1910. In 1912-13 the Huntingdon, modified, was flying well.

[Illustration] -----------------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------ | 50 Gnome. | | | | ~1912-13~ | ~1912-13~ | ~1912-13~ | ~1912-13~ Model and Date. | single-seat | 2-seater | biplane. | biplane. | mono. | mono. | ~D 8.~ | ~D 9.~ | ~D 7.~ | ~D 7~ _bis._ | | -----------------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------ ~Length~ feet (m.)| _not given_ | ... | ... | ... ~Span~ feet (m.)| 35 (10.66) | 35 (10.66) | 46 (14) | 45 (13.70) ~Area~ sq. feet (m squared.)| 200 (18.5) | 200 (18.5) | 552 (51) | 448 (42) {total lbs. (kgs.)|1050 (476) | 1200 (544) | 1700 (771) | 1693 (768) ~Weight~ { | | | | {useful lbs. (kgs.)| 359 (161) | 528 (239) | 414 (187) | 509 (231) ~Motor~ h.p.| 50 Gnome | 70 Gnome | 60 Green | 80 Gnome ~Speed~ m.p.h. (km.)| 60 (95) | 60 (95) | 45 (70) | 50 (80) Number built during 1912 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 b'lding ('13) -----------------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------ Notes.--Biplane _D 3_ is identical with the original pattern _Dunne V_, except that it has only one propeller instead of two. It has been flown completely uncontrolled in a 20 m.p.h. wind, carrying a R. Ae. C. observer as passenger. [Illustration: DUNNE. Original Dunne biplane D5.] ~E~ EWEN. The W. H. Ewen Aviation Co., London Aerodrome: Hendon. Also works at Lanark, Scotland (opened February, 1913). Hold the British rights for and construct at their works _Caudron_ aeroplanes (see France). ~F~ FERGUSON. J. B. Ferguson, Ltd., Belfast. [Illustration] This machine first appeared in 1910. Owing to an accident to Mr. Ferguson it was laid up for a long time. About the end of 1912 it re-appeared. Principal details:-- ~Span.~--40 feet (12.20 m.) ~Area.~--230 sq. feet (21 m squared.) H.P. 40. ~G~ GRAHAME-WHITE. The Grahame-White Aviation Co., Ltd., 166 Piccadilly, London, W. Works and Flying Ground: Hendon. Founded by C. Grahame-White, the well-known aviator, who in 1909 commenced operations with a school at Pau. Later this was removed to England, and a general agency for the sale of aeroplanes, etc., established. This developed, and early in 1911 the firm was handling a special British agency for the U.S. _Burgess_ type known as "The Baby." The Hendon Aerodrome was acquired, and a factory established, which has grown continually ever since. In April, 1912, a monoplane to special design was completed. By the close of the same year biplanes of advanced design were constructed. Capacity of the works, March, 1913, was equal to 150 machines a year if necessary. ----------------------------------+--------------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+----------------- | ~1913.~ | ~1913.~ | ~1913.~ | ~1913.~ | ~1913.~ | Military | "Popular" | "Popular" | Tractor | Monoplane. | biplane. | biplane. | biplane. | hydro-biplane | Type IX. | Type VI. | Type VII. | Type VII. | Type VIII | single-seat. | 2-seater. | 1-seater. | 2-seater. | 2-seater. | | | | | | ----------------------------------+--------------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+----------------- ~Length~ feet (m.)| 33-1/4 (10.10) | 20-5/6 (6.40) | 26-5/6 (8.22) | 25 (7.60) | 21 (6.40) ~Span~ feet (m.)| 42 (12.80) | 29-1/6 (8.85) | 38 (11.60) | 42-1/2 (13) | 32 (9.75) ~Area~ sq. feet (m squared.)| 435 (40-1/2) | 230 (21) | 475 (44) | 380 (35) | 208 (19) {total lbs. (kgs.)| 2200 (997) | | | 850 (385) | ... ~Weight~ { | | ... | ... | | {useful lbs. (kgs.)| 750 (340) | | | 450 (204) | ... ~Motor~ | 120 Aust. Daimler | 50 Gnome | 50 Gnome | 80 Gnome | 50 Gnome {max. m.p.h (k.p.h.)| 70 (110) | 60 (95) | 50 (80) | 65 (105) | 65 (105) ~Speed~ { | | | | | {min. m.p.h (k.p.h.)| 55 (90) | 50 (80) | 40 (65) | 50 (80) | ... ~Endurance~ hrs.| 6 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 Number built during 1912 | 1 | ... | ... | 1 | ... ----------------------------------+--------------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+----------------- | Also built with a | Also built | | Also built | Also built with | 90 Aust. Daimler. | with a 35 | | with a 60 | a 35 Anzani. | | | | | | Designed to carry | | | | Two main floats | a gun on the bow. | | | | with 12-1/2 ft. track. | | | | | Floats are 15 ft. | Very good view. | | | | long, 2 ft. wide, | | | | | 1 ft. 3 in. deep. | Very strong landing| | | | | carriage. | | | | ----------------------------------+--------------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+----------------- [Illustration: Military Type VI. UAS.] [Illustration: "Popular" biplane. Type VII. UAS] [Illustration: Hydro-biplane. Type VIII. UAS.] ~H~ HOWARD-FLANDERS. L. Howard-Flanders, Ltd., 31, Townsend Terrace, Richmond, Surrey. School: Brooklands. Established February, 1912, by Howard-Flanders, whose connection with aviation dates from the pioneer days. Richmond Works opened April, 1912. Capacity of the works at end of 1912 was sufficient to turn out from 25 to 35 machines a year. -----------------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------ | ~F 4 1912.~ | ~B 2 1912.~ | ~S 2 1913.~ | ~F 5 1913.~ | ~B 3 1913.~ | 2-seater | 2-seater | single-seat | 2-seater | 2-seater | military | biplane. | monoplane. | monoplane. | biplane. | monoplane. | | | | -----------------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------ ~Length~ feet (m.)| 31-1/2 (9.50) | 31-1/2 (9.50) | 28 (8.50) | 31 (9.45) | 31 (9.45) ~Span~ feet (m.)| 40 (12) | 40 (12) | 35 (10.70) | 39 (11.90) | 40 (12) ~Area~ sq. feet (m squared)| 240 (22) | 390 (36) | 190 (17-3/4) | 250 (23) | 390 (36) {total lbs. (kgs.)| 1850 (839) | 1500 (680) | 1180 (535) | 1600 (726) | 1650 (748) ~Weight~ { | | | | | {useful lbs. (kgs.)| 500 (227) | 450 (204) | 350 (159) | 600 (272) | 600 (272) ~Motor~ h.p.| 70 Renault | 40 A.B.C. | 80 Gnome | 80 Gnome | 80 Gnome {max m.p.h. (km.)| 67 (108) | 56 (90) | 82 (132) | 70 (115) | 68 (110) ~Speed~ { | | | | | {min m.p.h. (km.)| 41 (66) | 38 (61) | 45 (73) | 42 (68) | 40 (65) Number built during 1912 | 4 | 1 | | | -----------------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------ Remarks.--_F 4_ climbing speed 1000 feet (305 m.) in 3-1/2 minutes, 1500 in 5-1/2 mins., 2000 in 8 mins. _B 2_ climbing speed 200 feet (61 m.) per minute. The four _F 4_ type were bought by the British Army during 1912. [Illustration: Monoplane.] [Illustration: Biplane.] [Illustration: FLANDERS. UAS.] [Illustration: FLANDERS. UAS.] HANDLEY-PAGE Monoplanes. Handley Page, 72, Victoria Street, S.W. Works: 110, Cricklewood Lane, N.W. Flying ground: Hendon. Established at the end of 1908. In June, 1909, it was turned into a Limited Liability Co. Since then it has been busily employed in producing its own machines, also others to inventor's specifications. About the end of 1911 the firm bought up and sold all the machines of the Aeronautical Syndicate--_Valkyrie_ and _Viking_ types. It is doubtful whether any of these V type still exist--in any case it does not matter. Four were presented to the R. Flying Corps. Of these one was smashed up, the others, one army and two navy, were used to teach mechanics to take down and re-assemble engines, etc. Handley-Page also bought up the _Radley-Moorhouse_ machines (Bleriot copies), and disposed of them. The 1912-13 _Handley-Page_ type is as follows--a development along regular lines of the original H.P. machine:-- [Illustration: Handley-Page V.] ~Length,~ 27-1/2 feet (8.40 m.) ~span,~ 42-1/2 feet (12.95 m.) ~area,~ 240 sq. feet. (22-1/4 m squared.) ~Weight.~--Total, 1300 lbs. (590 kgs.) Empty, 800 lbs. (363 kgs.) ~Motor.~--50 h.p. Gnome. ~Speed.~ 55 m.p.h. (90 km.) Remarks.--The fixed tail area is 32 sq. feet. Body is entirely enclosed, stream line form. The passenger sits behind the pilot. Mounted on wheels and one long skid forward. Full description and details, _Flight_, 26th October, 1912. Principal pilots have been the late E. Petre (who made in it the only flight through London), the late Lieut. Parke, R.N., S. Pickles, and L. R. Whitehouse. The machine has been flown with two passengers, in addition to the pilot. ~Military work.~--During 1912 five biplanes of the _B.E._ type were ordered by the British War Office. Several monoplanes were ordered by foreign governments. [Illustration: HANDLEY PAGE. UAS.] ~L~ LAKE FLYING Co. Windermere. Established 1911, by E. W. Wakefield, with a view to hydro-aeroplane experiments. The first machine was a _Curtiss_ type built by A. V. Roe, which flew in November, 1911. In 1912, a special biplane generally of _Farman_ type but with more camber to the planes, was built. [Illustration: WATER HEN.] ~Length.~--36-1/2 feet (11 m.) ~Span.~--42 feet (12.80 m.) ~Area.~--270 sq. feet (25 m. squared) ~Motor.~--Gnome. ~Speed.~--45.33 m.p.h. (72.54 k.p.h.) The single float is 6 feet wide, flexibly connected. Balancers mounted on a spring board. Water rudders for steering at slow speed. Fuller details see _Flight_, December 7th, 1912. Early in 1913, an _Avro_ was purchased for further experiments. ~M~ MARTINSYDE. Messrs. Martin & Handasyde, Brooklands, Weybridge, Surrey. Output capacity: about 20 per annum. ----------------------------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | ~1912.~ | ~1913.~ | Model and date. | Mono. 2-seater. | Mono. 2-seater. | ----------------------------------+-----------------+-----------------+ ~Length~ feet. (m.)| 35-1/2 (10.75) | 35 (10.65) | ~Span~ feet. (m.)| 42-1/2 (12.95) | 42-3/4 (13) | ~Area~ sq. feet (m squared.)| 290 (27) | 285 (26-1/2) | {total lbs. (kgs.)| ... | 1212 (550) | ~Weight~ { | | | {useful lbs. (kgs.)| ... | 551 (250) | ~Motor~ h.p.| 65 Antoinette | 80 Laviator | {max m.p.h. (km.)| 63 (102) | 78 (125) | ~Speed~ { | | | {min m.p.h. (km.)| ... | ... | Number built during 1912 | ... | ... | ----------------------------------+-----------------+-----------------+ Notes.--Wood construction. Landing: wheels and one skid. _Controls_: warping wings and rear elevator. Triangular body. The two models are very nearly identical. [Illustration: MARTIN-HANDASYDE. UAS.] ~P~ PIGGOTT. Piggott Bros. & Co., Ltd., 220, 222 & 224, Bishopsgate, London, E.C. This well-known firm of shed makers built a novel biplane in May, 1910 (details _Flight_, May 21st, 1910), and in 1911 a monoplane with enclosed body (_Flight_, April 1st, 1911). In 1912, both were disposed of, and the firm is not proceeding with its experiments. It has, however, a staff of skilled mechanics and a great deal of floor space for the construction of aeroplanes to specifications. PLANES. Planes, Ltd., 6, Lord Street, Liverpool. Works: Duke Street & Cleveland Street, Birkenhead. Not building at present. In October, 1910, the firm produced a biplane, designed by W. P. Thompson, fitted with a special pendulum stabilising device. This was followed a year or so later by a monoplane. ~R~ RADLEY-ENGLAND. This is not an aeroplane firm, but a special hydro built by two well-known aviators for the _Daily Mail_ competition. ~Length,~ 22 feet. ~Span,~ 50 feet. 2 floats, 15 feet long by 1 foot 5 inches wide. Pilot in starboard float. ~Weight,~ with petrol for 12 hours, 1,380 lbs. ~Motor,~ 150 h.p., made up of 3--50 h.p. Gnomes, but two Greens to be fitted for competition. One 4-bladed propeller in rear. ~Speed,~ 60 m.p.h., with 100 h.p. ~S~ SANDERS. This firm appears to have ceased to exist. SHORT BROS. Works and flying grounds: Eastchurch, Isle of Sheppey, Kent. London office: Queen's Circus, Battersea Park. Took up construction at a very early date. _Wright_ agents in 1909. Have built numerous biplanes and monoplanes to specifications. Produced their own first machine (see 1911 edition) in 1910. ----------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------+-------------------------------------+-----------------+------------------ | ~S 41. 1913. Hydro Biplane.~ | ~S 45. 1913. Military Tractor~ | ~S 38. 1913.~ | ~S 34. Standard School.~ | ~1911-12.~ | ~1911-12.~ | | ~Biplane.~ | ~Military Nacelle Biplane.~ | | 1-seater, | Tandem +----------------+----------------+----------------|----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+------------------+------------------+ mono. | tractor | 80 h.p. | 100 h.p. | 160 h.p. | 70 h.p. | 80 h.p. | 160 h.p. | 50 h.p. | 80 h.p. | 50 h.p. | 70 h.p. | | biplane. | 2-seater. | 2-seater. | 4-seater. | 2-seater. | 2-seater. | 4-seater. | 2-seater. | 3-seater. | 2-seater. | 2-seater. | | ----------------------------------+----------------+----------------+----------------|----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+------------------+------------------+-----------------+------------------ ~Length~ feet (m.)| 35 (10.67) | 39 (11.90) | 45 (13.70) | 35-1/2 (10.80) | 35-1/2 (10.80) | 40 (13.70) | 35-1/2 (10.80) | 35-1/2 (10.80) | 42 (12.85) | 42 (12.85) | 25 (7.60) | 35-1/2 (10.80) ~Span~ feet (m.)| 40 (13.70) | 50 (15.25) | 50 (15.25) | 42 (12.90) | 45 (13.70) | 50 (15.25) | 52 (15.85) | 52 (15.85) | 46-1/2 (14.20) | 46-1/2 (14.20) | 29-1/2 (9) | 42 (12.90) ~Area~ sq. feet (m squared.)| 390 (36) | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | 186 (17) | ... {Machine lbs. (kg.)| 1200 (545) | 1700 (764) | 2000 (909) |1080 (490) | 1100 (500) | 1890 (860) | 950 (432) | 1050 (480) | 1100 (500) | 1150 (523) | ... | 850 (385) ~Weight~ { | | | | | | | | | | | | {Useful lbs. (kg.)| 771 (350) | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... ~Motor~ h.p.| 80 Gnome | 100 Gnome | 160 Gnome | 70 Gnome | 80 Gnome | 160 Gnome | 50 Gnome | 80 Gnome | 50 Gnome | 70 Gnome | 50 Gnome. | 70 Gnome. {max (m.p.h.)| 65 (105) | 60 (97) | 74 (120) | 60 (97) | 70 (113) | 74 (120) | 42 (68) | 58 (94) | 39 (63) | 48 (78) | ... | 58 (94) ~Speed~ { | | | | | | | | | | | | {min (m.p.h.)| 50 (80) | 50 (80) | 56 (90) | 50 (80) | 50 (80) | 56 (90) | 35 (57) | 39 (63) | 34 (55) | 38 (61) | ... | ... ~Endurance~ hrs.| 4 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 Number built during 1912 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | | | | | | | | | | | | ----------------------------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+---------------------------------+------------------+------------------+-----------------+------------------ Remarks.--Floats are two long pontoons. Subsidiary floats at tips of |Tandem seats, pilot in front. |Specially designed for |Solely designed for |No longer built, but still lower plane. Small tail float with water rudder. W.-t. compartments |Fittings for maps, etc. |reconnaissance. Tandem |school work. |in existence. to floats. Tandem seated, pilot in front. The observer's seat can | |seats, pilot in front. An |Seats side by side. | accommodate two if necessary. | |extra passenger can be | | | |accommodated. | | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------+-------------------------------------+------------------------------------ [Illustration: Old 1911-12 Tractor biplane.] [Illustration: Old 1911-12 mono.] [Illustration: Short. Hydro. "Short" Hydro-Aeroplane type s 41. 100 FP TRACTOR BI-PLANE UAS.] [Illustration: Short. S. 45 type. UAS.] [Illustration: Short. S. 38 military. UAS.] SOPWITH. Sopwith Aviation Co. Works: Canbury Park Road, Kingston-on-Thames. School: at Brooklands. Established by T. O. M. Sopwith, the well known aviator at Brooklands, Autumn of 1911, where during 1912, a 70 h.p. tractor biplane and a 40 h.p. biplane was turned out. Floor area of the Kingston works in March, 1913, was 30,000 sq. feet with electric power plant. Works manager: F. Sigrist. General manager: R. O. Cary. Output capacity: at full pressure about 50 machines a year. ----------------------------------+-------------------+-------------------+-------------------+------------------- | ~1913.~ | ~1913.~ | ~1913.~ | ~1913.~ Model and Date. | Bat boat | Tractor | School | Armoured | hydro | biplane | biplane. | warplane. | biplane. | 3-seater. | | ----------------------------------+-------------------+-------------------+-------------------+------------------- ~Length~ feet (m.)| 30-1/3 (9.20) | 29 (8.85) | 29 (8.85) | 29' 7-1/2" (9) ~Span~ feet (m.)| 41 (12.50) | 40 (12.20) | 40 (12.20) | 50 (15.25) ~Area~ sq. feet (m squared.)| 422 (39) | 365 (34) | 400 (37) | 552 (51) {total lbs. (kgs.)| 1700 (771) | 1750 (794) | 1200 (544) | 2000 (907) ~Weight~ { | | | | {useful lbs. (kgs.)| 500 (227) | 750 (340) | 400 (181) | 800 (362) ~Motor~ h.p.| 90 Austro-Daimler | 80 Gnome | 50 Gnome | 90 Austro-Daimler {max. m.p.h. (km.)| 65 (105) | 74 (125) | 48 (78) | 65 (105) ~Speed~ { | | | | {min. m.p.h. (km.)| 42 (68) | 40 (65) | 35 (60) | 38 (61) ~Endurance~ hrs.| ... | ... | ... | ... ----------------------------------+-------------------+-------------------+-------------------+------------------- Notes.--Wood construction. Carriage wheels and skids. _Control:_ balanced ailerons. [Illustration: Sopwith. Flying boat.] [Illustration: 1913. Tractor biplane.] ~V~ VICKERS. Vickers, Ltd., Vickers House, Broadway, Westminster. School: Brooklands. Seven pupils qualified during 1912. -----------------------------------+-----------------+------------------+ | Monoplane. | Military | Model and date. | ~1912-13.~ | biplane. | | 2-seater. | ~1913.~ | -----------------------------------+-----------------+------------------+ ~Length~ feet (m.)| 25 (7.60) | ... | ~Span~ feet (m.)| 34-1/2 (10.50) | 40 (12.20) | ~Area~ sq. feet (m squared.)| 220 (20) | 385 (35) | {total, lbs. (kgs.)| 730 (331) | ... | ~Weight~ { | | | {useful, lbs. (kgs.)| ... | ... | ~Motor~ h.p.| 80 Gnome | 80 Wolseley | ~Speed~ m.p.h. (km.)| 70 (115) | ... | ~Endurance~ hrs.| 3 | ... | Number built during 1912 | ... | ... | -----------------------------------+-----------------+------------------+ Notes.--Steel construction. Landing shock absorbing: 2 wheels and 1 skid. Rectangular enclosed body. _Controls_: warping and rear elevator. ~Monoplane~ climbs 300 feet a minute fully loaded. ~Biplane~ is armed with a Vickers R.C. automatic gun in the bow. [Illustration: VICKERS. UAS.] [Illustration: Vickers. Monoplane.] +------------------------------+ | | | | | | +------------------------------+ Vickers. Armed biplane. ~W~ WHITE. J. Samuel White & Co., Ltd., shipbuilders and engineers, East Cowes, Isle of Wight. London office: 28, Victoria Street, S.W. This well-known firm of torpedo craft builders, etc., formally opened an aviation department on 1st January, 1913, with Howard T. Wright as general manager and designer. ----------------------------------+----------------+ | ~1913.~ | | Navy 'plane. | ----------------------------------+----------------+ ~Length~ feet (m.)| 30 (9.15) | ~Span~ feet (m.)| 44 (13.40) | ~Area~ sq. feet (m squared.)| 500 (46-1/2) | {total lbs. (kgs.)| 2000 (907) | ~Weight~ { | | {useful lbs. (kgs.)| 650 (295) | ~Motor~ h.p.| 160 Gnome | {max. m.p.h. (km.)| 70 (115) | ~Speed~ { | | {min. m.p.h. (km.)| 35 (57) | Number built | ... | ----------------------------------+----------------+ Remarks.--Hydro-biplane, with Howard T. Wright patent aeroplanes to give wide range of speed. Two patent hydro floats, 21 feet (m.) long, three steps on each. [Illustration: UAS.] BRITISH DIRIGIBLES. ~Navy.~ ~Army.~ /-------------------------^----------------------------------\ /------------------^--------------------\ --------------------------------+----------------+---------------------+-----------------------+-------------------+--------------------- | | | | | ~III, & IV & V~ Name and date. | ~II Willows 3.~|~III Astra Torres 2.~| ~IV Parseval 18.~ | ~II BETA.~ | ~GAMMA, DELTA,~ | ~1911.~ | ~1913.~ | ~1913.~ | ~1909 (1910.)~ | ~EPSILON.~ | | | | | ~1910, 1912, 1913.~ --------------------------------+----------------+---------------------+-----------------------+-------------------+--------------------- ~Volume~ c. feet (m cubed.)| 31,800 (900) | 222,500 (6,500) | 311,000 (8,800) | 21,000 (594) | 70,600 (2,000) ~Length~ feet (m.)| 120 (36.50) | ... | 276 (84) | 104 (31.70) | 152 (46) ~Diameter~ feet (m.)| 40 (12.20) | ... | 49-1/4 (15) | 25 (7.60) | 30 (9.10) {fabric | Spencer | Continental | Metzler | Gold beater skin | Continental ~Gasbags~ {compartments | _nil_ | 3 | _nil_ | _nil_ | _nil_ {ballonets | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 {total tons| about 1/2 | about 7 | about 10 | _about_ 3/4 | 2-1/5 ~Lift~ { | | | | | {useful, tons| ... | ... | ... | ... | ... ~Motors~ h.p.| 30 (=30) | 2--120 Chenu (=240) | 2--180 Maybach (=360) | 1--30 Green (=30) | 2--50 Green (=100) {number | 2 (swivel) | 2 | 2 (s.r.) steel | 1 | 2 (swivel) ~Propellers~ {blades | 2 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 2 {diameter feet (m.)| ... | ... | ... | 6 (1.82) | 8-5/6 ~Speed~ max. m.p.h. (km.)| ... | 38 (63) | 42 (68) | 18 (29) | 28 (45) ~Endurance~ full speed| ... | ... | ... | ... | 4 hours ~Max. complement~ | 2 | 15-18 | 10-12 | 3 | 5 ~Station~ | Farnborough | ... | ... | Farnborough | Farnborough --------------------------------+----------------+---------------------+-----------------------+-------------------+--------------------- Notes.--All the above are non-rigid. The military ones were all built at the Royal Aircraft Factory. ~Navy Dirigible Pilots.~ Boothby, Lieut. F. L. M. (_F.C._) Everett, Gunner F. Masterman, Comdr. E. A. D. (in command) Usborne, Lieut. N. F. (squad comdr.) Woodcock, Lieut. H. (_F.C._) Undergoing Naval Aircraft Course: Crocker, Lieut. W. R. Hicks, Lieut. W. C. Wilson, Lieut. R. A. ~Military Dirigible Pilots.~ ~Squadron Commanders.~ Maitland, Capt. E. M. ~Flight Commanders.~ Waterlow, Lieut. C. M. ~Flying Officers.~ Brabazon, Capt. Honble. C. M. P. Fletcher, Lieut. J. N. (R.E.) Hetherington, Lieut. T. G. Mackworth, Lieut. J. D. Pigot, Capt. R. The following hold dirigible pilot certificates, but are not at present employed:-- Broke Smith, Capt. P. Capper, Col. J. E. Fox, Lieut. A. G. ~Private Dirigibles.~ There are one _Willows_ (1912) (sister to the naval one) and a couple of _Spencers_ about the size of _Beta_. ~Private Dirigible Pilots.~ Willows, E. T. (24-32, Villa Rd. Handsworth, Birmingham). ~BRITISH NAVAL DIRIGIBLES.~ [Illustration: Willows. The naval one is fitted with a boat-shaped car.] [Illustration: Parseval. (photo of a sister ship.)] +-------------------------------------------------------------------+ | | | ~New Construction.~ | | | | Messrs. Vickers have acquired the Parseval rights for the British | | Empire, and several airships of this type are likely to be put in | | hand by them shortly. | | | | Also reported that a big rigid is projected. | | | +-------------------------------------------------------------------+ ~BRITISH MILITARY DIRIGIBLES.~ [Illustration: Beta.] [Illustration: BETA.] [Illustration: Gamma (Delta the same, but a smaller and enclosed car).] [Illustration: GAMMA.] BRITISH COLONIAL AIRCRAFT. ~AUSTRALIAN.~ ~Military Aviation.~ In January, 1913, the Australian Flying Corps was instituted, as a part of the citizen forces. During 1913, about L5,600 is to be spent. The force is to consist ultimately of 4 officers, 7 warrant officers and sergeants, 32 mechanics. The school is at Duntroon. Course includes--mechanics of the aeroplane, aerial motors, meteorology, aerial navigation by compass, aerial photography, signalling, etc. Mr. Harrison is in command with Lieut. H. Petre as assistant. ~Australian Aviators.~ Banks, R. C. Busteed, H. Duigan, J. R. Hammond, J. J. Harrison +Hart +Lindsay, C. Petre, H. Pickles Watts +=killed. ~Private Aeroplanes.~ J. R. Duigan has built an aeroplane of his own design. ~NEW ZEALAND.~ Nothing doing worth mention. One _Bleriot,_ 80 h.p., presented 1913 by the _Standard,_ London. ~CANADIAN.~ ~Aerial Societies.~ Aeronautical Society of Canada, c/o. M. P. Logan, 99 Gloucester Street, Toronto McGill Aviation Club, McGill University, Montreal Oshawa, Ontario Ae. C. Note.--Owing to the fact that the late Aerial Experiment Association was half Canadian and half U.S.A., it is difficult to draw a very clear dividing line between Canadian and U.S. aviators or machines. Thus, one given here is partly U.S.A., while at least one U.S. machine may be claimed as "partially Canadian." ~AVIATORS.--Private.~ Bell, Dr. Graham McCurdy, J. A. D. (U.S.A. Ae. C. 18) McHardy Symonds, E. F. St. Henry R. ~Canadian Aeroplanes.~ GRAHAM-BELL II. Flights were made by Dr. Graham-Bell in a tetrahedal type, similar to one described in the 1911 edition. McCURDY-WILLARD. Biplane. ~Maximum length,~ 26-1/4 feet (8 m.) ~maximum breadth,~ 31-1/3 feet (9.50 m.) ~supporting surface,~ ? sq. feet (? m squared.) ~Total weight.~-- ~Body.~--Central skid in combination with 4 wheels. Triangular body, base of triangle on top. Fuselage entirely enclosed. ~Planes.~--Maximum span, 31-1/3 feet (9.50 m.) Chord, 3-1/2 feet (1 m.) Gap, 5 feet (1.50 m.) Ailerons at trailing edge of wing tips, 6 feet x 2 feet (1.80x0.60 m.) ~Motor.~-- ~Speed.~-- ~Tractor.~--Diameter, 7-3/4 feet (2.40 m.) Pitch, 6 feet (1.82 m.) ~Steering.~--Double elevator placed in rear of tail. _Control_, push and pull wheel. Rudder in rear. _Control_, wheel. Ailerons. _Control_, turning steering-wheel left or right. Remarks.--See _Aeronautics_, U.S.A., August, 1911. There has been also the _Baddeck_ and other early machines (see 1911 edition), but none of them seem to be in existence at the present time. ~INDIAN.~ ~Military Aviation.~--A certain number of officers belonging to the Indian Army have qualified as pilots when home on leave, but there is no organised force. One is, however, proposed. ~Private Aviation.~--In the past two or three home-made machines appeared, and one or two were imported, but most or all are now extinct. ~SOUTH AFRICA.~ ~Military Aviation.~--Non-existent. ~Private Aviation.~--J. Weston is a qualified pilot, but at the outside there are not more than two effective machines in the country. BULGARIAN. In the Balkan War, 1912-13, Bulgaria hastily organised an aviation corps. This, though necessarily lacking in military organisation, proved very useful on several occasions. At the end of March, 1913, the aeroplanes effective included 6 _Bristol_ monos.; one 70 h.p. _Bleriot XXI_; 2 _Bleriot XI bis_ (captured from the Turks); also some half-dozen or more miscellaneous machines temporarily hired. ~Military Aviators.~--The principal are Lieuts. Milkoff, Taraxchieff and Petroff. A number of other officers in various stages of training. CENTRAL AMERICAN. ~General Note.~--Nicaragua and S. Domingo have both purchased one or two aeroplanes for their military forces: but nothing appears to have been done with them. CHILIAN. ~Aviator.~--Edwards, Emilio. Sanchez Besa is a Chilian, but resides in Paris (see France). ~Military Aviation.~--In 1912, a commencement was made and one 80 h.p. _Deperdussin_ purchased. Other machines are now on order. CHINESE. ~AVIATORS.~ Lee, Y. L. (British Ae.C. 148) Tsai Tao Prince ~Military Aviation.~ In March, 1913, orders were placed for six 80 h.p. _Caudrons_, also for six 50 h.p., and a decision arrived at gradually to acquire a force of 700 aeroplanes, but very little has actually been done to date. DANISH. ~Aerial Societies~:-- Danske Aeronautiske Selskab, 34 Amaliegade, Copenhagen. ~Aerial Journals~:-- None; but Motor (3 Bredgade, Mezz, Copenhagen) deals with aerial matters. ~Flying Grounds~:-- Klampenburg, Copenhagen. Skandinarisk Aerodrom. ~Army Aeroplanes.~ In 1911 there was an Antoinette. Nothing done since. ~AVIATORS.~ Military. Ullitkz, Kapt. Private. Arntzen, Dr. Christiansen, S. Ellerhammer Folmes, Hansen Maltke, Count Nervoe, A. Svendsen, R. Thorup, K. DUTCH. (Revised by I. SCHIERE, Aeronautical Engineer and Librarian of the Dutch Ae. C.) ~Aerial Societies:--~ Haagsche Proefvliegtuig Club (3e V.d. Boschstreet 20, The Hague). Nederlandsche Vereeniging voor Luchtvaart (Nassau Zuilensteintraat, 10, The Hague). (Ae. C.) Rotterdamsche Model Aero Club (Rochussenstreet 229b, Rotterdam). _Colonial:_ Nederlandsche Indische Vereeniging voor Luchtvaart. ~Aerial Journals:--~ _De Luchtvaart_ (Ged Onde-Gracht, 141, Haarlem). Fortnightly. _Avia_, Wynbrugstraat 13, Rotterdam. Fortnightly. ~Flying Grounds:--~ ~Breda-Gilske-Rijen.~--6 hangars. ~Soesterberg.~--20 hangars. ~Army Aeroplanes.~ Up to the end of 1911 there were none, though some officers had their own private ones (_H. Farman's_ mostly). At end of 1912. 2 monos. _Deperdussin_ (for Java). 1 biplane. _De Brouchere_ (for Java). ~AVIATORS.~ (The number against any name is, unless otherwise stated the Ae. C. Nederlandsche pilot certificate number.) To end of ~1911~. Military. Bakker, H. Yandrig Labouchere, Lieut. J. Meel, Lieut. Van Poorton, Lieut. H. ter Versreegh, Lt, W. C. J. Private. Bahle, F. K. Boerlage, M. Burgh, Van der Fokker, A. H. G. Hilgers, J. W. E. L. Konings, L. Koolhoven (1) Kueller, G. P. (2) Lutge, F. (4) (323, F.) Mulder, A. Riemsdyk, Van F. (5) Ryk, Madame Bde. Wynmalen, H. (6) (208, F.) The following Dutch aviator has been killed: +------------------+ | 1911. | | Van Maasdyck, C. | | (130, Ae. C. F.) | +------------------+ DUTCH AEROPLANES. DE BROUCKERE. Biplane. _H. Farman_ type. Details, _De Luchtvaart_, No. 8, 1911. FOKKER. Monoplane. Anthony Fokker, of Haarlem. In early 1912 flew at Breda. MONNIER-HARPER. Monoplane. (O.P.I.I.) Generally _Bleriot_ type. Built 1911. VAN DEN BURG. Monoplane. Early in 1912 was flying at Johannisthal, Germany. VREEDENBURGH. Monoplane. (O.P.I.I.) Blend of _Bleriot_ and _Antoinette_. Motor, 75 h.p. Miesse. Completed December, 1909. [Illustration] FOKKER. Monoplane. (See Germany for details.) Firm now established in Germany. DUTCH DIRIGIBLES. ~Military.~ DUINDIGT. Non-rigid. (Zodiac make.) ~Length~, 111-1/2 feet (34 m.) ~diameter~, 22-1/2 feet (60.80 m.) ~capacity~, 31,785 c. feet (900 m cubed.) ~Motor~.--18 h.p. Remarks.--Small edition of _Zodiac III_. (See France.) FRENCH. (Special French Editor.) ~Aerial Societies:--~ Aero Club de France. Academie Aeronautique de France. Aeronautique Club de France. Societe des Aeronautes du Siege. Aero Club du Sud Ouest. Aero Club du Rhone. Aero Club du Nord. La Ligue Aerienne du Sud. Societe Francaise de Navigation Aerienne. Societe d'encouragement a l'Aviation. (_Full list of clubs next page._) ~Aerial Journals:--~ _L'Aerophile._ _L'Aero._ _L'Aeronaute._ _Aerostat (Bulletin Aeronautique)._ _Aerostat (Academie d'Aerostation)._ _Revue de l'Aerostation._ _Le Ballon._ _L'Aerostation._ _L'Aeronautique._ _Bulletin Aeronautique._ _Encyclopediede l'Aviation._ _La Ligue Nationale Aerienne._ _Revue de l'Aviation._ _L'Aeromecanique._ ~Principal Flying Grounds:~ ~Antibes.~--Hanriot school. ~Beauce.~ ~Betheny.~--Sommer school. ~Deperdussin School.~ ~Buc.~--M. Farman school. ~Buoy.~ ~Chalons.~--Sommer school. ~Chalais-Mendon.~ (Military) ~Chatres.~--Savary school. ~Cran~, Marseilles. ~Crotoy.~--Caudron school. ~Croix d'Hins~, Bordeaux (Aer. Lig. du Sud.) Area 6 km. Track. Free sheds. ~Corbeaulieu~ pres. Compregne.--Doutre school. ~Etampes.~--Bleriot school. Farman school. ~Grand Camp, Lyons.~ ~Issy les Moulineaux.~--Astra school ~Juan-le-Pias.~--Paulhan aquaplane school. ~Juvissy~, near Paris.--Aerodrome. Caudron school. Goupy school. ~La Brayelle~, Douai.--Breguet school. ~Da motte Brueil dans L'Oise.~ ~Le Bourget~, Paris.--100 sheds. ~Le Mans.~ ~Moisson.~ ~Mourmelon.~--Voisin school. ~Napante.~ ~Nice.~--Small and rough surface. ~Pau.~--Bleriot school. ~Reims.~--Aerodrome. ~St. Cyr.~ ~Villacoublay~, Paris.--Breguet, Nieuport and Astra schools. FRENCH AEROPLANES. ~Military Aviation.~ In February, 1912, the then total of 208 effective aeroplanes were divided into "squadrillas" consisting of eight aeroplanes; attached to these eleven or twelve motor cars, one traction car and one fast car, also a repairing car and repairing van. It was then estimated that at the end of 1912, ~344~ aeroplanes would be available for service. The estimated _personnel_ was provisionally fixed at 234 officer pilots, 210 scouts, 42 mechanics, 110 officers, 1,600 corporals or sappers and 550 privates. Approximately L880,000 was spent in aviation during 1912, and L1,000,000 was estimated for future years. The French military aviation centres are all upon somewhat the same footing as fortresses, and the greater part of the work comes under the head of "confidential." The principal school is at St. Cyr, which was specially selected because the ground is rough and mostly covered with small shrubs: it being held important to train officers from the first to rise and land on ground similar to that most likely to be found in war time. Each station is supplied with large portable wooden-framed hangars covered with canvas. These can be rapidly taken to pieces and re-erected. Each station is supplied with its own special motor transport. All military machines are provided with a compass and map case in front of the pilot and sketching apparatus in front of the observer. Although a few non-commissioned officers have been taught flying, the organization only contemplates the employment of commissioned officers as pilots. The age limit is 38. On April 16th, 1913, the flying corps was modified. The principal features of the corps as now existing are as follows:-- ~Establishments.~