2. MORELLES A L'ITALIENNE.—Having washed and dried, divide them across,

put them on the fire with some parsley, scallion, chevril, burnet, tarragon, chives, a little salt, and two spoonfuls of fine oil. Stew till the juices run out, then thicken with a little flour; serve with bread crumbs and a squeeze of lemon juice. PÂTÉS. The toadstools good for croquettes and pâtés are such as the Puff-balls, Lactarii, Gomphidius rhodoxanthus, Fistulina hepatica, Tricholoma personatum and many others of the meaty kinds. Cut the toadstools into small pieces, cook slowly until tender, adding butter, pepper and salt. Let them cook almost dry, then add cream or milk and thickening. Fill pastry shells and serve. _McIlvaine._ A pretty effect is produced by dipping the rims of the shells in partially beaten white of egg, then in finely-chopped parsley before filling. TO COOK PLEUROTUS OSTREATUS. Remove tough stem-part, if any, and use only such parts of the plants as seem fresh and tender. TO STEW.—Cut in small pieces across the grain. Stew twenty minutes over slow fire with a little water. Add cream or milk with a little thickening; season with butter, pepper, salt. TO FRY.—Cut into pieces about the size of a medium-sized oyster, dip in egg and bread crumbs, and fry in hot butter or oil, as oysters are fried. _McIlvaine._ WITH CHEESE—_au gratin._—Cut into medium-sized pieces. Stew slowly, rather dry, for fifteen minutes. Pour off liquor; save it. Place in baking dish (or in individual dishes, clam shells, etc.) a layer of ostreatus, buttering and seasoning each layer, sprinkle with bread crumbs and grated cheese and so on until dish is filled, placing cheese on top. Pour liquor over the dish. Place in slow oven and bake until well browned. This manner of cooking is a favorite. Any toadstool may be cooked in this way. _McIlvaine._ Wash. Put them into a chafing dish with one ounce of butter to each half pound of plant. Sprinkle over half a teaspoonful of salt, cover the dish and cook slowly for five minutes. Beat the yolks of two eggs with one gill of good milk, lift the lid, add the mixture of eggs and milk; when smoking hot serve. Do not allow the mixture to boil or the eggs will become curdled. RECIPE NO. 2.—Wash. Dust with salt and pepper, dip in egg, then in bread crumbs and fry quickly in smoking hot olive oil. The following recipe was given me by a chef: “Put into the saucepan a tablespoonful of butter, add a clove of garlic, a thin slice of onion, stir until slightly brown and add a tablespoonful of flour. Mix carefully, add a quarter of a teaspoonful of beef extract dissolved in half a cup of water and the same quantity of cream. Bring to boiling point, add a tablespoonful of chopped carrot, a bay leaf, and a blade of mace. Stand the mixture on the back part of the stove where it will scarcely boil, for ten minutes. Strain and add half a pound of ostreatus. Cover and cook for ten minutes. Serve on toast.” _Mrs. S.T. Rorer._ TO COOK PUFF-BALLS. TO FRY.—Remove the thin outer rind, slice, dip in egg and bread crumbs, and fry as egg-plant; serve without tomato sauce. TO STEW.—Cut in dice-shaped pieces, stew for fifteen minutes in a little water, pour off the water, dust with a little flour, add a small quantity of milk or cream, butter, pepper and salt and a little parsley. Stew slowly for five minutes. Serve. These also may be served in pâtés. When these are broken open they should be perfectly white inside; any stains or yellow part should be removed, otherwise they will be bitter. _McIlvaine._ SALADS.—Cut into strips, mingle with mustard and cress, or with blanched dandelions, scallions and hard-boiled egg, and dress as ordinarily for a salad. Or, amalgamate with potato salad a l'Allemande. _Hay._ TO COOK TRICHOLOMA PERSONATUM. TO STEW.—Wash and cut into small pieces. Stew for thirty minutes. Pour off the water, add milk slightly thickened, butter, pepper, salt and a little chopped parsley. _McIlvaine._ TO STEW THE TOUGHER TOADSTOOLS. (Hydnaceæ, Polyporaceæ, Etc.) Cut into small pieces of even size. Soak for half an hour in tepid water. Remove from water, do not drain; place in covered pan and simmer for forty minutes. Add proper proportion of thickened milk or cream, butter, pepper, salt. Those who like may add parsley or nutmeg, or beef gravy; in fact, any flavoring. _McIlvaine._ SALADS. Many species of fungi make good salads. The best of these are, Russulæ when young, fresh and firm; either sliced raw or stewed and drained; Clitocybe multiceps stewed and drained; Tricholoma personatum, raw or stewed; Clitopilus prunulus, raw or stewed; Coprinus comatus, C. micaceus, atramentarius, raw; Clavaria, fresh, young, brittle, either raw or stewed; Fistulina hepatica, raw; any of the edible Polyporaceæ, after stewing; any of the edible Hydnaceæ after stewing; the puff-balls, raw or stewed. Any favorite species will make a salad. After cooking allow to drain and cool; then mix with mayonnaise dressing, or make a dressing to taste of oil, vinegar, salt and pepper. Serve on lettuce. SOUP. Dame Nature never made a soup. Soup is a human invention of more or less distinctiveness. Usually it is a successful disguise or covering of invisibility for something which furnishes the name. To make two quarts of a distinctly fungoid soup take one quart of any edible toadstools, carefully cleaned. Put in a well-covered boiler with three pints of water, and boil slowly for one hour. Rub the whole through a colander. Reject that which does not rub through readily. Add one-half pint of milk thickened with one tablespoonful of flour, one ounce of butter, a dessertspoonful of salt, a teaspoonful of pepper. Bring to a boil. Serve. Any chosen thing or things may be added to the above—the toadstools can not resent it. _McIlvaine._ TOADSTOOLS WITH CHEESE. Several varieties of fungi are delicious when baked with a small quantity of cheese grated upon them; notably Clitocybe multiceps, the Hypholomas, Armillarias, Pleurotus ulmarius and ostreatus, Lentinus lepideus and many Boleti. See recipe for baking. When several layers of plants compose the dish, cheese should be grated on each layer. _McIlvaine._ BAKED TOADSTOOLS OF ANY GILLED KIND. Wash, place the caps in a tightly covered dish or pan after dipping them in bread crumbs. Lay them in layers, with a small piece of butter on each toadstool, as well as the proper amount of pepper and salt. Bake from twenty to forty minutes as suits the consistency of the species. Serve on toast. Or, the caps prepared as above, may be laid upon pieces of toast and placed in the pan. If this plan is adopted the lower pieces of toast become saturated with the liquor; therefore, in serving, cut from top to bottom of dish. See To Cook Clitocybe Multiceps. _McIlvaine._ A CAMP BAKE. Cover the bottom of a tin plate with caps, spore surface up. Sprinkle with salt and pepper, place a bit of butter on each. Put another tin plate on top. Set on coals or a heated stone for fifteen minutes. Eat. No better baking will result in the best oven. _McIlvaine._ ------------------------------------------------------------------------ GLOSSARY A-, prefixed signifies absence; as _aseptate_, without septa. ABBREVIATIONS: cm. = centimeter. mm. = millimeter. µ = micron. in. = inch. ´ = inch or inches. ″ = line(1⁄12 inch) or lines. nov. gen. = new genus. n. sp. = new species. × _between_ two figures signifies by; 2×4 = 2 by 4. - between two figures = to; 2–4 = from 2 to 4. ABER´RANT (_aberran(t-)s_, ppr. of _aberrare_, stray from, < _ab_, from, + _errare_, to stray), differing in some of its characters from the group in which it is placed, said of a plant, species, genus. ABJEC´TION (_abjectio(n-)_, act of casting away, _abicere_, _abjicere_, < _ab_, away, + _jacere_, throw), throwing off with force, as spores or seeds; expulsion. ABJOINT´ (_ab_, from, + _junctus_, adjoining), to joint off or delimit by septa or partitions. ABNOR´MAL (_abnormis_, deviating from a fixed rule, irregular, < _ab_, from, + _norma_, a rule), not conforming to the usual type; irregular, unnatural. ABOR´TIVE (_abortivus_, born prematurely), imperfect or wanting. ABRUPT´ (_abruptus_, steep, disconnected, < _ab_, off, + _rumpere_, break), terminating suddenly. ABSTRIC´TION (_abstrictus_, ppr. of _abstringere_, < _abs_, from, + _stringere_, bind), separation of one part from another by constriction, especially of spores from their hyphæ. ACAULES´CENT, ACAU´LINE, ACAU´LOSE, ACAU´LOUS (_caulis_, a stem or stalk of a plant), having a very short stem or none; stemless. AC´EROSE (_acerosus_, chaffy), narrow, stiff and pointed like spruce needles; intermediate in form between acicular and subulate. ACETAB´ULIFORM (_acetabulum_, a cup-shaped vessel; _forma_, form), cup-shaped, having the form of a shallow bowl. ACH´ROOUS (_Gr_—priv. + _Gr_—color), colorless, achromatic. ACIC´ULA (pl. ACICULÆ)(a needle, a small pin, dim. of _acus_, a needle), a needle-shaped spine, prickle or other body. ACIC´ULAR, ACIC´ULATE, AC´IFORM (_acicula_, a small pin or needle), needle-shaped, having a sharp point like a needle, as pine leaves. AC´ROGEN (_Gr_—at the top, + _Gr_—born, produced), a cryptogam which increases by development [of an apical cell] at the summit of an axis, having a true stem, leaf-like appendages, etc., as ferns, mosses, etc. ACROG´ENOUS (as _acrogen_ + _ous_), (a) produced at the apex, as some spores from the apex of a hyphal branch; (b) of the nature of or pertaining to acrogens. ACROP´ETAL (_Gr_—the top, + _L._—_petere_, seek), developing from below upward, or from the base toward the apex. ACU´LEATE, ACU´LEATED (_aculeatus_, furnished with prickles or stings), slender-pointed. ACU´LEUS (pl. ACU´LEI) (a sting, prickle, spine, dim. of _acus_, a needle), a prickle. ACU´MINATE (_acumen_, a point or extremity), terminating in a long drawn point. ACUTE´ (_acutus_, sharp), sharp, applied to gills having sharp edges or pointed at either end. AD´NATE (_adnatus_, grown to, pp. _adnasci_, to grow to), growing into or fast to; of gills, _e. g._ closely attached to the stem. ADNEXED´ (_adnexus_, connected), of gills attached to the stem, but not adnate to it. ADPRESSED´ (_adpressus_, pp. of _adprimere_, < _ad_, to; _premere_, to press), pressed in close contact but not adherent. ADVENTI´TIOUS (_adventitius_, prop. _adventicius_, coming from abroad, < _adventus_, pp. of _advenire_, come to, arrive at), appearing casually, or in an abnormal or unusual position or place. ÆRU´GINOSE, ÆRU´GINOUS (_æruginosus_, < _ærugo_, rust of copper), verdigris-green. AFFIN´ITY (_affinita(t-)s_, < _affinis_, neighboring, related by marriage), morphological relationship; resemblance in general plan of structure. AGAM´IC, AG´AMOUS (_Gr_—unmarried + _ic_), sexless. AG´AMOGEN´ESIS (_Gr_—unmarried, + _Gr_—production), non-sexual reproduction. AGAM´OSPORE (_Gr_—unmarried, + _spora_, spore), spore formed without fertilization. AG´ARIC (_agaricum_, a kind of tree-fungus used as tinder, named, according to Dioscorides, from the country of the Agari in Sarmatia, where this fungus abounded), any gill-bearing fungus; formerly applied only to members of the genus Agaricus. AGAR´ICIOID, of the nature of an agaric; mushroom-like. AGGLOM´ERATE (_agglomeratus_, pp. of _agglomerare_, _adglomerare_, wind into a ball, < _ad_, to, + _glomerare_, wind into a ball), (a) clustered densely, but not connected together; (b) gathered into a rounded mass or into a compacted heap or pile. AGGLU´TINATED (_agglutinatus_, pp. _adglutinare_, paste to), glued to a surface; grown together fast; applied to fungi that are firmly attached to matrix. AG´GREGATE, AG´GREGATED (_aggregatus_, pp. _adgregare_, lead to a flock; add to), collected together but not cohering. ALBU´MINOID (_albumen_ + _oid_), an organic substance containing nitrogen in its composition, as proteids. ALLAN´TOID (_Gr_—a sausage, + _Gr_—form), sausage-shaped; narrowly oblong. ALLIA´CEOUS (_allium_, garlic, + _aceous_), having the odor of onions. ALUTA´CEOUS (_alutacius_, < _aluta_, soft leather), having the quality or color of tanned leather; leathery. ALVEO´LATE (_alveolatus_, hollowed out, < _alveolus_, a small hollow), with small depressions like a shallow honeycomb, pitted. AMOR´PHOUS (_Gr_—without form, shapeless, misshapen), without definite form, structure or position. AM´PHIGEN (_Gr_—around, + _Gr_—produce), a thallogen; a name applied to a cryptogam which increases by development of cellular tissue in all directions and not at the summit of a distinct axis. See ACROGEN. AMPHIG´ENOUS (_Gr_—about; _Gr_—to beget), not confined to one surface, growing all around; _e. g._, hymenium of Clavaria. AMYG´DALINE (_amygdalinus_, < _amygdala_, almond), resembling the almond. AMYLA´CEOUS (_amylum_, starch, + aceous), composed of, containing or resembling starch. AM´YLUM (_Gr_—starch), starch. ANAL´OGY (_Gr_—equality of ratios, proportion), superficial or general resemblance, without structural agreement; physiologically or functionally alike, morphologically unlike. ANAS´TOMOSING (_Gr_—an opening, outlet, discharge), united by running together irregularly; intercommunication of vessels, lines, gills or veins with each other. ANGIOCAR´POUS (_Gr_—a capsule, case, vessel of any kind), having the hymenium developed in a closed receptacle. ANGUS´TATE (_angustatus_, pp. of _angustere_, straiten, narrow, < _angustus_, narrow), narrow. AN´NUAL (_annualis_, a year old, < _annus_, a year), completing growth in one year or season. AN´NULAR (_annularis_, relating to a ring, < _annulus_, a ring), ring-shaped. AN´NULATE (See ANNULAR), having a ring. AN´NULUS (See ANNULAR), the ring on the stem of a mushroom formed by the separation of the veil from the margin of the cap. ANOM´ALOUS (_anomalus_, irregular, uneven), deviating from a general rule, method or analogy. ANOM´ALY (_anomalia_, irregularity, unevenness), any deviation from the usual character. ANTE´RIOR (as if from _anterus_, < _ante_, before), in front; denotes a position on the under side of the pileus adjacent to the margin; thus the end of a lamellæ next the margin is called the anterior end. APARAPH´YSATE (a + _Gr_—an offshoot), without paraphyses. A´PEX (pl. API´CES)(_apex_, the extreme end), in mushrooms the extremity of the stem nearest the gill; the end furthest from the base or point of attachment. AP´ICAL (_apex_, the extreme end, point), relating to the apex or top. AP´ICES, plural of apex. APIC´ULATE (_apiculatus_, dim. of _apex_, a point), terminating in a short, abrupt point. APIC´ULUS (pl. APIC´ULI) (dim. of _apex_ (_apic-_), a point), a short, sharp point. APOTHE´CIUM (pl. APOTHE´CIA), (_Gr_—a storehouse), in Ascomycetes, an open cup-shaped fructification with the hymenium on its upper concave surface; cup. APPENDIC´ULATE (_appendiculatus_ < _appendicula_, appendix, an appendage), hanging in small fragments; having an unusual appendage. AP´PLANATE (_applanatus_ < _ad_, to, + _planus_, flat), flattened out or horizontally expanded. APPRESSED´ (_appressus_, _adpressus_, pp. of _adprimere_, press to, < _ad_, to, + _premere_, press), applied closely to the surface or to each other; adpressed. APPROX´IMATE (_approximatus_, pp. _approximare_ < _ad_, to; _proximare_, to approach), of gills which approach but do not reach the stem. _A´queous_ (as if _aqueus_, < _aqua_, water), watery; nearly colorless; hyaline. ARACH´NOID (_Gr_—a spider’s web; + _forma_, form), like a cobweb. ARBO´REAL, ARBOR´ICAL (_arboreus_, pertaining to trees), tree-inhabiting. AR´CUATE (_arcuatus_, pp. _arcuare_, to bend like a bow, < _arcus_, a bow), bow-shaped. ARENA´CEOUS, ARENA´RIOUS, ARE´NOSE (_arenaceus_, _harenaceus_, sandy, < _arena_, _harena_, sand), sandy; growing in sandy places. ARE´OLATE (_areola_, dim. of _area_, a plot), divided into little areas or patches. ARGILLA´CEOUS (_argillaceus_ < _argilla_, white clay), resembling or like clay. AR´ID (_aridus_, dry, < _arere_, be dry), dry. ARIS´TATE (_aristatus_ < _arista_, awn or beard), having a pointed beard-like process as in barley. ARMIL´LA (_armilla_, a bracelet, armlet, hoop, ring, dim. prob. of _armus_, shoulder), a plaited frill hanging from the apex of the stem. ARTE´RIOLE (_arteriola_, dim. of _arteria_, artery), a small artery. ARTIC´ULATE (_articulatus_, pp. of _articulare_, divide into joints or members, < _articulus_, a joint, etc.), jointed. ASCEND´ING (_ad_, to, + _scandere_, to climb), inclining or growing upward; applied to a lamella where its edge forms a line ascending in the direction from the margin of pileus toward the apex of the stipe; as in conical shaped pilei; applied to the partial veil when in the young stage its stem-attachment is below the level of its marginal one; in this case a ring formed from it is called inferior. AS´CI (_Gr_—a leathern bag, bladder), spore cases of certain mushrooms, in which a definite number of spores are enclosed in a sac. ASCIF´EROUS, ASCOPH´OROUS (_ascus_ + _ferre_, bear), ascus-bearing. ASCIG´EROUS (_ascus_ + _gerere_, bear), bearing asci. AS´COCARP (_Gr_—a bag, + a fruit), in Ascomycetes, sporocarp producing asci and ascospores. ASCOG´ENOUS (_Gr_—a bag, + producing), producing asci. ASCOMYCE´TES (_Gr_—a bag, + _Gr_—a mushroom), group of fungi in which the spores are produced within little sack-like cells, called asci. ASCOMYCE´TOUS, of or pertaining to the ascomycetes. AS’COPHORE (_Gr_—bearing wine-skins; _Gr_—a bag), sporophore bearing an ascus or asci. ASCOPH´OROUS, bearing an ascus or asci. AS´COSPORES (_Gr_—a bag, + _Gr_—seed), one of a number of spores formed within an ascus. AS´CUS (pl. AS´CI) (_Gr_—a leather bag, bottle, bladder, etc.), microscopic sack-like cells in which spores, generally eight in number, are developed. ASEP´TATE (_Gr_—without, + _L._—_septum_, a fence), without partitions or septa, said of hyphæ and spores. ASH COLOR (See CINEREOUS). AS´PERATE, AS´PERATED (_asperatus_, pp. of _asperare_, roughen, < _asper_, rough), having a rough, uneven surface. AS´TICHOUS (_astichus_, < _a_ + _Gr_—row), not arranged in rows. ASTO´MATOUS (_astomatus_, mouthless), without a mouth or aperture; without stomata. AS´TOMOUS (_astomus_, mouthless), without a stoma or mouth. AT´OMATE (_Gr_—an atom), sprinkled with atoms or minute particles. A´TRO (_ater_, black), in composition “black,” or “dark.” A´TROPURPU´REOUS (_ater_, black, + _purpura_, purple dye, + ous), dark purple. A´TROSANGUIN´EOUS (_ater_, black; _sanguineus_, blood, bloody), dark purple; dark blood color. ATTEN´UATE (_attenuatus_, pp. of _attenuare_, make thin, weaken, lessen, < _ad_, to, + _tenuare_, make thin), becoming gradually narrowed or smaller. AURANTI´ACEOUS (_aurantium_, an orange), orange-colored. AUR´EOUS (_aureus_, of gold, golden, < _aurum_, gold), golden-yellow; yellow with a slight tinge of red. AURIC´ULATE, AUR´IFORM (_auriculatus_, < _auricula_, the external ear), ear-shaped. AUTO-BASID´IUM (_actus_, an act, dim. of _Gr_—a base, + basidium), an unseptated basidium giving rise at the apex to four slender sterigmata (sometimes fewer, sometimes more), each bearing a spore. AUTON´OMOUS (_Gr_—independent; of one’s own free will; _Gr_—self, + _Gr_—hold sway), said of plants that are perfect and complete in themselves; not forming part of a cycle; independent. AX´IS (_axle_, axis, pole of the earth), the central line of growth; stipe, stalk, etc. AZO´NATE (_Gr_—without, + _L._—_zona_, a zone), without zones or circular bands of different color. BA´DIOUS (_badius_, bay), bay; reddish-brown; chestnut color. BAND, a broad bar of color. BANDED, marked with bands. BARBED (_barba_, beard), furnished with barbs, fibrils or hairs. BASE (_bassus_, low, short, thick), the extremity opposite to the apex; the part of an organ nearest its point of attachment; applied to lamellæ; (a) the line of attachment to the pileus (as connected by veins at the base); (b) sometimes used to define the end attached to the stipe (broad or reticulate at the base). BASID´IOGENET´IC (_Gr_—a base + genesis), produced upon a basidium. BASID´IOMYCE´TES (_basidium_ + _Gr_—a mushroom), group of fungi which has its spores produced upon basidia. BASID´IOPHORE (_basidium_ + _Gr_—to bear), a sporophore bearing basidia. BASID´IOSPORE (_basidium_ + _Gr_—_spora_, spore; seed), spore acrogenously abjointed upon a basidium. BASID´IUM (pl. BASID´IA), mother cells in the hymenium of basidiomycetes formed on the end of a hyphal branch and abstricting spores; the spores are generally four in number, each on a sterigma, but sometimes more, sometimes fewer, and sometimes sessile. See AUTO-BASIDIUM and PROTO-BASIDIUM. BASIP´ETAL (_basis_, a base, + _petere_, seek, + al), in the direction of the base. BAY (_badius_), a very rich dark-reddish chestnut; badious. BI-, prefix, meaning twice. BIB´ULOUS (_bibulus_, < _bibere_, drink), having the quality of absorbing or imbibing moisture. BICIP´ETAL, BICIP´ITOUS (_biceps_ (_bicipit-_), two-headed, + al), in botany divided into two parts at the top or bottom. BI´FID (_bifidus_, forked, < _bi_, two, + _findere_, cleave, divide), cleft or divided into two parts. BIFUR´CATED (_bifurcus_, two-forked), divided into two forks or branches as in the gills of certain Agarics. BILOC´ULAR (_bi_, two, + _loculus_, a cell, < _locus_, a place), two-celled. BIOG´ENOUS (_bi_, two, + _genus_, < _gena_, born), growing on living organisms. BISE´RIATE, BISE´RIAL (_bi_, two, + seriate), arranged in two rows. BIS´TRE (_fuligineus_), a dark brown color somewhat more reddish than sepia, but much less so than burnt umber. BOOT´ED, applied to the stem of a mushroom when enclosed in a sheath or volva; peronate. BOSS, a knob or short rounded protuberance; umbo. BOSSED, BULL´ATE (_bulla_, a bubble), furnished with a boss, stud or umbo. BRANCHED (_brancha_, claw), dividing from the sides; also styled furcate and forked; ramifying, diverging. BRICK, trade-term for a mass of mushroom spawn, in dimensions the size of a brick of masonry. BRICK RED (_testaceus_, _lateritius_, _rutilus_), a dull brownish-red color like the color of burnt bricks. BROAD, wide or deep vertically, not narrow. BROCCOLI COLOR, the color of a variety of cabbage. BUFF (_luteus_, _luteolus_), a light dull brownish-yellow, like the color of dressed buck-skin or chamois. BUL´BOUS (_bulbosus_, < _bulbus_, bulb), said of the stem of a mushroom when it has a bulb-like swelling at the base. BYSSA´CEOUS, BYS´SOID (as if _byssaceus_, < _byssus_), resembling or consisting of fine filaments like the flax or cotton. BYS´SUS (_Gr_—originally a fine yellowish flax), an old name for the filamentous mycelium of certain fungi. CÆRU´LEUS, CERU´LEOS (_cæruleus_, dark-blue, dark-green, dark colored), light blue; sky-blue. CÆ´SIOUS (_cæsius_, bluish-gray), pale, bluish-gray; lavender colored. CÆS´PITOSE, CÆS´PITOUS, CES´PITOSE (_cæspitosus_, < _cæsposus_, a clump of turf), growing in tufts or clumps. CALCA´REOUS (_calcarius_, pertaining to lime, < _calyx_, lime), chalky, chalk-like. CALLOS´ITY, CAL´LUS (_callosita_, < _callosus_, callous), a hard or thickened spot or protuberance. CALYP´TRA (_Gr_—a veil, hence _calyptra_, a hood), applied _e. g._ to the portion of the volva covering the pileus. CAMPAN´ULATE (_campana_, a bell), bell-shaped. CANALIC´ULATE (_canaliculus_, a little channel), channeled, furrowed. CAN´CELLATE (_cancellatus_, pp. of _cancellare_, make like or provide with a lattice), latticed, marked both longitudinally and transversely with an open network. CAN´DIDOUS (_candidus_), shining white. CANES´CENT (_canescen(t-)s_, pp. of _canescere_, < _canus_, white or hoary), having whitish, grayish or hoary pubescence. CAP, pileus; the expanded, umbrella-like receptacle of the common mushroom. CAP´ILLARY (_capillaris_, pertaining to the hair, < _capillus_, the hair), pertaining to or resembling hair. CAPIL´LIFORM (_capillus_, hair, + _forma_, form), in the shape or form of a hair. CAPILLIT´IUM (_capillus_, hair), spore-bearing threads, filling as a packing material the fruiting part of certain fungi, variable in thickness and color, sometimes continuous with the sterile base, sometimes free, dense, persistent or lax and evanescent, often branched; found in the Lycoperdons. CAP´ITATE (_capitatus_, having a head, < _caput_, head), having a head, or the form of a head. CAPIT´ULUM (_capitulum_, a small head, < _caput_, head), a small head. CAP´SULE (_capsula_, a small box or chest, dim. of _capsa_, a box), an enclosing envelope usually thin and membranous. CARBONA´CEOUS (carbon + aceous), rigid, blackish and brittle; like or composed of carbon or coaly matter. CAR´DIAC (_cardiacus_, heart), of or pertaining to the heart; pertaining to the esophageal portion of the stomach, opposed to pyloric. CA´RIOUS (_cariosus_, < _caries_, decay), decayed. CARMINE (_carmineus_, _coccineus_), a very pure and intense crimson, the purest of the cochineal colors. CAR´NEOUS (_carneus_, < _caro_, flesh), fleshy; flesh-colored. CAR´NOSE (_carnosus_, fleshy, < _caro_, flesh), fleshy. CARTILAG´INOUS (_cartilaginosus_, < _cartilago_, gristle), firm and tough; gristly. CASTA´NEOUS (_castaneus_), chestnut-colored; chestnut color. (Burnt umber + vermilion.) CAU´DATE (_caudatus_, < _cauda_, a tail), having a tail-like appendage. CAULIC´OLOUS (dim. of _caulis_, a stalk), growing on herbaceous stems. CELL (_cella_, a small room, barn, etc.), (a) a small cavity, compartment or hollow place; (b) a mass of protoplasm of various size and shape, generally microscopic, with or without a nucleus and enclosing wall, the fundamental form-element of every organized body. CELL´ULAR (_cellula_, dim. of a cell, + ar), composed of cells. CELL´ULOSE (_cellula_, a cell), the essential constituent of the primary wall-membrane of cells, a secretion from the contained protoplasm; allied to starch, sugar and inulin. Chemical formula, C_{6}H_{10}O_{5}. CENTIMETER, CM. (_centum_, a hundred, + metre, meter), in the metric system a measure of length, the hundredth part of a meter, equal to 0.3937 of an English inch. CENTRIF´UGALLY (_centrum_, the center, + _fugere_, flee), from the center outwards. CENTRIP´ETALLY (_centrum_, the center, + _petere_, seek, move toward), from the circumference toward the center. CE´PÆFORM (_cepa_, an onion; _forma_, form), onion-shaped. CERA´CEOUS (_ceraceus_, < _cera_, wax), wax-like, waxy. CEREB´RIFORM (_cerebrum_, the brain, + _forma_, form), brain-shaped. CER´VINE (_cervinus_, < _cervus_, deer), of a deep tawny or fawn color. CHAN´NELED (_canalis_, a water-pipe, canal), hollowed out like a gutter; canaliculate CHARTA´CEOUS (_chartaceus_, < _charta_, paper), like paper. CHESTNUT COLOR (_castaneus_, _spadiceus_), a rich dark reddish-brown of a slightly purplish cast. (Vermilion + burnt umber.) CHLAM´YDOSPORES (_Gr_—mantle, + _Gr_—seed) (encased spores), one of a number of thick-walled resting spores usually formed in rows from the breaking up of the hyphæ into spherical bead-like cells; on germination they may develop sporangia or conidiophores. CHLO´ROPHYLL (_chlorophyllum_, _Gr_—yellowish-green; _Gr_=_L._, _folium_, a leaf), the green coloring matter of plants. CHLORO´SIS (_Gr_—greenness, paleness), loss of color, etiolation. CHOCOLATE-BROWN (_chocolatinus_), a rich dark reddish-brown color, like the exterior glazed surface of a cake of chocolate. CHROME-GREEN (_chromium-viridis_), a dull green color, nearly intermediate between malachite green and sage green. CHROME-YELLOW, a deep yellow. CIL´IA (pl. of CILI´UM), (_cilium_, an eye-lid), marginal hair-like processes. CIL´IATE (_cilium_, an eye-lid), fringed with hair-like processes. CINE´REOUS, CINERA´CEOUS (_cinereus_, _cineraceus_), ash-gray; a light bluish-gray color, lighter than plumbeous. CIN´NABARINE (_cinnabar_, vermilion, + ine), cinnabar-colored; bright red; vermilion. CINNAMO´MEOUS, CINNAMON (_cinnamomeus_, _cinnamominus_), a light reddish-brown color, like the inner surface of cinnamon bark. CINNAMON-RUFOUS (_cinnamomeo-rufus_), rufous with a tinge of cinnamon. (Burnt sienna + raw umber + light red + white.) CIR´CINATE (_circinatus_, pp. _circinare_, to make round), disposed in a circle; circular, coiled like a shepherd’s crook. CIRCUMSCIS´SILE (_circumscissus_, pp. of _circumscindere_, cut about), opening or dividing by a transverse circular line; applied to a mode of dehiscence in some fruits. CIT´RINE, CIT´REOUS, CIT´RINOUS (_citrus_, a lemon or citron), lemon-yellow colored. CLATH´RATE, CLATH´ROID (_clathratus_, _Gr_—a lattice), latticed. CLA´VATE, CLAV´IFORM (_clavatus_, < _clava_, a club), club-shaped, gradually thickened towards the top. CLAY COLOR (_lutescens_, _luteolus_, _lutosus_, _argillaceus_), a dull light brownish-yellow color, nearly intermediate between yellow ocher and Isabella color. CLEIS´TOCARP, CLIS´TOCARP (_Gr_—that can be closed, + fruit), an ascocarp which is entirely closed, and from which the spores escape by its final rupture. CLOSE, packed closely side by side; said of lamellæ when they are close together; also styled crowded. COALES´CENT (_coalescens_, ppr. of _coalescere_, grow together), growing together of similar parts; coherent. COCH´LEATE, COCHLEAR´IFORM (_cochleatus_, _cocleatus_, spiral, < _cochlea_, _coclea_, a snail’s shell), shaped like a snail shell. COHE´RENT (_coherens_, ppr. of _cohærere_, stick together, cohere), sticking together of similar parts; sometimes used in the sense of connate. COLLEN´CHYMA (_Gr_—glue, + _Gr_—an infusion), in Geaster, etc., a cartilaginous-gelatinous tissue, hygroscopic and with great capacity for swelling, forming one of the inner layers of the peridium; its swelling at maturity causes the outer peridium to burst outward in a stellate manner. COLLIC´ULOSE (_colliculus_, a little hill, dim. of _collis_, a hill), covered with little hill-like elevations. _Col´loid_ (_Gr_—glue, + semblance), like glue or jelly. COLUMEL´LA (_columella_, a little column), a sterile tissue rising column-like in the midst of the capillitium, serving as a point of insertion for the threads which connect it with the peridium in the form of a network. (In Lycoperdaceæ.) CO´MATE, CO´MOSE, CO´MOUS (_comatus_, hairy, < _coma_, a hair), furnished with a tuft of silky hairs; hairy. COM´PLANATE (_complanatus_, pp. of _complanare_, make plane or plain), flattened vertically to a level surface above and below. COMPRESSED´ (_compressa_, fem. of _compressus_, pp. of _comprimere_, compress), flattened laterally. CONCAT´ENATE (_con_, together, + _catenare_, link, chain, < _catena_, a chain), linked together in a chain. CONCAVE´ (_concavus_, hollow, arched, vaulted; _com_, together, + _cavus_, hollow), having a rounded, incurved surface. CONCEN´TRIC (_con_, together; _centrum_, center), having a common center, as a series of rings, one within another. CONCEP´TACLE (_conceptaculum_, < _concipere_, pp. _conceptus_, contain, conceive), a closed sporiferous body. CON´CHIFORM (_concha_, a shell, + _forma_, shape), shell-shaped, resembling a clam-shell in shape. CONCOLORED, CONCOL´OROUS (_concolor_, of one color), of a uniform color. CONCRES´CENT (_concrescentia_, < _concrescere_, grow together), growing together. CON´CRETE (_concretus_, grown together, solid), coalescent; united in a coagulated, condensed or solid mass; grown together. CONFER´VOID (_conferva_, a name applied to certain of the Algæ, sea-weeds; + _Gr_—form), like a Conferva, from the finely branched threads; loose and filamentous. CON´FLUENT (_con_, together, + _Gr_—_fluere_, flow), blended into one. CON´GENER (_congener_, of the same race, < _con_, together, + _genus_ (_gener_), race), of the same genus or kind. CONGENER´IC, CONGENER´ICAL, CONGEN´EROUS (_congener_, of the same race, + ic, ous), belonging to or nearly allied to the same genus. CONGENET´IC (_con_, together, + _Gr_—generation, seed), produced at the same time or by the same cause; alike in origin. CONGLOM´ERATE (_conglomeratus_, pp. of _conglomerare_, roll together, heap together, < _com_, together, + _glomerare_, gather into a ball), densely clustered; gathered into a round mass; composed of heterogeneous materials. CONGLU´TINATE (_conglutinatus_, pp. of _conglutinare_, glue together, < _com_, together, + _glutinare_, glue), as if glued together. CONID´IAL (conidium + al), pertaining to or of the nature of a conidium or conidia; characterized by the formation of conidia; bearing conidia. CONIDIIF´EROUS, CONIDIOPH´OROUS (_conidium_, dust, + _ferre_, bear), bearing conidia. CONID´IOPHORE (_conidium_, + _Gr_—bearing), a hypha from which are abstricted conidia. CONID´IUM (pl. CONIDIA), a non-sexual spore formed singly or in chains by abstriction from the ends of hyphæ or hyphal branches. See under SPORE. CO´NIFER (_conifer_, cone-bearing, < _conus_, a cone, + _ferre_, bear), a cone-bearing tree. CONJUGA´TION (_conjugatio(n-)_, a joining, entomological relationship, < _conjugare_, pp. _conjugatus_, join), union of two cells to form a spore. CON´NATE (_connatus_, pp. _connasci_, < _con_, together; _nascor_, to be born), united by growing together from the first. CON´NIVENT (_conniven(t-)s_, _coniven(t-)s_, ppr. of _connivere_, _conivere_, wink at; overlook), having an inward direction, converging, coming in contact, said of a cup whose sides curve inward and meet at the margin. CON´STANT (_constan(t-)s_, steady, firm, < _com_, together, + _stare_), always present or always in the same condition. CONSTRIC´TED (constrict + ed), contracted so as to be smaller in one or more places than in others. CON´TEXT (_contextus_, pp. of _contexere_, join or weave together), texture; substance. CONTIG´UOUS (_contiguus_, touching), near, or in contact. CONTIN´UOUS (_continuus_, joined, < _continere_, hold together), without a break; applied to spores or hyphæ that have no septa. CONTOR´TED (_contortus_, pp. of _contorquere_, twist, < _com_, together; _torquere_, twist), distorted, twisted, crooked or deformed. CON´VEX (_convexus_, vaulted, arched, convex, concave), elevated and regularly rounded; forming the segment of a sphere or nearly so. CONVEX´O-PLANE, between convex and flat. CON´VOLUTE (_convolutus_, pp. of _convolvere_, roll together), covered with irregular convexities and depressions resembling the convolutions of the brain. COR´DATE (_cordatus_, heart-shaped), heart-shaped. CORIA´CEOUS (_coriaceus_, < _corium_, leather), of a leathery texture. COR´NEOUS (_corneus_, horny), of a horny texture. COR´RUGATED (_corrugatus_, pp. _corrugare_, < _con_, together, + _rugare_, to wrinkle), wrinkled; contracted; puckered; having a wrinkled appearance. COR´TEX (_cortex_, cork), literally bark; a covering of cells enclosing the axis; cortical layer; the outer rind-like layer or layers of some fungus bodies. COR´TICAL (_cortex_ (_cortic_), bark, rind, + al), of or pertaining to the cortex. COR´TICATE, COR´TICATED (_corticatus_, pp. adj., < _cortex_, bark), furnished with bark-like covering; having a rind. CORTI´NA (_cortina_), a veil of spider-web structure rupturing at or near the stem; applied to the peculiar veil of the genus Cortinarius. COR´TINATE (_cortinatus_, < _cortina_, a curtain), provided with or pertaining to a cortina. COS´TATE (_costatus_, ribbed, < _costa_, rib), having a ridge or ridges as if ribbed. COSTÆ (pl. of _costa_, a rib, a side), ribs or primary veins (as in a leaf). CRATE´RA (_crater_, a bowl), a cup-shaped receptacle. CRATER´IFORM (_crater_, a crater, + _forma_, shape), basin or saucer-shaped; having the form of a crater. CREAM COLOR (_cremeus_), a light pinkish-yellow color like cream. CRE´NATE (_crenatus_, < _crena_, a notch), notched at the edge, indented, scalloped: The notches are blunt or rounded, not sharp as in a serrated edge. CREN´ULATE, CREN´ULATED (_crenulatus_), same as crenate. CRETA´CEOUS (_cretaceus_, chalky, < _creta_, chalk), chalky; of the color of chalk. CRIB´RATE, CRIB´RIFORM (_cribrum_, a sieve, + _forma_, shape), sieve-like; perforated with small holes. CRIB´ROSE (_cribrosus_, < _cribrum_, a sieve), pierced with holes; perforated. CRIMSON (_carmineus_, _sanguineus_, _sanguineo-ruber_), blood-red, the color of the cruder sorts of carmine. CRI´NITE (_crinitus_, haired, pp. of _crinire_, provide with hair, < _crinis_, hair), having a tuft of long, weak hairs. CRISP, CRISPED, CRIS´PATE (_crispus_, curled, wavy, uneven, tremulous), having the surface, especially near the margin, strongly and finely undulate, as the leaves of the Savoy cabbage. CRIS´TATE (_cristatus_, < _crista_, a crest), crested; bearing a ridge, mane or tuft on the top. CRU´CIATE, CRU´CIFORM (_cruciatus_, pp. of _cruciare_, torture), having the form of a cross with equal arms. CRUSTA´CEOUS (_crusta_, a crust, + aceous), of hard and brittle texture. CRYP´TOGAM (_Gr_—hidden, + marriage), a plant of the order Cryptogamia. CRYPTOGA´MIA (_Gr_—hidden, + marriage), flowerless plants propagated by spores. CRYPTOG´AMY (_Gr_—hidden, + marriage), obscure fructification as in plants of the class Cryptogamia. CULM (_culmus_, a stalk), the stem of grasses. CU´NEATE, CUNE´IFORM (_cuneatus_, pp. of _cuneare_, wedge, make wedge-shaped, < _cuneus_, a wedge), wedge-shaped. CUP (_cupa_, a tub, cask, vat), the concave fruiting body of angiocarpous lichens and discomycetous fungi; the peridium of a clustering fungus. See APOTHECIUM. CU´PREOUS (_cupreus_, of copper, < _cuprum_, copper), copper-colored. CU´PULAR, CU´PULATE (a little cup, dim. of _cupa_, a cup), cup-shaped. CU´PULE, CU´PULA (a little cup, dim. of _cupa_, a cup), a receptacle shaped like a little cup, as in Peziza. CURLED, same as CRISP. CURT (_curtus_, clipped, broken, shortened), short. CUR´TAIN (_cortina_, a small croft, screen, etc.), same as cortina. CUS´PIDATE (_cuspidatus_, pp. _cuspidare_, < _cuspis_, a point, spear), with a sharp spear-like point. CU´TICLE (_cuticula_, dim. of _cutis_, the skin), a distinct skin-like layer; cutis, cuticle, pellicle and epidermis have been used indiscriminately to describe the separable or inseparable skin-like layer sometimes present on the outer surface of the pileus and stem; of these terms, cuticle is used most commonly. CU´TIS. See CUTICLE. CYA´NEOUS (_cyaneus_, dark blue), bright blue; azure; lapis-lazuli blue. CYANO´SIS (_Gr_—dark-blue, + osis), in pathology a blue or more or less livid color of the surface of the body, due to imperfect circulation and oxygenation of the blood. CY´ATHIFORM (_cyathus_, a cup; _forma_, form), cup-shaped, shape of a drinking glass slightly widened at the top. CYLIN´DRIC, CYLIN´DRICAL (_cylindricus_, cylinder), cylinder-shaped; applied to a branch or stem having the same or nearly the same diameter throughout, and its cross-section circular. CYM´BÆFORM, CYM´BIFORM (_cymba_, a boat, + _forma_, shape), boat-shape. CYST (_cystis_, the bladder, bag, pouch), a bladder-like cell or cavity. CYSTID´IUM (pl. CYSTID´IA) (_Gr_—the bladder, + the dim. termination), sterile bladder cells of the hymenium, generally larger than the basidia cells between which and with which they are formed. DASH, -, between two figures = to; from 2 to 4. DAUGHTER-CELL, any cell when mentioned in relation to the one (mother-cell) from which it is derived. DEAL´BATE (_dealbatus_, pp. of _dealbare_, whiten, white-wash, etc., < _de_ + _albare_, whiten), as if white-washed; covered with very white opaque powder. DECID´UOUS (_deciduus_, that falls down; < _decidere_, < _de_, down, + _cedere_, to fall), falling off at maturity or at the end of the season, not permanent; losing the foliage every year. DECOR´TICATE, DECOR´TICATED (_decorticatus_, pp. of _decorticare_, < _de_, from, + _cortex_, bark), denuded of bark; destitute of a cortex or cortical layer. DECUM´BENT (_decumben(t-)s_, ppr. of _decumbere_, lie down, < _de_, down, + _cumbere_, lie) applied to a stem having the lower part resting on the ground. DECUR´RENT (_decurren(t-)s_, ppr. _decurrere_, run down), applied to lamellæ (gills) which are prolonged down the stem. DECURVED´ (decurve + ed, after _decurvatus_, curved back), curved downward; opposed to recurved. DEFLEXED´ (_deflexus_, pp. _deflectere_, turn aside), bent or turned down. DEHIS´CENCE (_dehiscen(t-)s_, dehiscent), the spontaneous opening of a peridium at maturity to discharge the spores. DEHIS´CENT (_dehiscere_, gape, open), a closed organ opening of itself at maturity or when it has attained a certain development. DELIQUES´CENT (_deliquescere_, melt away), relating to mushrooms which at maturity become liquid or melt down. DELIMITA´TION (_delimitare_, mark out the limits, < _de_ + _limitare_, limit, bound), the marking, fixing or prescribing the limits or boundaries. DEN´DROID, DEN´DRIFORM (_Gr_—a tree, + _L._—_forma_, form), tree-shaped. DEN´TATE (_dentatus_, tooth), toothed with a concave serrature. DENTIC´ULATE (_denticulatus_, < _denticulus_, a small tooth), finely dentate. DENU´DATE (_denudatus_, pp. of _denudare_, make bare, strip), naked; exposed, not immersed. DEPRESSED´ (_depressus_, pp. of _deprimere_, < _de_, down, + _premere_, press), as if pressed down or flattened; sunk below the level of the surrounding margin. DERMINI, a group of fungi with brown or rust-colored spores. DESCEND´ING (_descindere_, pp. _descensus_, come down, fall, < _de_, down, _scandere_, climb), applied to a marginal veil when, in the young stage, its marginal attachment is below the level of its stem-attachment; a ring formed from it is called superior; turned downward. DES´ICCATE, DES´ICCATED (_desiccatus_, pp. of _desiccare_, dry up, < _de_, intensive, < _siccare_, dry), dried. DETER´MINATE (_determinatus_, pp. _determinare_, fix, limit), ending definitely; having a distinctly defined outline. DETERMINA´TION (_determinatio(n)_, boundary, conclusion, end, _determinare_, pp. _determinatus_, bound, determine), assignment to the proper place in a classification or series. DIAGNO´SIS (_diagnosis_, a distinguishing), scientific discrimination of any kind; a short distinctive description, as of a plant. DIAPH´ANOUS (_Gr_—through, + to appear), of a transparent texture; permitting the passage of light. DICHOT´OMOUS (_Gr_—in two, + to cut), dividing into two; regularly forked. DICHOT´OMY (_Gr_—a cutting in two), a mode of branching by constant forking or dividing in pairs. DID´YMOUS (_Gr_—double, twofold, twin), double; of two equal parts. DIFFEREN´TIATED (_differentia_, difference), exhibiting differentiation. DIFFERENTIA´TION (_differentia_, difference, + ation), (a) discrimination between by observing or describing the differences; (b) the evolutionary process or results by which originally different parts or organs become differentiated or specialized in either form or function; specialization. DIF´FLUENT (_diffluen(t-)s_, ppr. of _diffluere_, < _dis_, away, apart, + _fluere_, flow), readily dissolving. DIF´FORM, DIFFORMED´ (_deformis_, deformed), irregular in form, not uniform. DIFFUSE´ (_diffusus_, pp. of _diffundere_, pour in different directions, pour out, < _dis_, away, + _fundere_, flow), spreading widely, loosely and irregularly. DIG´ITATE (_digitatus_, having fingers or toes, < _digitus_, finger), furnished with fingers; dividing like the fingers of the hand. DILA´TED (_dilatare_, spread out; extend), expanded; enlarged. DIMID´IATE (_dimidiatus_, < _dimidiare_, halve), halved; _e. g._ of gills which reach halfway to the stem; also of pileus when it is semi-circular in outline or nearly so; as many Polyporei. DIMOR´PHIC, DIMOR´PHOUS (_dimorphus_, having two forms), existing in two distinct forms. DIMOR´PHISM (_dimorphus_, having two forms), the property of existing under two distinct forms. DISC, DISK (_discus_, a disk, trencher), (a) any flat circular disk-like growth; (b) the central portion of the upper surface of a pileus; the cup-shaped or otherwise variously shaped hymenial surface of a Discomycete. DIS´CIFORM, DIS´COID, DIS´COIDAL (_discoides_, disk-shaped), of a circular, flat form; disk-shaped. DIS´COCARP (_Gr_—a disk, + _Gr_—fruit), ascocarp in which the hymenium or disk lies exposed while the asci are maturing as in Peziza, Morchella, etc. DISCOMYCE´TES (_Gr_—a disk, + _Gr_—fungus), a group of ascomycetous fungi in which the hymenium is exposed; the fruiting body is cupular, discoid or clavate, and sometimes convoluted. DISCRETE´ (_discretus_, distinguished, separated), distinct, not coalescent. DISSEC´TED (_dissectus_, pp. of _dissecare_, cut asunder, < _dis_, asunder, + _secare_, cut), cut deeply into many lobes or divisions. DISSEP´IMENTS (_dissepimentum_, a partition) dividing walls; partitions. DIS´TAL (_dist(ance)_ + al), pertaining to the apex or outer extremity. DIS´TANT, (_distans_, ppr. _distare_, stand apart), far apart; of gills which have a wide distance between them. DIS´TICHOUS (_Gr_—having two rows), disposed in two rows. DIVAR´ICATE (_divaricatus_, pp. _divaricare_, spread asunder), separating at an obtuse angle; diverging widely. DOR´SAL (_dorsalis_, < _dorsum_, the back), pertaining to the back, literally on the upper side. DOWN, fine, soft pubescence. E or EX-, prefix signifying “destitute of,” “outside of,” or “away from.” EBE´NEOUS (_ebeneus_, of ebony, < _ebenus_, ebony), black like ebony. EBUR´NEOUS (_eburneus_, of ivory, < _ebur_, ivory), ivory-white. ECCEN´TRIC (_Gr_—out of the center), excentric. ECH´INATE (_echinatus_, set with bristles, prickly), furnished with stiff bristles. ECHIN´ULATE (_echinulus_, dim. of _echinus_, a hedgehog), beset with short bristles. ECTO- (_Gr_—without, outside), prefix signifying “outside.” ECTOBASID´IA (_Gr_—outside, + basidium), basidia placed on an exposed surface; not enclosed. EDEN´TATE (_edentatus_, toothless, pp. of _edentare_, render toothless), without teeth. EFFUSED´ (_effusus_, pp. _effundere_, pour out), spread over without regular form. EFFU´SO-REFLEXED´, effused with upper margin reflected forming a pileus. EGG (_ovum_, an egg), a young plant before rupture of the volva in Phalloids, Amanitas, etc. EGUTT´ULATE, not containing guttulæ. ELLIP´SOID (_Gr_—ellipse, + _Gr_—form), a solid figure all plane, sections of which are ellipses or circles. ELLIPSOI´DAL, shaped like an ellipsoid. ELLIP´TIC, ELLIP´TICAL (_Gr_—ellipse), elongate-ovate; more than twice as long as broad; parallel-sided in the middle and rounded at both ends. EMAR´GINATE (_emarginatus_, pp. _emarginare_, < _e_, out of; _margo_, the margin), notched at the end; of gills with a sudden scoop, as if scooped out at the point of attachment to the stem. EMBOSSED´, in botany projecting in the center like the boss or umbo of a round shield. EM´BRYO, the mushroom before leaving its volva, also an early stage of mushrooms which have no volva. ENCRUST´ING (_incrustare_, cover with a rind or crust, < _in_, on, + _crusta_, a crust). ENDEM´IC (_Gr_—native), peculiar to and characteristic of a locality or region; indigenous in some region and not elsewhere. ENDO-, ENTO- (_Gr_—“in,” “within”), prefix signifying “within,” “inside.” ENDOBASID´IA (_Gr_—within, + basidium), basidia enclosed in a dehiscent or indehiscent conceptacle. ENDOCAU´LOUS (_Gr_—within, + _caulis_, a stalk), growing in the substance of herbaceous stems. EN´DOGEN (_Gr_—within, + producing). See MONOCOTYLEDON. ENDOG´ENOUS (_Gr_—within, + _Gr_—producing, + ous), produced within another body; of or pertaining to the class of endogens. ENDOPERID´IUM (_Gr_—within, + peridium), inner layer of the peridium. EN´DOPHYTE (_Gr_—within, + a plant), a plant growing within an animal or another plant, usually as a parasite; entophyte. EN´DOSPORE, ENDOSPO´RIUM (_Gr_—within, + _Gr_—seed), (a) the inner coat of a spore; (b) spore which is produced within a sporangium or spore-sac as the ascospores. EN´SIFORM (_ensis_, a sword, + _forma_, shape), sword-shaped. ENTIRE´ (_integer_, < _integrum_, whole), the edge quite devoid of serrature or notch; continuous. ENTOMOG´ENOUS (_Gr_—an insect, + produced), growing upon or in insects. ENTOMOPH´YTOUS (_Gr_—within, + grow), growing upon or in insects. EN´TOPHYTE, endophyte. EPIDER´MIS (_Gr_—the outer skin), the external or outer layer of the plant. EPIG´ENOUS (_Gr_—growing after or late), growing upon the surface of a part; often limited to growth upon the upper surface, in distinction from hypogenous. EPIGÆ´OUS, EPIGE´OUS (_Gr_—on or of the earth; on the ground), growing on or in the ground. EP´IPHRAGM (_Gr_—a covering; lid), a delicate membrane closing the cup-like receptacle of the Nidulariaceæ. EP´IPHYTAL, EPIPHYT´IC, EPIPHYT´ICAL (_Gr_—upon, + a plant), of the nature of an epiphyte. EP´IPHYTE (_Gr_—upon, + a plant), growing upon the outside of another plant; either parasitic or not. EP´ISPORE, EPISPO´RIUM (_Gr_—upon, + seed), the outer coat of a spore; same as exosporium. EPITHE´CIUM (_Gr_—upon, + a case), the layer sometimes formed above the asci by the concrescent tips of the paraphyses. EPIX´YLOUS (_Gr_—upon, + wood + ous), growing upon wood. E´QUAL (_æqualis_, equal, like), all gills of the same, or nearly the same, length from back to front; stem of uniform thickness. ERO´DED (_erodere_, gnaw off), the edge ragged as if torn. ERUM´PENT (_erumpen(t-)s_, ppr. of _erumpere_, break out), prominent; originating beneath and bursting through the surface of the matrix. E´TIOLATE, E´TIOLATED (_stipula_, straw), whitened, blanched by exclusion of the sun’s rays or by disease. EVANES´CENT (_evanescen(t-)s_, ppr. of _evanescere_, vanish away), fleeting; vanishing; soon disappearing. E´VEN, of a surface which is quite plane as contrasted _e. g._ with one which is striate, pitted, etc. Distinguished from smooth. A surface may not be smooth and yet be even. EX-, prefix. See “E-.” EXCEN´TRIC (_Gr_—out of the center), not central; the stems of some mushrooms are always excentric. EXCIP´ULUM (_excipulum_, a vessel for receiving liquids, < _excipere_, take out, receive), outer layer of an apothecium or cup developed as part of the receptacle. EXO-, prefix signifying “outside.” EX´OGEN (_Gr_—outside, + producing), a plant in which the growth of the stem is in successive concentric layers. EXOG´ENOUS, growing by additions on the outside; belonging to or characteristic of the class of exogens; produced on the outside, as the spores of hyphomycetous and many other fungi. EXOPERID´IUM (_Gr_—outside, peridium), outer layer of the peridium. EX´OSPORES (_exosporium_), spores which are free, not produced within a sporangium, as basidio-spores. EXOSPO´RIUM (_Gr_—outside, + seed), the outer coat of a spore; same as episporium. EXOT´IC (_exoticus_, foreign, alien), foreign, not native. EXPAN´DED (_expandere_, pp. _expansus_, spread out, < _ex_, out, + _pandere_, spread), spread out, as a pileus from convex to plane. EX´PLANATE (_explanatus_, flattened, spread out), flattened, expanded; applied usually to a part which has been rolled or folded. EXSER´TED (_exsertus_, thrust out, pp. of _exsere_, stretch out), projecting; standing out. EXSICCA´TI (_exsiccatus_, pp. of _exsiccare_, dry up), dried specimens; especially those published in sets and distributed. FAC´ULTATIVE (_faculta(t-)s_, faculty), capability, etc., having a faculty or power, but exercising it only occasionally or incidentally; optional or contingent. FAC´ULTATIVE-PAR´ASITE, an organism which normally lives throughout as a saprophyte, but which may also go through its course either wholly or in part as a parasite. FAC´ULTATIVE-SAP´ROPHYTE, an organism which normally is parasitic, but which can vegetate at certain stages as a saprophyte. FAL´CATE, FAL´CIFORM (_falcatus_, bent, curved, hooked, sickle-shaped, < _falx_, a sickle), hooked, curved like a scythe or sickle. FAMILY (_familia_, household establishment, < _famulus_, a servant), a systematic group in a scientific classification embracing a greater or less number of genera which agree in certain characters not shared by others of the same order. FARC´TATE (_farctus_, < _farcio_, to stuff), stuffed; without vacuities; opposed to fistulose. FARINA´CEOUS (_farinaceus_, < _farina_, meal), mealy. FAR´INOSE (_farinosus_, mealy), covered with a white mealy powder. FAS´CIA (_fascis_, a bundle), a band or bar. FAS´CIATE, FAS´CIATED (_fascia_, a band or girth), having broad parallel bands or stripes; banded or compacted together; exhibiting fasciation. FASCIA´TION (_fascia_, a band), the act or manner of binding with fasciæ, a monstrous flattened expansion of the stem; condition of being bound or compacted together. FAS´CICLE, FASCIC´ULUS (_fasciculus_, a small bundle; packet, etc.), a close cluster; a small bundle. FASCIC´ULATE (_fasciculus_, a small bundle), growing in small bundles or fascicles. FASTIG´IATE (_fastigiatus_, sloping, < _fastigium_, the top of a gable, slope), with branches erect and close together; sloping upward to a summit, point or edge. FAVOSE´ (_favosus_, < _favus_, a honey-comb), honey-combed; resembling a honey-comb. FAWN-COLOR (_cervinus_, _cervineus_), a light warm-brown color. FERRU´GINEOUS, FERRU´GINOUS (_ferrugineus_), rust-red or the color of iron rust. FI´BRILLAR, FI´BRILLATE, FI´BRILLOSE, FI´BRILLOUS (_fibrilla_, a fiber), appearing to be covered or composed of minute fibers. FI´BROUS (_fibrosus_, < _fibra_, a fiber), clothed with small fibers. FI´BROUS-MYCE´LIUM, FIBRILLOSE-MYCELIUM, elongated branching mycelial strands, formed by the union of hyphæ. FIG´URATE (_figuratus_, pp. _figuare_, < _figura_, a form, shape), of a certain determinate form or shape. FIL´AMENT (_filum_, thread), a separate fiber or fibril of any animal or vegetable tissue, as a filament of silk, wool, etc. FILAMEN´TOUS, like a thread; composed of threads or filaments. FILAMEN´TOUS-MYCE´LIUM, FLOC´COSE-MYCE´LIUM, mycelium of free hyphæ which are at most loosely interwoven, but without forming bodies of definite shape and outline. FIL´ACEOUS, FIL´IFORM (_filum_, a thread, + aceous), like a thread or filament. FIM´BRIATE, FIM´BRIATED (_fimbriatus_, < _fimbriæ_, a fringe), fringed; cut jaggedly. FIS´SILE (_fissilis_, cleft, < _fissus_, pp. _findere_, split), capable of being split, cleft or divided in layers. FIS´SURED (_fissura_, a cleft, chink, fissure), cleft or split. FIS´TULAR, FIS´TULOSE (_fistularis_, like a pipe, < _fistula_, a pipe), tubular, hollow in the center like a pipe. FIXED, said of lamellæ or spines not readily detached from the underlying tissue. FLABEL´LATE, FLABEL´LIFORM (_flabellum_, a fan), fan-shaped. FLAC´CID (_flaccidus_, flabby, pendulous), soft and limber; flabby; without firmness or elasticity. FLAVES´CENT (_flavescens_, ppr. _flavescere_, become yellow, < _flavus_, yellow), yellowish or turning yellow. FLA´VOUS (_flavus_, golden-yellow, reddish-yellow), yellow. FLESH, inner substance of a fungus-body as distinguished from the cortical and hymenial layers. FLESH-COLOR (_carneus_, _incarnatus_), a pinkish-color like that observable in the cheeks of a person of fair complexion; carnation. FLESH´Y, succulent; composed of juicy cellular tissue. FLEX´UOSE, FLEX´UOUS (_flexuosus_, < _flexus_, a bending, winding), wavy. FLOC´CI (pl. of FLOC´CUS) (_floccus_, a lock of wool), woolly locks. FLOC´COSE (_floccosus_, < _floccus_, a lock of wool), downy, woolly; composed of or bearing flocci. FLOC´CULOSE (_flocculosus_, < _flocculus_, dim. of _floccus_, a lock of wool), covered with flocci; composed of or bearing minute flocci. FOLIA´CEOUS (_foliaceus_, leafy, of leaves, < _folium_, a leaf), leaf-like; bearing leaves. FO´VEATE (_foveatus_, < _fovea_, a small pit, pitfall), marked with pits or depressions. FOV´EOLATE (_foveolatus_, < _foveola_, dim. of _fovea_, a small pit), marked with minute pits or depressions. FREE, said of gills which are not attached to the stem; said of any part not attached to another; of spores not inclosed in a special envelope. FRILL, same as ARMILLA. FRONT, same as ANTERIOR. FRINGE (_fimbria_, a border), a lacerated, marginal membrane. FRUC´TIFICATION (_fructificare_, bear fruit), reproducing power of a plant; fruiting; also the organs concerned. FUGA´CIOUS (_fugar_, < _fugere_, flee), fleeting, transitory; falling or fading early. FU´GITIVE (_fugitivus_, fleeing away; a fugitive), quickly disappearing; evanescent. FULIGIN´EOUS, FULIG´INOUS (_fuliginosus_), sooty-brown or dark smoke-color. FULVES´CENT (_fulvescens_), inclining to a fulvous color. FUL’VOUS (_fulvus_), a rather indefinite brownish-yellow or yellowish-brown tint, like tanned leather; tawny. FU´MOSE, FU´MOUS (_fumosus_, full of smoke, < _fumus_, smoke, steam), smoke-colored, fuliginous. FUN´GOID (_fungus_, mushroom, + _Gr_—form), of, or pertaining to fungi. FUNGOL´OGY (_fungus_, mushroom, + _Gr_—speak), mycology. FUN´GUS (pl. FUN´GI) (_fungus_, a mushroom), a thallophyte characterized by the absence of chlorophyl and deriving its sustenance from living or dead organic matter. FUNIC´ULAR (_funiculus_, a small cord), having the character of a funicle or small cord. FUNIC´ULATE (_funiculus_, a small cord), having a funicle. FUNIC´ULUS (_L._—a small rope), in Nidulariaceæ the cord of hyphæ attaching a peridiolum to the inner wall of the peridium. FUR´CATE (_furcatus_, < _furca_, a fork), forked. FURFURA´CEOUS (_furfuraceus_, < _furfur_, bran), with branny scales or scurf. FUSCES´CENT (_fuscus_, dark, dusky, + escent), somewhat fuscous. FUS´COUS (_fuscus_, dusky), brownish in color; brown or brown tinged with gray; dingy, not pure. FU´SIFORM, FU´SOID (_fusus_, a spindle; _forma_, form), spindle-shaped. GAMOGEN´ESIS (_Gr_—marriage, + generation), sexual reproduction. GAS´TEROMYCE´TES, GAS´TROMYCE´TES (_Gr_—stomach, + mushroom), a group of Basidiomycetes in which the hymenium is enclosed in a sack-like envelope called the peridium. GELAT´INOUS (_gelatinosus_, < _gelatina_, gelatine), jelly-like. GENER´IC (_genus_, race, sort), pertaining to, of the nature of, or forming a mark of a genus; having the rank or classificatory value of a genus. GENET´IC (_Gr_—generation), of or pertaining to origin or mode of production. GE´NUS (pl. GEN´ERA) (_L._—race, birth, origin, kind), a group of species having one or more characteristics in common; the union of several genera presenting the same features constitute a tribe. GIB´BOUS (_gibbus_, hump-backed), in the form of a swelling; of a pileus _e. g._ which is more convex or tumid on one side than the other. GILLS, the plates of an agaric on which the hymenium is situated; the lamellæ. GIL´VOUS, isabelline; color of sole-leather. GLA´BROUS (_glaber_, smooth), smooth, devoid of pubescence; a surface may be glabrous or smooth, and not even, or vice versa. GLAIR (_clarus_, clear), any viscous transparent substance resembling white of an egg. GLANDS, GLAN´DULES (_glans_, an acorn, dim. _glandula_, a gland), moist or sticky dots resembling the glands on the epidermis of phenogams. GLAN´DULAR, bearing glands. GLAUCES´CENT (_glaucescen(t-)s_, < _glaucus_, silvery, gleaming), inclining to glaucous. GLAU´COUS (_glaucus_, silvery, gleaming), covered with a whitish-green bloom or very fine white powder easily rubbed off. Somewhat like that of cabbage. GLE´BA (_gleba_, a clod), in Gastromycetes, spore-bearing tissue composed of chambers lined with the hymenium and enclosed by the sack-like peridium, as in puff-balls, etc.; in phalloids the peridium or volva ruptures and the gleba is carried up on the stem-like or clathrate receptacle. GLO´BOSE, GLOB´ULAR, GLOB´ULOSE (_globosus_, round as a ball), nearly spherical. GLU´TINOSE, _Glu´tinous_ (_glutinosus_, gluey, viscous, < _gluten_, glue), covered with a sticky exudation; viscous; glue-like. GONID´IUM (_Gr_—generation; seed), same as conidium; also preferably applied to the algal element of lichens. GRAN´ULAR, GRAN´ULATE, GRAN´ULOSE (_granula_, dim. of _granum_, grain), covered with or composed of granules. GRAN´ULE (_granula_, dim. of _granum_, grain), a little grain; a fine particle; a sporule found in all cryptogamic plants. GRAY (_griseus_; _cæsius_; _cinereus_; _canus_; _leucophæus_), a color produced by the mixture of black and white. Various shades depending upon varying relative proportions of the components. GREAVED (_greve_, the shin-bone), of a stem clothed like a leg in armor. GREGA´RIOUS (_gregarius_, of a flock), of mushrooms not solitary but growing together in numbers in the same locality; in groups but not in a tufted manner. GRU´MOUS (_grumosus_, < _grumus_, a little heap), clotted; of flesh _e. g._ composed of little clustered grains. GUT´TATE (_guttatus_, < _gutta_, a tear), marked with tear-like spots or drops. GUTT´ULA (pl. GUTTULÆ) (dim. of _gutta_, a drop), a small drop or drop-like particle; the oil-globule in some spores resembling a nucleus. GUTT´ULATE, finely guttate; also, containing or composed of fine drops or drop-like particles; said of spores containing an oily nucleus-like globule or guttula. GYMNOCAR´POUS (_Gr_—naked, _Gr_—fruit), having the hymenium exposed when the spores are maturing. GY´RATE, GY´ROSE (_Gr_—a circle), circling in wavy folds; having folds resembling the convolutions of the brain. HAB´ITAT (_habitat_, it dwells), natural abode of a vegetable species. HAUSTO´RIUM (pl. HAUSTO´RIA) (_haustor_, a drawer, < _haurire_, pp. _haustus_, draw), special branch of filamentous mycelium, which serves as an organ of adhesion and suction. HEMIANGIOCAR´POUS (_hemi_, half, + _Gr_—a vessel, a case), partly angiocarpous as those agarics where the hymenium is at first enclosed by a veil or otherwise and later becomes exposed. HEPAT´IC (_hepaticus_, of the liver), pertaining to the liver, hence liver-colored; brownish-red. HERBIC´OLOUS, growing on herbaceous plants. HETEROGE´NEOUS (_Gr_—one of two), of a structure which is different from adjacent ones. HIBERNAC´ULUM (pl. HIBERNAC´ULA) (winter residence, < _hibernare_, pass the winter), applied to bodies which are the forms in which certain fungi (_e. g._ Typhulæ) pass the winter. HIRSUTE´ (_hirsutus_, rough, shaggy, bristly), hairy with stiff hairs. HIR´TO-VER´RUCOSE, bearing hairs grouped in wart-like masses. HIS´PID (_hispidus_, rough, shaggy, bristly), having strong hairs or bristles; bristly. HOAR´Y, covered with short dense grayish-white hairs; canescent. HOLO-, (_Gr_—entire, complete in all parts), a prefix signifying entire; whole. HOMOGE´NEOUS (_Gr_—one and the same, + kind), similar in structure; of the same character. HOST, the name given to any plant or animal supporting a parasitic fungus. HOMOL´OGOUS (_Gr_—agreeing, correspondent), having the same relative position, proportion, value or structure; having correspondence or likeness. HU´MUS (earth, ground, soil), vegetable mold; woody fiber in a state of decay. HY´ALINE (_Gr_—clear), colorless; transparent; clear like glass. HYGROMET´RIC (_Gr_—wet, moist, + a measure, + ic), readily absorbing and retaining moisture. HYGROPH´ANOUS (_Gr_—moist; _Gr_—to show), of a watery appearance when moist and opaque when dry. HYGROSCOP´IC, having the property of absorbing moisture from the atmosphere; sensitive to moisture. HYME´NIUM (_hymenial_, belonging to the hymenium; _Gr_—a membrane), the fruit-bearing surface; _e. g._ covering intimately each side of the gills of an Agaric. HY´MENOMYCE´TES (_Gr_—a mushroom, + _Gr_—a membrane), a group of Basidiomycetes having the hymenium on the free, exposed surface of the sporophore. HY´MENOPHORE, HYMENOPH´ORUM (_Gr_—a membrane, + to bear), the structure which bears the hymenium; in Agarics _e. g._ the under surface of the pileus to which the gills are attached. HY´PHA (pl. HY´PHÆ), the elementary filament or thread of a fungus; a cylindric thread-like branched body developing by apical growth, and usually becoming transversely septate. HY´PHAL, of or pertaining to the hypha. HYPOCRATER´IFORM (_Gr_—the stand of a crater, + _forma_, form), having the shape of a cylindrical cup the margin of which turns outward; salver-shaped. HYPOGÆ´OUS, HYPOGE´AL, HYPOGE´OUS (_hypogæous_, underground), subterranean; forming below the surface of the ground. HYPOG´ENOUS (_Gr_—under, + produced, + ous), growing on the under surface. HYPOPHYL´LOUS (_foltum_, a leaf, + ous), growing on the under side of a leaf. HYPOTHE´CIUM (_Gr_—under, a case), layer of hyphal tissue immediately beneath a hymenium. IDENTIFICATION, the determination of a genus and species to which a given specimen belongs. IM´BRICATE, IM´BRICATED (_imbricatus_, pp. of _imbricare_, cover with gutter tiles; form like a gutter tile), to lay or lap one over another, like shingles. IMMAR´GINATE (_in_, negative; _marginatus_, marginate), without a well-defined margin. IMMERSED´ (_immersus_, pp. of _immergere_, dip or plunge into), sunk into the matrix; originating beneath the surface of the matrix or of the ground; growing wholly under water. IMPER´FORATE (_in_, not, + _perforatus_, pp. of _perforare_, perforate), without any aperture. INCANES´CENT (_incanescen(t-)s_, ppr. of _incanescere_, become gray or hoary), somewhat or slightly canescent. INCAR´NATE (_in_, in, on, + _caro_ (_carn_), flesh), flesh-colored. INCISED´ (_incisus_, pp. _incindere_, cut into), appearing as if cut into; having marginal slits or notches. INCRAS´SATED (_incrassatus_, pp. of _incrassare_, < _in_, in; _crassare_, make thick), becoming thicker by degrees, swelling or swollen. INCRUS´TING (_incrustare_, cover with a rind or crust, < _in_, on, + _crusta_, a crust), forming a crust-like coating. INDEHIS´CENT, applied to a peridium which does not open spontaneously at maturity; the spores within it becoming freed by its decay. INDIF´FERENT, primitive, homogenous, not developed into parts or organs of different structure or function. INDIG´ENOUS (_indigena_, a native), native of a country. INDIGO BLUE, a dark blue-color like the indigo of commerce. IN´DURATED (_induratus_, pp. of _indurare_, harden, < _in_, in, + _durare_, harden), hardened. INDU´SIUM (_L._—a tunic, < _induere_, put on), in certain phalloids, an appendage or veil hanging from the apex of the stem beneath the pileus. INFE´RIOR (_inferior_, lower), growing below some other part; of the ring of an Agaric which is far down on the stem. INFLA´TED, swollen like a bladder. INFLEXED´ (_inflexus_, pp. _inflexere_, bent), bent inward. INFUNDIB´ULIFORM (_infundibulum_, a funnel; _forma_, form), funnel-shaped. INHIBIT´ION (_inhibitio(n-)_, a restraining, < _inhibere_, restrain), the lowering of the action of a nervous mechanism by nervous impulses reaching it from a connected mechanism. IN´NATE (_innatus_, pp. of _innasci_, < _in_, into; _nascor_, to be born), originating within the substance of the plant or matrix; appearing to be within or blending with the substance of a part. INORGAN´IC, not produced by vital processes; not organic. ISABELLA COLOR (_alutaceus_), a light grayish-cinnamon color, or light buff-brown. INSER´TED (_insertus_, pp. _inserere_, to insert), growing like a graft from its stock; attached to or growing out of some other part. INSITI´TIOUS (_insitio_, an ingrafting, < _inserere_, pp. _insitus_, sow or plant, ingraft), inserted. INTER- (_L._—in the midst, between, among, during), prefix signifying “between” or “among” or “during.” INTER´CALARY, INTER´CALATED (_intercalatus_, pp. of _intercalare_, < _inter_, between, + _calare_, call), interposed; inserted between. INTERCELL´ULAR (_inter_, between, + _cellula_, cellule, + ar), situated between the cells. INTERRUPT´ED, said of any surface or series the continuity of which is broken. INTER´STICES, spaces between any surfaces or things. INTRA- (_intra_, within), prefix signifying “within.” INTRACELL´ULAR, situated within a cell or cells. INTRALAM´ELLAR, situated within or between the plates of the lamellæ (gills). INTRAVENAL (_intra_, within, + _vena_, vein), situated or occurring within veins. INTRODUCED´, applied to plants brought from another country and growing spontaneously. INTUMES´CENT (_intumescens_, ppr. of _intumescere_, swell up), swelling up, becoming tumid. INVAG´INATED (_in_, in, + _vagina_, a sheath), sheathed. IN´VOLUTE (_involutus_, pp. _involvere_, to roll up), rolled inwards. ISABEL´LINE, of the color of soiled linen or sole leather; alutaceous; brownish-yellow, yellowish-gray. LA´BIATE (_labiatus_, lipped, < _labium_, lip), said of an aperture with distinct lip-like borders. LABYRIN´THINE, LABYRIN´THIFORM (_labyrinthus_, labyrinth), characterized by intricate and sinuous lines; like a labyrinth. LAC´CATE (_laccatus_, < _lacca_, lac), as if varnished or covered with a coat like sealing wax. LAC´ERATE, LAC´ERATED, as if torn. LACIN´IATE (_laciniatus_, < _lacinia_, a lappet), divided into flaps; irregularly cut into jagged edges, more regular and larger than fimbriate. LACTES´CENT (_lactescere_, turn to milk), milk-bearing, provided with a milky juice. LACU´NA (pl. LACU´NÆ) (_lacuna_, a pit, hollow, cavity, etc.), a pit or hollow, a gap; a vacancy caused by the admission, loss or obliteration of something necessary to continuity or completeness. LACU´NOSE, LACU´NOUS (_lacunosus_, full of hollows, < _lacuna_, a pit), marked with small hollows, pitted; having or full of lac. LAMEL´LA (pl. LAMEL´LÆ) (_lamella_, a thin piece of metal, wood), a gill or gills of mushrooms, on which the hymenium is extended. LA´NATE (_lanatus_, woolly, < _lana_, wool), woolly; covered with a wool-like pubescence. LAN´CEOLATE (_lanceolatus_, < _lanceola_, a little spear), lance-shaped; tapering to both ends. LAT´ERAL, attached to or by one side. LATERIC´EOUS, LATERIT´IOUS (_latericeus_, _lateritius_, consisting of bricks, < _later_, a brick), brick-colored. LA´TEX (_latex_, liquid; _ferre_, bear), thick milky juice. LATICIF´EROUS (_latex_, liquid, + _ferre_, bear), applied to the tubes containing latex, as in the Lactarii. LAT´TICED, formed by interlacing and crossing lines or columns which leave open spaces between. LAVENDER (_lavendulaceus_), a very pale purplish color, paler and more delicate than lilac. LAX (_laxus_, loose, slack), not compact, limber, flaccid. LEAD-COLOR (_plumbeus_), same as PLUMBEOUS. LEMON-YELLOW (_citreus_, _citrinus_), a very pure light-yellow color, much like gamboge, but purer and richer. LENTIC´ULAR, LEN´TIFORM (_lenticularis_, lentil-shaped, < _lenticula_, a lentil), shaped like a double convex lens; lentil-shaped. LEP´IDOTE (_Gr_—scaly), scurfy with minute scales. LEUCOS´PORÆ (_Gr_—white; _Gr_—seed), a group of fungi having white spores, hence _leucospore_, a white spore; _leucosporous_, having spores of a white color. LEV´IGATE (_levigatus_, pp. of _levigare_, make smooth), having a polished surface. LIG´NATILE (_lignatilis_, < _lignum_, wood), growing on wood. LIG´NEOUS (_ligneus_, wooden), of woody texture. LIG´ULATE (_ligula_, a tongue, strap, etc., + ate), strap-shaped, flattened like a strap. LILAC, LILACEOUS (_lilacinus_, _lilaceus_), a light-purple color, like the flowers of the lilac. LIN´EAR (_linearis_, < _linea_, a line), narrow and straight, slender. LING´UIFORM, LING´ULATE (_lingua_, tongue), tongue-shaped. LIVID (_lividus_, black-and-blue), bluish-black, like the black and blue of a bruise. LOBED, LO´BATE (_Gr_—the lobe of an ear), having divisions which are large and rounded. LOB´ULATE, having small lobes. LOC´ULAR, LOC´ULATE, LOC´ULOSE, LOC´ULOUS (_loculus_, a box, cell), divided by internal partitions into loculi or cells. LOC´ULUS (pl. LOC´ULI), a little chamber or cell. LU´CID (_lucidus_, light, bright, clear), clear, transparent, bright. LU´MEN (_lumen_, a window-light), the internal cavity or spaces in a cell or any tubular organ. LU´RID (_luridus_, pale-yellow, wan, etc.), a color between purple, yellow and gray; livid. LU´TEOUS (_luteus_), yellowish; more or less like buff or clay color. LUTES´CENT (_lutescen(t-)s_, ppr. of _lutescere_, turn to mud, < _lutum_, mud), yellowish. MACRO- (_Gr_—long), in composition “large” or “long.” MAC´ULATE, MAC´ULAR, MAC´ULOSE (_maculatus_, pp. of _maculare_, spot, speckle), spotted. MAM´MIFORM (_mamma_, a breast; _forma_, form), breast-shaped; mastoid; teat-like. MAR´GINAL VEIL, a horizontal membrane extending from the margin of the pileus to the stem; found in Hymenomycetes. MAR´GINATE, having a well-defined border. MAROON (_atro-purpureus_, _atro-coccineus_), a rich brownish-crimson, nearly like the pigment called purple madder; claret color. MA´TRIX (_matrix_, a womb), the substance upon or in which a fungus grows. MAUVE (_malvaceus_, _malvinus_), a light tint of violet. (Aniline violet + white.) MEDIAL (_medialis_, < _medius_, the middle), applied to ring when situated about at the middle of stem. MEDUL´LA (_medulla_, marrow, pith, kernel, < _medius_, middle), pith, marrow, kernel; inner substance as distinguished from outer or cortical layer or layers. MED´ULLARY, composed of or pertaining to a medulla. MEGA- (_Gr_—great, large), prefix signifying “great.” MELANOS´PORÆ (_Gr_—black, —seed), a group of fungi having black spores. MEMBRANA´CEOUS (_membranaceus_, of skin or membrane, < _membrana_, skin, membrane), pertaining to, or of the nature of, skin, membrane; membranaceous; thin, rather soft and pliable. MERIS´MOID (_merisma_, from _Gr_—to divide, + —form), applied to pileus which is subdivided into many smaller pilei; resembling a Merisma; having a branched or laciniate pileus. MES´OPOD (_Gr_—middle, + —foot), plant having a central stem. MICA´CEOUS (_micaceus_, < _mica_, mica), covered with glistening mica-like particles. MI´CRON, MI´KRON, [Greek: m];, microscopic unit of measure; 1⁄1000 of a millimeter; nearly .00004 inch; to convert inches to microns, approximately, divide by .00004; represented by the Greek letter [Greek: m], following the number. MILLIMETER, MM. (_mille_, a thousand, + meter), the thousandth part of a meter, equal to 0.03937 inch or nearly, 1⁄25 inch. It is denoted by mm., as 25.4 mm. is 1 inch. MIN´IATE (_miniatus_, pp. of _miniare_, color with red lead, < _minium_, red lead), vermilion-colored; of a bright, vivid red color. MI´TRATE, MIT´RIFORM (_mitra_, a miter), miter-shaped, bonnet-shaped. MOLD, MOULD, fine soft earth; a general term to describe certain fungus growths of a low type. MONIL´IFORM (_monile_, necklace; _forma_, form), contracted at intervals in the length like a string of beads. MONOS´TICHOUS (_Gr_—single, + —a line), arranged in one row. MON´STROUS, of unnatural formation; deviating greatly from the natural form or structure (has no reference to size). MORPHOLOG´IC, MORPHOLOG´ICAL, of or pertaining to morphology. MORPHOL´OGY (_Gr_—form, + —speak), the science of organic form; the science of of outer form and internal structure. MOTHER-CELL, a cell from which another is derived. MOUSE-GRAY (_murino-griseus_; _murinus_). (Lamp-black + white + sepia.) MOV´ABLE, applied to a ring which has separated from the stem and can be moved up and down. MUCED´INOUS (_mucedo_, mucus), having the character of or resembling mold or mildew. MU´CID (_mucidus_, moldy, < _mucere_, be moldy or musty, < _mucus_, mucus), musty, moldy, slimy. MUCILAG´INOUS (_mucilago_, a moldy, musty juice, + ous), slimy, ropy, slightly viscid, soft, moist. MU´COUS (_mucosus_, slimy, < _mucus_, slime), pertaining to mucus, or resembling it; slimy, ropy, lubricous. MU´CRO (_L._—a sharp point, esp. of a sword), a short and abrupt point of a leaf or other organ. MU´CRONATE (_mucronatus_, pointed, < _mucro_, a sharp point), tipped with an abrupt, sharp short point. MULTI- (_multus_, much, many), in composition “many.” MUL´TIFID (_multifidus_, many-cleft), having many divisions. MULTIPAR´TITE (_multipartitus_, much divided), divided into many parts. MULTISEP´TATE (as if _multiseptatus_, < _multus_, many, + _septum_, a partition), divided by many partitions. MU´RICATE (_muricatus_, pointed), rough with short hard points. MURIC´ULATE (_muriculatus_, dim. of _muricatus_, pointed), finely muricate. MU´RIFORM (_murus_, wall, + _forma_, shape), resembling the arrangement of the bricks in the walls of a house; said of spores having septa at right angles to each other. MU´RINE, MU´RINOUS (_murinus_, of a mouse), mouse-colored. MUSH´ROOM, a cryptogamic plant of the class fungi: applied in a general sense to almost any of the larger, conspicuous fungi, such as toadstools, puff-balls, hydnei, etc., but more particularly to the agaricoid fungi and especially to the edible forms. MU´TUALISM, symbiosis of two organisms living together and mutually helping and supporting each other. MYC, MYCET, MYCETO, MYCO, prefix signifying “fungus.” MYCE´LIAL, of or pertaining to mycelium. MYCE´LIUM (_Gr_—a fungus, + an excrescence), spawn of fungi resulting from the germination of spores; in agarics _e. g._ forming root-like threads; the weft of threads from which the mushroom arises. MYCE´LIOID, like mycelium. MYC´ELOID, like a fungus. MYCETOL´OGY (_Gr_—a fungus, + —speak), mycology. MYCOLOG´ICAL, relating to fungi. MYCOL´OGIST, one who is versed in mycology. MYCOL´OGY (_Gr_—a fungus, + —speak), the science of fungi, their structure, classification, etc. MYCOPH´AGIST, one who eats fungi. MYCOPH´AGY (_Gr_—a fungus, + —eat), the eating of fungi. NA´KED, bare; without covering of any kind, as of an enveloping membrane, pruinose, farinaceous or furfuraceous particles, tomentum, fragments of volva or veil, etc. NAP´IFORM (_napus_, a turnip, + _forma_, form), turnip-shaped. NARROW, of a very slight vertical width. NAS´CENT (_nascen(t)s_, ppr. of _nasci_, be born), in the earliest rudimentary condition; beginning to exist or to grow. NAT´URALIZED, said of a plant of foreign origin which thrives as if indigenous. NAVIC´ULAR, NAVICULOID (_navicula_, a small ship or boat), boat-shaped; scaphoid. NETTED, covered with projecting, reticulated lines. NIGRES´CENT, NIG´RICANT (_nigrescen(t-)s_, ppr. of _nigrescere_, become black, grow dark), becoming black, also blackish, dusky, fuscous. NIT´ID, NIT´IDUS (_nitidus_, shining, bright, < _nitere_, to shine), lustrous, shining, polished. NI´VEOUS (_niveus_, snowy, < _nix_, snow), snow-white. NOD´ULE (_nodulus_, a little knot, dim. of _nodus_, a knot), a little knot or lump. NOD´ULOSE, NOD´ULOUS (_nodulosus_, < _nodulus_, a little knot), having little swellings, knotty. NON-, not; prefix giving a negative sense to words. NU´CLEATE, NU´CLEATED (_nucleatus_, having a kernel), having a nucleus or nuclei. NUCLE´OLUS (pl. NUCLEI) (_nucleolus_, dim. of _nucleus_, a little nut), sharply defined point often seen in the nucleus. NU´CLEUS (pl. NU´CLEI) (_nucleus_, a little nut, kernel, stone of a fruit); the central, highly differentiated mass of protoplasm in a spore or other cells of a fungus, controlling cell division and reproduction, functionally the most important portion of a cell, for in it the process of cell division begins; sometimes improperly applied to the oil globules or guttulæ and the vacuoles within some spores. OB-, in composition “inversely.” OBCLA´VATE (as if _obclavatus_, < _ob_, from; _clava_, a club), inversely club-shaped. OBCON´IC, OBCON´ICAL (_ob_; _conus_, a cone), inversely conical. OBCOR´DATE (_ob_; _cordatus_, heart-shaped), like an inverted heart. OBESE´ (_obesus_, fat), stout, plump. OB´LIGATE-PARASITE, can only grow as a parasite; see facultative parasite. OB´LIGATE-SAPROPHYTE, can only grow as a saprophyte. See FACULTATIVE SAPROPHYTE. OB´LONG, two or three times longer than broad, with nearly parallel sides. OBO´VATE, inversely ovate, having the broad end upward or toward the apex. OBPYR´IFORM (_ob_ + _pyriform_, pear-shaped), inversely pear-shaped. OB´SOLETE, indistinct, very imperfectly developed; hardly perceptible. OBTUSE´, blunt or rounded. OCHRA´CEOUS, O´CHEROUS, O´CHREOUS, O´CHROID, O´CHRY, O´CHROUS, O´CHERY (_ochre_, ocher, + aceous), ocher-yellow; brownish-yellow. OCHRA´CEOUS-RUFOUS (_ochraceo-rufus_). (Yellow ocher + burnt sienna + light red.) OCHRE YELLOW (_ochraceo-flavus_). The color of the pigment called yellow ocher. OCHROS´PORÆ (_Gr_—pale yellow), a group of fungi having ocher or brown-colored spores. OLEAG´INOUS (_oleum_, oil), oily or oil-like. OLIVA´CEOUS, OLIVE (_olivaceus_, _olivinus_), a greenish-brown color like that of olives (Sepia + light zinnober-green.) OLIVE-BUFF (_olivaceo-luteus_). (Yellow ocher + cobalt-blue + white.) OLIVE-GREEN (_olivaceo-viridis_), a peculiar color, produced by the mixture of yellow and gray, resulting in a tint somewhat between olive and dull yellowish-green. OLIVE-YELLOW (_olivaceo-flavus_). (Light-cadmium + black + white.) OPAQUE´, OPAKE´, mostly used in the sense of dull, not shining. OPER´CULUM (_operculum_, a lid, cover, < _operire_, cover, shut, conceal), a lid-like cover. ORANGE (_aurantius_), a deep reddish-yellow like the rind of an orange. ORANGE-RUFOUS (_aurantio-rufus_). (Neutral-orange or cadmium-orange + light-red.) ORANGE-YELLOW (_aurantio-flavus_), a color intermediate between orange and yellow. ORBIC´ULAR (_orbicularis_, < _orbiculus_, a little disk), having the form of an orb; having the shape of a flat body nearly circular in outline. ORDER, the most important unit of classification above the genus. ORGAN´IC, pertaining to either living or dead animal or vegetable organism. OS´MOSE (_osmosis_, thrust, push, impel), the impulse or tendency of fluids to pass through membranes and mix or become diffused through each other. OSMO´SIS (_Gr_—impulsion, pushing), the diffusion of fluids through membranes; see osmose. OSMOT´IC, of or pertaining to or characterized by osmose. OS´TIOLE, OSTI´OLUM (_ostiolum_, a little door), mouth of the perithecium; orifice through which the spores are discharged. O´VATE (_ovatus_, egg-shaped), egg-shaped; having a figure the shape of a longitudinal section of an egg. O´VOID (_ovum_, egg, + _Gr_—form), egg-shaped; used to describe solids. PALES´CENT, inclining to paleness; becoming pallid. PAL´LID, pale, undecided color. PAL´UDINE, PALU´DINOUS, PAL´UDOSE, PALUS´TRINE (_palus_ (_palud-_), a swamp), growing in marshes or swamps. PAPIL´IONA´CEOUS (_papilio(n-)_, butterfly), variegated; mottled; marked with different colors; as the lamellæ of some species of Panæolus mottled with black spores. PAPIL´LA (pl. PAPIL´LÆ) (_papilla_, a nipple, a teat, also a bud, pimple, dim. of _papula_, a pustule), a small nipple-shaped elevation. PAP´ILLATE (_papillatus_, < _papilla_, a nipple), furnished with one or more nipple-like elevations. PAPIL´LIFORM, PAPIL´LÆFORM, shaped like a papilla. PAPYRA´CEOUS (_papyraceus_, < _papyrus_, paper), parchment; resembling the material covering a hornet’s nest; pergamentous. PARAPH´YSIS (pl. PARAPH´YSES) (_Gr_—an off-shoot), slender, thread-like bodies growing with the asci; sterile cells usually club-shaped found with the reproductive cells of some plants. PAR´ASITE (_Gr_—one who eats at another’s table, a guest), a plant growing on or in another living body from which it derives all or part of its nourishment. PARASIT´IC, growing on and deriving support from another plant. PAREN´CHYMA (_Gr_—the peculiar tissue of the lungs, liver, kidney and spleen), the fundamental cellular tissue of plants composed of thin walled, approximately isodiametric cells; absent in fungi. See PSEUDOPARENCHYMA and PROSENCHYMA. PARENCHYM´ATOUS, pertaining to, containing, consisting of or resembling parenchyma. PA´RIES (pl. PARI´ETIES), wall of a cavity or capsule. PARI´ETAL (_parietalis_, belonging to walls, < _paries_ (_pariet-_), a wall), pertaining to or arising from a wall. PAR´TIAL (_partialis_, divisible, solitary, < _pars_, a part), secondary; of a veil clothing the stem and reaching to the edge of the pileus, but not extending beyond it; marginal. PAT´ELLATE (_patella_, a small pan or dish, a plate), shaped like a dish. PATELL´IFORM (_patella_, a pan, dish; _forma_, form), having the shape of a patella or knee pan. PATENT (_paten(t)s_, ppr. _patere_, lie open), spreading, diverging widely. PEA GREEN, a pale, dull green color like the color of green pea pods. PEARL BLUE, a very pale, purplish-blue color. PEARL GRAY (_margaritaceus_), a very pale, delicate, blue-gray color. PEC´TINATE (_pectinatus_, comb-like, pp. _pectinare_, < _pecten_, a comb), with narrow teeth, arranged as in a comb. PED´ICEL (_pediculus_, a little foot), foot stalk; any short, very small, stem-like stalk. PED´ICELLATE (_pedicellus_, dim. of _pediculus_, a little foot), having a pedicel or little foot stalk. PEL´LICLE (_pellicula_, a small skin, dim. of _pellis_, skin), a little or thin skin, a cuticle; same as cortical layer and cuticle. PELLIC´ULOSE (_pelliculosus_, < _pellicula_, dim. of _pellis_, skin), furnished with a pellicle or distinct skin. PELLU´CID (_pellucidus_, _perlucidus_, transparent, < _pellucere_, _perlucere_, shine through, be transparent), admitting the passage of light, transparent, translucent. PEL´TATE (_peltatus_, armed with a light shield, < _pelta_, a light shield), formed like a shield and fixed to the stalk by the center, or by some point distinctly within the margin. PEN´CILED (_pencillum_, a painter’s brush), marked with fine lines; with pencil-like hairs either on the tip or border. PEN´DULOUS, hanging down. PEN´ICILLATE (_penicillus_, a pencil), pencil-shaped; having a tuft of short hairs resembling a camel’s-hair brush. PEREN´NIAL (_perennis_, lasting the year through, < _per_, through, + _annus_, year), continuing growth from year to year. PERGAME´NEOUS (_pergamena_, parchment, + eous), like parchment. PERICLI´NAL (_Gr_—sloping on all sides + al), said of wall cells or any lines when parallel with the outer surface. PERIDI´OLUM (dim. of peridium), a secondary or interior peridium containing a hymenium. PERID´IUM (pl. PERID´IA) (_Gr_—a pouch, wallet), the outer enveloping coat of the sporophore in angiocarpous fungi, as in puff-balls. PERIPH´ERAL, of, belonging to or situated on the periphery. PERIPH´ERY (_peripheria_, the line around a circle, circumference, part of a circle), the exterior surface of any body. PER´ISTOME (_peristomium_, around a mouth), toothed or variously shaped ring around the mouth or orifice for discharge of spores in a peridium. PERITHE´CIUM (pl. PERITHE´CIA) (_Gr_—a lid), cup-shaped ascocarp with the margin incurved so as to form a narrow, mouthed cavity; the case or hollow shell which contains the spores. PER´ONATE (_peronatus_, < _pero_, a kind of high boot), sheathed, booted; said of the stem when it has a boot-like or stocking-like covering. PERSIS´TENT, enduring, continuing without withering, decaying or falling off. PER´SONATE (_personatus_, masked, < _persona_, mask), masked or disguised in any way. PER´VIOUS (_pervius_, passable; < _per_, through; _via_, a way), having an open tube-like passage. PEZI´ZOID, resembling a Peziza. PI´LEATE (_pileatus_, capped, bonneted), having a cap or pileus. PILE´OLUS (pl. PILEOLI) (_pileolus_, dim. of _pileus_, a hat), secondary pileus, arising from the division of a primary pileus; a little pileus. PI´LEUS (pl. PI´LEI) (_pileus_, a hat), a part of the receptacle of a fungus, _e. g._ the cap-like heads of agarics; it may be stipitate, sessile, dimidiate, regular or irregular in form. PILIF´EROUS, PILIG´EROUS, PI´LOSE, PI´LOUS (_pilus_, hair, + _ferre_, bear), covered with hair, especially with fine or soft hair. PI´LOSE (_pilosus_, < _pilus_, a hair), covered with hairs; furry. PINK (_caryophyllaceus_), a dilute, rose-red color. PINKISH-BUFF (_caryophyllaceo-luteus_). (Yellow-ocher + light-red + white.) PINKISH-VINACEOUS (_caryophyllaceo-vinaceus_). (Indian-red + white.) PIP-SHAPED, the shape of an apple seed. PI´SIFORM (_pisum_, a pea, + _forma_, form), pea-shaped. PITH (pit, marrow, kernel), central stuffing in some stems. PITS (_puteus_, a well, a pit), depressions in tubes or cells resembling pores; applied also to hollow depressions in the surface of the cap of the Morell. PIT´TED, covered with pits or small depressions. PLACEN´TIFORM (_placenta_, placenta, + _forma_, form), in the form of a thickened circular disk depressed in the middle, both above and below. PLANE, having a flat surface. PLI´CATE (_plicatus_, fold, bend), folded like a fan; plaited. PLUM´BEOUS (_plumbeus_), a deep, bluish-gray color like tarnished lead; lead-color. (Lamp-black + intense blue + white.) PLU´MOSE, PLU´MOUS (_plumosus_, full of feathers or down), feathery or feathered. PLURI-, prefixed has the significance of “many.” PNEUMOGAS´TRIC (_Gr_—lung, + —stomach), pertaining to the lungs and stomach, or to the functions of respiration and digestion; in anatomy noting several nervous structures. POC´ULIFORM (_poculum_, cup, + _forma_, form), cup-shaped. POLY-, a prefix meaning “many.” POLYG´ONAL, having many angles. POLYMOR´PHISM, POL´YMORPHY, existence in or exhibition by the same species or group of different types of structure. POLYMOR´PHOUS (_Gr_—multiform, manifold), varying much in appearance, form or structure in the same species or group; characterized by polymorphism. POLYS´TICHOUS (_Gr_—many, +—row, line), arranged in many rows. PORE (_porus_, a pore), in Pyrenomycetes same as ostiole; in Hymenomycetes same as tubulus or tube, as the tubules of Polypores; also the mouth of a tubulus. PO´RIFORM (_porus_, a pore; _forma_, form), in the form of pores. PO´ROSE, PO´ROUS (_porosus_, < _porus_, a pore), furnished with pores or tubules; pierced with small holes. PORPHYROS´PORE (_Gr_—purple, +—seed), a group of fungi having purple spores. PORRECT´ (_porrectus_, pp. of _porrigere_, stretch out before, reach out, extend, < _por_, forth, + _regere_, stretch, direct), extended forward; stretched forth horizontally. POSTE´RIOR (_posterior_, compar. of _posterus_, coming after, etc.), denotes a position or under side of the pileus adjacent to the stem; the end of a lamella next the stem is the posterior end. PREMORSE´ (_premorsus_, pp. of _premordere_, bite in front or at the end), having the apex irregularly truncate as if bitten or broken off. PRIMOR´DIAL (_primordium_, pl. _primordia_, origin, beginning), first formed; existing from the beginning. PRIMOR´DIUM (_L._—commonly in pl. _primordia_, the beginnings, < _primus_, first, + _ordiri_, begin), first beginning of any structure. PRIMROSE-YELLOW (_primulaceo-flavus_), a very delicate pale-yellow, of a more creamy tint than sulphur-yellow. (Pale cadmium + white.) PROC´ESS, an outgrowth or projection from a surface. PROCUM´BENT (_procumben(t-)s_, ppr. of _procumbere_, fall forward or prostrate, < _pro_, forward, + _cumbere_, _cubare_, lie), prostrate; unable to support itself, therefore lying on the ground. PROJEC´TING, the anterior end jutting out beyond the margin. PROLIF´EROUS (_proles_, offspring; _fero_, to bear), applied to an organ which gives rise to secondary ones of the same kind. PRO´TEAN (_Gr_—the name of a sea-god), exceedingly variable; changeable in form. PRO´TEID, albuminoid. PROTO- (_Gr_—first), an element in compound words of Greek origin meaning “first” and denoting precedence in time, rank and degree. PROTOBASID´IUM, basidium divided by transverse septa into four cells, each giving rise to a spore from a laterally inserted sterigma, or a basidium divided longitudinally by septa intersecting each other at right angles into four cells terminating in a long, tubular sterigma. =Pro´toplasm= (_Gr_—first, + anything formed or molded), the nitrogenous fluid of variable composition found in living cells; it is the vital substance into which all food is assimilated, and from which all parts of the plant are formed. PROX´IMAL (_proximus_, nearest), pertaining to the base or extremity of attachment. PRU´INATE, PRU´INOSE (as if _pruinatus_, _pruina_, hoar-frost), covered with a bloom or powder so as to appear as if frosted. PRUN´IFORM (_prunum_, a plum; _forma_, form), plum-shaped. PSEUDO (_Gr_—false, counterfeit, etc.), prefix signifying “false” or “spurious.” PSEUDO-PAREN´CHYMA, a fungus tissue formed of closely woven and felted hyphal threads, which on section has the appearance of the cellular structure of true parenchyma. PUBES´CENCE (pubescen(t-) + ce), general term to describe hairyness; specifically covered with short, soft, downy hairs. PUBES´CENT (_pubes_, of mature age), covered with soft, short hairs, downy; hairy. PULLULA´TION (_pullulare_, pp. _pullulatus_, pullulate), a mode of cell multiplication in which a cell forms a protuberance on one side which enlarges to size of parent cell and is cut-off from it by a dividing wall; sprouting; budding. PULVERA´CEOUS, PULVER´ULENT (_pulvis_ (_pulver_), dust, powder), covered as if with powder or dust. PUL´VINATE (_pulvinatus_, < _pulvinus_, a cushion), cushion-shaped. PUNC´TATE (_punctatus_, < _punctus_, a point), dotted with points. PUNC´TIFORM (_punctum_, point; _forma_, form), like a point or dot. PUS´TULAR, PUS´TULATE (_pustulatus_, pp. of _pustulare_, to blister, < _pustula_, a blister, pimple), having low elevations shaped like blisters or pustules. PUTRES´CENT, soon decaying. PYR´IFORM (_pyrum_, a pear; _forma_, form), pear-shaped. QUAD-, QUADRI- (_quadru_, four-cornered, square, fourfold, < _quattuor_, four), prefix signifying “four.” QUAD´RATE (_quadratus_, square, pp. of _quadrare_, make four-cornered, square, < _quadra_, a square), square; sometimes used to mean “of four equal parts.” QUATER´NATE (_quaternatus_, < _quaterni_, four each), arranged in groups of four. RA´DIATE, RA´DIATING (_radiatus_, pp. of _radiare_, furnish with spokes, give out rays, shine), arranged like the spokes of a wheel. RAD´ICATING (_radicatus_, pp. of _radicare_, take root), rooting; having root-like strands which penetrate the matrix. RAD´ICLE (_radicula_, dim. of _radix_, a root), a rootlet. RA´MEAL, RA´MEOUS (_rameus_, a branch), growing on twigs or branches. RAMIC´ULOUS, growing on branches. RAM´IFICATION (_ramificare_, ramify), branching, or the manner of branching. RAM´IFY (_ramus_, a branch, + _ficare_, < _facere_, make), to form branches. RA´MOSE, RA´MOUS (_ramosus_, full of branches), having many small branches. RECEP´TACLE, RECEPTAC´ULUM (_receptaculum_, place to receive things in), a part of the mushroom extremely varied in form, consistency and size, enclosing the organs of reproduction; usually implying a hollowed-out body containing other bodies; same as STROMA; same as SPOROPHORE; in Phalloids the stem, stem and pileus, or the clathrate body which supports the gleba. REFLEXED´, REFLEC´TED (_reflexus_, pp. of _reflectere_, reflect), turned or bent back. REMOTE´ (_remotus_, pp. _removere_, remove), of gills which do not reach the stem, but leave a free space between them and it. REN´IFORM (_ren_, the kidney; _forma_, form), kidney-shaped. REPAND´ (_repandus_, bent backward), bent or turned up or back; having a slightly undulating or sinuous margin. REP´LICATE (_replicatus_, pp. of _replicare_, fold or bend back), folded back upon itself as when the margin of a cup turns outward and downward. RESU´PINATE (_resupinatus_, pp. of _resupinare_, throw on the back), attached to the matrix by the back, the hymenium facing outward; said of fungi spread over the matrix without any stem and with the hymenium upwards. RETIC´ULATE, RE´TIFORM (_reticulatus_, < _reticulum_, a little net), marked with crossed lines like the meshes of a net. REV´OLUTE (_revolutus_, pp. of _revolvere_, revolved), rolled backwards or upwards; of the margin of a pileus _e.g._ the opposite of involute. RHI´ZINES, RHI´ZOIDS (_Gr_—root, +), delicate filiform hyphal branches which serve to attach the sporophore to the substratum and supply nourishment. RI´MOSE, RI´MOUS (_rimosus_, _rima_, a crack), cracked, full of clefts. RHI´ZOMORPHS (_Gr_—root, + _L._—_forma_, form), long, branching or anastomosing, rigid, root-like cords of mycelium with a dark or black exterior, often growing between the bark and timber or about and penetrating the roots of dead and living trees, produced by Agaricus melleus and various other fungi. RHIZOMOR´PHOID (_Gr_—root, + form), root-like in form. RHODOSPO´RÆ (_Gr_—rose, + seed), rose or pink spores. RIM´ULOSE, RIM´ULOUS (_rimula_, a little crack), covered with small cracks. RIND, cortex; bark. RING, a part of the veil adhering in the form of a ring to the stem of an agaric; same as annulus. RI´VOSE (_rivus_, a stream, channel, groove), marked with furrows which do not run in parallel directions. RIV´ULOSE (_rivulosus_, < _rivula_, a little stream), marked with lines like rivulets. ROOT´ING, same as radicating. ROSACEOUS (_rosaceus_, _pallidoroseus_, _caryophyllaceus_), a very pure purplish-pink color, like some varieties of roses. ROSE-RED (_roseus_, _rosaceo-ruber_), the purest possible purplish-red color. ROS´TRATE (_rostratus_, having a beak, hook or crooked point, _rostrum_, a beak), beaked; having a process resembling the beak of a bird. ROTUND´, round or nearly so. RUBES´CENT (_rubescents_, ppr. of _rubescere_, become red, < _rubere_, be red), tending to a red-color. RUBIG´INOUS (_rubiginosus_, < _rubigo_, rust), rust-colored. RUFES´CENT (_rufescere_, to become reddish), tending to rufous or a dull red color. RUF´FLED, very strongly undulate. RU´FOUS (_rufus_), a brownish-red color like the pigment called Venetian-red, light red, Indian-red, red chalk, etc., which represents various shades of rufous. The typical shade is light red. RU´GOSE (_rugosus_, < _ruga_, a wrinkle), wrinkled. RU´GULOSE (_rugula_, dim. of _ruga_, a wrinkle), minutely rugose. RUN´CINATE (_runcina_, a plane), irregularly saw-toothed, the divisions or teeth hooked backward. RUSSET (_russatus_), a bright tawny-brown color with a tinge of rusty. SAB´ULINE, SAB´ULOSE (_sabulum_, sand, + _ine_), growing in sandy places. SAC´CATE (_saccus_, a bag), in the form of a sack or pouch. SAC´CHARINE (_saccharon_, sugar), of or resembling sugar, covered with shining grains like those of sugar. SAC´CULE, SAC´CULUS (_sacculus_, dim. of _saccus_, a bag), a small sack or pouch. SALMON-COLOR (_salmonaceus_) (_carneus_), a color intermediate between flesh color and orange, like the flesh of the salmon. (Saturn red or orange chrome + white.) SANGUIN´EOUS (_sanguineus_, of blood, bloody), blood-colored; of a deep, somewhat brownish-red color; like the color of clotted blood. SAP´ID (_sapidus_, having taste, savory, < _sapere_, have a taste), agreeable to the taste. SAPROG´ENOUS (_Gr_—rotten, + _Gr_—producing), growing in decaying or decomposing animal or vegetable matter. SAP´ROPHYTE (_Gr_—rotten, + _Gr_—a plant), a plant that lives on decaying vegetable or animal matter. SAPROPHYT´IC, living upon and deriving its sustenance from dead organic matter. SCA´BRATE, SCA´BROUS (_scabrosus_, < _scaber_, rough), rough on the surface; rugged. SCALAR´IFORM (_scalaria_, a flight of steps; _forma_, form), in the form of a ladder. SCAPH´OID (_Gr_—like a bowl or boat, + _Gr_—form), boat-shaped. SCA´RIOSE, SCA´RIOUS (_scariosus_, from _scaria_, a thorny shrub), thin, dry, membranaceous; applied to a shriveled membrane. SCIS´SILE (_scissilis_, to cleave), capable of being easily split or cleft; said of gills which can easily be split into two plates. SCLERIT´IC, SCLE´ROID, SCLE´ROSE, SCLE´ROSED (_Gr_—hard, rough, harsh), having a hard texture. SCLERO´TIOID (_Gr_—hard, + resemblance), in the form of a sclerotium; a form assumed by the mycelium of certain fungi. SCLERO´TIUM (pl. SCLEROTIA) (_Gr_—hard), hard, black, compact, mostly tuber-like body, which is the resting stage of certain fungi, as in Peziza tuberosa; it remains dormant for a time and then sends up shoots, which develop into sporophores at the expense of the reserve material. SCROBIC´ULATE (_scrobiculatus_, < _scrobiculus_, dim. of _scrobis_, a trench), marked with small pits; furrowed. SCRUPOSE, rough with small irregular prominences. SCU´TELLATE (_scutellatus_, < _scutella_, a salver, dish), shaped like a plate or platter. SECTION, a cutting, cutting off, excision, amputation, etc. SEMI-, prefix meaning “half” or “partial.” SEP´ARABLE (_separabilis_, that can be separated, < _separare_, separate), capable of being detached. SEP´ARATING, becoming detached, as lamellæ from the stem, or resupinate fungi from the matrix. SE´PIA, a deep, dark-brown color, with a little red in its composition. The pigment called sepia is a carbonaceous matter, prepared from the natural ink of a species of cuttle-fish. SEP´TATE (_septum_, a fence), having partitions. SEP´TUM (pl. SEPTA) (_septum_, a fence), partition. SE´RIATE (_seriatus_, pp. of _seriare_, arrange in a series), arranged in rows. SERIC´EOUS (_sericum_, silk), silky. SER´RATE (_serratus_, saw-shaped), having marginal teeth shaped like saw teeth. SER´RULATE (_serrulatus_, < _serrula_, dim. of _serra_, a saw), minutely serrate. SES´SILE (_sessilis_, < _sessus_, pp. _sedere_, sit), attached by the base; having no stem or support. SE´TA (pl. SE´TÆ) (_seta_, a bristle), a stiff-bristle-like hair. SETA´CEOUS, SETIG´EROUS, SE´TOSE (_seta_, bristle), beset with bristles. SE´TOSE (_setosus_, abounding in bristles), bristly. SET´ULOSE (_setula_ + _ose_), finely setose; covered with setules. SIG´MOID (_Gr_—of the shape of a sigma), said of an elongated spore having the ends bent slightly in opposite directions; S-shaped. SIMPLE, in botany not formed by a union of similar parts or groups of parts; a simple stem or trunk is one not divided at the base. SIN´UATE, SIN´UOSE, SIN´UOUS (_sinuatus_, pp. _sinuare_, < _sinus_, a curve), waved; serpentine; applied to an edge the outline of which is alternately concave and convex; a sinuate lamella has a sudden wave or sinus in its edge near the stem. SI´NUS (_sinus_, the fold of a garment, a curve, hollow), a rounded inward curve between two projecting lobes. SLATE-COLOR (_schistaceus_), a dark gray or blackish gray color, less bluish in tint than plumbeous or lead color. SMOKE-GRAY (_fumidio-canus_). (Black + white + raw umber.) SMOOTH, glabrous; applied to a surface which is destitute of hairs; a surface may be uneven and yet smooth. SOR´DID (_sordidus_, dirty, filthy, mean, < _sordere_, be dirty), of a dingy, dirty hue. SPADIC´EOUS (_spadiceus_, < _spadix_, a palm branch), date-brown, duller and darker than bay-brown. SPATH´ULATE, SPAT´ULATE (_spathula_, dim. of _spatha_, a broad, flat instrument for stirring liquids), shaped like a spathula or spoon; oblong or rounded and flattened at the top with a long, narrow, attenuate base. SPE´CIES, an individual, or collectively those individuals which differ specifically from all other members of a genus and which do not differ from each other except within narrow limits of variability, and which produce by propagation other individuals of the same kind. SPECIF´IC (_species_, kind, + _ficus_, < _facere_, make), of, pertaining to, constituting, peculiar to, characteristic of, designating species or a species; not generic, not of wider application than to a species. SPHAG´NUM (_Gr_—a kind of moss), peat or bog moss. SPHER´ICAL, SPHE´ROID, of the shape of a ball or globe or nearly so. SPIC´ULAR, SPIC´ULATE, SPIC´ULOUS (_spicule_ + ar), covered with spicules. SPIC´ULE (_spicula_, a little sharp point), in Hymenomycetes one of the small projections on the basidia which bear the spores. SPIN´ULE (_spinula_, dim. of _spina_, a thorn), a small spine or prickle. SPORAN´GIOPHORE (sporangium + _Gr_—bear), special mycelial branch bearing a sporangium. SPORAN´GIUM (pl. SPORANGIA) (_spora_, a spore, + _Gr_—vessels), sac producing spores endogenously. SPORE (_Gr_—a sowing, seed time, seed, etc.), the reproductive body of cryptogams analogous to the seed of phenogams; the terms spores, sporidia, sporules and conidia have been applied somewhat indiscriminately to all spore bodies. SPORIDIF´ERA, a class of fungi in which the spores are enclosed in asci. SPORIDIF´EROUS, SPORIDIIF´EROUS (_sporidium_, + _ferre_, bear), bearing sporidia; applied to a fungus of the class Sporidifera. SPORID´IUM (pl. SPORID´IA) (dim. of _Gr_—spore), an ascospore or endospore. See SPORE. SPORIF´ERA, a class of fungi in which the spores are free, naked or soon exposed. SPORIF´EROUS (_spora_, spore + _ferre_, bear), bearing spores; applied to a fungus of the class Sporifera. SPO´ROCARP (_spora_, spore, + _Gr_—fruit), in Ascomycetes the entire fruit, composed of the ascophore and the asci. SPOROG´ENOUS (_spora_, spore, + _Gr_—producing), producing spores. SPO´ROPHORE (_spora_, spore), branch or portion of thallus which bears spores or spore-mother-cells; said to be simple or filamentous when consisting of a single hypha or branch of a hypha; compound, when formed by the cohesion of the ramifications of separate hyphal branches (the common mushroom is a compound sporophore.) SPORT, an animal or plant, or any part of one that varies suddenly or singularly from the normal type of structure, and is usually of transient character or not perpetuated; not so much deformed as “monster.” SPO´RULE, see under SPORE. SQUA´MA (pl. SQUA´MÆ) (_squama_, a scale), a scale or scale-like appendage. SQUA´MOSE, SQUA´MOUS (_squamosus_, < _squama_, a scale), covered with appressed scales; scale-like. SQUAM´ULA, SQUAM´ULE (dim. of _squama_, a scale), a small squama. SQUAM´ULOSE (_squamulosus_, < _squamula_, dim. of _squama_, a scale), covered with small scales. SQUAR´ROSE (_squarrosus_, scaly), rough with scales; roughened with projecting points. STALK, stipe; any stem-like supporting organ. STEL´LATE (_stellatus_, pp. of _stellare_, set or cover with stars, < _stella_, star), star-shaped. STERIG´MA (pl. STERIGMATA) (_Gr_— a prop, support), stalk-like branch of a basidium bearing a spore. STER´ILE, not fertile; producing no spores. STIPE (_L._—a stock, trunk, post, etc.), stalk of a mushroom. STIP´ITATE (_stipitatus_, < _stipes_, a stalk), stemmed, elevated on a stipe. STO´MA (pl. STO´MATA) (_Gr_—the mouth, opening, entrance, out-let, etc.), a mouth or aperture; little orifices in the epidermis of leaves, etc., opening into air cavities or intercellular spaces. STRAIGHT, applied to margin of pileus when not involute. STRAMIN´EOUS (_stramineus_, made of straw, < _stramen_, straw), straw-colored. STRA´TOSE (_stratum_, a layer), arranged in distinct layers or strata. STRA´TUM (pl. STRA´TA) (_L._—coverlet, bed, pavement, etc.), a layer. STRAW-COLOR, STRAW-YELLOW (_stramineus_), a very light impure yellow, like cured straw. STRI´A (pl. STRI´Æ) (_stria_, a channel, furrow, hollow), parallel or radiating lines or markings. STRI´ATE (_striatus_, pp. of _striare_, < _stria_, a channel, flute of a column), marked with striæ. STRI´GOSE (_strigosus_, < _striga_, a swath), rough with stiff hairs. STROBIL´IFORM (_strobilus_ + _forma_, form), resembling a pine cone. STRO´MA (pl. STRO´MATA) (_stroma_, a covering, coverlet), a mass in which another object is imbedded; a compact mass of mycelium in the form of a cushion, crust, club or branched expansion upon or in which perithecia or other organs of fructification are borne. STUFFED, of a stem filled with material of a different texture from its walls. SUB- (sub, under, before, near), prefixed signifies “somewhat,” “almost” or “under.” SU´BERIZED (_suber_, cork, + ized), transformed into suberin or cork. SUB-EROSE´ (_sub_, under, + _erosus_, pp. of _erodere_, gnaw off or away, consume), slightly erose; appearing as if eaten or gnawed on the margin. SU´BEROSE (_suber_, cork), corky. SUBGLE´BA (_sub_, under; _gleba_, a clod), basal portion of the gleba. SUBIC´ULUM (_subiculum_, an under layer), a more or less thin and dense felt of hyphæ covering the matrix; upon its surface is spread the hymenium, or from it arise stalks supporting sporophores. SUBSTRA´TUM (_substratum_, neut. of _substratus_, spread under), sometimes used in the sense of matrix. SUBTERRA´NEAN, under ground. SU´BULATE, SU´BULIFORM (_subulatus_, < _subula_, an awl, < _suere_, sew), awl-shaped. SUC´CULENT (_succulentus_, full of juice, sappy, < _succus_, prop. _sucus_, juice), fleshy, juicy. SUL´CATE (_sulcatus_, pp. _sulcare_, < _sulcus_, a furrow), marked with furrows; grooved. SUL´CUS (pl. SUL´CI) (_sulcus_, a furrow, trench), groove or furrow. SULPHU´REOUS, SULFU´REOUS (_sulfureus_, _sulphureus_, of or like sulphur, < _sulfur_, sulphur), sulphur-colored. SULPHUR YELLOW (_sulphureus_), a very pale pure yellow color, less orange in tint than dilute gamboge or lemon yellow. SUPER-, SUPRA- (_super_, over, above, beyond), prefix meaning “above” in position or degree. SUPERFIC´IAL (_superficialis_, of or pertaining to the surface, situated on or close to the surface. SUPE´RIOR (_superus_, < _super_, above), the upper surface; or applied to a ring when it is near the apex of the stem. SUPRAVENAL (_super_, over, above; _vena_, vein), situated or occurring above veins. SYM´BION, SYM´BIONT (_Gr_—live together with), an organism which lives in a state of symbiosis. SYMBIO´SIS (_Gr_—a living together), the co-existence in more or less mutual interdependence of two different organisms; mutualism; mutual parasitism; commensalism; consortism; with some authors commensalism implies an association less necessary or mutually helpful than symbiosis. SYMBIOT´IC, living in that kind of consociation called symbiosis. SYN´ONYM (_Gr_—a word having the same name with another), a discarded name for a species or genus; either of two or more names for the same species or genus. SYNON´YMOUS, expressing the same idea; equivalent in meaning; having the character of a synonym. TAPE´SIUM (_tapesium_, tapestry, carpet), a carpet or layer of mycelium on which the receptacle is situated. TAWNY (_fulvus_, _fulvescens_, _alutaceus_), the color of tanned leather. (Nearly synonymous with fulvous.) (Neutral orange + raw sienna.) TAWNY OCHRACEOUS (_fulvo-ochraceus_). (Yellow ocher + burnt sienna + raw umber.) TAWNY OLIVE (_fulvo-olivaceus_). (Yellow ocher + raw umber.) TENA´CEOUS (_tenax_ (_tenac-_), holding fast, < _tenere_, hold), tough. TE´RETE (_teret_, round, smooth), cylindrical or nearly so, having a circular, transverse section; top-shaped. TERRES´TRIAL (_terrestris_, of or belonging to the earth + al), growing on the ground. TES´SELATED (_tessellatus_, made of small square stones, checkered + ed), arranged in small squares; checkered or reticulated in a regular manner. TESTA´CEOUS (_testaceus_, consisting of tiles or sherds, < _testa_, tile, shell), same as brick-red. TETAN´IC (_tetanicus_, affected with tetanus), pertaining to or characterized by tetanus; tetanic spasm; tonic spasm of the voluntary muscles as seen in tetanus, strychnic poisoning, etc. TETRA- (_quatuor_, four), prefix signifying “four.” TET´RASPORE (_Gr_—four, + seed), four spores forming one. THALA´MIUM (_Gr_—inner chamber, bedroom, bed), synonym for hymenium. THAL´LOGEN (_Gr_—a young shoot, + _Gr_—producing), same as thallophyte. THAL´LOPHYTE (_Gr_—a young shoot, + _Gr_—a plant), one of the so-called “lower cryptogams,” plants in which the vegetative body usually consists of a thallus. THAL´LUS (_Gr_—a young shoot or twig), a vegetative body which is not differentiated into a true root, stem and leaf, has no true vessels or woody fiber; in fungi it is the whole body of the plant not serving directly as an organ of reproduction, _i. e._: mycelium, if any, and sporophore but not including the hymenial layer. THE´CA (_Gr_—a case, box, receptacle, + put, place), a sac or case, generally used in the sense of capsule. THE´CASPORE, the spore thus enclosed by the wall of the sac; an ascospore. TIS´SUE (_texere_, weave), the cellular fabric out of which plant structures are built up. TOAD´STOOL (toad + stool), a general name applicable to any form of visible fungus; usually applied to fleshy fungi as distinguished from the molds, smuts, etc. Mushroom is a name given to a few species of toadstools known to commerce, and wrongly to other edible species, of which there are many. TOMEN´TOSE, TOMENTOUS (_tomentum_, wool, etc.), densely pubescent with matted wool or tomentum. TOMEN´TUM (_tomentum_, a stuffing of wool, hair, feathers, etc.), a species of pubescence consisting of longish, soft, entangled hairs pressed close to the surface. TORN, said of pores which are superficially rough and jagged as if torn. TO´ROSE, TOR´ULOSE (_torosus_, full of muscle or flesh, < _torus_, a bulging, protuberance), swollen at intervals. TOR´SION (_torquere_, pp. _tortus_, twist, wring), the state of being twisted spirally. TOR´SIVE (_torsus_, pp. _torquere_, twist), spirally twisted. TOR´TUOUS, bending or turning in various directions. TOX´IC (_toxicum_, poison), poisonous. TRA´MA (_trama_, the weft or filling of a web), the substance proceeding from the hymenophore, between the plates of (central in) the gills in Agarics, and between the double membranes of which the dissepiments of the pores are composed in Polyporei; the hyphal plates forming the walls of the chambers of the gleba, in Gasteromycetes. TRANSLU´CENT (_translucen(t)s_, ppr. of _translucere_, shine across or through, < _trans_, over, + _lucere_, shine), transmitting rays of light without being transparent. TRANS´VERSE (_transversus_, lying across), from side to side. TREM´ELLOID, TREM´ELLOSE (_tremo_, to tremble), of a gelatinous or jelly-like consistency; resembling Tremella. TRI- (_tri_, three), prefix signifying “three.” TRI´FID (_trifidus_, < _tres_ (_tri-_) three, + _findere_, cleave), divided half way into three parts by linear sinuses with straight margins; three-cleft. TRIQUET´ROUS (_triquetrus_, three-cornered, triangular), having three acute angles with concave faces; triangular; applied to the vertical radial section of some dimidiate pilei; three-edged. TRUN´CATE (_truncatus_, pp. _truncare_, cut off), ending abruptly as if cut short; cut squarely off. TU´BÆFORM, TU´BIFORM (_tuba_, a tube; _forma_, form), trumpet-shaped, tubular. TUBE, TU´BULE (_tubus_, a pipe, tube), in polypores, tube lined with hymenium; same as pore. TU´BER (_tuber_, a bump, swelling, knob on plant, etc.), fleshy body, usually of a rounded or oblong form, produced on underground stems, as the potato or artichoke; a genus of underground fungi. TU´BERCLE (_tuberculum_, dim. of _tuber_, a swelling), a small, wart-like excrescence; a small swelling. TUBER´CULAR, TUBER´CULATE, TUBER´CULOSE (_tuberculum_, tubercle), having or covered with tubercles; formed like or forming a tubercle. TUBER´CULIFORM (_tuberculum_, tubercle, + _forma_, form), shaped like a tubercle. TU´BEROUS (_tuberosus_, full of lumps or protuberances, < _tuber_, a knob, lump), rounded and swollen; resembling a tuber. TU´BULAR (_tubulus_, a small pipe), hollow and cylindrical. TU´BULUS (pl. TUBULI) (_tubules_, tube), same as tube; pore. TU´MID (_tumidus_, swollen, swelling, < _tumere_, swell), swollen, slightly inflated. TUR´BINATE (_turbinatus_, shaped like a top or cone), top-shaped; shape of an inverted cone. TUR´GID (_turgidus_, swollen, < _turgere_, swell out), thickened as if swollen; distended with liquid. TUR´GOR (_turgere_, swell), the state of being turgid; a state of distension and tension of plant cells and parts by reason of their fullness of liquid. TYPE, a perfect specimen or individual exemplifying the essential characters of the species to which it belongs; the original specimen from which a species was described. TYP´ICAL, agreeing closely with the characters assigned to a group or species. ULIG´INOSE, ULIG´INOUS (_uliginosus_, full of moisture, damp, < _uligo_, moisture, marshiness), growing in marshes or swamps. UL´TIMATE (_ultimatus_, farthest, last, pp. of _ultimare_, come to an end, < _ultimus_, last, finish), farthest, last. UM´BER, UM´BRINOUS (_umbra_, shade, shadow), the color of the pigment called raw umber. UMBIL´ICATE (_umbilicatus_, < _umbilicus_, navel), with a central depression or rounded pit; having a navel-like depression. UMBILI´CUS (_umbilicus_, navel), a navel-like depression. UMBO (boss of a shield), applied to the central elevation of the cap of some mushrooms. UM´BONATE (_umbonatus_, < _umbo_, the boss of a shield), with a central boss-like elevation. UN´CINATE (_uncinatus_, < _uncinus_, a hook), hooked; forming a hook. UN´DULATE, UN´DATE (_undatus_, pp. of _undare_, rise in waves, < _unda_, a wave), having the surface near the margin alternately concave and convex; waved. UNE´QUAL, applied to gills when of unequal lengths; to a stem not of uniform thickness. UNE´VEN, said of surfaces that are irregular, striate, sulcate, etc. UN´GULATE, UN´GULOUS (_ungulatus_, having claws or hoofs, < _ungula_, claw, talon, hoof), hoof-shaped. UNI-, prefix signifying “one.” UNICOL´OROUS (_unicolor_, having one color, + ous), of a uniform color; of the same color. UNISE´RIATE (_unus_, one, + _series_, series), arranged in one row. UNIVER´SAL (_universus_, whole), said of the veil or volva which entirely envelopes the fungus when young. UNSEP´TATE (_un_, not; _septum_, a fence), having no partitions. UR´CEOLATE (_urceolus_, a little pitcher, + ate), shaped like a pitcher with a contracted mouth. U´TERUS (_uterus_, the womb, belly), same as peridium in Gastromycetes. U´TRICLE (_utriculus_, a little leather bag or bottle, etc.), any thin bladder-like or bottle-like body. VAC´UOLATE, VAC´UOLATED (_vacuole_ + ate), provided with vacuoles. VAC´UOLE (_vacuolum_, dim. of _vacuum_, an empty space), a cavity of greater or less size within the protoplasmic mass of active vegetable cells filled with water or cell-sap, as it is called. VAG´INATE (_vagina_, a sheath), furnished with or contained in a sheath; sheathed. VAGUE, indefinite, indistinct. VANDYKE BROWN, a rich deep brown, very similar to burnt umber, but rather less reddish. VA´RIABLE (_variabilis_, changeable, < _variare_, change), said of a species which embraces many individuals which depart more or less from the type of the group. VA´RIEGATED, marked with different colors; mottled; same as PAPILIONACEOUS. VARI´ETY, a subdivision of a species with minor characteristics uniformly varying from the type; an incipient species. VAS´CULAR (_vasculum_, a small vessel), consisting of, relating to or furnished with vessels or ducts. VAUL´TED, arched like the roof of the mouth. VEIL, VE´LUM (_velum_, a veil), a covering of various texture more or less completely enwrapping a fungus; occurring chiefly among the Agaricini; _partial or marginal veil_, a special envelope extending from the margin of the pileus to the stem enclosing the gills; _universal veil or volva_, a special envelope enclosing the entire plant in the young state, either concrete with the cuticle of the pileus as in Lepiota or discrete as in Amanita, ultimately ruptured by the expanding pileus, a membranaceous or fibrous or granulose coating stretched over the mouth of an apothecium or cup soon breaking into fragments. VEINS, swollen wrinkles on the sides of, and at the base between the gills, often connected to form cross partitions, (b) so-called, the rounded, obtuse-edged gills found upon Cantharellus, Craterellus, (c) the vein-like protuberances upon the surface of some fungi. VEL´IFORM, VELAMEN´TOUS (_velum_, covering; _forma_, form), resembling or serving as a veil; of a thin veil-like covering. VE´LUM, veil. VELU´TINE, VELU´TINOUS (_velutum_, velvet, + ine), velvety. VE´NATE, VEINED, VE´NOSE, VE´NOUS (_vena_, vein, artery), intersected by swollen wrinkles below and on the sides. VEN´TRAL (_ventralis_, of or pertaining to the belly, stomach, < _venter_, belly, stomach), applied to the under side of pileus; opposite to “dorsal.” VEN´TRICOSE (_venter_, the belly), swollen in the middle; bellied. VERMIC´ULAR, VERMIC´ULATE (_vermiculus_, a worm), worm-shaped. VERMILION (_cinnabarinus_, _cinnabarino-ruber_), a very fine red color, lighter and less rosy than carmine, and not so pure or rich as scarlet. VER´NAL (_vernalis_, of the spring, vernal, < _ver_, spring), of or pertaining to the spring. VER´NICOSE (_vernix_, varnish), appearing as if varnished. VERRU´CA (pl. VERRU´CÆ) (_verruca_, a wart, steep place or height), wart. VER´RUCOSE (_verrucosus_, full of warts), covered with warts or glandular elevations. VERRU´CIFORM (_verruca_, a wart, + _forma_, form), warty, resembling a wart in appearance. VERRU´CULOSE (_verrucula_, a little eminence, a little wart, dim. of _verruca_, a wart, + ose), minutely verrucose. VER´TEX (_vertex_, vortex (_tic-_), a whirl, eddy, highest point, etc.), the upper extremity. VERTICIL´LATE (_verticillus_, a whirl), whorled. VES´CICLE (_vesicula_, a little blister, a vesicle, dim. of < _vesica_, bladder, blister), a minute bladder-like cell or cavity. VESIC´ULAR, VESI´CULATE, VESIC´ULOSE, VESIC´ULOUS (_vesicula_, vescicle), composed of or like vescicles. VIL´LOSE, VIL´LOUS (_villosus_, < _villus_, a tuft of hair), downy with soft weak hairs. VINA´CEOUS, a brownish-pink or delicate brownish-purple color like wine dregs; a soft, delicate wine-colored pink or purple. VINA´CEOUS-BUFF (_vinaceo-luteus_). (Indian-red + yellow ocher + white.) VINA´CEOUS-CINNAMON (_vinaceo-cinnamomeus_). (Burnt umber + burnt sienna + white.) VINA´CEOUS-PINK (_vinaceo-caryophyllaceus_). (Madder-carmine + light-red + white.) VINA´CEOUS-RU´FOUS (_vinaceo-rufus_). (Indian-red + light-red + white.) VI´NOUS (_vinosus_, < _vinum_, wine), wine-colored; vinaceous. VIOLET, VIOLA´CEOUS, a purplish-blue color, like the petals of a violet. (Aniline-violet or mauve.) VIRES´CENT (_virescere_, grow green, greenish), green or becoming green. VIR´GATE (_virgatus_, < _virga_, a twig, rod), streaked; having an erect, slender shape like a rod. VIRIDES´CENT (_viridescens_, ppr. of _viridescere_, be green, < _viridis_, green), slightly green; greenish. VIS´CID (_viscum_, bird-lime, anything sticky), moist and sticky, glutinous, clammy, adhesive; covered with a shiny liquid which adheres to the fingers when touched. VIS´COSE, VIS´COUS (_viscosus_, < _viscum_, bird-lime), glutinous, clammy, adhesive. VITEL´LINE (_vitellus_, yolk of egg, + ine), egg-yellow color; luteous. VOLUTE´ (_voluta_, a spiral scroll), rolled up in any direction. VOL´VA (_volva_, a wrapper), wrapper; same as universal veil; the name is often applied to that portion of a discrete volva which is left after rupturing, either attached in fragments to, or forming a distinct membranous sheath about, the base of the stem, the peridium in phalloids analogous to the volva in Amanitæ. VOL´VIFORM (_volva_, wrapper, + _forma_, form), having the form of a volva. WART (_verruca_, wart, excrescence), a wart-like excrescence found on the pileus of some mushrooms; the remains of the volva in form of irregular or polygonal excrescences, more or less adherent, numerous and persistent. WAVED, WA´VY. See UNDULATE. WAX-YELLOW (_ceraceus_), a deep but dull yellow, resembling the color of fresh bees' wax. WHORLED, having parts arranged in a circle around an axis; verticillate. WINE-PURPLE (_vinaceo-purpureus_), a clear reddish-purple of a slightly brownish cast. WOOD-BROWN, a light brown color like some varieties of wood. (Raw umber + burnt sienna + white.) YELLOW-OCHER, a bright yellowish-ochraceous or ocher-yellow color. ZO´NATE, ZONED (_zona_, a zone or girdle), marked with concentric bands of color. ZONES (_zona_, a zone or girdle), circular bands of color. INDEX TO GENERA Acetabularia, 268 Agaricus, 331 Aldridgea, 506 Amanita (introduction), Amanita, 2 Amanitopsis, 28 Anellaria, 388 Apyrenium, 527 Armillaria, 52 Astræus, 578 Auricularia, 526 Batarrea, 577 Bolbitius, 302 Boletinus, 396, 398 Boletus, 396, 404 Bovista, 579, 610 Bovistella, 578, 608 Caldesiella, 492 Calocera, 527 Calvatia, 578, 582 Cantharellus, 214 Catastoma, 579, 609 Chitonia, 330 Cladoderris, 507 Clathrus, 571 Claudopus, 266 Clavaria, 511, 513 Clitocybe, 83 Clitopilus, 254 Collybia, 112 Coniophora, 506 Coprinus, 368 Corticium, 507 Cortinarius, 306 Craterellus, 507, 508 Crepidotus, 304 Cyclomyces, 398 Cyphella, 507 Dacryomyces, 527 Dacryopsis, 527 Dædalea, 397 Deconica, 367 Ditiola, 527 Eccilia, 265 Entoloma, 250 Exidia, 526 Exobasidium, 507 Favolus, 398 Fistulina, 397, 477 Flammula, 287 Fomes, 397 Galera, 299 Geaster, 578, 580 Geoglossum, 535, 550 Gomphidius, 392 Grandinia, 493 Guepinia, 527 Gyrocephalus, 527 Gyromitra, 535, 546 Hebeloma, 283 Heliomyces, 228 Helvella, 534, 536 Hexagonia, 398 Hiatula, 132 Hirneola, 526, 528 Hydnum, 492, 494 Hygrophorus, 147 Hymenochæte, 507 Hypholoma, 352 Hypomyces, 561 Inocybe, 281 Irpex, 493, 504 Kneiffia, 493 Laccaria (described), 107 Lactarius, 161 Laterna, 571 Lentinus, 228 Lenzites, 238 Leotia, 535, 540 Lepiota, 33 Leptonia, 263 Lycoperdon, 578, 589 Marasmius, 221 Merulius, 398, 490 Mitremyces, 578 Mitrula, 535, 548 Montagnites, 395 Morchella, 535, 541 Mucronella, 493 Mucronoporus, 397 Mutinus, 570, 575 Mycena, 124 Mycenastrum, 579, 613 Myrisotoma, 577 Næmatelia, 527 Naucoria, 294 Nolanea, 264 Nyctalis, 220 Odontia, 493 Omphalia, 132 Panæolus, 384 Panus, 232 Paxillus, 326 Peniophora, 507 Peziza, 552 Phallus, 570, 571 Phlebia, 493 Pholiota, 269 Pilosace, 348 Pistillaria, 511 Pleurotus, 135 Pluteolus, 282 Pluteus, 243 Polyplocium, 577 Polyporus, 397, 479 Polysaccum, 618 Polystictus, 397 Poria, 397 Porothelium, 493 Psathyra, 367 Psathyrella, 389 Psilocybe, 365 Pterula, 511 Radulum, 493 Russula, 185 Schizophyllum, 238 Scleroderma, 615 Simblum, 571 Sistotrema, 493 Solenia, 507 Soppittiella, 506 Sparassis, 511, 512 Spathularia, 535, 549 Stereum, 507 Strobilomyces, 397, 475 Stropharia, 348 Thelephora, 506 Trametes, 397 Tremella, 527, 529 Tremellodon, 527, 533 Tricholoma, 59 Trogia, 237 Tubaria, 293 Tuberaceæ, 565 Tylostoma, 578, 582 Typhula, 511 Ulocolla, 526 Verpa, 535, 539 Volvaria, 239 Xerotus, 237 INDEX TO SPECIES abortivus (Clitopilus), 257 abortive form (Clitopilus), 257 abrupta (Amanita), 23 abruptus (Agaricus), 343 acervata (Collybia), 122 acetabulum (Peziza), 553 achimenes (Agaricus), 340 acuminatum (Lycoperdon), 607 acutesquamosa (Lepiota), 40 adiposa (Pholiota), 276 admirabilis (Pluteus), 248 var. fuscus (Pluteus), 248 adnata (Amanitopsis), 30 adusta (Russula), 188 æruginosa (Stropharia), 349 æstivalis (Boletus), 449 æstivum (Tuber), 566 affinis (Boletus), 448 var. maculosus, 449 agglutinata (Amanitopsis), 32 aggregatum (Hypholoma), 361 albella (Russula), 194 albellum (Tricholoma), 77 albellus (Boletus), 464 albida (Tremella), 531 albido-tomentosus (Panus), 235 albidum (Hydnum), 499 alboater (Boletus), 460 albo-griseus (Clitopilus), 259 albo-nigrum (Hydnum), 498 albo-violaceus (Cortinarius), 316 album (Tricholoma), 79 albus (Boletus), 415 aliena (Flammula), 288 alliaceus (Marasmius), 227 alligatus (Polyporus), 488 alluvina (Lepiota), 43 alnicola (Flammula), 290 alutacea (Russula), 207 alutaceus (Boletus), 426 alutarius (Boletus), 468 alveolatus (Boletus), 455 Americana (Lepiota), 48 Americanus (Boletus), 413 amethystina (Clavaria), 516 amethystina (Clitocybe), 107 Ananas (Boletus), 473 anax (Polyporus), 482 angusticeps (Morchella), 544 annulatus (Cortinarius), 319 appendiculata (Armillaria), 54 appendiculatum (Hypholoma), 363 var. lanatum, 363 appendiculatus (Boletinus), 400 aquifluus (Lactarius), 176 var. brevissimus, 177 argenteus (Agaricus), 339 armillatus (Cortinarius), 323 arvensis (Agaricus), 341 asper (Cortinarius), 317 aspera (Amanita), 23 asterospermum (Lycoperdon), 594 atomata (Psathyrella), 390 atramentarius (Coprinus), 373 atropurpurea (Russula), 206 atropurpureum (Lycoperdon), 593 var. hirtellum, 593 var. stellare, 593 atro-tomentosus (Paxillus), 329 aurantia (Peziza), 557 aurantiacus (Cantharellus), 216 var. pallidus, 217 aurantio-cinnabarino (Clavaria), 523 aurata (Russula), 206 aurea (Clavaria), 520 var. rufescens, 520 auricula-Judea (Hirneola), 528 auriflammeus (Boletus), 423 auripes (Boletus), 450 auriporus (Boletus), 426 autumnalis (Cortinarius), 319 badia (Peziza), 554 badiceps (Boletus), 436 badius (Boletus), 418 basifurcata (Russula), 205 Berkeleyi (Polyporus), 484 Betula (Boletus), 437 betulinus (Panus), 235 betulinus (Polyporus), 488 bicolor (Boletus), 425 bispora (Morchella), 544 var. truncata, 544 blennius (Lactarius), 165 Boltoni (Bolbitius), 302 bombycina (Volvaria), 240 borealis (Boletinus), 403 borealis (Hygrophorus), 154 botrytes (Clavaria), 515 bovinus (Boletus), 419 bovinus (Mutinus), 575 bovista (Scleroderma), 616 brevipes (Boletus), 416 brevipes (Cantharellus), 219 brevipes (Russula), 189 brevipes (Tricholoma), 81 brevis (Mutinus), 576 brumalis (Clitocybe), 105 brunnea (Gyromitra), 547 butyracea (Collybia), 117 cælata (Calvatia), 585 cærulescens (Cortinarius), 311 Cæsarea (Amanita), 12 cæspitosus (Boletus), 434 cæspitosus (Clitopilus), 261 Californica (Helvella), 537 Californicum (Terfezia), 566 Californicus (Agaricus), 338 calopus (Boletus), 440 calopus (Marasmius), 226 calvescens (Lycoperdon), 605 calycina (Peziza), 560 calyptrata (Amanita), 26 calyptriforme (Lycoperdon), 603 campanella (Omphalia), 134 campanulatus (Panæolus), 386 campester (Agaricus), 332 var. albus, 332 var. griseus, 332 var. praticola, 332 var. umbrinus, 332 var. rufescens, 332 var. villaticus, 333 var. hortensis, 333 var. Buchani, 333 var. elongatus, 333 var. vaporarius, 333 camphoratus (Lactarius), 184 candicans (Clitocybe), 92 candida (Amanita), 20 Candolleanum (Hypholoma), 363 caninus (Mutinus), 575 cantharellus (Craterellus), 508 cantharellus (Hygrophorus), 156 var. flava, 156 var. flavipes, 156 var. flaviceps, 156 var. Rosea, 156 caperata (Pholiota), 270 capnoides (Hypholoma), 356 caput-Medusæ (Hydnum), 502 caput-ursi (Hydnum), 501 carneo-albus (Clitopilus), 258 carneo-grisea (Eccilia), 265 carneus (Irpex), 504 Caroliniana (Gyromitra), 547 castaneus (Boletus), 472 castaneus (Cortinarius), 325 catina (Clitocybe), 104 cavipes (Boletinus), 399 cepæsforme (Lycoperdon), 606 cepæstipes (Lepiota), 46 ceraceus (Hygrophorus), 155 cerodes (Naucoria), 295 cerussata (Clitocybe), 91 cervinus (Pluteus), 243 var. albus, 244 var. albipes, 244 var. viscosus, 244 var. Bullii (Pl. LXI, fig. 2, p. 242), 245 var. petasatus, 246 chamæolentina (Russula), 212 chelidonium (Lactarius), 172 chioneus (Polyporus), 488 chlorinosma (Amanita), 25 chlorocephala (Leotia), 540 chlorophanus (Hygrophorus), 160 chromapes (Boletus), 464 chrysenteroides (Tricholoma), 75 chrysenteron (Boletus), 431 chrysodon (Hygrophorus), 148 var. leucodon, 149 chrysophæus (Pluteus), 249 cibarius (Cantharellus), 215 cinnabarinus (Cortinarius), 320 var. 1, 321 cinnamoneus (Cortinarius), 322 var. semi-sanguineus, 323 cinerea (Clavaria), 517 circinans (Clavaria), 521 circinatus (Pleurotus), 140 circinatus (Polyporus), 480 var. proliferus, 480 circumscissum (Catastoma), 609 citrina (Amanita), 7 citrina (Russula), 203 clavata (Clavaria), 525 clavata (Spathularia), 549 clavatus (Craterellus), 509 clavipes (Clitocybe), 86 Clintonianus (Boletus), 410 clypeatum (Entoloma), 252 coccinea (Peziza), 559 coccineus (Hygrophorus), 156 cochleata (Peziza), 555 cochleatus (Lentinus), 231 collariata (Mycena), 130 collinitus (Boletus), 417 collinitus (Cortinarius), 313 coloratum (Lycoperdon), 607 columbetta (Tricholoma), 68 var. A, 69 var. B, 69 var. C, 69 comatus (Coprinus), 370 var. breviceps, 370 comitialis (Clitocybe), 88 compressipes (Clitocybe), 110 comptulus (Agaricus), 334 conchatus (Panus), 232 confluens (Collybia), 119 confluens (Polyporus), 484 congregatus (Coprinus), 379 conica (Morchella), 543 conicus (Boletus), 466 conicus (Hygrophorus), 160 conissans (Clitopilus), 261 connexa (Clitocybe), 97 constellatum (Lycoperdon), 592 controversus (Lactarius), 164 coralloides (Clavaria), 517 coralloides (Hydnum), 501 cornucopoides (Craterellus), 509 corrugis (Lactarius), 178 coryphæum (Tricholoma), 62 craniiformis (Calvatia), 586 crassipes (Boletus), 452 crassipes (Morchella), 543 crenulata (Amanita), 27 cretaceus (Agaricus), 344 crispa (Helvella), 536 var. alba, 536 var. Grevillei, 536 var. incarnata, 536 var. fulva, 536 crispa (Sparissis), 512 cristata (Clavaria), 518 cristata (Lepiota), 42 cristatus (Polyporus), 484 crustuliniforme (Hebeloma), 286 var. minor, 286 cupricum (Lycoperdon), 594 curtipes (Gyromitra), 547 Curtisii (Boletus), 442 Curtisii (Lycoperdon), (L. Wrightii, var. typicum), 601 cyanescens (Boletus), 471 cyanophæa (Clitocybe), 88 cyanoxantha (Russula), 198 cyathiformis (Calvatia), (L. cyathiforme), 584 cyathiformis (Clitocybe), 104 var. cinerascens, 105 dæmonum (Phallus), 572 daucipes (Amanita), 25 dealbata (Clitocybe), 93 decastes (Clitocybe), 94 deceptivus (Lactarius), 168 decipiens (Boletinus), 401 decolorans (Russula), 205 decorosum (Tricholoma), 67 decorus (Boletus), 450 deformis (Irpex), 505 delica (Russula), 190 delicata (Lepiota), 49 delicatum (Lycoperdon), 595 deliciosa (Morchella), 543 deliciosus (Lactarius), 170 deliquescens (Coprinus), 379 densa (Clavaria), 519 depallens (Russula), 192 dichotoma (Clavaria), 522 dichrous (Boletus), 417 dictyocephalus (Boletus), 428 digitaliformis (Verpa), 539 diminutivus (Agaricus), 335 discolor (Pholiota), 279 var. discolor minor, 280 dispersus (Hypholoma), 358 disseminata (Psathyrella), 391 distans (Cortinarius), 325 distans (Hygrophorus), 154 ditopa (Clitocybe), 109 domesticus (Coprinus), 381 dryinus (Pleurotus), 137 dryophila (Collybia), 120 dubius (Craterellus), 509 duplicatus (Phallus), 572 dura (Pholiota), 271 duriusculus (Boletus), 463 eburneus (Hygrophorus), 149 eccentricus (Boletus), 470 echinatum (Lycoperdon), 591 edulis (Boletus), 445 var. clavipes, 445 edulis, var. clavipes (Boletus), 446 edulis (Flammula), 289 elæodes (Hypholoma), 358 elastica (Helvella), 538 var. alba, 538 elata (Calvatia), 588 Elbensis (Boletus), 408 elegans (Boletus), 409 elegans (Lycoperdon), 596 elegans (Russula), 200 elongatum (Lycoperdon), 596 Elvensis (Agaricus), 338 emetica (Russula), 201 ephemerus (Coprinus), 382 epixanthum (Hypholoma), 357 equestre (Tricholoma), 61 var. pinastreti, 62 erinaceum (Hydnum), 502 erubescens (Hygrophorus), 150 erythrosporus (Clitopilus), 261 esculenta (Collybia), 120 esculenta (Gyromitra), 546 var. crispa, 546 esculenta (Morchella), 542 esculentoides (Collybia), 120 excelsa (Amanita), 17 excipuliforme (Lycoperdon), 599 excoriata (Lepiota), 36 eximium (Lycoperdon), 601 eximius (Boletus), 447 fabaceus (Agaricus), 341 farinaceus (Panus), 235 var. albido-tomentosus, 235 farinosa (Amanitopsis), 31 farinosa (Lepiota), 47 fascicularis (Hypholoma), 357 fastibile (Hebeloma), 284 var. alba, 285 var. elegans, 285 fastigiata (Clavaria), 516 felina (Lepiota), 41 felleus (Boletus), 469 var. obesus, 469 fennicum (Hydnum), 500 ferrugineum (Hydnum), 498 ferrugineus (Boletus), 443 fimbriata (Tremella), 530 fimetarius (Coprinus), 376 var. pullatus, 376 var. cinereus, 377 var. macrorhiza, 377 var. silvicola, 377 fimicola (Panæolus), 385 firma (Hepatica), 477 firmus (Boletus), 457 fistulosus (Boletus), 411 flaccida (Clavaria), 521 flaccida (Clitocybe), 103 flammans (Pholiota), 277 flava (Clavaria), 514 flava (Galera), 301 flavescens (Tricholoma), 67 flavida (Flammula), 291 flavida (Russula), 197 flavidus (Boletus), 413 flavo-brunneum (Tricholoma), 65 flavo-discus (Hygrophorus), 157 flavus (Boletus), 411 flexuosipes (Boletus), 443 floccopus (Strobilomyces), 476 floccosus (Cantharellus), 218 f[oe]doratus (Agaricus), 339 f[oe]tens (Russula), 199 var. granulata, 200 formosa (Clavaria), 520 fragilis (Bolbitius), 303 fragilis (Calvatia), 584 fragilis (Russula), 203 var. nivea, 204 fragrans (Boletus), 451 fragrans (Clitocybe), 110 fraternus (Boletus), 433 Friesii (Lepiota), 39 frondosus (Polyporus), 483 Frostiana (Amanita), 16 Frostii (Boletus), 458 Frostii (Lycoperdon), 591 frumentaceum (Tricholoma), 66 frustulosus (Boletus), 452 fuligineum (Tricholoma), 70 fuligineus (Hygrophorus), 158 fuliginosus (Lactarius), 174 fulvo-tomentosus (Crepidotus), 305 fulvus (Boletus), 465 fumescens (Tricholoma), 72 fumidellum (Tricholoma), 78 fumosa (Clitocybe), 97 var. polius, 97 fumosipes (Boletus), 432 fumosus (Lactarius), 175 furcata (Russula), 191 furfurellus (Cortinarius), 325 fuscescens (Coprinus), 374 fusco-violaceus (Irpex), 505 fusiformis (Clavaria), 523 fuscipes (Clitocybe), 92 fusipes (Collybia), 116 galericulata (Mycena), 127 var. calopus, 128 var. longipes, 128 var. expansus, 128 gallinacea (Clitocybe), 94 gambosum (Tricholoma), 76 gangrænosa (Clitocybe), 86 var. nigrescens, 87 geaster (Scleroderma), 617 gelatinosum (Hydnum), 501 gelatinosum (Tremelledon), 533 gemmatum (Lycoperdon), 598 var. hirtum, 598 var. papillatum, 598 geotropa (Clitocybe), 102 Gerardii (Lactarius), 179 gigantea (Clitocybe), 98 gigantea (Calvatia), 583 giganteus (Polyporus), 485 gilva (Clitocybe), 101 glabellum (Lycoperdon), 595 glabellus (Boletus), 425 gloiocephala (Volvaria), 242 glutinosum (Geoglossum), 550 glutinosum (Hebeloma), 285 glutinosus (Gomphidius), 393 var. roseus, 393 glyciosmus (Lactarius), 175 gracilenta (Lepiota), 37 gracilis (Boletus), 467 var. lævipes, 467 gracilis (Psathyrella), 389 graciloides (Psathyrella), 390 grammopodium (Tricholoma), 80 grande (Entoloma), 251 grande (Tricholoma), 68 granularis (Pluteus), 247 granulatus (Boletus), 416 granulosa (Lepiota), 49 var. rufescens, 49 var. albida, 49 griseus (Boletus), 442 hæmatopa (Mycena), 130 hæmorrhoidarius (Agaricus), 336 hamadryas (Naucoria), 295 hemichrysus (Boletus), 421 var. mutabilis, 422 hepatica (Fistulina), 477 var. monstrosa, 478 Herbstii (Sparassis), 512 Herveyi (Clavaria), 517 heteroclitus (Polyporus), 486 heterophylla (Russula), 199 hiemalis (Calvatia), 585 hirtellus (Boletus), 414 hirtum (Lycoperdon), 592 hispida (Lepiota), 41 holosericea (Lepiota), 44 humile (Tricholoma), 81 hybrida (Flammula), 291 hygrometricus (Geaster), 580 hygrophoroides (Lactarius), 180 hypothejus (Hygrophorus), 151 hysginus (Lactarius), 166 ignoratus (Boletus), 419 illinita (Lepiota), 50 illudens (Boletus), 439 illudens (Clitocybe), 96 imbricatum (Hydnum), 495 imbricatum (Tricholoma), 73 immitis (Polyporus), 487 impolitus (Boletus), 449 impudicus (Phallus), 573 inæqualis (Clavaria), 523 incertum (Hypholoma), 362 indecisus (Boletus), 468 indigo (Lactarius), 171 inflexus (Boletus), 410 infula (Helvella), 538 infundibuliformis (Clitocybe), 100 innixus (Boletus), 427 insulsus (Lactarius), 165 integra (Russula), 204 intrusus (Cortinarius), 310 intumescens (Tremella), 532 intybaceus (Polyporus), 483 inversus (Clitocybe), 103 involutus (Lactarius), 170 involutus (Paxillus), 328 iodes (Cortinarius), 314 Isabellinus (Boletus), 472 laccata (Clitocybe), 107 var. pallidifolia, 107 var. striatula, 107 lachrymabundum (Hypholoma), 361 lactea (Russula), 194 lactifluorum (Hypomyces), 562 lacunosa (Helvella), 537 lævigatum (Hydnum), 495 lævis (Panus), 234 lagopus (Coprinus), 380 var. nemorum, 380 var. viarum, 380 laminosa (Sparassis), 512 latifolia (Mycena), 129 lateritia (Galera), 299 Lecomtei (Lentinus), 229 lenticularis (Amanita), 25 lenticularis (Lepiota), 50 leonis (Terfezia), 566 lepida (Russula), 195 lepideus (Lentinus), 230 lepista (Paxillus), 327 leporina (Peziza), 556 leprosus (Boletus), 448 leptocephalus (Boletus), 451 leucocephalum (Tricholoma), 78 leucomelas (Polyporus), 480 lignatilis (Pleurotus), 140 var. abscondens, 140 lignyotus (Lactarius), 177 var. tenuipes, 177 lilacinus (Cortinarius), 316 limacinus (Hygrophorus), 151 limatulus (Boletus), 450 Linnæi (Russula), 196 lividus (Paxillus), 327 longipes (Collybia), 115 lubrica (Leotia), 540 luridus (Boletus), 455 var. erythropus, 456 lutea (Russula), 211 luteofolia (Pholiota), 277 luteolus (Lactarius), 178 lutescens (Cantharellus), 218 lutescens (Tremella), 530 luteus (Boletus), 412 macropus (Peziza), 553 macrosporus (Coprinus), 374 maculata (Collybia), 116 var. immaculata, 117 maculatus (Polyporus), 486 magna (Flammula), 292 magnificus (Agaricus), 342 magnisporus (Boletus), 458 magnivelaris (Amanita), 10 mappa (Amanita), 10 marginata (Pholiota), 279 Mariæ (Russula), 209 maritimus (Agaricus), 337 mastoidea (Lepiota), 37 mastrucatus (Pleurotus), 146 maxima (Clitocybe), 99 media (Clitocybe), 87 mellea (Armillaria), 55 var. obscura, 56 var. flava, 56 var. glabra, 56 var. radicata, 56 var. bulbosa, 56 var. albida, 56 var. exannulata, 56 var. abortive form, 56 mesenterica (Tremella), 530 metachroa (Clitocybe), 109 metulæspora (Lepiota), 43 micaceus (Coprinus), 378 var. granularis, 378 micropus (Clitopilus), 259 miniato-olivaceus (Boletus), 424 var. sensibilis, 424 miniatus (Hygrophorus), 159 var. lutescens, 159 minor (Bovista), 612 minor (Cantharellus), 216 mitis (Boletus), 418 mitissimus (Lactarius), 181 modestus (Boletus), 442 molle (Lycoperdon), 602 monadelpha (Clitocybe), 89 Montana (Bovista), 611 monticulosa (Amanita), 25 morbifera (Clitocybe), 106 Morgani (Boletus), 437 Morgani (Lepiota), 37 mucida (Armillaria), 58 multiceps (Clitocybe), 95 Murrayi (Boletus), 472 muscaria (Amanita), 14 var. regalis, 14 var. formosa, 14 var. umbrina, 14 var. alba, 15 muscoides (Clavaria), 516 muscorum (Lycoperdon), 602 mussivum (Hebeloma), 283 mutabilis (Boletus), 435 mutabilis (Pholiota), 278 mutabilis (Lactarius), 183 mycetophila (Tremella), 531 nardosmia (Armillaria), 57 naucina (Lepiota), 44 naucinoides (Lepiota), 45 var. squamosa, 45 nauseosa (Russula), 211 nebularis (Clitocybe), 85 nebulosus (Boletus), 465 nidulans (Claudopus), 267 nigrellus (Boletus), 470 nigrescens (Bovista), 611 nigricans (Russula), 187 var. albonigra, 188 nitida (Amanita), 24 nitidus (Hygrophorous), 151 nivalis (Amanitopsis), 29 niveum (Tuckahoe), 565 (Terfezia leonis) niveus (Coprinus), 378 niveus (Hygrophorus), 153 nobilis (Bolbitius), 303 Noveboracensis (Clitopilus), 262 var. brevis, 262 nudum (Tricholoma), 80 obliquus (Irpex), 504 oblongisporum (Lycoperdon), 606 ochracea (Russula), 210 ochraceus (Cortinarius), 319 ochroleuca (Russula), 202 ochrophylla (Russula), 193 ochropurpurea (Clitocybe), 108 odora (Clitocybe), 90 odorata (Peziza), 558 Ohiensis (Bovistella), 608 olivacea (Russula), 197 oniscus (Omphalia), 133 onotica (Peziza), 556 opicum (Tricholoma), 75 orcella (Clitopilus), 256 oreades (Marasmius), 224 Oregonensis (Gomphidius), 393 ornatipes (Boletus), 440 ornella (Pholiota), 278 ostreatus (Pleurotus), 142 var. glandulosus, 143 var. euosmus, 143 ovatus (Coprinus), 372 ovinus (Polyporus), 479 pachyderma (Calvatia), 583 pachypus (Boletus), 441 pædidum (Tricholoma), 82 pallida (Fistulina), 478 pallidus (Boletus), 429 pallidus (Lactarius), 173 paluster (Boletinus), 401 pantherina (Amanita), 17 papilionaceus (Panæolus), 386 parabolica (Mycena), 128 parasiticus (Boletus), 427 parvus (Boletus), 459 pascuensis (Clitopilus), 256 Peckii (Boletus), 440 var. lævipes, 440 pectinata (Russula), 202 pediades (Naucoria), 296 pedicellatum (Lycoperdon), 600 pellitus (Pluteus), 247 penarius (Hygrophorus), 150 pergamenus (Lactarius), 167 perlatum (Lycoperdon), 599 peronatus (Marasmius), 223 perplexum (Hypholoma), 354 personatum (Tricholoma), 79 pessundatum (Tricholoma), 66 petaloides (Pleurotus), 144 phalloides (Amanita), 7 phyllophila (Clitocybe), 91 picaceus (Coprinus), 375 var. ebulbosus, 376 picipes (Polyporus), 481 pictus (Boletinus), 400 pila (Bovista), 610 pinophila (Clitocybe), 110 piperatum (Tricholoma), 76 piperatus (Boletus), 420 piperatus (Lactarius), 168 pisocarpium (Polysaccum), 618 pistillaris (Clavaria), 524 pithyophylla (Clitocybe), 91 placomyces (Agaricus), 345 platyphylla (Collybia), 114 var. repens, 115 platysperma (Naucoria), 297 plicatilis (Coprinus), 383 plumbea (Bovista), 612 plumbeus (Lactarius), 167 Pocono (Boletus), 474 pometi (Pleurotus), 142 ponderosa (Armillaria), 54 popinalis (Clitopilus), 258 poripes (Polyporus), 487 porosus (Boletinus), 402 var. opacus, 402 portentosum (Tricholoma), 64 præcox (Pholiota), 272 var. minor, 272 var. sylvestris, 272 praiicola (Amanita), 24 pratensis (Agaricus), 340 pratensis (Hygrophorus), 152 procera (Lepiota), 35 prolifera (Mycena), 126 prunuloides (Entoloma), 252 prunulus (Clitopilus), 255 abortive form (Pl. LXIII, p. 254), 256 pubescens (Amanitopsis), 32 pubescens (Pleurotus), 141 puellaris (Russula), 208 var. intensior, 208 var. roseipes, 208 pulcherrimum (Lycoperdon), 591 (L. Frostii) pulmonarius (Pleurotus), 146 punctata (Russula), 204 punctipes (Boletus), 415 puniceus (Hygrophorus), 159 purpurascens (Cortinarius), 311 var. subpurpurascens, 312 purpureus (Boletus), 456 purpureus (Hypomyces), 563 purpurina (Russula), 188 pusilla (Amanitopsis), 32 pusilla (Russula), 208 pusillum (Lycoperdon), 605 pyriforme (Lycoperdon), 603 pyxidata (Clavaria), 519 quietus (Lactarius), 173 rachodes (Lepiota), 35 var. puellaris, 36 radicans (Boletus), 435 radicata (Collybia), 113 var. furfuracea, 114 var. pusilla, 114 radicosus (Boletus), 473 Ravenelii (Amanita), 18 Ravenelii (Boletus), 422 Ravenelii (Phallus), 573 recutita (Amanita), 12 repanda (Peziza), 557 repandum (Hydnum), 497 resplendens (Tricholoma), 63 reticulatus (Pluteolus), 282 retipes (Boletus), 441 retirugis (Panæolus), 384 rhodopolium (Entoloma), 253 rhodoxanthus (Gomphidius), 394 rimosellus (Boletus), 442 rimulatum (Lycoperdon), 597 rivulosa (Clitocybe), 90 robusta (Armillaria), 52 var. minor, 53 robusta (Clitocybe), 93 Rodmani (Agaricus), 336 roseipes (Russula), 209 rosellus (Cantharellus), 217 Roxanæ (Boletus), 431 var. auricolor, 431 rubellus (Merulius), 490 rubescens (Amanita), 21 rubeus (Boletus), 432 rubiginosus (Boletus), 443 rubinellus (Boletus), 419 rubra (Russula), 196 rubro-flava (Calvatia), 587 rubropunctus (Boletus), 429 rufescens (Hydnum), 497 rufus (Lactarius), 175 rugosa (Clavaria), 519 rugosa (Mycena), 127 rugulosa (Lepiota), 51 Russelli (Boletus), 436 Russula (Tricholoma), 65 russuloides (Amanita), 18 rutilans (Tricholoma), 69 saccata (Calvatia), 587 salignus (Pleurotus), 143 salmonicolor (Boletus), 409 sanguinea (Russula), 191 sanguineus (Cortinarius), 321 sapidus (Pleurotus), 141 saponaceum (Tricholoma), 74 Satanus (Boletus), 454 scaber (Boletus), 461 var. testaceus, 462 var. aurantiacus, 462 var. alutaceus, 462 var. fuligineus, 462 var. fuscus, 462 var. olivaceus, 462 var. niveus, 462 var. areolatus, 463 var. mutabilis, 463 var. gracilipes, 463 scabrosum (Hydnum), 496 scorodonius (Marasmius), 226 sebaceus (Cortinarius), 308 sejunctum (Tricholoma), 63 semiglobata (Stropharia), 351 semilanatus (Coprinus), 382 semilanceata (Psilocybe), 366 var. cærulescens, 366 semilibera (Morchella), 545 semi-orbicularis (Naucoria), 297 separans (Boletus), 445 separata (Anellaria), 388 septentrionale (Hydnum), 503 serotinus (Boletus), 409 serotinus (Pleurotus), 145 Seymourianus (Clitopilus), 262 sigillata (Calvatia), 585 silvaticus (Agaricus), 334 silvaticus (Coprinus), 381 silvicola (Agaricus), 343 var. abruptus, 343 sinuatum (Entoloma), 251 sinuosus (Craterellus), 510 var. crispus, 510 sinuosus (Polyporus), 489 soboliferus (Coprinus), 371 socialis (Clitocybe), 89 solidipes (Panæolus), 385 solitaria (Amanita), 19 sordida (Russula), 190 sordidus (Boletus), 461 spadicea (Psilocybe), 365 var. hygrophilus, 366 var. polycephalus, 366 spadiceus (Boletus), 434 spathulatus (Pleurotus), 145 speciosa (Volvaria), 242 speciosus (Boletus), 439 spectabilis (Boletus), 408 sphærosporus (Boletus), 411 sphærosporus (Hygrophorus), 155 spinosa (Terfezia), 566 spinulifera (Collybia), 122 spinulosa (Clavaria), 521 spinulosum (Mycenastrum), 613 spissa (Amanita), 22 splendens (Clitocybe), 102 spongiosipes (Hydnum), 500 spreta (Amanita), 11 squamosum (Hydnum), 496 squamosus (Polyporus), 480 squamulosus (Cortinarius), 318 squarrosa (Pholiota), 273 squarrosoides (Pholiota), 274 stercoraria (Stropharia), 350 sterquilinus (Coprinus), 372 stipticus (Panus), 236 strangulata (Amanitopsis), 30 (A. Ceciliæ) striæpes (Boletus), 431 striapes (Naucoria), 296 stricta (Clavaria), 522 var. fumida, 522 strigosus (Panus), 234 strobilaceus (Strobilomyces), 475 strobiliformis (Amanita), 19 subaquilum (Hypholoma), 364 subaureus (Boletus), 414 subdepallens (Russula), 192 subdulcis (Lactarius), 182 var. cinnamomeus, 182 var. rufus, 182 var. badius, 182 subglabripes (Boletus), 428 subincarnatum (Lycoperdon), 604 subinvoluta (Clitocybe), 102 sublateritium (Hypholoma), 359 var. squamosum, 359 subluteus (Boletus), 412 subpalmatus (Pleurotus), 139 subpulverulentum (Tricholoma), 82 subpurpureus (Lactarius), 172 subrufescens (Agaricus), 344 subsanguineus (Boletus), 420 subsquamosum (Hydnum), 496 subsquarrosa (Pholiota), 275 subtilis (Clavaria), 519 subtomentosus (Boletus), 433 subvelutipes (Boletus), 457 subvilis (Clitopilus), 260 subzonalis (Clitocybe), 101 sulcata (Helvella), 537 var. minor, 537 Sullivantii (Boletus), 458 sulphureum (Tricholoma), 74 sulphureus (Polyporus), 485 tabacinus (Boletus), 443 tabularis (Agaricus), 347 Taylori (Volvaria), 241 tenera (Galera), 300 var. pilosella, 300 var. obscurior, 300 tenuiculus (Boletus), 426 terreum (Tricholoma), 71 var. fragrans, 71 terriferum (Tricholoma), 64 tessulatus (Pleurotus), 139 tetragona (Clavaria), 518 theiogalus (Lactarius), 174 tigrinum (Tricholoma), 77 tigrinus (Lentinus), 229 togularis (Pholiota), 271 tomentosus (Coprinus), 377 torminosus (Lactarius), 163 tortilis (Clitocybe), 108 torulosus (Panus), 233 transmutans (Tricholoma), 63 tremellosus (Merulius), 490 trullisata (Clitocybe), 106 truncicola (Clitocybe), 94 tumulosa (Clitocybe), 98 turbinatus (Cortinarius), 312 turmalis (Cortinarius), 309 Turneri (Lycoperdon), 602 turpis (Lactarius), 163 ulmarius (Pleurotus), 138 var. acericola, 138 var. populicola, 138 umbellatus (Polyporus), 482 umbellifera (Omphalia), 133 umbonatus (Cantharellus), 217 umbrosus (Pluteus), 246 Underwoodii (Boletus), 459 Underwoodii (Clitopilus), 260 Underwoodii (Lentinus), 231 unicisa (Peziza), 556 unicolor (Boletus), 418 unitinctus (Clitopilus), 257 var. albidus, 257 urens (Marasmius), 223 ustale (Tricholoma), 62 vaccinum (Tricholoma), 70 vaginata (Amanitopsis), 28 var. livida, 29 var. fulva, 29 variabilis (Agaricus), 346 variegatus (Boletus), 430 variipes (Boletus), 446 var. albipes, 447 var. pallidipes, 447 var. tenuipes, 447 varius (Cortinarius), 309 velatum (Lycoperdon), 597 vellereum (Hydnum), 499 vellereus (Lactarius), 169 velosa (Amanitopsis), 29 velutinus (Hypholoma), 360 var. leiocephalus, 360 velutipes (Collybia), 118 venosa (Peziza), 554 vermicularis (Clavaria), 524 vermiculosus (Boletus), 456 var. Spraguei, 457 verna (Amanita), 9 verrucosum (Scleroderma), 616 versipellis (Boletus), 461 vesca (Russula), 198 vesiculosa (Peziza), 558 var. cerea, 558 vilescens (Clitocybe), 88 violaceus (Cortinarius), 314 virescens (Amanita), 8 virescens (Russula), 194 virescens (Tricholoma), 78 Virgineus (Coprinus), 380 virgineus (Hygrophorus), 153 viridis (Amanita), 8 virosa (Amanita), 6 viscidipes (Armillaria), 53 viscidus (Gomphidius), 394 vitellina (Mitrula), 548 vitellina (Russula), 212 Vittadini (Lepiota), 44 vittæformis (Galera), 301 volemi (Hypomyces), 564 volemus (Lactarius), 180 var. subrugosus, 180 volvacea (Volvaria), 240 volvata (Amanitopsis), 31 vulgare (Scleroderma), 615 Woodianus (Clitopilus), 260 Wrightii (Lycoperdon), 604 var. typicum, 605 var. separans, 605 var. atropunctum, 605 Wynnei (Marasmius), 225 xylogenus (Agaricus), 339 zonatum (Hydnum), 498 INDEX TO RECIPES FOR COOKING AND PREPARING FOR THE TABLE Bake, A Camp, 649 Baked Toadstools of any gilled kind, 648 Boleti, 640 To bake, 641 To broil, 640 To dry, 641 To fry, 641 To stew, 640 To make B. edulis soup, 641 Cantharellus cibarius, 641 To fry, 641 To preserve for winter use, 642 To roast, 641 To stew, 641 Clavaria. To cook, 642 To pickle, 642 Clitocybe multiceps, 642 To bake, 642 With cheese, 642 Coprinus. To cook (Mrs. S.T. Rorer), 642 Croquettes. Toadstool, 643 Fistulina hepatica. To cook, 643 Fistulina hepatica salad, 643 Fungus. To broil any capped, 643 Hydnei. To cook, 644 Hypholomas, 644 To bake, 645 To stew, 644 Lactarii. To cook, 645 Lycoperdons (Puff-balls), 647 To fry, 647 To stew, 647 To make salad of, 647 Marasmius oreades. To cook, 645 Morchella (the Morel). To cook, 645 Morelles a l'Italienne, 645 Mushrooms. To cook, 636 Baked, on toast, 637 Catchup (English method), 640 Catchup (McIlvaine), 639 Crusts of, 637 Fricassee of, 638 Pickles (English method), 639 Pickles (McIlvaine), 638 Sauce, canned (Mrs. E.P. Ewing), 640 Sauce, fresh (Mrs. E.P. Ewing), 640 Stewed, on toast, 638 To dry (English method), 637 To fry, 638 Pâtés. Toadstool, 646 Pleurotus ostreatus. To cook, 646 In chafing dish, 646 To fry, 646 To stew, 646 With cheese, 646 Toadstools of any gilled kind, baked, 648 Toadstools deviled, 643 Toadstools fried, 644 Toadstool salads, 648 Toadstool soups, 648 Toadstools. To stew tougher kinds of, 647 Toadstools with cheese, 648 Toast. Hunter’s, 644 Tricholoma. To cook, 647 Tricholoma personatum. To stew, 647 INDEX TO GENERAL CONTENTS Abbreviations of the Names of Authors, xxxiv Agaricaceae. Family, xxii, 1 Amanitine, 5 Analysis, Agaricus campester, 334 Coprinus atramentarius, 374 Coprinus comatus, 371 Cortinarius collinitus, 314 Lycoperdon bovista, 590 Marasmius oreades, 225 Morchella esculenta, 543 Pleurotus ostreatus, 137 Anthony, Mrs. Emilia C., xxvi Arnold, Prof. J.P., xxvi Ascomycetes. Sub-Class, xxiii, 534 Auricularieæ. Sub-Family, 526 Author’s and Publisher’s Note, xxvii Basidiomycetes. Sub-Class, 1, 568 Benson, Berry, xxvi Boston School of Natural History, xxvi Briscoe, Frank D., xxvi Britton, Prof. N.L., xv, xxv Brown, Hon. Addison, xxv Carter, Prof. W.S., xviii, xxvi, 621 Clavariaceæ. Family, xxiii, 1, 511 Collins, Thomas J., xxvi Cooking, Recipes for, 635 Curtis, Rev. M.A., xix Dacryomycetes. Sub-Family, 527 Daniels, Dr. Edwin A., xxv Dewey, Melvil, xxvi Discomycetes. Cohort, 534 Easton, Prof. Morton W., xxv Ewing, Mrs. Emma P., xxv Farlow, Prof. William G., xxvi Fungi. Class, 1 Gastromycetes. Sub-Class, xxi, 568 Glossary, 651 Harpel, Luther G., xxvi Harshberger, Dr. J.W., xxv Helvellaceæ. Family, 534 Hydnaceæ. Family, xxiii, 1, 492 Hymenogastraceæ. Family, 569 Hymenomycetes. Cohort, xxi, xxii, 1 Index to Genera, 690 Index to General Contents, 703 Index to Recipes for Cooking and Preparing for the Table, 702 Index to Species, 692 Instructions to Students, xxix