5. INSTITUTIONS

#963. Legality.—N. legality; legitimacy, legitimateness. # legislature; law, code, corpus juris[Lat], constitution, pandect[obs3], charter, enactment, statute, rule; canon &c. (precept) 697; ordinance, institution, regulation; bylaw, byelaw; decree &c. (order) 741; ordonnance[obs3]; standing order; plebiscite &c. (choice) 609. legal process; form, formula, formality; rite, arm of the law; habeas corpus; fieri facias[Lat]. [Science of law] jurisprudence, nomology[obs3]; legislation, codification. equity, common law; lex[Lat], lex nonscripta[Lat][obs3]; law of nations, droit des gens[Fr], international law, jus gentium[Lat]; jus civile[Lat]; civil law, canon law, crown law, criminal law, statute law, ecclesiastical law, administrative law; lex mercatoria[Lat]. constitutionalism, constitutionality; justice &c. 922. [institution for deciding questions of law] court, tribunal &c. 966. [person who presides at a court or tribunal] judge &c. 967. [specialist in questions of law] lawyer, attorney, legal counsel &c. 968. V. legalize; enact, ordain; decree &c. (order) 741; pass a law, enact a regulation; legislate; codify, formulate; regulate. Adj. legal, legitimate; according to law; vested, constitutional, chartered, legalized; lawful &c. (permitted) 760; statutable[obs3], statutory; legislatorial, legislative; regulatory, regulated. Adv. legally &c. adj.; in the eye of the law; de jure[Lat]. Phr. ignorantia legis neminem excusat[Latin: ignorance of the law is no excuse]; "where law ends tyranny begins" [Earl of Chatham]. #964. [Absence or violation of law.] Illegality.—N. lawlessness; # illicitness; breach of law, violation of law, infraction of the law; disobedience &c. 742; unconformity &c. 83. arbitrariness &c. adj.; antinomy, violence, brute force, despotism, outlawry. mob law, lynch law, club law, Lydford law, martial law, drumhead law; coup d'etat[Fr]; le droit du plus fort[Fr]; argumentum baculinum[obs3][Lat]. illegality, informality, unlawfulness, illegitimacy, bar sinister. trover and conversion[Law]; smuggling, poaching; simony. [person who violates the law] outlaw, bad man &c. 949. v. offend against the law; violate the law, infringe the law, break the law; set the law at defiance, ride roughshod over, drive a coach and six through a statute; ignore the law, make the law a dead letter, take the law into one's own hands. smuggle, run, poach. Adj. illegal[contrary to law], unlawful, illegitimate; not allowed, prohibited &c. 761; illicit, contraband; actionable. unwarranted, unwarrantable; unauthorized; informal, unofficial; injudicial[obs3], extrajudicial. lawless, arbitrary; despotic, despotical[obs3]; corrupt, summary, irresponsible; unanswerable, unaccountable. [of invalid or expired law] expired, invalid; unchartered, unconstitutional; null and void; a dead letter. [in absence of law] lawless, unregulated Adv. illegally &c. adj.; with a high hand, in violation of law. #965. Jurisdiction. [Executive.]—N. jurisdiction, judicature, administration of justice, soc; executive, commission of the peace; magistracy &c. (authority) 737. judge &c. 967; tribunal &c. 966; municipality, corporation, bailiwick, shrievalty[Brit]; lord lieutenant, sheriff, shire reeve, shrieve[obs3], constable; selectman; police, police force, the fuzz [sarcastic]; constabulary, bumbledom[obs3], gendarmerie[Fr]. officer, bailiff, tipstaff, bum-bailiff, catchpoll, beadle; policeman, cop [coll.], police constable, police sergeant; sbirro[obs3], alguazil[obs3], gendarme, kavass[obs3], lictor[obs3], mace bearer, huissier[Fr], bedel[obs3]; tithingman[obs3]. press gang; exciseman[obs3], gauger, gager[obs3], customhouse officer, douanier[Fr]. coroner, edile[obs3], aedile[obs3], portreeve[obs3], paritor|; posse comitatus[Lat]. bureau, cutcherry[obs3], department, secretariat. [extension of jurisdiction] long arm of the law, extradition. V. judge, sit in judgment; extradite. Adj. executive, administrative, municipal; inquisitorial, causidical[obs3]; judicatory[obs3], judiciary, judicial; juridical. Adv. coram judice[Lat]. #966. Tribunal.—N. tribunal, court, board, bench, judicatory[obs3]; court of justice, court of law, court of arbitration, administrative court; inquisition; guild. justice seat; judgment seat, mercy seat; woolsack[obs3]; bar of justice; dock; forum, hustings, bureau, drumhead; jury box, witness box. senate house, town hall, theater; House of Commons, House of Lords; statehouse [U.S.], townhouse. assize, eyre; wardmote[obs3], burghmote[obs3]; barmote[obs3]; superior courts of Westminster; court of record, court oyer and terminer[Law], court assize, court of appeal, court of error; High court of Judicature, High court of Appeal; Judicial Committee of the Privy Council; Star Chamber; Court of Chancery, Court of King's or Queen's Bench, Court of Exchequer, Court of Common Pleas, Court of Probate, Court of Arches, Court of Admiralty; Lords Justices' court, Rolls court, Vice Chancellor's court, Stannary court[obs3], Divorce court, Family court, Palatine court, county court, district court, police court; sessions; quarter sessions, petty sessions; court-leet[Fr], court-baron, court of pie poudre[Fr], court of common council; board of green cloth. court martial; drumhead court martial; durbar[obs3], divan; Areopagus[obs3]; Irota. Adj. judicial &c. 965; appellate. Phr. die Weltgeschichte ist das Weltgericht[Ger]. #967. Judge.—N. judge; justice, justiciar[obs3], justiciary[obs3]; chancellor; justice of assize, judge of assize; recorder, common sergeant; puisne judge, assistant judge, county court judge; conservator of the peace, justice of the peace; J.P.; court &c. (tribunal) 966; magistrate, police magistrate, beak*; his worship, his honor, his lordship. jury, twelve men in a box. Lord Chancellor, Lord Justice; Master of the Rolls, Vice Chancellor; Lord Chief Justice, Chief Baron; Mr. Justice, Associate Justice, Chief Justice; Baron, Baron of the Exchequer. jurat[Lat], assessor; arbiter, arbitrator; umpire; referee, referendary[obs3]; revising barrister; domesman[obs3]; censor &c. (critic) 480; barmaster[obs3], ephor[obs3]; grand juror, grand juryman; juryman, talesman. archon, tribune, praetor, syndic, podesta[obs3], mollah[obs3], ulema, mufti, cadi[obs3], kadi[obs3]; Rhadamanthus[obs3]. litigant &c. (accusation) 938. V. adjudge &c. (determine) 480; try a case, try a prisoner. Adj. judicial &c. 965. Phr. "a Daniel come to judgment" [Merchant of Venice]. #968. Lawyer.—N. lawyer, attorney, legal counsel; counsel, counsellor, counsellor at law, attorney at law; jurist, legist[obs3], civilian, pundit, publicist, juris consult[Lat], legal adviser, advocate; barrister, barrister at law; King's or Queen's counsel; K.C.; Q.C.; silk gown, leader, sergeant-at-law, bencher; tubman[obs3], judge &c. 967. bar, legal profession, bar association, association of trial lawyers; officer of the court; gentleman of the long robe; junior bar, outer bar, inner bar; equity draftsman, conveyancer, pleader, special pleader. solicitor, proctor; notary, notary public; scrivener, cursitor[obs3]; writer, writer to the signet; S.S.C.; limb of the law; pettifogger; vakil[obs3]. legal beagle [coll.]. [persons accessory to lawyers] legal secretary; legal assistant; law student. V. practice law, practice at the bar, practice within the bar; plead; call to the bar, be called to the bar, be called within the bar; take silk; take to the law. give legal counsel, provide legal counsel. Adj. learned in the law; at the bar; forensic; esquire, esquired. Phr. banco regis[Lat]. #969. Lawsuit.—N. lawsuit, suit, action, cause; litigation; suit in # law; dispute &c. 713. citation, arraignment, prosecution, impeachment; accusation &c. 938; presentment, true bill, indictment. apprehension, arrest; committal; imprisonment &c. (restraint) 751. writ, summons, subpoena, latitat[obs3], nisi prius[Lat]; venire, venire facias pleadings[Lat]; declaration, bill, claim; proces verbal[Fr]; bill of right, information, corpus delicti; affidavit, state of facts; answer, reply, replication, plea, demurrer, rebutter, rejoinder; surrebutter[obs3], surrejoinder[obs3]. suitor, party to a suit; plaintiff, defendant, litigant &c. 938. hearing, trial; verdict &c. (judgment) 480; appeal, appeal motion; writ of error; certiorari[Lat]. case; decision, precedent; decided case, reports (legal reference works, see reference books). V. go to law, appeal to the law; bring to justice, bring to trial, bring to the bar; put on trial, pull up; accuse &c. 938; prefer a claim, file a claim &c.n.; take the law of, inform against. serve with a writ, cite, apprehend, arraign, sue, prosecute, bring an action against, indict, impeach, attach, distrain, commit; arrest; summon, summons; give in charge &c. (restrain) 751. empanel a jury, implead[obs3], join issue; close the pleadings; set down for hearing. try, hear a cause; sit in judgment; adjudicate &c. 480. Adj. litigious &c. (quarrelsome) 713; qui tam; coram judice[Lat], sub judice[Lat]. Adv. pendente lite[Lat]. Phr. adhuc sub judice lis est[Lat]; accedas ad curiam[Lat]; transeat in exemplum[Lat]. #970. Acquittal.—N. acquittal, acquitment[obs3]; clearance, # exculpation; acquittance, clearance, exoneration; discharge &c. (release) 750; quietus, absolution, compurgation[obs3], reprieve, respite; pardon &c. (forgiveness) 918. [Exemption from punishment] impunity; diplomatic immunity; immunity; plea bargain, deal with the prosecutor. [in civil suits] no cause for action; no damages. V. acquit, exculpate, exonerate, clear; absolve, whitewash, assoil[obs3]; discharge, release; liberate &c. 750. reprieve, respite; pardon &c. (forgive) 918; let off, let off scot- free. drop the charges. plea bargain, strike a deal. no-cause[in civil suits][transitive]; get no-caused[intransitive]. Adj. acquitted &c. v.; uncondemned, unpunished, unchastised. not guilty; not proven. not liable. Phr. nemo bis punitur pro codem delicto[Lat][obs3]. #971. Condemnation.—N. condemnation, conviction, judgment, penalty, # sentence; proscription, damnation; death warrant. attainder, attainture[obs3], attaintment[obs3]. V. condemn, convict, cast, bring home to, find guilty, damn, doom, sign the death warrant, sentence, pass sentence on, attaint, confiscate, proscribe, sequestrate; nonsuit[obs3]. disapprove &c. 932; accuse &c. 938. stand condemned. Adj. condemnatory, damnatory[obs3]; guilty, condemned &c.v.; nonsuited &c. (failure) 732[obs3]; self-convicted. Phr. mutato nomine de te fabula narratur[Lat]; "unrespited, unpitied, unreprieved" [P.L.]. #972. Punishment.—N. punishment,punition[obs3]; chastisement, chastening; correction, castigation. discipline, infliction, trial; judgment; penalty &c. 974; retribution; thunderbolt, Nemesis; requital &c. (reward) 973; penology; retributive justice. lash, scaffold &c. (instrument of punishment) 975; imprisonment &c. (restraint) 751; transportation, banishment, expulsion, exile, involuntary exile, ostracism; penal servitude, hard labor; galleys &c. 975; beating &c.v.; flagellation, fustigation[obs3], gantlet, strappado[obs3], estrapade[obs3], bastinado, argumentum baculinum[Lat][obs3], stick law, rap on the knuckles, box on the ear; blow &c. (impulse) 276; stripe, cuff, kick, buffet, pummel; slap, slap in the face; wipe, douse; coup de grace; torture, rack; picket, picketing; dragonnade[obs3]. capital punishment; execution; lethal injection; the gas chamber; hanging &c.v.; electrocution, rail-riding, scarpines[obs3]; decapitation, decollation[obs3]; garrotte, garrotto[It]; crucifixion, impalement; firing squad; martyrdom; auto-da-fe[Fr]; noyade[obs3]; happy dispatch. [suicide as punishment] hara-kiri, seppuku [Japanese]; drinking the hemlock. V. punish; chastise, chasten; castigate, correct, inflict punishment, administer correction, deal retributive justice; cowhide, lambaste*. visit upon, pay; pay out, serve out; do for; make short work of, give a lesson to, serve one right, make an example of; have a rod in pickle for; give it one. strike &c. 276; deal a blow to, administer the lash, smite; slap, slap the face; smack, cuff, box the ears, spank, thwack, thump, beat, lay on, swinge[obs3], buffet; thresh, thrash, pummel, drub, leather, trounce, sandbag, baste, belabor; lace, lace one's jacket; dress, dress down, give a dressing, trim, warm, wipe, tund[obs3], cob, bang, strap, comb, lash, lick, larrup, wallop, whop, flog, scourge, whip, birch, cane, give the stick, switch, flagellate, horsewhip, bastinado, towel, rub down with an oaken towel, rib roast, dust one's jacket, fustigate[obs3], pitch into, lay about one, beat black and blue; beat to a mummy, beat to a jelly; give a black eye. tar and feather; pelt, stone, lapidate[obs3]; masthead, keelhaul. execute; bring to the block, bring to the gallows; behead, decapitate, guillotine; decollate; hang, turn off, gibbet, bowstring, hang draw and quarter; shoot; decimate; burn; break on the wheel, crucify; empale[obs3], impale; flay; lynch; electrocute; gas, send to the gas chamber. torture; put on, put to the rack; picket. banish, exile, transport, expel, ostracize; rusticate; drum out; dismiss, disbar, disbench[obs3]; strike off the roll, unfrock; post. suffer, suffer for, suffer punishment; be flogged. be executed, suffer the ultimate penalty; be hanged &c., come to the gallows, mount the gallows, swing [coll.], twist in the wind, dance upon nothing, die in one's shoes; be rightly served; be electrocuted, fry [coll.], ride the lightning [coll.]; face the firing squad. Adj. punishing &c. v.; penal; punitory[obs3], punitive; inflictive, castigatory; punished &c.v. Int. a la lanterne[Fr]! Phr. culpan paena premit comes [Lat][Horace]; "eating the bitter bread of banishment" [Richard II]; gravis ira regum est semper [Lat][Seneca]; sera tamen tacitis paena venit pedibus [Lat][Tibullus]; suo sibi gladio hunc jugulo [Lat][Terence]. #973. Reward.—N. reward, recompense, remuneration, meed, # guerdon[obs3], reguerdon|; price. [payment for damage or debt] indemnity, indemnification; quittance; compensation; reparation, redress, satisfaction; reckoning, acknowledgment, requital, amends, sop; atonement, retribution; consideration, return, quid pro quo. salvage, perquisite; vail &c. (donation) 784[obs3]. douceur[Fr], bribe; hush money, smart money|!; blackmail, extortion; carcelage|; solatium[obs3]. allowance, salary, stipend, wages, compensation; pay, payment; emolument; tribute; batta[obs3], shot, scot; bonus, premium, tip; fee, honorarium; hire; dasturi[obs3], dustoori[obs3]; mileage. crown &c. (decoration of honor) 877. V. reward, recompense, repay, requite; remunerate, munerate[obs3]; compensate; fee; pay one's footing &c. (pay) 807; make amends, indemnify, atone; satisfy, acknowledge. get for one's pains, reap the fruits of. tip. Adj. remunerative, remuneratory; munerary[obs3], compensatory, retributive, reparatory[obs3]; rewarding; satisfactory. Phr. fideli certa merces[Lat]; honor virtutis praemium [Lat][Cicero]; tibi seris tibi metis[Lat]. #974. Penalty.—N. penalty; retribution &c. (punishment) 972; pain, pains and penalties; weregild[obs3], wergild; peine forte et dure[Fr]; penance &c. (atonement) 952; the devil to pay. fine, mulct, amercement; forfeit, forfeiture; escheat[Law], damages, deodand[obs3], sequestration, confiscation, premunire[Lat]; doomage [obs3][U.S.]. V. fine, mulct, amerce, sconce, confiscate; sequestrate, sequester; escheat[Law]; estreat[obs3], forfeit. #975. [Instrument of punishment.] Scourge.—N. scourge, rod, cane, stick; ratan[obs3], rattan; birch, birch rod; azote[obs3], blacksnake[obs3], bullwhack [obs3][U.S.], chicote[obs3], kurbash[obs3], quirt, rawhide, sjambok[obs3]; rod in pickle; switch, ferule, cudgel, truncheon. whip, bullwhip, lash, strap, thong, cowhide, knout; cat, cat o'nine tails; rope's end. pillory, stocks, whipping post; cucking stool[obs3], ducking stool; brank[obs3]; trebuchet[obs3], trebuket[obs3]. triangle[instruments of torture: list], wooden horse, iron maiden, thumbscrew, boot, rack, wheel, iron heel; chinese water torture. treadmill, crank, galleys. scaffold; block, ax, guillotine; stake; cross; gallows, gibbet, tree, drop, noose, rope, halter, bowstring; death chair, electric chair; gas chamber; lethal injection; firing squad; mecate[obs3]. house of correction &c. (prison) 752. goaler, jailer; executioner; electrocutioner[obs3]; lyncher; hangman; headsman[obs3]; Jack Ketch. SECTION V. RELIGIOUS AFFECTIONS