2. BOLETUS SUBAUREUS, 414

=B. hirtel´lus= Pk.—slightly hairy. =Pileus= broadly convex, soft, viscose, golden-yellow, adorned with _small tufts of hairs or fibrils_. =Flesh= pale-yellow. =Tubes= adnate, medium size, angular, becoming dingy-ochraceous. =Stem= subcespitose, equal, stout, glandular dotted, yellow. =Spores= pale, _ochraceous-brown_, 9–10×4µ. =Pileus= 2–4 in. broad. =Stem= 2–3 in. long, 4–6 lines thick. Sandy soil under pine trees. New York, _Peck_. This species is very rare and was formerly confused with the preceding from which it is separated by the hairy adornment of the pileus and the darker, more brown color of the spores. _Peck_, Boleti of the U.S. =B. punc´tipes= Pk.—_punctum_, a dot; _pes_, a foot. =Pileus= convex or nearly plane, glutinous when moist, yellow, the thin margin at first minutely grayish-pulverulent, becoming recurved with age. =Tubes= short, nearly plane, adnate, small, subrotund, _at first brownish_, then sordid-ochraceous. =Stem= rather long, _tapering upward_, grandular-dotted, _rhubarb-yellow_. =Spores= 9–10×4–5µ. =Pileus= 2–3 in. broad. =Stem= 2–3 in. long, 3–5 lines thick. Mixed woods. New York, _Peck_. The rhubarb-colored stem and the brownish color of the young hymenium are the distinguishing features of this species. The glandules occur also on the tubes. The species is rare. _Peck_, Boleti of the U.S. Not seen by Professor Peck since its discovery in 1878. Spores when first dropped are olive-green on white paper, but the green hue soon changes to brownish-ochraceous. _Peck_, 44th Rep. N. Y. State Bot. Ontario, _Prof. Dearness_ (_Lloyd_, R. 4). =B. al´bus= Pk.—white. =Pileus= convex, viscid when moist, _white_. =Flesh= white or yellowish. =Tubes= plane, small or medium, subrotund, adnate, whitish, becoming yellow or ochraceous. =Stem= equal or slightly tapering downward, both it and the tubes glandular-dotted, _white_, sometimes tinged with pink toward the base. =Spores= ochraceous, subfusiform, 8–9×4µ. =Pileus= 1.5–3 in. broad. =Stem= 1.5–3 in. long, 3–5 lines thick. Woods, especially of pine or hemlock. New York, _Peck_; New England, _Frost_. This species is easily known by its white pileus, but its color is lost in drying. Sometimes the fresh plant emits a peculiar fetid odor. _Peck_, Boleti of the U.S. =B. granula´tus=—_granula_, a granule. =Pileus= convex or nearly plane, very viscid or glutinous and _rusty-brown_ when moist, _yellowish_ when dry. =Flesh= pale-yellowish. =Tubes= short, adnate, yellowish, their mouths simple, granulated. =Stem= dotted with glandules above, pale-yellowish. =Spores= spindle-shaped, yellowish-orange, 7.5–10×2–3µ. =Pileus= 1.5–4 in. broad. =Stem= 1–2 in. long, 4–6 lines thick. Woods, especially of pine and in open places under or near pine trees. Very common. The plant is generally gregarious and sometimes grows in circles, whence the name B. circinans Pers. Occasionally it is cespitose. The pileus is very variable in color—pinkish-gray, reddish-brown, yellowish-gray, tawny-ferruginous or brownish—and is sometimes obscurely spotted by the drying gluten. The flesh is rather thick and often almost white, except near the tubes, where it is tinged with yellow. The tubes are small, at first almost white or very pale-yellow, but they become dingy-ochraceous with age. The stem is generally short, stout and firm, whitish-pallid or yellowish, and often dotted to the base, though the glandules are more numerous and distinct on the upper part. _Peck_, Boleti of the U.S. B. granulatus is of frequent and general occurrence. I have found it in the pine woods of New Jersey, North Carolina, Pennsylvania and West Virginia, and in West Virginia and Pennsylvania in mixed woods. It is a late-growing species, appearing in September and continuing until frost. All authors, with one exception (Gillet), give the species as edible. From frequent and copious testings, the writer vouches for its edibility and excellence. It bears favorable comparison with any of the late Boleti. =B. bre´vipes= Pk.—_brevis_, short; _pes_, foot. =Pileus= thick, convex, covered with a _thick, tough gluten_ when young or moist, _dark chestnut color_, sometimes fading to dingy-tawny, the margin inflexed. =Flesh= white or tinged with yellow. =Tubes= short, nearly plane, adnate or slightly depressed around the stem, small, subrotund, at first whitish becoming dingy-ochraceous. =Stem= whitish, _not dotted or rarely with a few very minute inconspicuous dots at the apex, very short_. =Spores= subfusiform, 7.5×3µ. =Pileus= 1.5–2.5 in. broad. =Stem= .5–1 in. long, 3–5 lines thick. Sandy soil in pine groves and woods. New England, _Frost;_ New York, _Peck_. The species is closely related to B. granulatus, from which it differs especially in its darker colored pileus, more copious gluten, shorter stem and the almost entire absence of granules from the tube mouths and stem. In the rare instances in which these are present they are extremely minute and inconspicuous. The plant occurs very late in the season and the pileus appears as if enveloped in slime and resting stemless on the ground. _Peck_, Boleti of the U.S. Specimens found in pine woods of New Jersey, identified by Professor Peck. Lambertville, N.J., _C.S. Ridgway_; Haddonfield, N.J., _T.J. Collins_; Pleasantville, _Isaac F. Shaner_. B. brevipes is a disreputable, dirty, tramp-looking fungus, from which the collector would expect no good. Nevertheless, when it has had a good scrubbing it becomes respectable and is sweet, tender, good eating. When other species abound, it does not pay for the cleansing. =B. collini´tus= Fr.—_collino_, to besmear. =Pileus= convex, even, _becoming pale when the brown gluten separates_. =Flesh= white. =Tubes= adnate, elongated, naked, _the mouths two-parted_, pallid, becoming yellow. =Stem= firm, often tapering downward, _somewhat reticulate with appressed squamules_, white, becoming brown. Woods of pine or fir. North Carolina, _Curtis_; New England, _Frost_. I have seen no specimens of this apparently rare species. It is said to be solitary in its mode of growth and to resemble B. luteus in size and color, but to be distinct from it by its ringless, dotless stem. Dr. Curtis records it as edible. _Peck_, Boleti of the U.S. I found three specimens at Haddonfield, N.J., October, 1897, under scrub pines. Cap 2½ in. across, convex, gibbous; stem equal, 2½ in. long, ½ in. in diameter, slightly tapering at base. The two-parted mouths to the tubes were very distinct. The stems were tough, but the caps, washed and fried, were good. =B. di´chrous= Ellis. =Pileus= convex, viscose, _dull red_. =Flesh= soft, dull, yellowish-white, _changing to greenish-blue_ where wounded, finally yellow. =Tubes= subdepressed around the stem, large, unequal, straw-colored, changing color like the flesh where wounded. =Stem= thickened below, solid, covered with a _red scaly coat_, except at the yellow apex, yellow within. =Spores= elliptical, slightly bent at one end, 2µ long. =Pileus= 2–3 in. broad. =Stem= 3 in. long, 6 lines thick. Dry soil in oak and pine woods. New Jersey. _Ellis._ I have seen no specimens of this species. From the description, its affinities appear to be with B. bicolor, but it is placed here because of its viscose pileus. _Peck_, Boleti of the U.S. =B. ba´dius= Fr.—bay-brown. =Pileus= convex, even, soft, viscose or glutinous, shining when dry, _tawny-chestnut_. =Flesh= whitish, tinged with yellow, bluish next the tubes. =Tubes= large, angular, long, adnate or sinuate-depressed, whitish-yellow, becoming tinged with green. =Stem= subequal, even, solid, paler, _brown-pruinate_. =Spores= fusoid-oblong. =Pileus= 2–3 in. broad. =Stem= 2–4 in. long, 3–5 lines thick. Woods, especially of pine. New York, _Peck_; Minnesota, _Johnson_; Wisconsin, _Bundy_; Nova Scotia, _Somers_. In the American plant the spores are 10–12×4–5µ. Cordier classes it among the edible species. _Peck_, Boleti of the United States. =B. mi´tis= Krombh.—mild. =Pileus= convex, then plane or depressed, firm, viscid, yellowish-flesh color, reddish-rust color when dry. =Flesh= pale, grayish-yellow. =Tubes= _short, olivaceous or golden-yellow_, their mouths compound, angular, unequal. =Stem= firm, short, even, narrowed toward the base, colored like the pileus. =Spores= 12–14×4µ. =Pileus= 2–2.5 in. broad. =Stem= 2–2.5 in. long. Mixed woods. New England, _Frost_. This species is unknown to me and is recorded by Mr. Frost only. _Peck_, Boleti of the United States. =B. uni´color= Frost MS. =Pileus= broadly convex or nearly plane, viscid when moist, even, sometimes streaked as if with minute innate brown fibrils, _pale-yellow_. =Flesh= _pale-yellow_. =Tubes= adnate or slightly decurrent, rather short, compound, _lemon-yellow_, becoming darker with age. =Stem= _even_, equal or narrowed toward the base, colored like the pileus. =Spores= reddish-yellow, 9–11×4µ. =Pileus= 2–4 in. broad. =Stem= 2 in. long, 4–6 lines thick. Pine woods and open sedgy places. New England, _Frost_. Specimens not seen. The species seems too near B. bovinus, of which it may possibly be a variety, but its yellow flesh and the colors ascribed to the tubes and spores require its separation. Rev. C.J. Curtis sends notes of a species found by him in North Carolina, which agree with this in its characters so far as noted. _Peck_, Boleti of the U.S. =B. ignora´tus= Pk. =Pileus= convex, viscid, bright lemon-color, marked with wrinkled lines of orange color, which are distributed over the pileus, giving it a streaked appearance. =Flesh= white, solid, does not change color when cut or broken; taste slightly acid. =Pores= lemon-color, moderately large, free, connected with the stem by web-like filaments. =Stem= larger at the apex, somewhat tapering toward the base, yellow, smooth, solid. =Spores= 4.5×11µ. This closely approaches Boletus unicolor Fr., from which it scarcely differs except in its white flesh and free tubes. Fungi of Maryland, _Mary E. Banning_. _Peck_, 44th Rep. N.Y. State Bot. =B. bovi´nus=—_bos_, an ox. =Pileus= nearly plane, glabrous, viscid, pale yellow. =Flesh= _white_. =Tubes= very short, subdecurrent, their mouths compound, pale yellow or grayish, becoming rust-colored. =Stem= equal, even, colored like the pileus. =Spores= fusiform, dingy greenish-ocher, 7.5–10×3–4µ. =Pileus= 2–3 in. broad. =Stem= 1.5–2 in. long, sometimes cespitose. Pine woods. North Carolina, _Schweinitz_, _Curtis_; Pennsylvania, _Schweinitz_; New England, _Frost_, _Palmer_, _Bennett_, _Sprague_, _Farlow_; California, _H. and M._ The shallow tubes, 2–3 lines long, are said to resemble the pores of Merulius lacrymans. The species is recorded edible by Curtis, Gillet and Palmer. _Peck_, Boleti of the U.S. West Virginia mountains under hemlocks, 1882–1885, and near Haddonfield, N.J., under pines. _McIlvaine_, 1892. Gregarious and in clusters. The pore surface was in some specimens broadly wrinkled. Smell and taste pleasant. Cooked, the quality is of the best in Boleti. =B. rubinel´lus= Pk.—dim. of _ruber_, red. =Pileus= broadly conical or convex, viscid when moist, subtomentose or slightly pubescent when dry, _red fading to yellow on the margin_. =Flesh= whitish or yellowish, taste _mild_. =Tubes= adnate or slightly depressed around the stem, dingy-reddish, becoming subferruginous. =Stem= equal, slender, even, colored like the tubes, _yellow within_, sometimes yellow at the base. =Spores= oblong-fusiform, ferruginous-brown, 12.5–15×4µ. =Pileus= 1–2 in. broad. =Stem= 1–2 in. long, 1–3 lines thick. Mixed woods or under or near coniferous trees in open places. New York, _Peck_. _Peck_, Boleti of the U.S. =B. pipera´tus= Bull.—_piper_, pepper. =Pileus= convex or nearly plane, glabrous, _slightly viscid_ when moist, _yellowish, cinnamon or subferruginous_. =Flesh= white or yellowish, taste _acrid, peppery_. =Tubes= rather long and large, angular, often unequal, plane or convex, adnate or subdecurrent, _reddish-rust color_. =Stem= slender, subequal, tawny-yellow, bright yellow at the base. =Spores= subfusiform, ferruginous-brown, 9–11×4µ. =Pileus= 1–3 in. broad. =Stem= 1.5–3 in. long, 2–4 lines thick. Woods and open places. Common and variable. This species may easily be recognized by its peppery flavor. The pileus sometimes appears as if slightly tomentose, and both this and the preceding species recede from the character of the tribe by the slight viscidity of the pileus. This is sometimes cracked into areas and sometimes the margin is very obtuse by the elongation of the tubes. _Peck_, Boleti of the U.S. Haddonfield, N.J., 1892. _McIlvaine._ This fungus is reckoned poisonous by Stevenson. Massee gives its taste as very hot. The taste of the American plant is peppery but not offensively so. This pepperiness it loses in cooking. It has been eaten by the writer and his friends with enjoyment and without any discomfort. [Illustration: Grouped by F.D. Briscoe—Studies by C. McIlvaine New Species. PLATE CXVI.] FIG. PAGE. FIG. PAGE.