its name on the annals of that country. Mr. Edgar adopted law as a profession, and having gone through the usual course of study, was called to the bar of Upper Canada, in Michaelmas term, 1864. Since then he has successfully practised his profession in Toronto, and is at present the head of the firm of Edgar, Malone & Garvin, barristers, solicitors, notaries, etc. He first presented himself for parliamentary honors at the general election of 1872, when he was elected, and sat in the House of Commons at Ottawa until the general election in 1874, when he was defeated. In 1872 he unsuccessfully contested Centre Toronto, but on the 22nd August, 1884, upon the resignation of the sitting member, he was elected by the Reformers of West Ontario to represent them in parliament. At the last general election he was again chosen by the same constituency, and continues to sit in the House of Commons as their representative. In 1874, Mr. Edgar was sent by the Dominion government to British Columbia to arrange terms for the postponement of the construction of the Canada Pacific railway. He is of a literary turn of mind, and, apart from his books on law, such as “Insolvent Act of 1864, with Notes, Forms,” etc., published in 1864; “An Act to Amend the Insolvent Act of 1864, with Annotations, Notes of Decisions,” etc., published in 1865, he frequently contributes to the columns of our daily press and periodicals. Indeed, he has entered the realm of poetry, and a couple of years ago published a no mean volume on a Canadian subject. He is a director of the Confederation Life Association, of the _Globe_ Printing Company, and of the Midland Railway Company. In politics he is a staunch Liberal, and in religion belongs to the Episcopal church. In September, 1865, he was married to Matilda, second daughter of the late T. G. Ridout, of Toronto. * * * * * =Price, Herbert Molesworth=, Timber Merchant, Quebec, was born on the 31st of August, 1847, at Benhall, Ross, Herefordshire, England. His father was William Price, gentleman. He was educated at private schools at Hereford, and Norwood, near London, where he made rapid progress, English and mathematics being his principal studies. Having at an early age evinced a predilection for banking, a position was secured for him in the West of England and South Wales District Bank, at Ross. He entered on his duties in 1864, and remained in the service of that institution until January, 1869, when he relinquished his situation for a higher post in the Bank of British North America, London. He was soon after transferred to the Montreal branch of that bank, and successively filled positions at the following branches, viz., St. John, N.B., Halifax, N.S., New York and Hamilton, Kingston, Brantford, and Dunnville, Ont., and Quebec. After serving at the latter branch as accountant for four years, with great acceptance to the board, he resigned his office and entered the Merchants Bank of Canada, Quebec, as manager. This responsible position he held from 1879 until March, 1884, when he retired from banking, after a continuous service of twenty years, and joining the important firm of Hall Brothers & Co., in connection with the Montmorency mills, embarked into business. His firm is now composed of Peter Patterson Hall, and H. M. Price. Their operations are confined to two mills besides those of Montmorency. The firm makes 300,000 logs per annum on the rivers Chaudière, Gentilly, Nicolet, Bécancour, Duchene, and Montmorency, employing in the work a large number of men. In politics, Mr. Price is a Conservative of independent and broad views. A member of the Church of England, he has always taken a deep interest in religious thought and movement, and his active mind has found expression in the conduct of the temporal affairs of his church, where for some years he has been a member of the select vestry of the English cathedral. He has held several prominent offices, among which may be named those of the first vice-president of St. George’s Society; provisional director of the Quebec Railway Bridge Company; member of the council of the Quebec Board of Trade; member of the Central Board Church Society, and member of the council of the Literary and Historical Society of Quebec. In this latter position his literary, historical, and antiquarian tastes find ample development. He is a qualified justice of the peace. Mr. Price has always taken considerable interest in athletic sports and pastimes. He has been captain of the Quebec Cricket and Football clubs, and was a member of a Football team for Canada which played against the Harvard University Club of Cambridge, Mass., in Montreal, in 1875. J. M. LeMoine has given an interesting sketch of Mr. Price, and of his summer residence, Montmorency cottage, in his late book, “Monographies et Esquisses.” In March, 1877, Mr. Price was married to S. A. Martha Hall, daughter of the late George Benson Hall, of Montmorency Falls, P.Q., a lady of fine social qualities and culture. * * * * * =Phelan, Cornelius J. F. R.=, M.D., C.M., Waterloo, Quebec, was born on the 10th of May, 1840, at St. Columbin, county of Two Mountains, Quebec. His father, John Phelan, was born 10th June, 1787, at Kilkenny, Ireland. He was major of militia, mayor and magistrate. As magistrate he generally settled disputes amicably and to the perfect satisfaction of the litigants, thus saving acrimony and heavy law costs; he was also a merchant and farmer, and did a very extensive business; he was generous to a fault, always the poor man’s friend, and died the 9th April, 1862, deeply mourned by all who knew him far and near. Dr. Phelan’s mother, Mary Phelan, was born on the 15th August, 1798, and died on the 26th July, 1874. She was a pious woman, a loving mother, and a devoted and industrious wife. The late Bishop Phelan, of Kingston, was her brother. He was a first-class administrator, a general favorite alike among Protestants and Catholics, and his untimely death was universally regretted. The subject of this sketch was educated at the seminary of Ste. Therese de Blainville, Quebec, taking a full classical course, afterwards pursuing his medical studies at McGill College, Montreal, and graduating therefrom in 1865. In the spring of 1865, he began to practise at Iberville, and in November of the same year removed to Knowlton, Brome, Quebec, where he remained until January 8th, 1880, when he went to Waterloo, his present home. As he took up the study of medicine from pure love of the profession, it is not strange that his success has been far above the average; and that the older he grows the more he is in love with his calling. He is a member of the district of Bedford Medical Association; a leading member of the Board of Health of Waterloo; medical examiner for several leading Life Insurance companies and has been physician to the Maple Wood Convent since 1881. This is one of the finest institutions of the kind in the province, and is under the direction of the Sisters of J.M.J., of Hochelaga. The house was formerly the residence of the Hon. A. B. Foster, and is a splendid edifice surrounded by beautiful and well-kept grounds. Dr. Phelan has been secretary of the St. Patrick’s Benevolent Society of Shefford, and also president of the St. Joseph Society of Waterloo. He has always been a Conservative, but the duties of his profession have prevented him from taking any active part in politics though often strongly urged to do so. In 1864 he travelled through the United States, making a prolonged stay at Washington to visit the military hospitals there, they being such excellent schools for surgery. In religion he is a Roman Catholic. He was married on the 8th November, 1864, to Mary Eledeanne M. Guindon, of Montreal, a cousin-german of Judge Ouimet; she was educated in the Congregational convent there. They have one daughter who is now pursuing her studies at Maple Wood Convent. * * * * * =Bernier, Michel Esdras=, St. Hyacinthe, Quebec, Notary, J.P., and M.P. for St. Hyacinthe, was born at St. Hyacinthe, on the 28th September,