5. Hit your return.

Please note that at least on my Kaypro II the =Control-B= command doesn’t work. This may have been due simply to my machine’s quirks. Again, don’t forget that MODEM7’s successors operate somewhat differently and may use a command such as =SET= or =TIM= to set up the baud selection. And remember, too, that the old MODEM7’s baud command won’t control the speed of your modem (although some modems will automatically pick up the baud rate of the one at the other end). Thanks to Jon Albers, Eric Meyer, Rick Nelson, and Pat Ehresmann for checking the accuracy and clarity of the above instructions. Blame me, however, if anything’s wrong. My instructions are a simplification of: =CP/M MODEM PROGRAM DOCUMENTATION by Mark M. Zeiger and James K. Mills 11/04/80= The MODEM7-styles programs have their origins in the work of Ward Christensen, an IBM employee and public-spirited computer hobbyist. ■ ■ ■ A MODEM7 Cheat Sheet Snip this out! It’s a handy summary of commands for the free MODEM7 program. ◾ _TO MAKE MODEM7 APPEAR ON YOUR COMPUTER SCREEN_: Type MODEM7 from the A> prompt and hit your carriage return. You’ll end up in the program’s main menu. Or if you’re using a new program, you might instead see a screen telling how to reach the menu. ◾ _TO USE THE TELETYPE-LIKE TERMINAL MODE_: Tap the letter =T= and a carriage return after the main menu appears. You can use this mode with The Source, MCI Mail, and other on-line services. ◾ _TO USE THE ECHO MODE_: Type =E= and the return. For Teletype-like use when the other machine is in “Terminal.” ◾ _TO GO FROM ONE MODE TO ANOTHER_: Use =Control-E=. This gearshift mode returns you to the main menu. ◾ _TO SEND MATERIAL ON YOUR DISK WITHOUT THE WARD CHRISTENSEN ERROR-CHECKING PROTOCOL_: Type =Control-T= after you’re in the terminal mode. Give the name of the file to transmit. Here, as in other cases, precede the name by =B:= (no space after the :) if the file is on Drive B. Hit your carriage return. ◾ _TO RECEIVE MATERIAL WITHOUT A PROTOCOL_: After typing the usual =T= in the terminal mode, you skip a space. Then specify the name of the file where you’ll collect the received data. Now hit your return several times. Use =Control-Y= to tell your computer to start saving material; also use it to turn off the save feature. (On newer versions of MODEM7, =Control-R= might be the off switch.) _IMPORTANT_: After you’ve finished talking to the other machine, you must return to the main menu and type =WRT= and return. Otherwise your computer won’t save the material on the disk. ◾ _TO SEND TO SOMEONE WITH A MODEM7-STYLE PROTOCOL_: Type =S=, skip a space, then type the name of the file that you’ll send—with the =B:= before it if necessary. Hit the carriage return. ◾ _TO RECEIVE FROM SOMEONE WITH A MODEM7-STYLE PROTOCOL_: Type =R=. Skip a space. Then type the name of the file where the material will show up, using =B:= if needed. Hit the return. ◾ _TO RETURN TO THE A> PROMPT_: From MODEM7’s main menu, type =CPM= if you’re using a CP/M version like the Kaypro one. (The IBM version substitutes =DOS= for =CPM=.) Hit your return. ■ ■ ■ BACKUP XIII ❑ Why Not an Electronic Peace Corps? In a Chicago suburb a $50,000-a-year engineer spends countless hours twiddling with his new IBM PC. The technology engrosses him, but he lacks a sense of purpose. In Southeast Asia, meanwhile, a young man wrestles with calculations needed to build an irrigation dam. He thinks his figures are correct but isn’t certain, and thousands of people will die if the dam collapses. Can the Chicago engineer somehow help his counterpart abroad? There is a way if politicians for once will appeal to the better instincts of technicians. An Electronic Peace Corps (EPC) could bring these two together and offer the Third World some of the best international technical expertise via computer networks. Useful computers sell for around a thousand dollars, and much better, cheaper, smaller computers are on the way. What’s more, thanks to satellites, international communications prices are falling; and 1,000-word messages anywhere in the world, via special packet-switching networks, could cost just $1 each. So the EPC needn’t threaten the taxpayers with a major burden. By essentially exporting knowledge instead of people, it in fact would increase the impact of economic-aid dollars. The EPC could emphasize basics like public health, agriculture, transportation, construction, manufacturing, and communications. In carrying out the idea, a government or international agency might keep computer files listing: ● The skills and information required in specific underdeveloped countries. ● People abroad who needed help. ● Those who might be able to offer it. Most of the corpsmen wouldn’t even be computer experts—just people with the right technical knowhow. Some might be ex-Peace Corpsmen. Others might receive special cultural indoctrination similar to traditional Peace Corps training. Once in the EPC, the corpsmen might regularly correspond via E-Mail at nights and on weekends or on occasion “talk” instantly to Third World counterparts. Of course, not every Third World beneficiary might use a micro. Some might submit written questions that local Peace Corps offices could pass on electronically (one way to mitigate the language problem). E-Mail, incidentally, needn’t be the only form of computer communications available through the EPC. The organization could offer electronic bulletin boards with the names of people either needing or offering information on subjects like biological pest control or solar power. That way, the EPC’s beneficiaries would feel as if they had more of a choice. In addition, there might be ongoing computer conferences on topics of common concern. Obviously, the EPC wouldn’t replace foreign-aid experts in the field, and it wouldn’t aid people _directly_ at the village level. It wouldn’t hand out lap-sized portables to barefoot farmers. Rather, the EPC would help engineers, doctors, scientists, and other people engaged in development in their own countries. Corpsmen in the field would work with local governments to make certain, for instance, that a New Delhi slumlord didn’t use the EPC to automate his dunning operation. Typical EPC beneficiaries might be Indians trying to set up a more efficient grain-storage network, millions of Third World people are starving because the food goes to the wrong places. Sometimes, incidentally, the “wrong places” include the warehouses of thieves, and computerized records could reduce the opportunities for corruption. Many problems are political or economic, of course. The EPC would limit itself to technical issues and try to be as apolitical as possible, just as the international Red Cross focuses on relief rather than ideology. Another EPC beneficiary might be a communications specialist hoping to install a satellite link; for obvious reasons, better communications might be one of the EPC’s first priorities. The EPC might help domestic and foreign groups working toward this goal. Even countries with poor phone lines, of course, can receive some computer messages in the large cities. Yet other beneficiaries could include: ● Colombian doctors who wanted to fight an epidemic with the latest information sped over the computer lines. ● A civil engineer in Peru working on a road or bridge for isolated villagers who hoped to sell food to cities. ● A rural-assistance administrator in Kenya. Micros could help his staffers keep abreast of the newest, best way to dig a well or treat a dysentery-stricken baby. The EPC wouldn’t just promote the flow of information from countries like the United States to the so-called lesser-developed countries. _Among_ them, too, it would speed up the spread of practical solutions to common problems. Learning of an efficacious home remedy, for example, a rural-assistance group in Ecuador might pass the information on for possible global dissemination. It just might save the life of a child in Peru. By keeping track of the better home remedies in the Third World, in fact, an American drug researcher might discover something that checked out scientifically—as has happened in the past. Some Third World countries or groups of them might want to start their own EPCs. Rather than preempting these efforts, an American or international EPC could aid them, thereby multiplying the benefits of the original organization and forestalling fears of electronic imperialism. The EPC could have a domestic version, too. Because of lower communications cost, the Home Corps (a friend’s phrase) might take more chances helping nonexperts without credentials. A gifted high school writer on Chicago’s South Side might tap out short stories on a school computer, for example, and a famous author across town might zip the files back, with comments easily inserted electronically. The two might meet a few times in person, then carry on via computer without the hassles and menace of urban travel. Likewise, an Evanston business executive might volunteer help to a businesswoman in a small town many miles away. The most urgent need for EPC-style assistance, however, is in the Third World, where, because of technical backwardness, so many are starving. The idea isn’t so farfetched. In fact the Third World is already enjoying some similar help in a small way. The CARINET computer network links the United States, the Caribbean, Southeast Asia, and Africa. Long before harvest time a Jamaican farmer can learn how promising a market there’ll be for his crop in the United States—or an African potter can find out how to make a ceramic insulator for his local phone company. Jerome Glenn, an official with Partnership for Productivity International, the Washington-based group behind CARINET, says the answers often come in just a day. “Mail takes too long and Telex is too expensive,” notes another Peace Corps alumnus, now heading a nutrition group that works to export U.S. technical savvy through more conventional means. Many foreign aid and computer experts have similar feelings. The technicians, sure enough, are far ahead of the politicians. One of the most distinguished technicians of them all—Arthur C. Clarke, the father of the communications satellites—describes the EPC proposal as “an excellent idea.” Reaction from Third World countries has been favorable. Naren Chitty, a Sri Lankan diplomat, says the concept is “a positive approach to technology transfer” in “these days when ‘electronic imperialism’ is a catchword.” And a Saudi Arabian communications specialist likewise advocates computer and networks for the Third World. He says: “I had a terrible argument with this Indian man who said, ‘My people are starving to death, and you talk about microcomputers.’ And I said, ‘It’s because of food distribution—the food isn’t getting there. The reason they’re starving is that they don’t have the benefits that computers could bring.’” ■ ■ ■ POSTSCRIPT: Just as I was finishing this book I heard from my friend the Saudi Arabian communications specialist, Omar Alfarouq. Omar says EPC-style efforts are already realities in some places—not just dreams. Via MCI Mail from California, he told me of “the creation of an Information network throughout Third World, accessible within our own cultural reference. “It has bloomed under sponsorship Gulf Cooperation Council; data banks for farmers, medical workers in Arabic accessible by personal computer from Oman to Kuwait; anyone can access though it is most often done through local Ministry of Information office; will be tied in with university information systems. It’s moving _alhamdullilah_ [thanks to God].” Omar says the idea for this net goes back to 1981. He continues: “Your Electronic Peace Corps is alive and well and working wonders in Africa at present time, am surprised you are not there doing it. I just returned, am here to regroup, energy burn-out terrible. For example Sahel 84 is a French group 30, lorries w/ food/medicine, one light plane with ground station tied into INMARSAT; satellite shows ground picture where people have sunk down hopeless in endless reaches of Niger, Mali etc., guides convoy to place of need; communication link back to Paris advises of further food/medicine need, diagnostic advice, these helped while other abandonees are being located. That’s Sahel 84. “Mobility 84 is British with land-rover as ground station with a computer, word-processing, works in west central Africa, put together by Alan Benjamin of CAP software in England, Contact him he is doing what you are brooding about. “Medecines sans Frontreres also has sat-data link to Paris from its camp south Soudan just over border from Ethiopia for Tigre refugees; Tigre people in terrible shape. Data banks can _insha’allah_ [if God wills] save Soudan from becoming like Ethiopia—it’s getting that way fast. Contact Gordon MacRae, deputy editor of Economist in London for further up-dates, also Jim Grant of UNICEF. “Congratulations on yr book. But the real point of data exchange is its tremendous humanitarian impact which is so desperately needed in places that will never ever see anything like a telephone. Timely forecasting can prevent Third World suffering. Or even in America. That’s your next book. See you in Addis.... _wa salaam_ [good-bye], Omar.” Americans invented the transistor, the microchip, personal computers; now if only we’ll catch up with the British, French, and Saudis in bringing the technology to the people who most need it! Thanks! My Victor 9000 and Panasonic printer ideally could spew out a list of people to thank—starting with those who most deserved it. As a mere human, however, I don’t feel up to ranking anyone other than to mention the big nine: ● Michael Canyes, a professional computer consultant who gave dozens of hours of his time in the best user-to-user tradition. ● Mack Truslow, an old friend on whom I cruelly inflicted page after page of rough drafts. ● David Fay Smith, a writer/computer expert who was the technical editor and who himself is the author of _A Computer Dictionary for Kids and Other Beginners_ (Ballantine, $9.95). ● Don Carrol, the cover artist. ● Robert B. Wyatt, editor-in-chief of Ballantine Books, who had the imagination and courage to make this a mass-market paperback. ● Richard McCoy, his assistant. ● Frank Lavena, the copyeditor. ● Pat Ehresmann of the Random House production staff, who is an innovator in the spirit of this book. ● Ruth Aley, a legendary literary agent whom writers have been thanking for decades—perhaps beginning with Irving Stone. ● Berenice Hoffman, her partner on this project. Shopping for a computer while I was writing _The Silicon Jungle_, she was a perfect test reader. In addition I’ll thank the Fairfax County Public Library System, especially the Fairfax City branch’s business room. Thanks also to the Martha Washington, George Mason, and Sherwood branches. (Computerized databases will never do away with first-rate librarians.) With the understanding that my list isn’t necessarily complete, here are other people to whom I’m grateful: John Allen; Joseph Auer; Stephen Banker (will someone please locate a $1,200 hard-disk Victor 9000 for _him_?—Steve deserves it for the help he gave me); Lindsay Baird, Jr.; Rich Baker; Rob Barnaby; Richard Barry; Jane Bator of Susan Croft Associates; Nancy Beckman; Mike Bell; John Bennett; Tom Bennett (he really should be in the top six); Dan Berger; Robert Bertini, Jr.; Ed Bigelow; Janice Blood; Jay BloomBecker; Jack Bologna; Ed Boland; Kenneth Bosomworth; Charles Bowie; Mike Bradley; Barbara Brubacker; Ted Buchholz; David Bunnell; William F. Buckley, Jr.; John Butler; Robert Campbell; John Carroll; Elizabeth Carlson; Steve Caswell; “Cheshire Catalyst”; Vinton Cerf; Naren Chitty; Chris Christiansen; Ward Christensen; Ken Churbuck; Arthur C. Clarke; Joseph Coates; Jeanette Counsellor; Glenn Cowan; Chris Daly; Martin Dean; Judy-Lynn del Rey; Dick Diluciano; Kathleen Dixon; Frank Dobisky (“B.C.E.,” friend and PR man extraordinaire); David Eisen; Margaret Engel; James Fallows (my Victor guru); Guy Farley; Tom Fay; Paul Fessler; Jack Fitzgerald; Geoff Fobes; Ron Fowler; Jim Fox; Steve Frankel (author of _The Compleat Kaypro_); John Fuller; Bill Gladstone (who, while remaining loyal to his friend Andy Kay, respected my right to call the shots as I saw them and in fact nurtured this project); Jerry Glenn; Geoff Goodfellow; Gil Gordon (his new telecommuting newsletter, _TELECOMMUTING REVIEW_, offers common sense and humanity along with insight—a combination all too often missing in the computer world; you may write for subscription information to Telespan Publishing, 50 W. Palm St., Altadena, Ca. 91001); Sandy Gossman; Etienne Grandjean; Adam Green; Judy Gregory; Sue Grothoff; Tom Hacker; H. Glen Haney; Richard Harkness; Charles Harris; Patricia Hausman; James Hayhoe; William Hole (ace library researcher); Gabe Heilig; Carl Herrman; Jeremy Joan Hewes; Harold Joseph Highland; Clauda Houston; Hugh Hunt; Peter Hyams; Chris Jensen; Peter and Trudy Johnson-Lenz; Steve Jongeward; Phil Judkins; Mitch Kapor; R. A. Karasek; Esther King; Marc King; Carol Kaplan; Lloyd Kaufman; Andy and David Kay; Kay Keeshen; Richard Koffler; David LaGrande; Jack LaVriha; John Lewis; Bob Lucas of Trigram Systems (who let me try out his useful MicroSpell spelling-checker on this manuscript); Art Lundquist (owner of Clinton Computers); Nick Lyons; Jim Mahony; Mary Matthews; Judi McClean; Bill McDonald; Jan McGowan; Chodi McReynolds; John Madden; Rainer Malitze-Goes; Basil Malony; Glenn Marcus; Clyde Merritt; Maxine Messinger; Eric, Eugene and Rima Meyer; Greg Minjack; Rolf Moulton; Ian (“Captain Zap”) Murphy; Peter Nero; Rick Nelson; Jack Nilles; J. Michael Nye; Cliff Odendhal; Dusty Park; Donn Parker; Ann Patrick; Tom Peifer; Joseph Pelton; Margaret Phanes; Don Pierce; John O’Mara; Greg Platt of PeopleTalk Associates; Joe Policy; Michael Pond; Liz, Mitzi, David and the rest of the gang at the Computer Shoppe; Doug Rickman of The Disk Connection (who donated the copy of MITE I needed to talk to Arthur C. Clarke); Don Ramsey; Peter Ross Range; Gary Rinkerman of _The Computer Law Reporter_; Hood Roberts; Mark Robinson; Harry Rothman (research); Seymour Rubinstein; Marilynne Rudick; Bruce Rupp; Richard Russell; Gabriel Salvendy (source of invaluable perspective for the “HAL” chapter); Timothy Schabeck; Alan Scharf; Joe Schopen; Michael Scott of BCI; William Scrivo; Frank Schiff; Ezra Shapiro; Joe Shelton; Ben Shneiderman; James Schweitzer; Mike Slade; Michael Smith, David Snyder; Harry Snyder; Jo Steele; Bill Stern; Barbara Sturken; Ann Sumner; Jim Swanner (for approving the MITE donation); Geoff Sweeney; Jeff Tarter; Bonita Taylor, Jerry terHorst; Chris Torem; Murray Turoff; Terian Tyre; Stanton Umans; Bernard Urban; Holly Vail; John Verboon; Nick Vergis; Barbara Wagner; Robert Waters; James Watt; Harvey Welch; William Wewer; David Whiters; Lynn Wilson; Edward and Patricia Wright; and Kitty Yaney. INDEX ❑ Accounting software Accounting Plus, 75-77 case example, 73-78 Acoustically coupled modem, 349–50 Alphanumeric field, 81–82 Alternate key, definition of, 47 AND, 82 APPEND command, 82 Applications programs, 23 Area chart, 331, 333 ASCII, 352 Asynchronous communications, 353 Audit trail, 168, 321 Automatic dialing, modems, 351–52 Backups avoiding crashes, 192–94 hard disks, 196–97 lap-sized portables, 198 scratch disk, 195 Bar charts, 332 Barnaby, Rob, 7, 46, 48, 50–59, 61 Baseband, 247 Bidirectional printers, 296 Bit, 20 Bit mapping, graphics, 344 Black boxes, 189 Block move, definition of, 48 Blocks, 351 Boland, Ed, 73–78 Boldface feature, 299 Bowie, Charlie, 78–86 Broadband, 247 Bubble memory, data security and, 197 Buffer, 300, 351 Bugs, 302 A bus, network lay-out, 244–45 Buying a computer key questions for, 282–92 printers, 294–301 software, 302–309 used computers, 292–93 Byte, 20 Calculations, 326 Captain Zap, 2, 163, 190–191, 193 Capture ability, modem, 351 Cataracts, VDTs and, 156 Cathode ray tube (CRT), Kaypro, 25 Cells, 85 Central processing unit (CPU), 20 Character-based systems, graphics, 344 Character field, 81 Characters, size/shape, 142 Charts, _See_ Graphics. Check sum, 351 Clarke, Arthur, C., 2, 249–70 CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor), 197 Coaxial cable, 246–47 Colors, use in graphics, 336–37 Command-driven systems, 71–72 Command files, 82 Compatibility, Kaypro and IBM, 20–21 Composite monitor, 143 Computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM), 98 _Computer Classified Bluebook_, 292 Computer conferencing, 230 Computer crime, 9, 163–99 data diddling, 166–67 data leakage, 172–73 dial-up computers, protection of, 190–91 employee policy and, 179–83 impersonation, 174–76 logic bomb, 171 overwriting as protection, 191–92 passwords and, 188–89 piggybacking, 173–74 protection against, 183–86 rounding interest downward, 168–69 sample auditing, 165–66 scavenging, 172 simulation, 171–72 small businesses and, 165 superzapping, 169–70 TAP, 175–77 trapdoor/backdoor, 170–71 Trojan horse tricks, 167–68 wiretapping, 173 Computer furniture, selection of, 147–49 Computerized pacing, 133 Computers, future developments, 262–67 Conductors, 246 Consultants, 100–115 aspects of hiring decision, 101, 107–113 case examples, 101–106 contracts, guidelines for, 339–42 microcomputer field and, 105–106 qualifications of, 112–13 salesmen/consultants, 112 sample consulting contract, 114–15 Contracts, for consultants, 114–15, 339–42 Control characters, 353 Control key, definition of, 47 Correspondence quality, 297 CP/M (Control Program for Microcomputers), 20, 22–23, 285 Crashes, disk crashes, 192–93 Cross-hatch, 331 CRTs, alternatives to, 160–62 Cursor, 9, 47 Curve chart, 331, 333 Customization, source code, 77 Daisy wheel printer, 294 shortcomings of, 296–98 Data-base programs, 81, 323–30 calculations, 326–27 data fields, 324–26 dBASE II, 81–83 InfoStar, 323–30 overhead, 327 Perfect Filer, 324-27 sort keys, 327 Data bits, 350 Data diddling, 166–67 Data disk, 24 Data Encryption Standard (DES), 189 Data-entry work, 107 Data fields, 324–26 Data file, 324 Data leakage, 172–73 Data processing, micros and, 125–27 Data record, 324 Data security, 163–64 backups, 192, 194–99 protecting floppies, 193–94 scratch disk and, 195 _See also_ Computer crime. Data transfer, windows, 344 dBASE II, 81–83 features of, 81–82 training time, 83 Dean, Martin, 66–68 Defaults, 308 _Designer’s Guide to Creating Charts and Diagrams_ (Holmes), 334 Dial-up computers, protection of, 190–91 Digital voltmeter, Kay’s, 18 Digitizing tablet, 347 Direct-connect modem, 349–50 Disk-based word processor, 305 Disk crashes, 192–93 Disk drive head of, 23 twin, 23–24 Disks, rules for protection of, 193–94 Documentation, 49, 288 evaluation of, 304 Dot matrix printer, 294–95 size of characters, 142 Double-density feature, Kaypro, 24 Draft quality, 297 Dvorak keyboard, 146 EBCDIC, 352 Echo back, 352 Echo mode, 357–58 EDIT command, 82 8088 Chip, 20 Electroluminescent screens, 161 Electronic bulletin boards, 223 Electronic Information Exchange System (EIES), 222 Electronic mail, 228–33 advantages of, 230–31 capabilities of, 228–29 computer conferencing, 230 negative aspects of, 231–32 Electropheretic screens, 161 Encryption, 189 Environmental factors, _See_ Ergonomics. Epson, 43–44, 59 Ergonomics, 128–62 air conditioning/heat/ventilation, 152 aspects of good ergonomics, 129–30 back/muscular problems, 156–57 computerized pacing, 133–37 CRTs, 159–60 eyestrain, 158–59 furniture, selection of, 147–49 health factors, VDTs, 152–54 keyboard, selection of, 143–47 lighting, 149–51 liquid-crystal displays (LCDs), 160–62 noise reduction, printers, 151–52 participatory monitoring, 137–38 psychological problems, 157–58 radiation from VDTs, 154–56 screen, selection of, 140–43 word processing operations, 134–35 Error-checking, modem, 350 Escape key, definition of, 47 Ethernet, 236, 244, 246–47 Expansion slot, 41 Extremely low frequency radiation (ELF), 155 Eyestrain, computer use and, 158–59 Field, 81 Field names, 81 Field type, 81 Field width, 81 File data base, 81 definition of, 47 File locking, 242 File server, 244 Filters, for glare, 151 Flat screens, 160 weaknesses of, 161–62 Flow control, 351 Foot candles, 150 Full duplex modem, 351 Glare, 150–51 filters for, 151 Global search, 48 Graphics, 8, 93–99, 331–38 area charts, 331, 333 bar charts, 332 choosing a program, 337–38 colors, use of, 336–37 cross-hatch, 331 curve charts, 331, 333 graphics tablet, 347 grid lines, 335 line charts, 331 Macintosh, 93–96 PERT programs and, 98–99 pie chart, 334 professionals’ use of, 96–98 simplicity, importance of, 334–35 vertical bar charts, 333 Grid lines, 335 Ground wires, 246 Hacking, 176-77 Half-duplex modem, 351 Handshaking, 351 Hard disk backups, 196–97 disk crashes and, 196 Kaypro 10, 34–35 storage capacity, 286–87 Head, of disk drive, 23 Health factors, computerized pacing and, 137 _See also_ Ergonomics. Heat, VDTs and, 152 Help messages, 89, 305 Highland, Harold Joseph, 164–65 Human-machine link, _See_ Ergonomics. IBM, keyboard problems, 145 Icons, 46 Impersonation, 174–76 Information services, 224–26 InfoStar, 323–30 commands, 328 documentation, 327 shortcomings of, 328–30 Ink jet printer, 295 Integrated software, Lotus 1-2-3, 88–91 Integrity, 199 Intelligent modems, 352 Interrupt driven, 241 Job design, 133–34 Joystick, 347–48 Justification, 299 K, 21 Kay, Andy, 14–19, 26–30, 36 Kay, David, 28–29, 31, 37 Kaypro, 6, 14–35, 37–44 advertising of, 30–31 competition to, 43–44 CP/M operating system, 22–23 CRT of, 25 disk drives, 23–24 flat-screen model, 42–43 growth of company, 16–20, 26–35 hard disk, 34–35, 40 Kaypro 16, 41–42 Kaypro 10, 34–35, 37 Kaypro II, 26–27, 40–41 keyboard, 24–25 metal case of, 25 monitor of, 24, 30–31 Osborne as competitor, 15–16 public relations campaign, 31–32 64K Random-Access Memory (RAM), 21–22 weaknesses of, 38–43 Z80-style microprocessor, 20–21 Keyboard detachable, 9, 128, 144 factors in selection of, 143–147 function keys, 147 Qwerty vs. Dvorak, 146 tactile feedback, 145 Kopischiansky, Frank, 17–18 Lap-sized portables backups, 198 data security, 197 static problems, 197–98 Laser printer, 295 Letter quality, 297 Lighting, 149–51 filters, types of, 151 glare problem, 150–51 solutions to problem of, 149–50 Light pen, 348 Line chart, 331 Liquid-crystal displays (LCDs), 160 LIST command, 82 Local area networks, 221, 234–48 a bus topology, 244–45 baseband/broadband capacities, 247 considerations in choice of, 237–39 ease of use, 240–41 Ethernet, 236 file locking, 242 installation factors, 243 interrupt driven, 241 multi-user-system micro, 235 protocol, 243 queuing, 241 a ring topology, 245–46 shielded wire, 246–47 speed and, 239–40 a star topology, 245 telephone style, 246 twisted pair network, 246–47 user-privilege levels, 242 WEB network, 234, 236–37, 240–41 Logical field, 82 Logic bomb, 171 Lotus 1-2-3, 88–91 graphics, 90 printing options, 90–91 Lux, 150 MacInker, 298 Macintosh, 21 graphics, 93–96 mouse, 93 Macro language, 90 Mahoney, Jim, 116, 120 Maintenance contracts for, 289–90 MTBF figures, 289–90 Mass storage, 286 “Mature” software, 302 McDonald, Bill, 18–19, 25–26 MCI Mail, 225 _See also_ Electronic mail. Memory, random-access memory (64K), 21–22 Menu, 304–305 definition of, 48 Menu-driven software, 71 MEX, 356 Meyer, Eric, 249–55, 261, 269–70 Microprism Model 480, 294–95, 297 Microprocessor, 20 Z80, 20–21 MicroPro International, 50, 54, 56–62, 309 Modem, 300, 349–65 acoustically coupled, 349 automatic dialing, 351–52 bits, 350 capture ability, 351 communication with Sri Lanka, 249–70 direct-connect, 349–50 full duplex modem, 351 protocols, 351 synchronous/asynchronous communications, 353 MODEM7, 354–65 instructions for use of, 358–65 summary of commands, 364–65 Modular plugs, 349 Monochrome screen, 143 Mouse, 9, 93, 345–46 MS-DOS, 23, 285 MTFB figures, 289 Multiplan, 83–85 Multi-user-system micro, 235 Munytels, 5, 216–17, 219 Natural order of recalculation, 90 Near-letter quality, 297 NEC, 44 Networks, 221 NewWord, 43–44, 59 Node, 239 Noise, reduction, from printers, 151–52 Non-Linear Systems, 15–18, 26, 28, 32 Null modem, 198 Numeric field, 81 Omninet, 244 Operating systems choice in computer buying, 285–86 CP/M, 22–23 MS-DOS, 23 UNIX, 285–86 Optical character reader, 138 OR, 82 Osborne, Adam, 14–15, 32, 36–37 Osborne Computers Kaypro competition, 34–35 problems of, 6, 32–33 Overhead, 327 Overlapping, windows, 344 Overwriting, 191–92 Packet switching, 225 Paperback Software International, 36 Parallel port, 300 Participating monitoring, 137 Passwords, 188–89 Patch, 308 PC-TALK III, 356 Perfect Filer, 324–27 Perfect Writer, 310–18 improvements in, 312–15 Perfect Thesaurus, 317 pop-up commands menu, 312 weaknesses of, 312, 316–318 Pie chart, 334 Pivot, 43 Plasma panel, 161 Point-of-sales system, 75 Port, 300 Pregnancy, VDTs and, 152–53, 154 Printers, 294–301 bidirectional, 296 buffer, 300 compatibility with computer, 300 cost, 298 daisy wheel, 295 ink jet printer, 295 laser, 295 noise level, 299 noise reduction, 151–52 ports, 300 printer quality, 297 repair record, 298 ribbons, 298 special features, 299 thermal-transfer printer, 295 unidirectional, 296 volume, 298 Programmers, 125–26 Project Evaluation Review Techniques (PERT) software, 98–99 Proportional spacing, 299 Protocols local area networks, 243 modems, 351 Psychological factors, computers and, 157–58 Public key encryption system, 189 Queuing, 241 Quietwriter, 301 Qwerty keyboard, 146 Radiation, 154–56 extremely low-frequency radiation, 155 VDTs and pregnancy, 152–54 very low-frequency radiation, 155 Ragged right margins, 299 RAM-based word processor, 305 Random-Access Memory (RAM) 64K, 21–22 Read-Only Memory (ROM), 21 Real-time systems, 49 Records, data base, 81 Reverse video, 143 RGB monitor, 143 Ribbons, for printers, 298 A ring, network lay-out, 245–46 Robie, 40 Rubinstein, Seymour, 7, 45, 48–59, 63 Scavenging, 172 Scratch disk, 195 Screen color of, 141, 143 electroluminescent screens, 161 electropheretic screens, 161 factors in selection of, 140–43 flat screens, 160 plasma panel, 161 reverse video, 143 Scroll, definition of, 47 Search and replace, definition of, 48 Seequa Computer Corporation, 15 Select, 7, 65–72 training time, 67 versus WordStar, 67–68 Serial, port, 300 Simulation, 171–72 Software accounting, 73–78 buying of, 319–22 command-driven, 71–72 copying of, rationale for, 59–60 graphics, 331–38 integrated software, 88 mail-order buying of, 320–21 menu-driven, 71–72 spreadsheet programs, 83–85 windows, 344-45 word processors, 45–59, 65–72 Sorting, 82 sort keys, 326 Speech recognition, 262 Spellbinder, 69 Spelling checkers, 263 Split screens, 46 Spreadsheet programs Multiplan, 83–85 origins of, 83 requirements of, 89–90 VisiCalc, 83–84, 87 A star, network lay-out, 245 Start bits, 350–$2 Stop bits, 350–$2 Storage, hard disk, 286–87 Structure, data base, 81–$2 Synchronous communications, 353–$2 Tactile feedback, 145–$2 TAP, 175–77 Telecommuting, 4–$2, 200–227 clerical workers and, 209–210 considerations in, 203–206 data base information services, 224–26 data base requirements, 221–$2 economic benefits of, 219–$2 electronic bulletin boards, 223–$2 energy implications, 219–20 munytels, 216–17 networks, 221–$2 packet switching, 225–$2 psychological factors, 220–21 suburban versus downtown offices, 214–16 Telephone style network, 246–$2 Terminal mode, 357–58 Terminals, 287–$2 Thermal-transfer printer, 295–$2 Tile, windows, 344–$2 Token passing, 245–46 Touch-sensitive screen, 347–$2 Trackball, 348–$2 Tractor feed, 294–$2 Training, 115–24 aspects in choice of programs, 115–16, 118–20 case examples, 116–22 self-instruction, 124–$2 Trapdoor/backdoor crime, 170–71 Trojan horse tricks, 167–68 Twin disk drives, 23–24 Twisted pair network, 246–$2 Unidirectional printers, 296–$2 UNIX, 235–$2 operating system of, 285–86 Used computers, buying guidelines, 292–93 User-privilege levels, 242–$2 VDTs cataracts and, 156–$2 radiation and, 154–56 Ventilation, computers and, 152–$2 Vertical bar charts, 333–$2 Very low-frequency (VLF) radiation, 155–$2 Victor 9000, 271–76 VisiCalc, 83–84, 87–88 Voice grade lines, 350 Wangnet, 235–36, 239, 246–47 Ward Christensen Protocol, 351, 359 WEB network, 234, 236–37, 240–41 What-if tables, 89 Windows, 62–63, 343–45 buying guidelines, 344–45 Wiretapping, 173 Word length, modem, 350 Word processing operations, job design, 137–35 Word processor dedicated versus micro, 52 Perfect Writer, 310–18 Select, 65–72 Spellbinder, 69 terms used, 47–48 WordStar, 7, 44, 45–59, 285, 302–309 WordStar, 7, 44–59, 285, 302–309 accessory programs, 308–309 anti-botch-up-features, 306–307 creation of, 53–54 customization of, 308 damage limitation, 307 documentation, 304 ease of use, 302–304 error messages, 308 “Help” levels, 305 manufacturer support, 309 maturity of, 302 power of, 305–306 search-and-replace feature, 306 speed of, 305 strengths of, 46–47 training time, 67 word processing terms, 47–48 WordStar 2000, 60–62, 303, 310–11 Word wrap, 46 Work station, 239 XMODEM Protocol, 351, 359 XON/XOFF, 351 Yank-back feature, 307 Z80 microprocessor, Kaypro, 20–21 PLANNING TO OUTFIT YOUR OFFICE OR YOUR HOME WITH COMPUTERS? Or are you just interested in the facts and fancies surrounding the technological revolution of the 20th century? Now, with the help of one of America’s most readable computer experts, you’ll cut through the Silicon Jungle and find the machine that’s right for you. You’ll marvel at the history and folklore of the modern computer. You’ll explore the intricacies of the electronic superbrains that can: ● lower your costs and increase your efficiency ● instantaneously zip messages across continents ● act as word processors, doubling writers’ production ● keep records in complete depth and detail ● help whip up jazzy charts to whet colleagues’ interest ● increase your earnings within your chosen field Cover printed in USA ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Footnotes ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Transcriber’s Note Errors deemed most likely to be the printer’s have been corrected, and are noted here. Where the intent of the author is ambiguous, a suggested re-reading is provided here, and the text itself is merely annotated. The references are to the page and line in the original. Entries with three numbers refer to the page, the footnote (as resequenced), and the line within the footnote. The following issues should be noted, along with the resolutions. ii.3 Published in the Uni[t]ed States Added, 12.24 Two San Francis[c]o-area authors, Added. 24.8 [“]The “B” drive is my =data disk= Removed. 24.24 floppy disk[s] drives Removed. 30.35 the very same writer who had le[a]d the Removed. cheering 31.2 was no match for some more expensive Removed. machines[’]. 50.20 wanted to do.[”] Added. 50.21 and others unfamiliar with computer arcan[i]a. Removed. 52.13 Then again, your boss may ba[l/w]l you out Replaced. 52.27 m[e/o]re programmers are writing Replaced. 53.44 WordStar as a programming aid[e] to write Removed. WordStar. 56.31 to have a manual.[”] Added. 70.42 [“]The user needs to know Added. 71.25.1 account of Sele[k/c]t’s capital shortage Replaced. 88.31 have to go through unwield[l]y computer Removed. rigamarole 89.33 Symphony, for instance[,] lets you flush out Added. formulas 90.12 and it did [“]all the basic search and sorting Removed. 94.1 Turn onto Cary Avenue. Follow [M/C]ary Replaced. 101.39 the data base grew too unwield[l]y Removed. 104.9 was as badly botched as its hardware[.] Added. 117.8 said Bill Scrivo[,] an ex-managing editor. Added. 120.24 have microprocessors in them.[”] Added. 136.36 How much more can they push them[./?] Replaced. 138.20 and the same breaks [e]very hour for workers Added. 148.40 Angle between upper and low[er] arms: Added. 150.8 particularly effective on a num[b]er of Added. newspapers. 161.22 A second failing of electroluminescent Added. screen[s] 166.16 mainframes are sending electronic copies to [a Removed. ]micros 170.13 why not zap [a]way the barriers Added. 176.4 but it helps.[”] Added. 177.12 Steve Wozniak, the Apple cofounde[e]r Removed. 188.20 Your dial-up computer [should] send its name _sic_: until should not 194.38 You can’t afford to have your material stored _sic_ just [in on] your chip. 204.60.2 “Rising Trend of Computer Age: Employees Who Added. Work at Home;[”] _New York Times_ 206.36 articles sent over the phone lines[?/.] Replaced. 210.16 the regular workers cost a[t] least $50.52 a Added. day 215.1 A COMPARIS[I]ON OF OFFICE EXPENSES PER WORKER Removed. 217.25 establish munytels in poorer neighbor[hood]s>. Added. 220.72.1 Nilles’s[;] three-quarters of a billion Removed. 222.6 a vivid contrast to be[ ]suited, tied scientists 222.38 The Source and a rival network, CompuServe[,] Added. each boast 223.12 “You may even want to type ‘Chuckle,’[”] Trudy Added. says, 225.32 packet-switching techniques[,] can also Removed. increase 233.25 electronic mail can go from [person] to _sic_: one another person 241.10 instead of saying you[r] wanted to reach Removed. 245.31 the computers don’t[’] mind being “it” Removed. 253.9 “Hey, don’t worry[,/.] You’ll learn it much Replaced. faster than I did,” 257.15 to work together via[ by] computer Redundant. 266.92.1 Clarke[’s] conjecture about Added. 267.95.8 with horrid results, e.g., underlin[in]g to Added. the end of the manuscript!! 272.9 from an AC ex[t]ension cord. Added. 283.2 Are you pre[p]ared to do your homework? Added. 259.24 I hoped that benefic[i]ent HALs Removed. 267.22 _that_ will be in an attaché case.[’]” Removed. 290.27 will pro[b]ably quit then Added. 292.29 are damaged by [a sloppy drive in machine] _sic_: a floppy drive in the machine (?) 295.19 so thermal printers were also out of the Added. run[n]ing for me. 347.5 the mouse-equipped Macintosh for “na[i/ï]ve Replaced. users.” 348.6 is found most often in arcade-style [styles]. _sic_ 350.20 transmitted information at 300 baud[s] Removed. 353.14 An issue more basic than control characters Replaced. i[n/s] whether 353.19 You can send at 4,800 baud[s] Removed. 379.1 Perfect Fil[l]er, 324-27 Added. *** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE SILICON JUNGLE *** Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will be renamed. 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