3. Lyon.

~General.~ All squadron units are made up of machines of the same make and power. Pilots are detailed as required to any particular unit, and liable to transfer from one to another, though in practice such transfers are rare. ~Army Aeroplanes.~ During 1912 nearly 500 machines were delivered to the Army, but a great many old machines have been scrapped. At the end of March, 1913, the force stood at 421 effective for war machines, plus an uncertain number of school machines and obsoletes. About one-third or more of the effective aeroplanes were _Farmans_. The rest consisted of all leading French types, proportionated more or less to the productive capacity of these firms. Also certain other makes experimental. ~Navy Aviation.~ The Navy section of French military aviation is still in the "being formed" process. No data are yet available as to the ultimate force to be provided. At present the number of effective war machines is small. It is made up of hydro-avions of the following types:--_Astra_, _Borel_, _Breguet_, _Caudron_, _Deperdussin_, _Donnet-Leveque_, _Farman_, _Paulhan-Curtiss_, _Sanchez-Besa_, the total at end of March, 1913, being well under 20. There are also two special _Bleriot_ type fitted with floats, which carry 330 lbs of explosive, are fitted with wireless, have a speed of 140 km.p.h. (85 m.p.h.), and a radius of about 600 miles (1,000 km.) ~PRINCIPAL FRENCH ARMY AND NAVY AVIATORS.~ (In each case the number against each name is, unless otherwise stated, the Ae. C. French certificate pilot number.) Army. Abadie, Sous Officier Acevedo, Lieut. (740) Acquaviva, Lieut. Paul V. (68) Aiguillon, Lt. R.d' (308) Aubry, Lieut. Balensi, Capt. Albert (173) Bares, Capt. (543) Basset, Lieut. Paul (145) Battini, Lieut. G. (508) Baugnies, Lt. J. B. E. (193) Beatrix, Sous Officier Bellemois, Lieut. G. (546) Bellenger, Capt. M. (45) Berni, Lieut. (760) Biard, Capt. G. M. (261) Bihan, Lieut. Binda, Lieut. Louis (232) Blard, Lieut. (460) Bobillier, Lieut. Boerner, Lieut. Boissonas, Lieut. (443) Bon, Lieut. Boncour, Lieut. (478) Bonnier, Lieut. (478) Bonnier, General (137) Boucher, Lieut. Bousnuet, Lieut. P. (295) Breley, Lieut. Brenot, Capt. Brouchard, Lieut. Brugiere, Lt. Brule, Lieut. (436) Bruncher, Lieut. Burgeat, Capt. M. (44) Camerman, Lieut. F. (33) Camine, Capt. Campagne, Lieut. (782) Casse, Capt. (415) Chabert, Lieut. Charoux, Sous Officier Chavenac, Lieut. E. (551) Cheutin, Lt. E. J. (233) Chevreau, Lieut. R. (132) Clavenad, Lieut. P. (294) Clerc, Lieut. (465) Clolus, Commdt. G. (97) Couret, Lieut. Coville, Capt. D'Abrantes, Lieut. D'Aquillon, Lieut. De Beruis, Lieut. De Caumont, Capt. De Chanac Lanzac, Capt. De Geyer, Lieut. De Gorge, Lieut. (805) De Goys, Capt. De Lafargue (417) De L'Estrade, Lieut. De Rose, Lieut. P. (477) Destace, Capt. Destouches, Capt. Devarenne, Lieut. Devaulx, Lieut. R. (158) De Ville d'Avray, Lieut. Didier, Sous Officier (765) Do-Ird, Lieut. Drevet, Sous Officier (753) Duparquet, Capt. Duperron, Capt. (196) Dupin, Lieut. Eteve, Capt. A. (89) Erstorac, Capt. Felix, Capt. J. (270) Fequant, Lieut. A. (63) Fequant, Lieut. P. (340) Fierstein, Sous Officier Francezon, E. (410) Foirelline, Lieut. Garnier, Lieut. (305) Garnier, Lt. (826) Gastringer, Lieut. Gaubert, Lieut. E. (313) Germain, Lieut. Girard, Lieut. J. (197) Gironde, Lt. A. de Godefroy, Sous Officier (583) Gouin, Lt. M. E. R. (348) Gourlez, Lieut. (521) Grezaud, S.-Lt. P. (265) Grailly, Lieut. (399) Gronier, Lieut. J. (138) Grandjean, Sapper Guibart, Lieut. Guiton, Sous Officier Hable, Sous-Lt. A. L. (257) Hugoni, Capt. E. (165) Hanouille, Lieut. Henequin, Lieut. Henri, Lieut. (497) Herli, S.-Lt. (257) Hurard, Sous Officier Issartier (531) Jacquet, Lieut. Joly, Lieut. F. (341) Jost, Lieut. R. G. (264) Kass, Capt. Langardt, Lieut. Laurent, Sous Officier (246) Le Beau, Capt. Le Bleu, Lieut. Lelievre, Lieut. E. (522) Lemasson, Lieut. (506) Le Mauget, Capt. Letheux, Lieut. G. (142) Letort, Sapper (170) Letourneur, Lieut. Lucca, Lieut. D. (154) Ludmann, Lieut. G. (255) Lussigny, Lieut. Machin, Lieut. Mailfert, Lieut. F. (146) Maillois, Lieut. J. (131) Malherbe, Lt. de (334) Maneyrol, Lieut. Manoha, Lt. Marc, Lt. Marconnet, Capt. (90) Marie, Capt. Felix (80) Marlin, Lieut. Marmies, Lieut. Marty, Sous Officier (816) Massol, Lieut. Mauger, Lieut. Maurice, Lieut. Mazac, Lieut. (592) Migaud, Lieut. G. (501) Morel, Sous-Lt. P. (262) Morlaye, Lieut. la Mouchard, Lieut. Negre, Capt. Nicaud, Lieut. Nogues, Capt. (114) Normand, Lieut. F. (314) Pelloux, Sous-Lt. M. (346) Peraldi, Lieut. Peretti, Sous Officier Pierre, Lieut. Ponchet, Lieut. Prat, Lieut. Precardin, Lieut. Princetau, Lieut. Postulat, Sergt. Quennehen, Sous Officier Ragot, Lieut. Remy, Lieut. H. C. (143) Reynard, Lieut. (668) Rimbert, Lieut. Rocca-Serra, Lieut. Rochette, Lieut. J. (564) Rolland, Lieut. M. E. (545) Ronin, Lieut. Rougerie, Lieut. Sauleillon, Lt. A. (674) Saunier, Lieut. G. (153) Seguin, Sapper (528) Sevelle, Lieut. (747) Silvestre, Lieut. (599) Sido, Capt. Marie (65) Sourdeau, Lieut. A. (474) Soulielani, Lieut. Thomas, Lieut. (846) Thomas, R. (116) Touzet, E. (485) Tretane, Lieut. Tricornot de Rose, Lt. de (330) Vandamone, Lieut. (535) Van de Vaero, Lt. (491) Vandine, Lieut. Varcin, Lieut. Vaudein, Lieut. Verdier, Sous Officier (538) Vibra, Lieut. Vigne, Lt. Henri (315) Vinda, Lieut. Vitra-Rougerie, Lieut. Vocayeau, Lieut. Vogoya, Capt. Vuilliereme, Lt. L. (174) Watteau, Lieut. Willemenz, Lieut. (759) Yence, Lieut. R, (220) Naval. Byasson, Lt. de V. (175) Cayla, Lieut. (458) Conneau, Lieut. (322) "Beaumont" Davelny, Comdt. Delage, Lieut. G. (219) Fournier, Lieut. Hautefille, Lieut. (247) Lafon, Lt. (194) Leve, Lieut. (243) Parasa, Lieut. (179) Reymond, Lieut. (206) ~FRENCH AEROPLANES--PRIVATE.~ ~Private Aeroplanes.~ The total number of machines built in France during 1912 has been estimated at about 1,500. This includes military as well as private machines, also machines exported, and appears to be unduly generous even so. The actual total of machines commenced and completed in 1912 is nearer 1,000. The number of private aeroplanes--excluding demonstration and school machines is small. ~PRIVATE AVIATORS~ (brevets to end of 1911). (In each case the number against each name is, unless otherwise stated, the Ae. C. French certificate pilot number.) Algrin, Rene (252) Allard, M. (480) Alincourt (488) Andre, C. (192) Aubrun (21) Bachot, A. (271) Baeder, F. de (107) Bague, E. (337) Balliod, Louis (236) Balaye, A. (275) Balsan, Jacques (22) Baratoux, Marcel (49) Barbotte, Ernest (268) Barra, Franck (171) Barrier, A. (64) Banier, Rene (64) Bathiat, Georges (237) Bathiat, Leon (110) Beard, Pierre (276) Beaud, Edouard (150) Becue, Jean F. (263) Bellier, Albert (297) Bellot, Andre (317) Benoist, Jean (369) Bergognie, Charles (373) Bernard, A. (505) Berlot, Henri J. (450) Biard, Desire J. (460) Bielovucic, Jean (87) Bill, Henri (205) Blanchet, Georges (244) Bleriot, Louis (1) Blondeau, Gustave (101) Bobba, Andre (309) Boillot, Geo. (395) Boissounas, L. (443) Boise de Courcenay, Comte (283) Boivin, Albert (248) Bonzon, Maurice (355) Bouvier, Andre (120) Boyer, Louis (303) Bregi, Henry (26) Breguet, Louis (52) Bresson, Georges (280) Briancon, Lucien (277) Briey, F. de (492) Brindejonc des Moulinais (449) Bruneau de Laborie, E. (67) Bunau-Varilla, E. (16) Busson, Guillaume (121) Caille, Albert (200) Caramanlaki, A. (761) Carles, Fernand (362) Carlin, L. V. (554) Caudron, Rene (180) Cayla, P. (458) Chailliey, Henri (63) Challe, M. J. (523) Champel, Florentin (94) Chanteloup, P. (549) Chapelle, J. (547) Charpentier, Louis (286) Chassagne, Jean (160) Chausse, P. (519) Chaussier, Piere (384) Chatain, Marius L. (267) Chatain, L. M. L. (296) Chateau, Edouard (135) Chaunac-Lenzac de (394) Chemet, Geo. (159) Cheuret, Leon (62) Cherent, L. (62) Chevalier, J. (515) Chevalier, Louis (333) Chevillard, Maurice (385) Chioni, Basile (250) Clerc, Paul A. L. (465) Clement, M. (108) Collardeau, Geo. (393) Collieux, M. (85) Collin, Georges (279) Conard (647) Contard, Paul (351) Contenet, Henri (447) Contour, Ernest (371) Contre (657) Cordonnier, Robert (221) Corso, E. (529) Crochon, Andre (43) Cronier, Andre M. H. (352) Cugnet, Gaston (140) Cure, Gaston M. (242) Daillens, Jean (119) Dancourt, P. H. (520) Debener, M. (562) Deletang, Fernand (42) Delacroix, Maurice (452) Delagrange, Robert (366) De La Roche, Mde. (36) Deloche, R. D. (526) Denis, Auguste (380) Deroy, Francis (374) Derry, Leon (254) Deruissy, Andre (376) Despres, E. M. L. (527) Deschamps de Bois, Hebert (461) Didier, A. (77) Divetain, Pierre (466) Driancourt, M. L. (525) Dubonnet, Emile (47) Ducoweneau (456) Dufour, Jean M. R. (457) Dufour, Jean (96) Dufour, Louis (185) Duval, E. (118) Duval, Emile (118) Echeman, P. M. (466) Esnault-Pelterie, R. (4) Espanet, Dr. G. (532) Farman, Henry (5) Farman, Maurice (6) Fiorellimo, Louis (369) Florencie, Jean (201) Fournie, J. P. S. (502) Frantz, Joseph (363) Francq, Baron de (481) Frey, Alfred (48) Frey, Andre (93) Froussart, Ernest (350) Frugier, Leon (378) Gaget, Joseph (335) Gaillard, J. O. C. (504) Gallie, Fernand (343) Gardey, M. (482) Garros, Roland (147) Garsonnin, L. (555) Gastinger, Edouard M. (455) Gassnier, Rene (39) Gassier, Marcel (392) Gasnier, Pierre (391) Gaudart, Louis (228) Gaulard, Charles (302) Gautheron, Louis (449) Gaye, Georges (251) Gibert, Louis (92) Gilbert, Eugene (240) Giraud, Etienne (493) Glorieux, Leon (188) Gobe, Armand (102) Gobron, Jean (7) Goffin, Marcel (284) Gouguenheim, P. (388) Goux, Jules (398) Gournay, Henri (186) Goys de Mereyrac, Louis (354) Grandjean, E. C. H. (469) Grandseigne, R. (360) Granel, Marcel (117) Grellet, Alexis (370) Gressard, M. (725) Gue, Albert (216) Guerre, Henri (444) Guidard, V. P. (487) Guilband, C. J. (518) Guillemard, T. (445) Guillaume, C. (651) Hainaux, Marcel R. (239) Hanriot, Marcel R. (239) Hanriot, Rene (368) Herbster, Maurice (41) Herveu, Mlle. Jane (318) Hesne, Paul (113) Houlette, Andre (367) Jacquemart, G. C. (464) Jamblez, Paul A. (266) Janoir, L. (553) Joliot, Andre (202) Joly, C. E. M. (530) Julleriot, Henry (61) Junod, Auguste (253) Kauffman, Paul (198) Kergariou, Engard de (503) Kieffer, C. E. (372) Kummerling, A. (291) Koechlin, Jean P. (203) Kuhling, Paul L. (136) Labouchere, Rene (86) Labouret, Rene (222) Lacombe, P. (534) Ladougne, Emile (81) Lafarge, Henri (278) Lajous, Francois, A. (463) Lambert, Comte de (8) Langhe, Armand de (204) Lastours, H. R. de (552) Larfinty-Tholosan, Marquis Jules (468) Laroche, Mme. Raymonde (36) Latzel, J. (700) Leblanc, Alfred (17) Lecomte, Henri (320) Legagneux, Georges (55) Le Lasseur de Ranzay, G. (479) Lemartin, Theodore (249) Lenfant, Louis (386) Leouet, B. L. (485) Leprince, P. (494) Lesire, Eugene (176) Lesseps, Jacques de (27) Leyat, Marcel (364) Lieutard, H. (497) Liger, A. (573) Lombardi, Henri (241) Loridan, Marcel (224) Magnan, Leon (379) Magneval, Gabriel (359) Mahieu, Georges E. (123) Mallet, J. A. P. (490) Mamet, Julien (18) Marchal, Anselem (328) Maron, P. H. (495) Marquezy, Rene (238) Martin, Edouard (365) Martin, Xavier (162) Martinet, Robert (78) Marvingt, Marie (281) Mauvais, Jean (144) Metrot, Rene (19) Meyer, Jules M. (229) Mignot, Robert (76) Miltgen, Paul (339) Moineau, R. L. (554) Molla, Henri (172) Montalent, O. de (509) Montjou, Guy de (446) Mollien, Elie A. (57) Molon, Leon (25) Molon, Louis (234) Molon, Lucien (235) Montigny, Alfred de (69) Morane, Leon F. (54) Morelle, Edmond (35) Morel, P. F. (524) Morin, Roger (306) Mouthier, Louis (157) Mousnier, Yvon (454) Niel, Albert (104) Niel, Mme. Marthe (226) Nissole, Edouard (383) Noe, A. G. M. (498) Noel, Andre (122) Obre, Emile (148) Ors, Jean (382) Orus, Maurice (256) Osmon, Geo. (361) Paillette, Marcel (99) Paillole, E. C. L. (556) Palade, Antoine (387) Pallier, Mdlle. Parent, Francois (189) Paris-Leclerc, Max (190) Partiot, G. (516) Pascal, Ferdinand (301) Paul, Ernest (91) Paulhan, Louis (10) Pequet, Henri (88) Perin, Albert (161) Perreyon, Edmond (311) Perrigot, J. (499) Picard, Pierre (174) Planchet, Edmond (319) Poillot (182) Pommier, Martin (400) Porcheron, L. A. (471) Pouleriguen, F. (349) Poumet (576) Pourpe, Marc Pourpe, M. M. E. A. (560) Prevost, M. (475) Prevoteau, G. (507) Prier, Pierre (169) Raoblt, Jean (386) Reimbert, Ernest (375) Reichert, Henri (377) Renaux, Eugene (139) Renaud de la Fregeoliere (396) Rey, P. A. P. (517) Reymond, Senator Richet, A. (537) Rigal, Victor (60) Rivolier, Jean (381) Robillard, G. de (184) Robinet, J. (476) Romance, F. de (288) Rougier, Henry (11) Ruby, F. L. (514) Ruchonnet (127) Sallard, H. (794) Sallenave, Henru (66) Savary, Robert (112) Schlumberger, M. (316) See, Raymond (187) Servies, Jules (218) Simon, Rene (177) Sommer, Roger (29) Tabateau, Maurice (128) Taurin, Andre (84) Tetard, Maurice (79) Thieulin, Joseph (459) Tissandier, Paul (13) Tixier, Henri (397) Toussin, Rene (56) Train, Emile Louis (167) Vallier, Edmond P. (269) Vallon, Rene (109) Van Gaver, Paul (338) Vasseur, Narcisse (282) Vedrines, Jules (312) Vendrines, E. (536) Verliac, Adrien (129) Vergmault, O. (561) Verrier, Pierre (390) Versepuy, Leon (149) Vialard, Charles (342) Vidart, Rene (133) Villeneuve Trans, Louis de (285) Vimard, E. (484) Visseaux, Henri (217) Vittoz-Gallet, G. (500) Wagner, Louis (83) Walleton, Louis (304) Weiss, H. (73) Wintrebert, Henri (300) Zens, Ernest (28) The following French aviators have been killed:-- +-------------------------+ | 1909. | | Ferber, Capt. | | Lefebvre, E. | | | | 1910. | | Blanchard (215) | | Delagrange, Leon (3) | | Le Blon (38) | | Poillot (182) | | | | 1911. | | Byasson, Lt. | | Camine, Capt. | | Caumont, Lieut. (156) | | Carron, Capt. | | Chotard, Lieut. | | De Grailly, Lieut. | | Desparmet, J. (451) | | Dupuis, Lieut. | | Gaubert (59) | | Laffont, A. (111) | | Lautheaume, Lt. | | Level | | Liere, Louis | | Loder, Lt. | | Madiot, Capt. (106) | | Mommlin | | Nieuport, E. (105) | | Noel | | Princeteau, Lt. (331) | | Ruchonnet | | Tarron, Capt. | | Vallon, Rene | | Wachter, C. L. (53) | +-------------------------| ~FRENCH PRIVATE AVIATORS, 1912.~ Adam-Gironne (818) Arondel, P. (827) Andenis, C. (788) Badet (622) Balighant, G. (588) Barbarou, M. (702) Basano, F. (828) Baudrin, E. (609) Bedel, R. (668) Beatrix, C. (781) Benoit, O. (771) Benoist, G. (667) Bertin, L. (801) Blaignan (633) Bleu, Le (643) Boiteau, G. (833) Boerlage (666) Bordage, A. (650) Boncour (678) Boucher, F. (600) Borie, A. (803) Brocard, A. (770) Brodin, E. (838) Brouard, E. (807) Bruginere, A. (813) Cailleaux, A. (617) Carreard, G. (779) Castellan, E. (639) Cavalier, M. (764) Caye, M. (672) Cerantes, F. (611) Chabert, V. (631) Chandenier, L. (804) Coblyn, L. (735) Contre (657) Corsini, A. (654) Cornier, R. (605) Coville, F. (594) Couffin, L. (619) Dambricourt, J. (773) De Beausire de Seyssel (756) Debroutelle, P. (806) De Chabot, P. (783) De Gensac, A. (836) De Lareinty Tholozan, H. (822) Delacour, J. (602) Delaunay, P. M. (635) Deleraye, M. (790) De l'Escaille (791) Delmas, M. (837) De Marmies, R. (663) De Mazurkiewicz, W. C. (707) Denhaut, F. (690) Des Pres de la Morlais (636) De Pontac (596) De Reals, R. (686) De Ryk (Mme. B.) (652) De Segonac, R. (669) Desille, L. (581) De Vergnette, C. (792) De Villepin, O. (832) Do Huu, T. (649) Drouhet, F. (727) Dussot, A. (733) Dutertre, C. (748) Ecomand, G. (714) Ehrmann, L. (646) Escot, P. (624) Eymien, S. (726) Fassin, F. (844) Faucompre, L. (814) Fleiche, L. (729) Foudre, R. (808) Foulquier, M. (772) Francois, A. (665) Galon, S. (613) Garros, R. (811) Glaize, F. (845) Godot, J. (815) Grazzioli, A. (687) Grasset, A. (800) Greppo, J. (676) Guerre, P. (730) Guillaux, E. (749) Hanne, A. (681) Helen, E. (586) Hembert (662) Hurard, J. (757) Hustinx, C. (716) Irate, G. (655) Jacquin, A. (582) Jailler, L. (682) Jeannerod, H. (696) Jeansoulin, L. (703) Joachim, H. (610) Jourjon, R. (841) Junquet, P. (621) Kormann (789) Lambert, A. (618) Lanier, P. (684) Lantheaume, C. (616) Latzel, J. (700) Le Bleu, P. (643) Leclerc, P. (593) Lefebvre, L. (691) Lecontellec, H. (810) Lenfant, P. (731) Lemoine, A. (632) Leroy, J. (638) Lesne, M. (796) Levasseur, J. (743) Le Vassor, J. (704) Lewis, J. (642) Loubignac, L. (793) Lumiere, G. (840) Madon, G. (595) Magnin, L. (648) Maicon, A. (695) Mandelli, P. (762) Mauger, D. (750) Malecaze, J. (776) Mancarot (710) Mazier, L. (634) Melin, E. (699) Metairie, A. (689) Mouroux, J. (724) Navarre, A. (584) Noel, L. (656) Nove-Josseraud (825) Olivier, L. (556) Pasquier, Baron R. (728) Penet, H. (809) Pia, G. (829) Picard, F. (601) Poulet, E. (709) Radisson, V. (834) Raulet, F. (658) Richer, H. (607) Ridont, R. (817) Roussel, L. (659) Roux, H. (715) Saint-Michel Rivet (604) Sallard, H. (794) Sauson de Sausal (812) Schneegaus, C. (712) Senart, J. (661) Sensever, H. (580) Senougue, A. (823) Serant, L. (679) Seyrat, J. (830) Shigeno, K. (744) Soularis, M. (698) Soyer, H. (671) Testulat, P. (821) Thierry de Ville d'Avray (579) Thoret, J. (708) Tierch, M. (645) Tournier, A. (677) Trescartes, L. (842) Vallet, C. (734) Vaudelle, R. (785) Vandinck, A. (787) Vandal, P. (598) Ventre, L. (585) Vidal Soler, E. (686) Vogoyeau, A. (755) Whitehouse, W. (589) Zens, P. (675) Zorra, L. (653) ~Killed.~ +---------------------------------+ | 1912. | | Barillon (307) | | Bedell, R. | | Bernard, Suzanne | | Boerner, Lieut. | | Boncour, Lieut. | | Bressand, Lieut. | | Chanteriers, Lieut. | | Dubois, Capt. | | Ducourneau, Lieut. | | Etienne, Lieut. | | Faure, Capt. | | Lacour | | Madiot, Capt. (106) | | Maguet, Capt. le | | Nieuport, C. | | Olivers, G. | | Peignan, Lieut. A. | | Poutrin, Lieut. | | Sevelle, Lieut. H. P. | | Thiery de Ville d'Avray, Lieut. | | Thomas, Lieut. | | Wagner, A. | | | | 1913. | | Bresson, Lieut. | +---------------------------------+ FRENCH AEROPLANES. ~A~ AERIENNE. L'Aerienne, 25 Quai des Grands Agustins, Paris. Builds to specifications and supplies all parts. ANTOINETTE. Company has ceased to exist. ASTRA. "Astra" Soc. de Constructions Aeronautiques, (Anciens Etabs. Surcouf) Soc. An'yme 13 Rue Couchat, Billancourt (Seine). Works: 121-123 Rue de Bellevue, Billancourt. Flying grounds: Issy-les-Molineux Villacoublay (S-&-O). This old established balloon and dirigible firm first took up aviation as French agents for the _Wrights_ in 1909. For a time they built _Wrights_ with certain modifications, but by 1912, little save the Wright system of warping remained. Capacity: about 100 machines a year. +------------------------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+----------------- | Biplane, | Military | Biplane, | Mil. biplane, | Hydro-biplane, | type C. | biplane | Type C. | type C.M. | type C.M. | ~1912-13.~ | type C.M. | ~1913.~ | ~1913.~ | ~1913.~ | Wood. | ~1912-13.~ | Wood & steel. | Wood & steel. | Wood & steel | | Wood | | | -------------------------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+----------------- ~Length~ feet (m.)| 34 (10.40) | 36 (10.97) | 34 (10.40) | 36 (10.97) | 32-3/4 (10) ~Span~ feet (m.)| 41 (12.50) | 40-1/2 (12.32) | 41 (12.50) | 40-1/2 (12.32) | 39-1/2 (12) ~Area.~ sq. feet (m squared)| 519 (48.2) | 519 (48.2) | 519 (48.2) | 519 (48.2) | 519 (48.2) {machine lbs. (kgs.)| 1764 (800) | 2365 (1073) | ... | 1411 (640) | 1763 (800) ~Weight~ { | | | | | (unladen) {useful lbs. (kgs.)| 661 (300) | 882 (400) | ... | ... | ... ~Motor~ h.p.| 50 Renault | 75 Renault | 50 Renault | 75 Renault | 100 Renault | | or 75 Chenu | | | {max. m.p.h. (km.)| 56 (90) | 56 (90) | 56 (90) | 56 (90) | 56 (90) ~Speed~ { | | | | | {min. m.p.h. (km.)| ... | ... | ... | ... | ... ~Endurance~ hrs.| ... | ... | ... | ... | ... Number built during 1912 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... -------------------------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+----------------- Remarks.--The 1912-13 and 1913 types differ only in the adoption of metal in the 1913 models, which are consequently considerably lighter. General features.--Warping wings. Fixed tail planes with two elevators in rear. Single rudder. Single tractor geared down 1 to 2. Type C carries 85 litres petrol; type C.M., 137 litres. [Illustration: Astra. Military "C.M." 1913.] [Illustration: Astra. Hydro-avion, 1913.] ~B~ BERTIN. L. Bertin, 23 rue de Rocroy, Paris. About 1908 Bertin began building helicopters. The machine below was exhibited in the 1913 Paris Salon. [Illustration: Bertin. UAS.] ------------------------------+-------------+ | ~1913.~ | | Monoplane. | | 2-seater. | ------------------------------+-------------+ ~Length~ feet (m.)| 29 (8.80) | ~Span~ feet (m.)| 34 (10.40) | ~Area~ sq. feet (m squared.)| 226 (21) | {machine, lbs. (kgs.)| 770 (350) | ~Weight~ { | | {useful lbs. (kgs.)| ... | ~Motor~ h.p.| 100 Bertin | ~Speed~ {max m.p.h. (km.)| 71 (115) | Number built during 1912 | 1 | ------------------------------+-------------+ Remarks.--Wood and steel construction. On wheels only. _Controls:_ warping and rear elevator. BESSON. Marcel Besson, 24 rue Marbeuf, Paris. Capacity: small. Besson first appeared in 1911 with a tail-first mono. In the Paris Salon, 1913, he exhibited an improved machine along similar lines. ------------------------------+-------------+ | ~1913~ | | _Canard_ | | 2-seater. | ------------------------------+-------------+ ~Length~ feet (m.)| 22 (6.70) | ~Span~ feet (m.)| 44 (13.40) | ~Area~ sq. feet (m squared.)| 323 (30) | {machine, lbs. (kgs.)| 730 (331.2) | ~Weight~ { | | {useful lbs. (kgs.)| ... | ~Motor~ h.p.| 70 Gnome | ~Speed~ m.p.h.(km.)| 59 (95) | Number built during 1912 | 1 | ------------------------------+-------------+ Remarks.--All steel construction. On wheels and 2 skids. _Control:_ ailerons and front elevator. BLERIOT Monoplanes. L. Bleriot, "Bleriot-Aeronautique," 39, Route de la Revolte, Paris-Levallois. Flying grounds: Buc Etampes and Pau. L. Bleriot began to experiment in 1906, along Langley lines. By 1909 he was one of the leading French firms; and the first cross Channel flight was made by him. Details of standard types:-- -----------------------------+----------------+----------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+------------ | | ~XXI.~ | ~XXVII.~ | | | | ~XI~ _bis._ | Military | Single seat | ~XXVIII.~ | ~XXVIII.~ | Monocoque | 2-seater mono. | side by side | mono. | Single seater | 2-seater | 2-seater |(~1911~ onward) | 2-seater mono. | ~1912.~ | ~1913.~ | ~1913.~ | ~1913.~ | | ~1912.~ | | | | -----------------------------+----------------+----------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+------------ ~Length~ feet (m)| 27-1/3 (8.40) | 27-1/4 (8.24) | 28 (8.50) | 25 (7.60) | 27 (8.20) | ... ~Span~ feet (m)| 36 (11) | 36 (11) | 29-1/2 (9) | 29 (8.80) | 32 (9.75) | 40 (12.25) ~Area~ sq. ft. (m squared.)| 349 (33) | 268 (25) | 129 (12) | 162 (15) | 215 (20) | 270 (25) {unladen, lbs. (kgs)| ... | 727 (330) | 529 (240) | 530 (240) | 660 (300) | 830 (375) ~Weight~ { | | | | | | {useful lbs. (kgs.)| ... | ... | ... | 286 (129) | 550 (250) | ... ~Motor~ h.p.| 50 Gnome | 70 Gnome | 70 Gnome | 50 Gnome | 70 Gnome | 80 Gnome {max. m.p.h. (km.)| 56 (90) | 56 (90) | 78 (125) | 62 (100) | 71 (115) | 75 (120) ~Speed~ { | | | | | | {min. m.p.h. (km.)| ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... ~Endurance~ hrs.| ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... Number built during 1912 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... -----------------------------+----------------+----------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+------------ Note.--The monos., as usual, are of wood construction; wheels only for landing. Rectangular section bodies. Warping wings, elevator in rear. Chauviere propeller. The monocoque has wood, steel and cork construction. Coque body. Skids to landing chassis. Levasseur propeller. Otherwise as the other monos. Principal _Bleriot_ flyers are or have been:--Aubrun, Balsan, Bleriot, Busson, Chavez, Cordonnier, Delagrange, Drexel, Efimoff, Gibbs, Hubert, Hamel, Moissant, Paulhan, Prevetau, Prevot, Prier, Radley, Thorup, Tyck, Wienzciers, and many others. [Illustration: Bleriot XI _bis._] [Illustration: 1913 type of XI _bis._ UAS.] [Illustration: Bleriot XXVII.] [Illustration: BLERIOT XXI. UAS. General standard type of _Bleriot_ 1912 & 1913.] ~Special types of Bleriots.~--In addition to the standard machines, Bleriot from time to time produces special machines, of which the best known is the _Limousine_, built for M. Deutsch de la Meurthe, built 1911 and still existing. One or two Canards have also been built, including an armoured military. [Illustration: BLERIOT-LIMOUSINE. UAS.] Early in 1913 a special experimental military machine was produced with considerable secrecy. [Illustration: BLERIOT MILITARY. Special 1913 military. UAS.] BOREL. G. Borel & Cie, 25 rue Brunel, Paris. Established 1910. Capacity: about 25 machines a year. -----------------+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------- Model. | ~1913.~ | ~1913.~ | ~1913.~ | Monoplane. | Monocoque Racer. | Hydro-mono. | | | 2-seater. -----------------+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------- ~Length~ | 22 feet (6.70 m.) | 19 feet (5.80 m.) | 27 feet (8.30 m.) ~Span~ | 30 feet (9.15 m.) | 26 feet (8.00 m.) | 37 feet (11.25 m.) ~Area~ | 152 sq. ft. (14 m squared.) | 116 sq. ft. (11 m squared.) | 237 sq. ft. (22 m squared.) {total | 530 lbs. (240 kgs.) | 608 lbs. (276 kgs.) | 880 lbs. (399 kgs.) ~Weight~ { | | | {useful | 287 lbs. (130 kgs.) | ... | ... ~Motor~ | 50 Gnome | 80 Gnome | 80 Gnome ~Speed~ (p.h.)| 71 m. (115 km.) | 94 m. (150 km.) | 62 m. (100 km.) -----------------+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------- Note.--The monocoque is of wood and steel construction, the others wood only. The monocoque has coque body, the others ordinary rectangular section. Floats of the hydro as illustrated. For the rest the ordinary mono. is practically on the same lines as the 1912. The racer is somewhat on _Deperdussin_ lines, but the body is built up inside. No fixed tail. The hydro. is an enlarged edition of the mono. Floats display nothing very original, except that a float under tail is interconnected with the rudder, and that the two front floats are fitted for being rowed. Fitted with a self-starter. [Illustration: 1913 Borel. Hydro-avion. _By favour of "Flight."_ UAS.] [Illustration: Hydro-avion.] There is also a Denhaut design, 1913, about the same as a _Donnet-Leveque_. [Illustration: Borel. Monocoque. UAS.] BREGUET. Soc. Anonyme des ateliers d'aviation, Louis Breguet, 16 Boulevard Vauban, Donai (Nord). Capacity: about 200 machines a year. Paris office: 25, Boulevard Jules Sandeau. Schools at La Brayelle, pris Douai, Velisy-Villacoublay, pris Paris. ----------------------------------+------------------+------------------+-------------------+------------------+------------------ | | | | | Aerhydroplane | ~G2~ bis. | ~G3.~ | ~C-U1.~ | ~C-U2.~ | tandem ~1913 models.~ | 2 or 3-seater | 3-seater | 2-seater | 2-seater | mono. | biplane. | biplane. | biplane. | biplane. | 2-seater, | | | | | side by side. ----------------------------------+------------------+------------------+-------------------+------------------+------------------ ~Length~ feet (m)| 33 (10) | 29 (8.75) | 29 (8.75) | 29 (8.75) | 29 (8.75) ~Span~ feet (m)| 49 (15) | 45 (13.65) | 45 (13.65) | 45 (13.65) | 42 (12.80) ~Area~ sq. feet (m squared)| 376 (35) | 377 (36) | 387 (36) | 387 (36) | 387 (36) {empty, lbs. (kgs.)| 1323 (600) | 1212 (550) | 1430 (649) | 1160 (522) | 1760 (798) ~Weight~ { | | | | | {useful lbs. (kgs.)| 662 (300) | 882 (400) | 662 (300) | 882 (400) | 662 (300) ~Motor~ h.p.| 80 Gnome | 100 Gnome | 80 Canton Unme. | 110 Canton Unme. | 110 Canton Unme. {max. m.p.h. (km.)| 62 (100) | 69 (110) | 62 (100) | 71 (115) | 87 (140) ~Speed~ { | | | | | {min. m.p.h. (km.)| ... | ... | ... | ... | 62 (100) ~Endurance~ hrs.| 3-1/2 | 4 | 7 | 7 | 7 Number built during 1912 |A total of 41 sold| during 1912 for| military purposes.| | ... ----------------------------------+------------------+------------------+-------------------+------------------+------------------ _In each case._-- ~Construction.~--All steel. ~Landing chassis.~--C consists of three wheels each protected by skids. The two main wheels, placed on either side of the centre of gravity, are fitted with patent "Oleopneumatic" shock absorbers. The steering wheel and the front skid have a spring suspension. ~Military machines.~--The 1912 sales of these were:--32 to France; 5 British; 3 Italian; 1 Swedish. ~Steering.~--The patented control system consists of a wheel mounted on a pivoted lever. The backward and forward movement of the entire system operates the elevator: the sideway movement warps the rear edge of the upper wings, and the rotation of the wheel steers the machine. The latter operation also governs the front wheel of the landing chassis, so that when on the ground the machine can be steered like a motor car. ~Portability.~--The main planes can be folded alongside of the fuselage. The machine can then be towed on any ordinary road, or be housed in places such as farm buildings, stables, &c. [Illustration: Aerhydroplane, 1913-14.] [Illustration: BREGUET. Hydro. UAS] [Illustration: BREGUET. Biplane. UAS] [Illustration: BREGUET. 1912-13, G3 type 3-seater military. UAS] C CAUDRON. Caudron Freres, Rue (Somme). Schools: Crotoy and Juvissy. Capacity: about 100-250 a year. -----------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------++--------------------+--------------------++--------------------+------------------------ | ~M2~ | ~N.~ | ~G.D.~ | || ~B.~ | ~E.~ || Monaco type, | Model and Date. | 1912-13 | 1912-13 | 1912-13 | ~1913~ || 1912-13 | 1912-13 || 1912 | ~1913~ | mono. | mono. | mono. | mono. || biplane. | biplane. || hydro-biplane. | hydro-biplane. -----------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------++--------------------+--------------------++--------------------+------------------------ ~Length~ feet (m.)| 20 (6.10) | 19-3/4 (6) | 22 (6.75) | 19-1/4 (5.80) || 26-1/4 (8) | 23-1/2 (7.15) || 22 (6.75) | 32-3/4 (10) ~Span~ feet (m.)| 31 (9.40) | 26-1/3 (8) | 34 (10.30) | 27-1/3 (8.50) || 32-3/4 (10) | 35-1/2 (10.80) || 33 (10.10) | 46 (14) ~Area~ sq. feet (m squared.)| 151 (14) | 108 (10) | 268 (25) | 118 (11) || 431 (40) | 301 (28) || 268 (25) | 376 (35) ~Weight~ machine, lbs. (kgs.)| 518 (235) | 496 (225) | 386 (175) | 490 (225) || 683 (310) | 640 (295) || 772 (350) | 882 (400) ~Motor~ h.p.| 50 Anzani or Gnome | 50 Anzani | Anzani or Gnome | 50 Gnome. || Anzani or Gnome | Gnome || Gnome | 70 Gnome ~Speed~ m.p.h. (km.)| 71 (115) | 84 (135) | 75 (120) | 84 || 56 (90) | 56 (90) || 50 (80) | 50 (80) Number built during 1912 | ... | ... | ... | ... || ... | ... || ... | ... -----------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------++--------------------+--------------------++--------------------+------------------------ || Lateral control, warping. Wood construction. Notes.--Lateral control, warping. Wood construction. On wheels. Enclosed body. || On wheels as well as || floats. (Special Caudron patent.) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------++--------------------------------------------- [Illustration: 1912 hydro. _By favour of "Aeronautics," U.S.A._ UAS] [Illustration: CAUDRON. UAS] [Illustration: 1913 hydro. UAS] [Illustration: CAUDRON. Mono. _By favour of "Flight."_ UAS] CLEMENT-BAYARD. Usines Clement-Bayard, 33 quai Michelet, Levallois-Perret (Seine). [Illustration] ----------------------------------+------------------------+------------------------+ | ~1913.~ | ~1913.~ | | Military 3-seater | Military single seater | | biplane. | monoplane. | ----------------------------------+------------------------+------------------------+ ~Length~ feet (m)| 37 (11.20) | 24-2/3 (7.50) | {upper feet (m)| 52 (16) | 30 (9.20) | ~Span~ { | | | {lower feet (m)| 36 (11) | ... | ~Area~ sq. feet (m squared.)| 533 (50) | 172 (16) | {total lbs. (kgs.)| 2425 (1100) | 1146 (520) | ~Weight~ { | | | {useful lbs. (kgs.)| 1014 (460) | 441 (200) | ~Motor~ h.p.| 100 Gnome | 70 Gnome | {max. m.p.h. (km.)| 53 (85) | 75 (120) | ~Speed~ { | | | {min. m.p.h. (km.)| ... | ... | ~Endurance~ hrs.| ... | ... | ----------------------------------+------------------------+------------------------+ Notes.--_Control_: lateral, warping. D D'ARTOIS. Soc. Anonyme des Anciens Chantiers Tellier, Longuenesse, pres St. Omer. Re-established 1912. Capacity: small. ---------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+ | ~1913~ model. | ~1913~ | Model and date. | "Aero torpille" | "Aero torpille" | | hydro-biplane. | biplane. | ---------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+ ~Length~ feet (m.)| 23 (7) | 24-3/4 (7.50) | {| 36 (11) | 36 (11) | ~Span~ feet (m.){| | | {| 20 (6) | 20 (6) | ~Area~ sq. feet (m squared.)| 280 (26) | 280 (26) | ~Weight~ empty, lbs. (kgs.)| 772 (350) | 551 (250) | ~Motor~ h.p.| 50 Gnome | 50 Gnome | ~Speed~ m.p.h. (km.)| 56 (90) | 84 (135) | ~Endurance~ hrs.| ... | ... | Number built during 1912 | ... | ... | ---------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+ Notes.--Single long boat body, canoe-shape. [Illustration: _By favour of "Aeronautics," U.S.A._ UAS] DEPERDUSSIN. Armand Deperdussin, 19 rue des Entrepreneurs, Paris. School: Courey-Betheny (Marne). Established 1910. Capacity: about 150-200 machines a year. ----------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+-------------------- | ~E 1912-13.~ | ~P 1912-13.~ | ~T 1912-13.~ | ~H 1912-13.~ | Monocoque | Mono. | school mono. | single seater | 2-seater | 3-seater | ~1913.~ | ~1913.~ | | mono. | mono. | mono. | 2-seater. | 2-seater. ----------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+-------------------- ~Length~ feet (m)| 24 (7.30) | 24 (7.30) | 24 (7.30) | 29 (8.80) | 19 (5.75) | ... ~Span~ feet (m)| 29 (8.85) | 28 (8.50) | 35 (10.65) | 41 (12.50) | 29-1/2 (8.95) | 36 (11) ~Area~ sq. feet (m squared.)| ... | 162 (15) | ... | 310 (28) | 97 (9) | ... {total lbs. (kgs.)| 661 (300) | 782 (355) | 1212 (550) | 2050 (930) | 882 (400) | ... ~Weight~ { | | | | | | {useful lbs. (kgs.)| ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... ~Motor~ h.p.| 30 Anzani | 50 Gnome | 70 Gnome | 100 Gnome | 50 Gnome | 80 Gnome {max. m.p.h. (km.)| 50 (80) | 69 (110) | 65 (105) | 69 (110) | 113 (180) | 105 (170) ~Speed~ { | | | | | | {min. m.p.h. (km.)| ... | ... | ... | ... | 81 (130) | ... ~Endurance~ hrs.| ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... Number built during 1912 | 2 | 5 | 27 | 3 | 2 | 1 ----------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+-------------------- Notes.--Wood construction. Lateral control by warping. Mounted on wheels without skids. Fabric: "Aviator" Ramie. Principal _Deperdussin_ records: 1912 Gordon Bennett (Vedrines) and a number of world records for speed and distance. Principal pilots include: Busson, Prevost, Vedrines, Vidart. [Illustration: 50 h.p. monocoque.] [Illustration: DEPERDUSSIN. 80 h.p. UAS] [Illustration: The 80 h.p. mounted on floats as a hydro.] DONNET-LEVEQUE. ---------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+-------------------- | ~A 1912.~ | ~B 1912.~ | ~C 1912.~ | ~1913.~ | 2-seater | 2-seater | 3-seater | 2-seater | hydro-biplane | hydro-biplane | hydro-biplane | hydro-biplane ---------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+-------------------- ~Length~ feet (m)| 26 (7.80) | 27 (8.30) | 27 (8.30) | 34-1/2 (10.50) ~Span~ feet (m)| 29-1/2 (9) | 32-3/4 (10) | 34-1/2 (10.50) | 29-1/2 (9) ~Area~ sq. feet (m squared.)| 194 (18) | 215 (20) | 237 (22) | 194 (18) ~Weight~ lbs. (kgs.)| 683 (310) | 772 (350) | 888 (380) | 888 (380) ~Motor~ h.p.| 50 Gnome | 70 Gnome | 80 Gnome | 50 Gnome ~Speed~ m.p.h. (km.)| 69 (110) | 75 (120) | ... | 50 (80) ~Endurance~ hrs.| ... | ... | ... | ... Number built during 1912 | ... | ... | ... | ... ---------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+-------------------- Notes.--Lateral control by warping ailerons. Motor in gap just below upper plane: propeller in rear, direct driven. Fabric: "Aviator" Ramie. Floats.--One large central boat 27 feet (8.20 m.) long--two small ones at each extremity of lower plane. [Illustration: _By favour of "Aeronautics," U.S.A._] [Illustration: UAS] DOUTRE. Soc. Anonyme Doutre, 58, rue Talbot, Paris. -----------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+ Type. | Biplane 3-seater, | Biplane 2-seater, | | ~1912-13.~ | ~1912-13.~ | -----------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+ ~Length~ feet (m.)| 40 (12.25) | ... | {| 53 (16.10) | ... | ~Span~ feet (m.){| | | {| 43 (13) | ... | ~Area~ sq. feet (m squared.)| 533 (50) | ... | {machine lbs. (kgs.)| 1323 (600) | 1323 (600) | ~Weight~ { | | | {useful lbs. (kgs.)| 992 (450) | 992 (450) | ~Motor~ h.p.| 70 Renault | 50 Renault | ~Speed~ max. m.p.h (km.)| 56 (90) | 56 (90) | Number built during 1912 | 1 | ? | -----------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+ Notes.--Fabric: "Aviator" Ramie. Both types fitted with the Doutre patent stabiliser, which automatically and instantaneously counteracts troubles due to sudden gusts or partial motor failures. Weight of the 1913 model stabiliser is only 44 lbs. (20 kgs.) [Illustration: Model 1913 stabiliser.] [Illustration: DOUTRE. UAS] F FARMAN. Henry and Maurice Farman, 167, Rue de Silly, Billancourt (Seine) Aerodromes: Buc, pres Versailles and Etampes. Depots: Camp de Chalons--Reims. Established by H. Farman in 1908. M. Farman established works a little later. In 1912 the two brothers combined. The present works were opened in January, 1912, and had an output capacity of at least 300 machines a year in March, 1913. ---------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+-------------------- | _H. Farman._ | _H. Farman._ | _H. Farman._ | _H. Farman._ | _M. Farman._ | _M. Farman._ | _M. Farman._ | Military. | Single-seater. | 2-seater | 2-seater special | Military biplane. | Big military | Staggered | 2 or 3-seater. | Military. | monoplane. | hydro-biplane. | | biplane. | biplane. | ~1912-13.~ | ~1913.~ | | ~1913.~ | | | | Biplane. | Biplane. | | | | | ---------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+-------------------- ~Length~ feet (m.)| 26-1/4 (8) | 24 (7.35) | 24-1/2 (7.50) | 26 (7.90) | 39-1/3 (12) | 46 (14) | 39 (11.90) ~Span~ feet (m.)| 42-3/4 (13.25) | 31-1/8 (9.50) | 32-3/4 (10) | 45 (13.70) | 50-3/4 (15.50) | 65-3/4 (20) | 36 (11) ~Area~ sq. feet (m squared.)| 376 (35) | 161 (15) | 204 (19) | 344 (32) | 646 (60) | 861 (80) | 323 (30) {total lbs. (kgs.)| 793 (360) | 640 (295) | 628 (285) | 950 (431) | 1102 (500) | 1433 (650) | 882 (400) ~Weight~ { | | | | | | | {useful lbs. (kgs.)| 661 (300) | 386 (175) | ... | ... | 617 (280) | 882 (400) | 551 (250) {| | | Designed for | | | | ~Motor~ h.p.{| 70-80 Gnome | 70-80 Gnome | Gnomes from | 50 Gnome | 70 Renault | 70 Renault | 70 Renault {| | | 40 up to 160 h.p. | | | | {max. m.p.h. (km)| 65 (105) | 71 (15) | ... | 52 (100) | 56 (90) | 44 (70) | 69 (110) ~Speed~ { | | | | | | | {min. m.p.h. (km)| ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... ~Endurance~ hrs.| 3 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... Number built during 1912 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... ---------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+-------------------- Remarks.--The whole of the above can easily be converted into hydro-avions--two long narrow floats without steps. _H. Farmans_ are of wood and steel construction; _M. Farman_, wood. In all 1913 biplanes the ailerons are inter-connected. All 1913 machines designed to carry one or in some cases two mitrailleuse, and special attention is paid to facility for taking down for transport and re-assembling. The 1911-12 _H. Farmans_ had elevators forward, were a good deal longer, and had more surface than 1913 models. Ailerons not inter-connected. The _M. Farmans_ generally as now, except that all planes, etc., had rounded edges. On September 11th, 1912, Foury, in an _M. Farman_ military, made world's endurance record to date, 13 hrs. 22 min., covering 631 miles (1,017 km.) All models of this type, also the "big military," are fitted with the Doutre stabiliser. Fabric: "Aviator" Ramie. ~Latest Hydro.~--In March, 1913, a new hydro was produced experimentally. There is a boat body, without steps, carrying the motor which is chain connected with the propeller. Machine is fitted with wheels and skids as well. [Illustration: H. Farman. 1912-13 military biplane.] [Illustration: H. Farman. 1913 latest type military biplane.] [Illustration: M. Farman. 1912-13 military biplane.] [Illustration: M. Farman. 1912-13 staggered biplane. This is the type which has done best as a hydro-aeroplane.] G GOUPY. A. Goupy, 50, Avenue Marceau, Paris. School: Juvissy (Port Aviation). Capacity: about 30 machines a year. -----------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+-------------------- | | | ~1913.~ Model and date. | ~1913 A.~ | ~1913 B.~ | Hydro-staggered | Staggered biplane. | Staggered biplane. | biplane. -----------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+-------------------- ~Length~ feet (m.)| 25 (7.50) | 26-1/4 (8) | 33 (10) ~Span~ feet (m.)| 26-1/4 (8) | 42-3/4 (13) | 42 (12.70) ~Area~ sq. feet (m squared)| ... | ... | 480 (45) {machine lbs. (kgs.)| ... | ... | 992 (450) ~Weight~ { | | | {useful lbs. (kgs.)| ... | ... | 661 (300) ~Motor~ h.p.| 50 Gnome | 80 or 100 Gnome | 80 Gnome {max. m.p.h. (km.)| 62 (100) | 75 (120) | 75 (120) ~Speed~ { | | | {min. m.p.h. (km.)| ... | ... | ... ~Endurance~ hrs.| ... | ... | ... Number built during 1912 | ... | 12 | 1 -----------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+-------------------- Fabric: "Aviator" Ramie. [Illustration: Goupy. Hydro. _From "Flight."_ UAS] [Illustration: Goupy. Hydro. _By favour of "Aeronautics," U.S.A._ UAS] H HANRIOT. Aeroplanes Hanriot & Cie., 145 rue de Neufchatel, Reims. Paris office: 69 boulevard Berthier, Paris. School: Antibes, Reims. ------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+-------------------- ~1913~ models. | ~D I.~ | ~D II.~ | ~D III.~ | ~D IV.~ | ~D VII.~ ~Monoplanes.~ | Single seater. | 2 or 3-seater. | Racer. | Steel. | ------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+-------------------- ~Length~ feet (m.)| 23 (7) | 26-1/3 (8) | 21-3/4 (6.65) | 23 (7) | 23 (7) ~Span~ feet (m.)| 28-1/3 (8.70) | 42-3/4 (13) | 24 (7.30) | 28-1/3 (8.65) | 36 (10.95) ~Area~ sq. feet (m squared)| 161 (15) | 226 (21) | 91 (8.50) | 161 (15) | 194 (18) {machine lbs. (kgs.)| 661 (300) | 937 (425) | 661 (300) | 661 (300) | 771 (350) ~Weight~ { | | | | | {useful lbs. (kgs.)| ... | 616 (280) | ... | 396 (180) | 364 (165) ~Motor~ h.p.| 50 Anzani | 100 Gnome | 100 Gnome | 50 R. Peugeot | 80 Gnome {max. m.p.h. (km.)| 69 (110) | 78 (125) | 106 (170) | 71 (115) | 71 (115) ~Speed~ { | | | | | {min. m.p.h. (km.)| ... | ... | ... | ... | ... ~Endurance~ hrs.| ... | ... | ... | ... | ... Number built during 1912 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... ------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+-------------------- Notes.--There are also two school types 35 and 45 h.p. Records include 1912 world record for speed with passengers. None of the above machines represent any very particular divergence from recognised _Hanriot_ practice. _D IV_ is all steel construction, the others wood and steel. [Illustration] M MORANE-SAULNIER. Soc. de constructions aeronautiques, Morane-Saulnier. 206 Boulevard Pereire. Capital: 1,500,000 francs. School: Villacoublay. Output capacity: about 50 machines a year. ----------------------------------+--------------------+-------------------- | ~Military, 1913.~ | ~2 places.~ | | ~Tandem.~ ----------------------------------+--------------------+-------------------- ~Length~ feet (m.)| 21 (6.38) | 21 (6.38) ~Span~ feet (m.)| 30-1/5 (9.20) | 33-1/2 (10.20) ~Surface~ sq. feet (m squared.)| 151 (14) | 172 (16) {total lbs. (kgs.)| 595 (270) | 617 (280) ~Weight~ { | | {useful lbs. (kgs.)| ... | ... ~Motor~ h.p.| 50 h.p. | 80 h.p. ~Speed~ m.p.h. (km.)| 75 (120) | 75 (120) Number built during 1912 | ... | ... ----------------------------------+--------------------+---------------------- In each case ~body~ is of rectangular section, wood, mounted on wheels only, except for the ~military~ type which has skids also. Fabric: "Aviator" Ramie. In all there is a rear elevator and a Chauviere tractor. Note.--Flown in the European Circuit, 1911, by Vedrines, Gajet, Lesire, Morisson, Verept, Frey, Garnier and Dalgier. [Illustration] [Illustration: 1913. 100 h.p. Gnome engined.] MOREAU. Moreau freres, Combs-la-Ville. -----------------------------------+--------------------+ | ~1913.~ | Model and date. | 2-seater. | -----------------------------------+--------------------+ ~Length~ feet (m.)| 31 (9.50) | ~Span~ feet (m.)| 39-1/3 (12) | ~Area~ sq. feet (m squared.)| 258 (24) | {machine lbs. (kgs.)| 992 (450) | ~Weight~ { | | {useful lbs. (kgs.)| ... | ~Motor~ h.p.| 70 Gnome | ~Speed~ max. m.p.h. (km.)| 62 (100) | Number built during 1912 | 2 | -----------------------------------+--------------------+ Notes.--Fitted with a special stabilising device. [Illustration: MOREAU. UAS] N NIEUPORT. Etablissements Nieuport, 9 rue de Seine, Suresnes (Seine). Established 1910 by the late Edouard Nieuport. Approximate capacity of works: about 100 machines a year. Chief designer during 1911 was Pagny, who has now joined the Hanriot firm. ----------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+-------------------- Model and date. | ~II N,~ | ~II G,~ | ~IV G, 1912-13.~ | ~IV M, 1912-13.~ | ~1913.~ | ~1913.~ | ~1913.~ | ~1913.~ ~Monoplanes.~ | ~1912.~ | ~1912.~ | 2-seater. | 3-seater. | 2-seater. | 1-seater. | 1-seater. | Hydro 3-seater. ----------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+-------------------- ~Length~ feet (m.)| 23-2/3 (7.20) | 23-2/3 (7.20) | 25-2/3 (7.80) | 25-2/3 (7.80) | 26-1/4 (8) | 21-3/4 (6.60) | 23 (7) | 29 (8.80) ~Span~ feet (m.)| 28-1/3 (8.65) | 28-1/3 (8.65) | 36 (10.90) | 39-1/3 (12.10) | 36 (11) | 28-1/3 (8.70) | 27-2/3 (8.40) | 40 (12.20) ~Area~ sq. feet (m squared.)| ... | ... | ... | ... | 231 (21-1/2) | 140 (13) | 156 (14-1/2) | 242 (22-1/2) {machine lbs. (kgs.)| 529 (240) | 683 (310) | 771 (350) | 1058 (480) | 771 (350) | 573 (260) | 573 (260) | 1230 (558) ~Weight~ { | | | | | | | | {useful lbs. (kgs.)| ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... ~Motor~ h.p.| 30 Nieuport | Gnome | Gnome | Gnome | Gnome | 50 Gnome | 30 Nieuport | 100 Gnome {max. m.p.h. (km.)| 75 (120) | 87 (140) | 72 (117) | 72 (117) | 69 (110) | 78 (125) | 69 (110) | 72 (117) ~Speed~ { | | | | | | | | {min. m.p.h. (km.)| ... | 75 (120) | 69 (110) | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... Number built during 1912 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... ----------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+-------------------- Notes.--Early types had a _Hanriot_ style landing carriage; the 1913 models revert to a _Bleriot_ type. Warping wings. Fuselage entirely enclosed, rectilineal with rounded nose. [Illustration: Nieuport. Hydro. _By favour of "Flight."_ UAS] P PAULHAN-CURTISS. Soc. anonyme d'aviation Paulhan, (S.A.P.) 71 boulevard Berthier, Paris. Flying ground: Bois d'Arcy par St. Ayr (S. et O.) Hydro school: Juan-les-Pins, par Antibes (Alpes Maritimes). Founded by the well-known aviator, L. Paulhan. He first produced biplanes, then triplanes and finally a monoplane type, the _Tatin-Paulhan_ (1911). These are now all abandoned, and the firm devotes itself to building hydro-aeroplanes under Curtiss (U.S.A.) license. Principal type built are:-- ------------------------------------+------------------+------------------+ Model and date. | Flying boat. | Flying boat. | ~Biplanes.~ | Single-seater. | 2-seater. | ------------------------------------+------------------+------------------+ ~Length~ feet (m.)| ... | 27 (8.30) | ~Span~ feet (m.)| 35-1/2 (10.80) | 37 (11.30) | ~Area~ sq. feet (m squared.)| ... | 290 (26-3/4) | {machine lbs. (kgs.)| ... | 948 (430) | ~Weight~ { | | | {useful lbs. (kgs.)| ... | ... | ~Motor~ h.p.| 75 Curtiss | 85 Curtiss | ~Speed~ m.p.h. (km.)| ... | ... | Number built during 1912 | 2 | 8 | ------------------------------------+------------------+------------------+ PISCHOFF. Etablissements Autoplan, 4 rue Beranger, Boulogne sur Seine (Seine). This firm has produced various types in the past, but at present, appears confined to constructing to specifications (See _Pischoff-Werner_ last edition). [Illustration: Paulhan-Curtiss. Flying boat.] R R.E.P. Robert Esnault-Pelterie, Billancourt. School: Bue. One of the earliest established French firms. The first to go in for steel construction. Reported to have amalgamated with _Breguet_ in 1912, but this fell through. -----------------------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+ Model. | ~1912.~ | ~1912.~ | ~1912.~ | ~1913.~ | ~1913.~ | ~Steel monoplanes.~ | 1-seater. | 2-seater. | Military. | 2-seater. | Hydro-mono. | | | | 3-seater. | | 2-seater. | -----------------------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+ ~Length~ feet (m.)| 25-1/3 (7.70) | 25-1/3 (7.70) | 25-1/3 (7.70) | 23 (7) | 25 (7.50) | ~Span~ feet (m.)| 35 (10.70) | 38-1/3 (11.70) | 38-1/3 (11.70) | 36 (11) | 38-1/4 (11.60) | ~Area~ sq. feet (m squared.)| 215 (20) | 237 (22) | 323 (30) | 237 (22) | 323 (20) | {machine lbs. (kgs.)| 882 (400) | 661 (300) | 882 (400) | 595 (270) | ... | ~Weight~ { | | | | | | {useful lbs. (kgs.)| ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ~Motor~ make and h.p.| 60 Rep. | 66 Rep. | 90 Rep. | 95 Rep. | 80 Rep. | {max. mph. (km.)| 69 (110) | 69 (110) | 69 (110) | 78 (125) | 78 (125) | ~Speed~ { | | | | | | {min. mph. (km.)| ... | ... | ... | 62 (100) | 62 (100) | Number built during 1912 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | -----------------------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+ Remarks.--Steel construction. Pentagonal and triangular body. Mounted on wheels and skids. The hydro is on one very large central float. [Illustration: _Flight._ UAS] S SANCHEZ BESA. 2 avenue de Villiers, Paris. ----------------------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+ Model and date. | ~1912.~ | ~1912.~ | ~1913.~ | | Hydro-biplane. | Hydro-biplane. | Hydro-biplane. | | | | (amphibious) | ----------------------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+ ~Length~ feet (m.)| 34 (10.40) | ... | 32-3/4 (10) | ~Span~ feet (m.)| 54 (16.40) | 55-3/4 (17) | 54-3/4 (16.60) | ~Area~ sq. feet (m squared.)| 646 (60) | ... | 646 (60) | {avide lbs. (kgs.)| 1984 (900) | ... | 1102 (500) | ~Weight~ { | | | | {useful lbs. (kgs.)| ... | ... | ... | ~Motor~ h.p.| 100 Renault | 70 Renault | 70 Renault | ~Speed~ max. m.p.h. (km.)| 56 (90) | ... | 50 (80) | ~Endurance~ hrs.| 5 | 5 | 6 | Number built during 1912 | 3 | 1 | 1 | ----------------------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+ Notes.--Wood and steel construction. Controls.--Ailerons and rear elevators. Floats: The first has two and the second three floats. The 1913 model has a single boat body mounted on wheels. [Illustration: 1913 hydro.] SAVARY. Soc. anonyme des aeroplanes. Robert Savary, 31 rue Dunois, Paris. School: Chartres. Output capacity: 100 to 150 machines a year. -----------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+-------------------- Model and date. | ~1912.~ | ~1912.~ | ~1913.~ | Biplane. |Military (3-seater.)| Biplane. -----------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+-------------------- ~Length~ feet (m.)| 36 (11) | 33-1/2 (10.15) | 38-1/2 (11.70) ~Span~ {feet (m.)| 46 (14) | 49 (14.90) | 49-1/4 (15) {feet (m.)| 33 (10) | 37 (11.20) | 33 (10) ~Area~ sq. feet (m squared.)| 510 (48) | 533 (50) | 550 (52) {machine lbs. (kgs.)| 1132 (600) | ... | 1132 (600) ~Weight~ { | | | {useful lbs. (kgs.)| ... | ... | ... ~Motor~ h.p.| various | 70 Labor | 75 Renault | | | (Gnome or Labor) {max m.p.h. (km.)| 56 (90) | ... | 59 (96) ~Speed~ { | | | {min m.p.h. (km.)| 50 (80) | ... | ... Number built during 1912 | ... | 47 | ... -----------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+-------------------- Notes.--Wood and steel construction. _Control_: ailerons and rear elevator. Landing gear: wheels and skids. _Special features_: There are 4 rudders in the gap, and 2 tractors, chain driven. Aeroplatte fabric. [Illustration: SAVARY. 1913. UAS] SLOAN. "Bicurve." Sloan & Cie, 17 rue de Louvre, Paris. Works: 9 rue Victor Hugo, Charenton. Flying ground: Port Aviation. Output capacity: small. ------------------------------+------------------+------------------+ Model and date. | ~1912.~ | ~1913.~ | ------------------------------+------------------+------------------+ ~Length~ feet (m.)| 31-1/3 (9.50) | 29 (8.70) | ~Span~ feet (m.)| 42-3/4 (13) | 42-1/2 (12.90) | ~Area~ sq. feet (m squared)| 527 (49) | 473 (44) | {machine lbs. (kgs.)| 1100 (500) | 662 (300) | ~Weight~ { | | | {useful lbs. (kgs.)| ... | ... | ~Motor~ h.p.| 100 Gnome | 120 Laviator | ~Speed~ {max. m.p.h. (km.)| 59 (95) | 65 (105) | Number built during 1912 | ... | ... | ------------------------------+------------------+------------------+ Notes.--Wood construction. Wheels and skids landing gear. _Control_: ailerons and rear elevator. [Illustration: Sloan.] SOMMER. Ateliers Roger Sommer, Mouzon, Ardennes. Flying grounds: Douzy, Mourmelon, Vidamme. ~Monoplanes.~ ~Biplanes.~ /-----------------^-----------------\ /-------------------------------------------^------------------------------------------------\ -----------------------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------ Model and date. | ~E 1912.~ | ~1913.~ | ~K 1912.~ | ~R 1912.~ | ~S 1912.~ | ~L 1912.~ | ~R3 1913.~ | | | Single seater. | 2 or 3-seater | | | 2 or 3-seater -----------------------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------ ~Length~ feet (m.)| 22 (6.70) | 23 (7) | 39-1/4 (12) | 36 (11) | 31 (9.50) | 29-1/2 (9) | 38-2/3 (11.70) ~Span~ feet (m.)| 28-1/2 (8.70) | 26-1/4 (8) | 39-1/4 (12) | 51 (15.50) | 42 (12.80) | 39-1/4 (12) | 46 (14) ~Area~ sq. feet (m squared.)| 172 (16) | 172 (16) | 215 (20) | 533 (50) | 350 (32) | ... | 575 (54) {machine lbs. (kgs.)| 595 (270) | 617 (280) | 617 (280) | 992 (450) | 597 (275) | 639 (290) | 882 (400) ~Weight~ { | | | | | | | {useful lbs. (kgs.)| ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... ~Motor~ h.p.| 50 Anzani | 50 Gnome | Various | Various | Various | Various | 70 Renault | or Gnome | | | | | | {max. m.p.h. (km.)| 84 (135) | 84 (135) | 61 (98) | 50 (80) | 57 (92) | 56 (90) | 56 (90) ~Speed~ { | | | | | | | {min. m.p.h. (km.)| 67 (108) | 65 (105) | 53 (85) | ... | 53 (84) | ... | ... ~Endurance~ hrs.| 4 | 4 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... Number built during 1912 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... -----------------------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------ Wood and steel construction. Landing: carriage |Wood and steel construction. Landing: wheels and skids. wheels. _Control_: warping and rear elevator. |_Control_: ailerons and front rear elevator. Rectangular body. | -------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [Illustration: SOMMER. UAS] T TRAIN. E. Train, Buoy, Camp de Chalons (Marne). -----------------------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+ Model and date. | 1-seater. | 2-seater. | Hydro-mono. | ~Monoplanes.~ | | | | -----------------------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+ ~Length~ feet (m.)| 26-1/4 (8) | 26-1/4 (8) | 26-1/4 (8) | ~Span~ feet (m.)| 30-3/4 (9.30) | 35 (10.66) | 42-1/2 (12.94) | ~Area~ sq. feet (m squared.)| 172 (16) | 215 (20) | ... | {machine lbs. (kgs.)| 573 (260) | 617 (280) | ... | ~Weight~ { | | | | {useful lbs. (kgs.)| ... | ... | ... | ~Motor~ h.p.| 30/60 Anzani | 70 Gnome | 80 Gnome | {max. m.p.h. (km.)| 59 (95) | 65 (105) | ... | ~Speed~ { | | | | {min. m.p.h. (km.)| 47 (75) | ... | ... | Number built during 1912 | ... | ... | ... | -----------------------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+ Notes.--Steel construction. Landing: carriage wheels and skids. _Control_: warping and rear elevator. The hydro has one very large float which extends a considerable distance ahead of the tractor. [Illustration: TRAIN. UAS] TUBAVION. Ponche & Primaud, Long. -----------------------------------+------------------+ Model and date. | Monoplane. | | ~1913.~ | -----------------------------------+------------------+ ~Length~ feet (m.)| 29 (8.85) | ~Span~ feet (m.)| 29-1/2 (9) | ~Area~ sq. feet (m squared.)| 194 (18) | {machine lbs. (kgs.)| 772 (350) | ~Weight~ { | | {useful lbs. (kgs.)| ... | ~Motor~ h.p.| 70 Gnome | ~Speed~ max. m.p.h. (km.)| 65 (105) | Number built during 1912 | 1 | -----------------------------------+------------------+ Notes.--Tubular steel construction. Landing: wheels and 2 very long skids. Propeller: amidships. [Illustration: TUBAVION. UAS] V VINET. Gaston Vinet, 41-47 quai de Seine, Courbevoie: also 2-8 rue Larnac. Established for automobile work, 1893. Aeroplane output capacity: small. -----------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+ Model and date. | Type ~D~ | ~1913.~ | | ~1912~ mono. | Mono. | -----------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+ ~Length~ feet (m.)| 21-1/2 (6.60) | 21 (6.40) | ~Span~ feet (m.)| 28-1/2 (8.60) | 28 (8.50) | ~Area~ sq. feet (m squared.)| 162 (15) | 162 (15) | {machine lbs. (kgs.)| 550 (250) | 440 (200) | ~Weight~ { | | | {useful lbs. (kgs.)| ... | ... | ~Motor~ h.p.| 50 Gnome | 50 Gnome | ~Speed~ max m.p.h. (km.)| 56 (90) | 60 (95) | Number built during 1912 | 6 | ... | -----------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+ Notes.--Wood construction. Landing wheels and skids. _Control_: warping and rear elevator. Rectangular body. The two types are practically identical. [Illustration: VINET. Type D. UAS] VOISIN. Voisin Aeroplanes, Boulevard Gambetta, Issy le Molineux, (Seine). School: Mourmelon. Capital 1,000,000 francs. The oldest aeroplane firm in the world, founded by the Brothers Voisin in 1905. (See past editions). Latest models are: ----------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+ | Military | | Military | Model and date. | biplane. | Hydro-biplane. | biplane. | | Model ~1912.~ | Model ~1912.~ | Model ~1913.~ | ----------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+ ~Length~ feet (m.)| 37-3/4 (11.50) | 36 (11) | 32-3/4 (10) | ~Span~ feet (m.)| 55-3/4 (17) | 43-1/4 (13.50) | 45-1/3 (13.80) | ~Area~ sq. feet (m squared.)| 387 (36) | 376 (35) | 398 (37) | {total lbs. (kgs.)| 1367 (620) | 1212 (550) | 1102 (500) | ~Weight~ { | | | | {useful lbs. (kgs.)| 772 (350) | 661 (300) | 794 (360) | ~Motor~ h.p.| 70 Renault | 100 Gnome | 80 Gnome | {max. m.p.h. (km.)| 62 (100) | 62 (100) | 65 (105) | ~Speed~ { | | | | {min. m.p.h. (km.)| ... | ... | ... | Number built during 1912 | 47 | 8 | ... | ----------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+ [Illustration: Canard with floats. _By favour of "Aeronautics," U.S.A._] Z ZODIAC. Societe Zodiac, 10 route du Havre, Puteaux _pres_ Paris (Seine). Aero park: St. Cyr l'Ecole _pres_ Versailles. Established 1896. Capital 850,000 francs. -----------------------------------+------------------+ Model and date. | ~S2.~ | | ~1913.~ | -----------------------------------+------------------+ ~Length~ feet (m.)| 38-3/4 (11.75) | {feet (m.)| 49 (15) | ~Span~ { | | {feet (m.)| 36 (11) | ~Area~ sq. feet (m squared.)| 350 (32) | {machine lbs. (kgs.)| 1010 (460) | ~Weight~ { | | {useful lbs. (kgs.)| 551 (250) | ~Motor~ h.p.| 50 Gnome | ~Speed~ max. m.p.h. (km.)| 59 (95) | Number built during 1912 | ... | -----------------------------------+------------------+ Notes.--Wood construction. _Control_: Ailerons and 1 rear elevator. Upper planes staggered 30 in advance of lower. Quadrilateral fuselage. Piloted passenger side by side. Landing carriage: 2 wheels and 1 skid. Aeroplatte fabric. The 1912 model was practically the same. [Illustration: ZODIAC. UAS] [Illustration] FRENCH DIRIGIBLES. ~Military.~ ---------------+----------------------+-------------+-------+----------+------+-------------+------------------ | | | | Capacity | | Speed. | Date. | Name. | Make. | Type. | in m cubed. | H.P. | m.p.h. (K) | Notes. ---------------+----------------------+-------------+-------+----------+------+-------------+------------------ 1909 | ~LIBERTE~ | Lebaudy | s.r. | 4800 | 120 | 28 (45) | | | | | | | | 1910 | ~COL. RENARD~ | Astra | n.r. | 4100 | 100 | 30 (50) | | | | | | | | 1911 | ~ADJUTANT REAU~ | Astra 10 | n.r. | 8950 | 220 | 32 (53) | " | ~LIEUT. CHAURE~ | Astra 11 | n.r. | 8950 | 220 | 32 (53) | " | ~ADJ. VINCENNOT~ | C. Bayard 4 | n.r. | 7500 | 75 | 29 (48) | " | ~SELLE DE BEAUCHAMP~ | Lebaudy | s.r. | 8000 | 75 | 30 (50) | " | ~CAPT. MARECHAL~ | Lebaudy | s.r. | 7500 | 160 | | " | ~LE TEMPS~ | Zodiac 9 | n.r. | 2500 | 75 | 29 (48) | " | ~CAPT. FERBER~ | Zodiac 10 | n.r. | 6000 | 180 | 33 (54) | " | ~COMDT. COUTELLE~ | Zodiac 11 | n.r. | 9000 | 380 | 37 (60) | | | | | | | | 1912 | ~SPIESS~ | Zodiac 12 | r. | 11000 | 400 | 40 (65) | " | ~FLEURUS~ | C. Bayard 5 | n.r. | 6500 | 150 | 36 (58) | " | ~ECLAIREUR CONTE~ | Astra 12 | n.r. | 6640 | 75 | 28 (46) | " | ~DUPUY DE LOME~ | C. Bayard 6 | n.r. | 9700 | 244 | 35-1/2 (58) | | | | | | | | _Building_ | _A_ | Astra |} | | | | | _B_ | C. Bayard 7 |} | | | | | _C_ | Lebaudy |} | 17000 | 1000 | 43-1/2 (70) | | _D_ | Zodiac 13 |} ? | | | | | | |} | | | | _Pro._ | _7 new_ 20,000 c.m. | |} | | | | ---------------+----------------------+-------------+-------+----------+------+-------------+------------------ ~Military sheds~ at Belfert, Epinal, Maubenge, Reims, Toul, Verdun (2). --Total 7. During the year 1912 the principal work done was as follows:-- -----------------+------------+---------------------+------------ | Hours out. | Distance travelled. | Gas used. Name. | | m. (km.) | m cubed -----------------+------------+---------------------+------------ _C. Ferber_ | 152 | 3540 (5900) | 45,500 _Adj. Reau_ | 105-1/2 | 2310 (3845) | 81,000 _Dupuy de Lome_ | 100 | 2655 (4424) | 66,500 _Adj. Vincennot_ | 55 | 1340 (2235) | 50,000 _Le Temps_ | 23 | 440 (700) | 9,000 _Fleurus_ | 3-3/4 | 100 (159) | 19,000 -----------------+------------+---------------------+------------ ~Army Dirigible Pilots.~ Airault, F. Balny D'Avricourt Baudry, A. Bayard de Mendoca Clerget, P. Cohen, A. Herbster, M. Hirschaner, Col. Juchmes, G. Mugnier, Capt. Noe, Martial Perisse, Y. Renard, Col. P. Roussel, A. Schelcher, A. Note.--There are no dirigibles attached to the Navy. ~Private.~ ------+--------------------+----------+-------+----------+------+-----------------+---------------- | | | | Capacity | | Speed. | Date. | Name. | Make. | Type. | in m cubed. | H.P. | m.p.h. (k.p.h.) | Remarks. ------+--------------------+----------+-------+----------+------+-----------------+---------------- 1909 | ~ASTRA~ | Astra 7 | n.r. | 4475 | 100 | 27 (43) | | | | | | | | 1909 | ~ZODIAC III~ | Zodiac 3 | n.r. | 1400 | 40 | 28 (45) | | | | | | | | 1911 | ~ASTRA TORRES~ | Astra | n.r. | 1930 | 55 | 34 (56) | | | | | | | | 1912 | ~TRANSAERIENNE II~ | Astra 13 | n.r. | 9000 | 350 | 34 (56) | ------+--------------------+----------+-------+----------+------+-----------------+---------------- ~Private sheds~ at Chalons-s-Marre, Issy (2), Lamotte-Breuil, Meaux, Melun, Mousson, Reims, Pau, St. Cyr (2).--Total 11. 32 sheds are building or projected by the National Aviation Committee. ~Private Dirigible Pilots.~ Capazza, Louis Godart, Louis Julliott, Henri Kapferer, Henri La Vaulx (de) Compte Santo-Dumont, Albert Surcouf, Edward =ASTRA CLASS.= Astra Societe de Constructions Aeronautique, 13, Rue Couchot, and 121, Rue de Bellevue, Billancourt. This Society was founded by Surcouf for the production of ordinary balloons. The first dirigible work was building part of the old _Lebaudy_ in 1903, followed in 1906 by the _Ville de Paris_. The total number of dirigibles of this type completed by the end of 1912 stood at 14, one very large dirigible in hand for the French Army, and one small one for the British Navy, and another for the Russian Army. Owing to changes in names, or owing to two names getting supplied to one ship, confusion frequently exists as to the names of the Astra dirigibles. The correct list is as follows:--