2212. It is 1.48 meters high from lower edge of base to the right hand

(Jones). [1359] B. B., no. 566; von Mach, 64; Gardner, _Sculpt._, PI. XI; Gardiner, p. 96, fig. 13 (from a copy of the Munich cast in the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford). [1360] Pl. no. 97; _cf._ Gardner, _Sculpt._, Pl. XII, and Furtw.-Urlichs, _Denkmaeler_, Pl. XXXIII. [1361] _Philopseudes_, 18; _S. Q._, §544; translation of H. Stuart Jones, _Select Passages from Ancient Writers Illustrative of the History of Greek Sculpture_, p. 69. [1362] For the late Roman one in the Munich Antiquarium, see B. B., text to Pl. 567, fig. 1; F. W., 453; for the one in Arolsen, see F. W., 1786. [1363] _B. M. Gems_, no. 742, Pl. G; also given in _B. M. Sculpt._, I, p. 91, fig. 5. [1364] _Inst. orat._, II, 13.10: _Quid tam distortum et elaboratum quam est ille discobolos Myronis? si quis tamen, ut parum rectum, improbet opus, nonne ab intellectu artis abfuerit, in qua vel praecipue laudabilis est ipsa illa novitas ac difficultas?_ [1365] Translation by G. F. Hill, in his _One Hundred Masterpieces of Sculpture from the Sixth Century B. C. to the Time of Michelangelo_, 1909, p. 10. [1366] Enumerated above in Ch. III (Attic Sculptors), p. 129, n. 7. The Spartan Lykinos had two statues: P., VI, 2.1. As he won in both the hoplite-race and chariot-race, Foerster, 211 a, assumed that the two statues represented victor and charioteer, and that they stood upon the quadriga, which Pausanias does not mention. I follow Robert, _O. S._, p. 172, however, in assuming that the two statues represented the victor in the two events. [1367] _H. N._, XXXIV, 57. [1368] VI, 8.5; Hyde, 79 (Arkadian) and 79a (Philippos), and commentary on pp. 39 f. [1369] The interpretation of Murray, _Class. Rev._, I, 1887, pp. 3-4. [1370] The emendation of Loeschke, _Dorpaterprogr._, 1880, p. 9; accepted by Reisch, p. 44, n. 3, Richardson, p. 151, and others. [1371] _Der Dornauszieher und der Knabe mit der Gans_, 1876, p. 89, n. 30. [1372] Quoted by Jex-Blake, Add. to p. 46, 1. [1373] _Select Passages from Anc. Writers Illustrative of the History of Gk. Sculpt._, p. 66. [1374] Mayer, in _A. M._, XVI, 1891, pp. 246 f., showed that on vase-paintings of Myron’s time and on coins of Elaia, Aeolis, a woman is often represented as standing in the chest, while two men, Perseus and the carpenter, stand beside it. [1375] _E. g._, the statue of the boy boxer Athenaios of Ephesos was represented in motion, _i. e._, in the act of sparring, as we see from the footprints on the recovered base: _Inschr. v. Ol._, 168; he won some time between Ols. (?) 93 and 103 (= 384 and 368 B. C.): P., VI, 4.1; Hyde, 36; Foerster, 419. [1376] See Grenfell and Hunt, _Oxyrhynchus Papyrus_, II, 1899, pp. 222 f.; Robert, _O. S._, Beilage, opp. p. 192; Diels, _Hermes_, XXXVI, 1901, pp. 72 f.; Koerte, _ibid._, XXXIX, 1904, pp. 224 f.; Weniger, _Klio_ (_Beitraege zur alten Gesch._), IV, pp. 125 f.; V, pp. 1 f. and 184 f. [1377] Late inscriptions mention “Pythian” and “Isthmian boys”: see F. M. Mie, _Quaestiones agonisticae ad Olympia pertinentes_, Diss. inaug., 1888, p. 48; Dittenberger, _Sylloge_,^2 II, nos. 677-8; the ἀγένειοι and ἄνδρες at Nemea are mentioned by Pindar, _Ol._, VIII, 54. The boys in these contests were probably aged 12-16, the ἀγένειοι, 16-20 (_cf._ Roberts-Gardner, _Greek Epigraphy_, II, p. 166), and the men over 20 years old. [1378] For Olympia, see P., VI, 2.10; 6.1; 14.1-2; etc. [1379] _C. I. G._, I, 1590. [1380] Dittenberger, _op. cit._, II, no. 524: ἐφήβων νεωτέρων, μέσων, πρεσβυτέρων. [1381] _I. G._, II, 444. For the _Panathenaia_, see Suidas, _s. v._ Παναθήναια; Mommsen, _Heortologie_, 1864, p. 141; etc. [1382] P., V, 16.2. [1383] _De Leg._, VIII, 833 C, D. [1384] _C. I. G._, inscriptions relating to ephebes, _e. g._, I, 232; 1590; Dittenberger, _de Ephebis atticis_, 1863, p. 24; Dumont, _Essai sur l’Ephébie attique_, 1876, pp. 215-16. This classification is followed by E. Pottier, _B. C. H._, V, 1881, p. 69. [1385] Bussemaker, in Dar.-Sagl., I, Pt. 1, _s. v._ _athleta_, p. 517 (also quoted by Pottier), proposed the division into παῖδες, 12-16 years old, ἀγένειοι, 16-20, and ἄνδρες, from 20 on. Pollux, VIII, 105, and Harpokration, _s. v._ ἐπιδιετές, give the ephebe age as 18-20; Xen., _Cyr._, 1, 2.8, puts the age at 16 or 17 for the Persians. [1386] See _Inschr. v. Ol._, 56. On the whole subject, see Krause, pp. 262 f., especially p. 263, n. 3; Gardiner, pp. 271-2. [1387] VI, 1.3 to VI, 18.7. We also know of 61 other victors with 63 monuments from inscribed base fragments recovered at Olympia; these will be treated _infra_ in Ch. VIII, pp. 353 f. [1388] See Ch. VIII, _infra_, p. 339 and notes 3-4. [1389] On _Ol._, IX, 150, Boeckh, p. 228; _cf._ _Etym. magn._, _s. v._ στάδιον, p. 743, 25. [1390] Thus Apollo beat Hermes in running at Olympia, P., V, 7.10; the Idæan Herakles instituted a race among his brothers, P., V, 7.7; and Endymion set his sons to run, and so instituted the boys’ running race there, P., V, 1.4. The running race appears in the Boread legend, Ph.,3; pseudo-Dio Chrysost., XXXVII, p. 296 (Dindorf); it was represented on the Kypselos chest: P., V, 17.10, and appears on many archaic vases. On the age of the event, see Grasberger, _Erziehung und Unterricht_, I, 1864, p. 310 and III, 1881, p. 199. The Cretans and the Lacedæmonians sacrificed to Apollo δρομαῖος: Plut., _Quaest. conviv._, VIII, 4.4. [1391] See Ph., 3, for the four running races; _cf._, Plato, _de Leg._, 833 A, B. [1392] Iliad, XXIII, 740 f.; Od., VIII, 120 f. (in l. 121 it is called δρόμος). In some historic games, the stade-race remained the only event; _e. g._, at the _Hermaia_ on Salamis: _C. I. G._, I, 108. For the stade-race, see P., I, 44.1; III, 14.3; IV, 4.5, etc. On its origin, see Ph., 5. [1393] Schol. on Aristoph., _Aves_, 292 (ed. J. W. White, 1914); P., V, 8.6. On its origin, see Ph., 6 and _cf._ Krause, pp. 345 f. [1394] Ch. 4. [1395] Suidas, _s. v._ δόλιχος; schol. on Aristophanes, _Aves_, 292 (= seven stadia); Boeckh, _C. I. G._, I, no. 1515, p. 703 (= ordinarily seven stadia); schol. on Soph., _Electra_, 691. See Krause, I, p. 348, n. 13; Grasberger, _op. cit._, I, pp. 312 f. [1396] Poll., III, 151; schol. on Aristoph., _Acharn._, 214; etc. [1397] P., _passim_; _Oxy. Pap._; etc. [1398] Ph., 7. For two theories of its origin, see _ibid._ [1399] P., X, 7.5; Krause, _Die Pythien, Nemeen, und Isthmien_, pp. 136 f. [1400] _Cf._ Plato, _de Leg._, I, p. 625 E. Thus the Cretans Ergoteles and Sotades won the distance race twice each; Ergoteles in Ols. 77 and 79 (= 472 and 464 B. C.): P., VI, 4.11; _Oxy. Pap._; Hyde, 46; Foerster, 206, 213; Sotades in Ols. 99, 100 (= 384, 380 B. C.): P., VI, 18.6; Hyde, 186; Foerster, 317, 323. The Cretan Philonides, courier of Alexander the Great, had an honor statue at Olympia: P., VI, 16.5; Hyde, 154a. At the games at Trapezous over sixty Cretans entered: Xen., _Anab._, IV, 8, 27; _cf._ Krause, pp. 352 f. [1401] _De Leg._, VIII, 833 C. [1402] V, 16.3. [1403] V, 8.6; _cf._ IV, 4.5; VIII, 26.4. His statement about the antiquity of the event is corroborated by Plutarch, _Quaest. conviv._, V, 2.12, Ph. (= only event until Ol. 14), and Eusebios, _Chronika_, I, p. 193 (ed. Schoene). Gardiner, p. 52, believes that if the Olympic games developed from a single event, it was probably not from the stade-race, but from either the fight in armor or the chariot-race. [1404] P., V, 8.6, etc.; Foerster, 1. [1405] Discussed by Gardiner, pp. 52 and 272-3. [1406] III, 8 (= Dorieus of Rhodes, who won his second victory in Ol. 88 (= 428 B. C.): P., VI, 7.1; Hyde, 61; Foerster, 260); V, 49 (= Androsthenes of Mainalos, who won his first victory in Ol. 90, = 420 B. C.: P., VI, 6.1; Hyde, 51; Foerster, 267). [1407] Dittenberger, _Sylloge_^2, I, no. 256 (= Agesidamos of Messenia, who won in Ol. 140, = 220 B. C.). [1408] V, 8.6; confirmed by Ph., 12, and Eusebios, _Chron._, I, p. 193 (ed. Schoene). [1409] _L. c._; corroborated by Ph., 12. [1410] P., V, 8.9; Eusebios agrees with Pausanias, but Philostratos says Ol. 46 (= 596 B. C.), _l. c._ [1411] P., V, 8.10; _cf._ III, 14.3. It was introduced at Delphi in 498 B. C.: see Gardiner, p. 70. [1412] On running races, see Krause, I, pp. 337 f.; Gardiner, Ch. XIII, pp. 270 f.; Dar.-Sagl., I, Pt. 2, pp. 1643 f.; Grasberger, _Erziehung und Unterricht_, I, pp. 312 f.; etc. [1413] Fig. 37 left = _Mon. d. I._, I, 1829-33, Pl. XXII, 6b; _cf. ibid._, 4b, and X, 1874-78, Pl. XLVIII, f, and Panathenaic amphora in Dar.-Sagl., I, Pt. 2, p. 1643, fig. 2229. Fig. 36A = Gerhard, IV, Pl. CCLIX, 1. Also _cf._ a sixth-century B. C. amphora in Munich, no. 498: _Mon. d. I._, X, Pl. XLVIII, m; Gardiner, p. 281, fig. 52; Perrot-Chipiez, X, p. 129, fig. 92 (right); a fourth-century Panathenaic amphora: Gardiner, p. 283, fig. 53, from Stephani, _Comptes rendus de la comm. impér. archéol._, St. Petersburg, 1876, Atlas, Pl. I. [1414] Ph., 32: οἷον πτερούμενοι ὑπο τῶν χειρῶν. [1415] The first = _B. M. Vases_, B 609; Gardiner, p. 280, fig. 51; _Mon. d. I._, X, 1874-78, Pl. XLVIII, e, 4; G. F. Hill, _Illustrations of School Classics_, 1903, fig. 390; the second (Fig. 37, right) = _Mon. d. I._, I, 1829-33, Pl. XXII, 7b; Gardiner, p. 279, fig. 50; Dar.-Sagl., p. 1644, fig. 2230. _Cf._ another in _Mon. d. I._, X, Pl. XLVIII, f, 6. [1416] National Museum, no. 761. [1417] _Cf._ Reisch, p. 46. [1418] On this mode of representing runners, see Schmidt in _Muenchener archaeol. Studien zum Andenken A. Furtwaengler dargebracht_, 1909, pp. 249 f. (especially p. 257). [1419] See Kalkmann, _Jb._, X, 1895, pp. 56 f, and fig. 4, p. 56 (= Gerhard, IV, 256; Murray, _Designs from Greek Vases_, V, 18) two runners; the interior of the same vase also represents such a runner: p. 61, fig. 7. _Cf._ also p. 58, fig. 5 (= Murray, X, 37; _Mon. d. I._, IV, 1844-48, Pl. XXXIII), representing Hermes on a r.-f. vase of the severe style; also p. 59, fig. 6; etc. Also _cf._ Juethner, p. 41, fig. 36a (a later r.-f. kylix in Munich, no. 803 A), showing a pentathlete running with an _akontion_. The following b.-f. vases, which show representations of such archaic runners, are taken from Perrot-Chipiez, X, 1914: the proto-Attic amphora of Nettos, p. 71, fig. 63 (= _Ant. Denkm._, I, Text, p. 46); cup from Aegina, p. 77, fig. 68 (= _A. Z._, XL, 1882, Pl. IX); Corinthian amphora, p. 103, fig. 74 (= Pottier, _Vases antiques_, Pl. LIX, E 855); the Gorgon on the François Vase, p. 165, fig. 108 (from Furtw.-Reichhold, _Griech. Vasenmalerei_, Pls. I-III); on neck of an amphora by Pamphaios in the Louvre, p. 388, fig. 233 (= Pottier, _op. cit._, Pl. LXXXVIII). [1420] Discussed (wrongly, I think, as Etruscan) by G. H. Chase: _A. J. A._, XII, 1908, pp. 287 f., Pls. VIII-XVIII (especially XII-XVIII); Pl. XV = Richardson, p. 69, fig. 27. [1421] Richter, _Greek, Etruscan, and Roman Bronzes_, no. 46, fig. on p. 30; _Museum Bull._, 1911 (April), pp. 92 f., and fig. 5 (Richter); it is 4-5/8 inches tall. [1422] No. 1959. It will be discussed in our treatment of hoplitodromes _infra_, p. 209 and n. 2. [1423] Richter, no. 16, fig. on p. 10; _Mus. Bull._, 1909 (May), p. 78 (Robinson); it is 2-7/8 inches tall. [1424] Richter, no. 62, fig. on p. 43; Mus. Bull., 1913 (Dec.), pp. 268 f. and fig. 7 (Richter); it is 3-1/16 inches tall. [1425] _Op. cit._, pp. 65 and 74. [1426] _Aegina, das Heiligtum der Aphaia_, Pl. XCVI, nos. 32 and 3; in the Glyptothek these are nos. 78 and 82; see von Mach, Pl. 78 (middle). [1427] The Lapith G and the boy P: Treu, _Jb._, III, 1888, pp. 117 f., Pl. V (= Q and F in the new arrangement on Pl. VI); Kalkmann, _op. cit._, p. 75. [1428] Bulle, 180; it is 0.79 meter high. [1429] _Ant. Denkm._, I, Pt. 5, 1890, Pl. LVI (text, pp. 45-46, by Winter); B. B., no. 249; Bulle, 92 (two views) and 93; von Mach, 226; Helbig, _Fuehrer_, II, no. 1353; _Guide_, 1063; Collignon, II, p. 361, fig. 184; Gardiner, _Sculpt._, Pl. LXXIII; Reinach, _Rép._, II, 2, 419,