Olympic Victor Monuments and Greek Athletic Art by Walter Woodburn Hyde
26. For the scholiast, see Boeckh, p. 158; and _F. H. G._, II, p. 183
1312 words | Chapter 187
(= Aristotle, fragm. 264), IV., p. 307 (= Apollas, fragm. 7).
[428] Pollux, _Onomastikon_, II, 158, says that the cubit (πῆχυς)
contains 24 δάκτυλοι or 6 παλασταί; it was therefore 18.25 inches and
the finger 0.7 inch long. The Solonian cubit of 444 mm. gives 17.53
inches, the finger .73 inch, which makes Diagoros’ statue 6 feet 1.75
inches tall.Though the cubit was later lengthened to about 2 feet,
the old size was retained for measuring wood and stone: _cf._ Boeckh,
_Metrologische Untersuchungen_, 1838, p. 212.
[429] Scherer, p. 11, gave its height as 6 feet and 5 inches.
[430] Diagoras won in Ol. 79 (= 464 B. C.): P., VI, 7.1; Hyde, 59;
Foerster, 220; _cf._ _Inschr. v. Ol._, 151 (renewed); Damagetos in Ols.
82-3 (= 452-448 B. C.): _Oxy. Pap._; P., VI, 7.1; Hyde, 62; Foerster,
253; _cf._ _Inschr. v. Ol._, 152.
[431] _Inschr. v. Ol._, 165 (renewed); he won Ol. 82 (= 452 B. C.):
_Oxy. Pap._; P., VI, 13.6; Hyde, 115; Foerster, 376.
[432] _E. g._, _Inschr. v. Ol._, nos. 147-8, Tellon, who won the boys’
boxing match in Ol. 77 (= 472 B. C.): _Oxy. Pap._; P., VI, 10.9; Hyde,
102; Foerster, 237; _ibid._, 155 (renewed), Hellanikos, boy boxer, who
won in Ol. 89 (= 424 B. C.): P., VI, 7.8; Hyde, 65; Foerster, 263;
_ibid._, 158, boxer Damoxenidas, who won some time between Ols. 95
and 100 (= 400 and 380 B. C.): P., VI, 6.3; Hyde, 54; Foerster, 319;
_ibid._, 164, Xenokles, boy wrestler, who won some time between Ols.
(?) 94 and 100 (= 404 and 380 B. C.): P., VI, 9.2; Hyde, 85; Foerster,
308; _ibid._, 177, Telemachos, chariot victor some time between Ols.
(?) 115 and 130 (= 320 and 260 B. C.): P., VI, 13.11; Hyde, 122;
Foerster, 513.
[433] _E. g._, _Inschr. v. Ol._, 182, Thrasonides, who won κέλητι
πωλικῷ in the third century B. C.
[434] Furtw., _Mp._, p. 246, fig. 99; _Mw._, p. 447, fig. 69. See p.
155.
[435] See Chapter VI., _infra_, p. 295.
[436] _H. N._, XXXIV, 65.
[437] _Supra_, p. 28 and n. 1; _Bildw. v. Ol._, Textbd., pp. 216
f.; Tafelbd., Pl. LVI, 2-4; _cf._ Furtwaengler, _50stes Berl.
Winckelmannsprogr._, 1890, pp. 147 f.; _cf._ _infra_, Ch. VII, pp.
324-5, _c. d. e._
[438] _Bildw. v. Ol._, Textbd., pp. 29 f; Tafelbd., Pl. VI, 1-4, 9-10;
_cf._ _infra_, pp. 162-3.
[439] See _Inschr. v. Ol._, pp. 234-5; _Bronz. v. Ol._, Textbd., pp.
10-12; _cf._ _infra_, p. 322 and notes 1-7.
[440] _Bronz. v. Ol._, Textbd., pp. 10-11; Tafelbd., Pl. II, 2, 2_a_;
F. W., no. 323; etc.
[441] _Bronz. v. Ol._, Textbd., p. 12; Tafelbd., Pl. IV, 5, 5a; F. W.,
325.
[442] Furtw.-Urlichs, _Denkmaeler_, p. 104. On nudity and athletics,
see the article by Furtwaengler, Die Bedeutung der Gymnastik in der
griech. Kunst, in _Saemann’s Monatschr. fuer paedagog. Reform._, 1905;
W. Mueller, _Nacktheit und Entbloessung in der alt-orient. und aelteren
griech. Kunst_, Diss. inaug., Leipsic, 1906.
[443] The boxer Euryalos “first put a cincture (ζῶμα) about him,” in
his bout with Epeios: Iliad, XXIII, 683. See also XXIII, 710; Od.,
XVIII, 67 and 76.
[444] _E. g._, wrestlers on a black-figured amphora in the Vatican:
_J. H. S._, XXV, 1905, p. 288, fig. 24; boxers, runners, and a jumper
on a b.-f. stamnos in the Bibliothèque Nationale at Paris (no. 252):
Gardiner, p. 418, fig. 142, from de Ridder, _Cat. des vases peints_, I,
p. 160.
[445] _H. N._, XXXIV, 18.
[446] Ph., 17. This mantle was called τρίβων—the “worn,” hence was thin
and coarse; Hermann-Bluemner, _Griech. Privatalt._, p. 175; etc.
[447] P., I, 44.1; Eustath., on Iliad, XXIII, 683, p. 1324, 12 f.
Dionys. Hal., _Antiq. Rom._, VII, 72, says that it was the Spartan
Akanthos, who won in a running race, _i. e._, δόλιχος, in Ol. 16; so
also Afr.; see P., V, 8.6; Foerster, 17. Orsippos won the stade-race
in Ol. 15: Afr.; Eustath., _l. c._; Dionys., _l. c._ Foerster, 16. But
Didymos, schol. on Iliad, XXIII, 683, says that Orsippos won in Ol.
32 (= 652 B. C.); similarly _Etym. magn._, p. 242, _s. v._ γυμνάσια;
however, Boeckh, _Kleine Schriften_, IV, p. 173, has shown that Ol.
15 is right. Isidoros, in a confused passage, _Orig._, XVIII, 17.2,
says that athletes were early girded and dropped the loin-cloth in
consequence of a runner getting weary, whence a decree of the time of
the archon Hippomenes at Athens (Ol. 14.2) allowed athletes to contend
nude; the same story is told in the _Schol. Venet._ on the Iliad,
XXIII, 683; see Foerster, 16.
[448] _A. G._, App. 272; Cougny, _Anth. Pal._, 1890, III (_App. nov._),
p. 4, no. 24; P., I, 44.1, says that his tomb was near that of Koroibos.
[449] _C. I. G._, I, 1050 (with Boeckh’s commentary on the loin-cloth);
_C. I. G. G. S._, 52; Kaibel, _Epigr. Gr., ex lapid. conl._, 1878, no.
843; Frazer, II, p. 538. The schol. on Thukyd., I, 6, quotes four lines
of it. The name was spelled Orrippos in the Megarian dialect.
[450] Ph., 17. The story is told also by P., V, 6.7-8. Peisirhodos won
in Ol. (?) 88 (= 428 B. C.): P., VI, 7.2; Hyde, 63; Foerster, 314.
This brings the change near the end of the fifth century B. C. For the
spelling of the name of the victor, see Foerster, _l. c._
[451] I. 6. Here the historian is speaking of athletes in general;
Dionysios, VII, 72 and P., I, 44.1, speak only of runners.
Scherer, p. 20, n. 1 (following Krause, I, pp. 405 and 501, n. 18)
thought that the words of Thukydides (τὸ δὲ πάλαι) referred to the
time antedating Ol. 15, and not later, and concluded that in wrestling
(introduced in Ol. 18 = 708 B. C.) and boxing (introduced in Ol. 23 =
688 B. C.) the contestants were always nude. Boeckh, however, rightly
concluded that the historian meant that in Ol. 15 only the runners laid
off the loin-cloth, while other athletes did so just before his day:
_C. I. G._, I, p. 554.
[452] _De Rep._, 452 D. He says that the custom of nudity was
introduced first by the Cretans and then by the Spartans.
[453] Thus von Mach says (p. 240): “They were dedicatory statues
representing events that had taken place in honor of the gods,” and
adds that on such occasions persons were draped, except where such
drapery would cause inconvenience, _i. e._, in gymnastic contests.
[454] See Gardiner, p. 465, fig. 172.
[455] _E. g._, the statue in the Palazzo dei Conservatori, Rome:
Helbig, _Fuehrer_, II, no. 973 (fig. 29, p. 557, restored); _Guide_,
597 (fig. 28); Joubin, p. 134, fig. 40; Reinach, _Rép._, II, 2, 536.6;
_B. Com. Rom._, XVI, 1888, Pls. XV, XVI, 1, 2, (two views) and XVIII
(restored), pp. 335-365 (G. Ghirardini).
[456] Pollux, III, 155, wrongly states that runners wore soft leathern
boots (ἐνδρομίδες); these never appear on vases, as Krause, I, p. 362
and n. 5, and Gardiner, p. 273, point out, and were the usual footwear
of messengers. _Cf._ Mueller, _Arch. d. Kunst_, §363, 6.
[457] At Ephesos in Thukydides’ day: III, 104; earlier on Delos:
Thukyd., _ibid._, and Homeric Hymn to the Delian Apollo, 146 f. Maidens
and youths wrestled in the gymnasia on Chios: Athenæus, XIII, 20 (p.
566 e.); _cf._ Boeckh, _C. I. G._, II, text to no. 2214.
[458] On athletic contests for women in Sparta, see Plutarch,
_Lykourgos_, 14; Xen., _de Rep. lac._, I, 4. Aristoph., _Lysistr._, 80
f., says that the beauty and color of the Lakonian woman Lampito came
from gymnastic exercises.
[459] P., V, 6.7. He says that those who broke the Elean rule were
thrown from Mount Typaion (a rock south of the river). Their exclusion
was doubtless due to a religious taboo and not to modesty; Gardiner, p.
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