497. HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS PRINCE ALBERT. _Consort of Queen Victoria._

[Born August 26th, 1819.] [Modelled from the life, by Emil Wolf.] 497A. HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS PRINCE ALBERT. _Consort of Queen Victoria._ To whom the Crystal Palace at Sydenham, a development of the original Palace in Hyde Park, is indebted for its existence. [By J. E. Jones.] INDEX TO THE PORTRAIT GALLERY. No. Page 460 Adams, John Quincy, President of the United States, 210 113 Agrippa, Marcus Vipsanius, Roman General, 49 96 Agrippina (the Elder), 44 97 Agrippina (the Younger), 44 497 Albert, H.R.H., Prince Consort of Queen Victoria, 225 124 Alcibiades, Athenian General, 25 22 Alexander the Great, King of Macedonia, 24 386 Alexandra, Empress of Russia, 168 180 Alfieri, Vittorio, Poet, 73 152 Allegri, Antonio. (_See_ Corregio.) 134 Angelico da Fiesole (Fra), Painter, 57 458 Anglesey, Marquis of, English Field Marshal, 209 307* Anne of Austria, Queen of France, 130 52 Annius Verus, Roman Prince, 35 79 Antinous, Bithynian Youth, 41 17 Antisthenes, Philosopher, 21 47 Antoninus Pius, Roman Emperor, 34 10 Aratus, Astronomer, 18 2 Archilochus, Greek Poet, 14 176 Ariosto, Luigi, Poet, 71 8? Aristides, Athenian Patriot, 17 239 Arnauld, Antoine, Theologian and Controversialist, 99 464 Ashburton, Lord, English Peer, 211 26 Aspasia, 26 340 Auerbach, Berthold, Poet and Novelist, 149 278 Augereau, Pierre François Charles, Marshal of France, 117 35 Augustus, Roman Emperor, 29 51 Ælius Verus, Adopted Emperor, 35 8 Æschines, Greek Orator, 17 6 Æschylus, Tragic Poet, 15 3 Æsop, Writer of Fables, 15 420 Bacon, Francis, Chancellor of England, 188 190 Bandineri, Giovanni Medici, Italian Soldier, 77 431 Baily, Francis, Astronomer, 194 128 Balbinus, Decimus Cœlius, Roman Statesman and Emperor, 54 142 Bartolomeo, Fra, Painter, 60 257 Bayard, Pierre de Terrail, Seigneur de, Warrior, 109 321 Beethoven, Ludwig Van, Musical Composer, 140 261 Belloy, Pierre Laurent Buirette de, Dramatist, 110 160 Berettini, Pietro di Cortona, or Pietro, Painter, 66 274 Berthier, Pierre Alexandre, Marshal of France, 115 252* Berthollet, Claude Louis, Chemist, 105 354 Berzelius, Jan Jacob, Chemist, 156 281 Bessières, Jean Baptiste, Marshal of France, 118 356 Beuth, Peter Kaspar Wilhelm, Member of the Council of State, in Prussia, 156 11 Bias, Greek Philosopher, 19 482 Blomfield, Charles James, Bishop of London, 219 360 Blucher, Gebhardt Lebrecht Von, Prussian Field Marshal, 158 224 Boileau, Nicolas, Poet and Satirist, 94 355 Boisserée, Sulpitz Von, Architect and Archæologist, 156 295 Bossuet, Jacques Beninge, Prelate of France, 123 368 Boyen, Hermann Von, Prussian Minister at War, 160 138 Bramante, Francesco Lazzari, Architect, Painter, Poet, 58 443 Brassey, Thomas, Railway Contractor, 199 467 Brougham, Henry, Lord, Lawyer, Statesman, Educator, 213 181 Brunelleschi, Sculptor and Architect, 56 107 Brutus, Lucius Junius, Roman Consul, 46 112 Brutus, Marcus Junius, Roman General, 49 245 Buffon, Georges Louis Le Clerc, Comte de, Naturalist, 102 361 Bulow, Friedrich Wilhelm, Prussian General, 158 311 Buonaparte, Napoleon. (_See_ Napoleon) 143 Buonarotti, Michael Angelo, Sculptor, Painter, Architect, 60 468 Buren, Martin Van, Ex-President of the United States, 213 450 Burke, Edmund, Orator, Writer, Statesman, 203 410* Burns, Robert, Poet, 182 404 Butler, Fanny, Actress, 176 418 Byron, George Noel Gordon, Lord, Poet, 187 156 Cagliari, Paolo. (_See_ Veronese) 40 Caligula, Roman Emperor, 32 469 Calhoun, John Caldwell, American Statesman, 213 495 Cambridge, Duke of, Prince of England, 225 287 Cambronne, Pierre Jacques, French General, 120 415 Campbell, Thomas, Poet, 185 480 Canning, Lord, English Peer, 218 168 Canova, Antonio, Sculptor, 68 60 Caracalla, Roman Emperor, 37 158 Caracci, Annibale, Painter, 65 155 Caravaggio, Polidoro Caldare da, Painter, 64 184 Caro, Annibale, Writer, 75 70 Carinus, Marcus Aurelius, Roman Emperor, 39 439 Carlyle, Thomas, Writer, 198 357 Carus, Karl Gustav, Physician and Anatomist, 157 110 Cato, Marcus Porcius, Roman General, 47 111 Cæsar, Julius, Roman Dictator, 48 398 Chantrey, Francis, Sculptor, 174 254 Chaptal, Jean Antoine, Chemist, 106 296* Charlemagne, King of the Franks and Emperor of the West, 124 490* Charles I., King of England, 223 195 Charles Albert, King of Sardinia, 79 300 Charles V., Emperor of Germany and King of Spain, 126 303 Charles IX., King of France, 127 449 Chatham, William Pitt, Earl of, Statesman, 203 406 Chaucer, Geoffrey, Father of English Poetry, 178 232 Chaussée, Pierre Claude Nivelle de la, Dramatist, 96 421 Chetham, Humphrey, “Dealer in Manchester Commodities”, 189 120 Cicero, Marcus Tullius, Roman Orator, 51 167 Cimarosa, Domenico, Musical Composer, 67 208** Clairon, Mdlle., French Tragic Actress, 87 478 Clarendon, George William Frederick, Earl of, Statesman, 217 38 Claudius I., Tiberius Claudius Drusus Nero Germanicus, Roman Emperor, 31 194 Clement XIII., Pope. (_See_ Rezzonico.) 117 Clodius Albinus, Decimus Clodius Ceionius Septimius, Roman General, 50 261 Colbert, Edouard, Minister of State, 112 267* Colbert, Jean Baptiste, Statesman and Financier, 113 188 Coleoni, Bartolomeo, Soldier of Fortune, 76 260 Coligny, Gaspard de, Marshal and Admiral, 110 279** Collard, Pierre Paul Roger, Statesman and Philosopher, 117 182 Columbus, Christopher, the Discoverer of the New World, 74 56 Commodus, Lucius Aurelius, Roman Emperor, 36 268 Condé, Louis II. de Bourbon, Prince de, and Warrior, 113 250* Condorcet, Marie-Jean-Antoine Nicolas Carétat, Marquis de, Mathematician and Philosopher, 104 73 Constantius Chlorus, Flavius Valerius, Roman Emperor, 40 116 Corbulo, Cneius Domitius, Roman General, 50 161 Corelli, Arcangelo, Violinist and Composer, 66 218 Corneille, Pierre, Dramatist, 91 222 Corneille, Thomas, Dramatist, 93 326 Cornelius, Peter, Painter, 142 152 Correggio, or Antonio Allegri, Painter, 64 160 Cortona, Pietro di, Painter. (_See_ Berettini.) 206 Coysevox, Antoine, Sculptor, 86 445 Creasy, Edward Shepherd, Historical Writer, 201 228 Crébillon, Prosper Jolyot de, Dramatist, 95 101 Crispina, Roman Empress, 45 402 Cruikshank, George, Caricaturist, 176 453 Curran, John Philpot, Lawyer, 206 256 Cuvier, Georges Léopold Chrêtien Frédéric Dagobert, Naturalist, 107 269 D’Aguesseau, Henri François, Chancellor of France, 114 256* D’Alembert, Jean Le Rond, Mathematician and Philosopher, 107 291* D’Amboise, Georges, Cardinal and Minister of State, 121 208* Dangeville, Marie-Anne-Botol, French Comic Actress, 87 279* Dannon, Pierre Claude François, Statesman and Writer, 117 173 Dante Alighieri, Poet, 69 247* Darcet, Jean, Chemist and Physician, 103 443* Dargan, William, Railway Contractor, 200 405* Darling, Grace, Lighthouse-keeper’s Daughter, 177 405** Darling, William, Lighthouse-keeper, 178 209 David, Jacques Louis, Painter, 88 288 Davoust, (Prince D’Eckmuhl,) Louis Nicolas, Marshal of France, 120 63 Decius, Caius Messius Quintus Trajanus, Roman Emperor, 38 438 De La Beche, Sir Henry Thomas, Geologist, 198 19 Demosthenes, Greek Orator, 22 252 Denon, Dominique, Egyptian Traveller, 105 477 Derby, Earl of, Statesman, 217 283 Desaix, Louis Charles Antoine, French General, 119 238 Descartes, Réné, Mathematician and Metaphysician, 99 229 Destouches, Philippe Nericault, Dramatist, 96 333* Devrient, Edward, Player, 145 217 Diane de Poitiers, 91 72 Diocletian, Caius Valerius Aurelius, Roman Emperor, 40 18 Diogenes, Philosopher, 22 442 Disraeli, Benjamin, Writer and Politician, 199 159 Domenichino, Domenico Zampieri, called, Painter, 66 44 Domitian, Titus Flavius Sabinus, Roman Emperor, 33 94* Domna Julia (Pia Felix Augusta), Roman Empress, 43 133 Donatello, Donato di Niccolo, di Betto Bardi, Sculptor, 57 215 D’Orsay, Comte, 90 114 Drusus, Nero Claudius, Roman General, 50 235 Du Barry, Marie Jeanne Vaubernier, Comtesse, 98 227 Dufresny, Charles Rivière, Dramatist, 95 248 Duhamel, Jean Pierre, Man of Science, 103 272 Dumouriez, Charles François, French General, 115 265 Duquesne, Abraham, Vice-Admiral of France, 111 485 Edward III., King of England, 220 489 Edward VI., King of England, 222 65 Elagabalus. (_See_ Heliogabalus.) 454 Eldon, Lord, High Chancellor of England, 207 486 Eleanora of Castile, first Queen of Edward I. of England, 220 488 Elizabeth, Queen of England, 221 20 Epicurus, Philosopher, 23 5 Epimenides, Poet and Prophet of Crete, 15 192 Eugene, François Eugene of Savoy, called Prince, Military Commander, 77 312** Eugénie Marie Guzman, Empress of the French, 134 9 Euripides, Greek Poet, 17 434 Fairbairn, William, Millwright and Engineer, 196 436 Faraday, Michael, Natural Philosopher, 196 105 Faustina, Junior, Annia Faustina, 45 203 Félibien, André, Sieur des Avaux et de Javercy, Writer on Art, 85 296 Fénélon, François de Salignac, de Lamotte, Archbishop and Writer, 123 349 Fichte, Johann Gottlieb, Philosopher and Metaphysician, 154 394 Flaxman, John, Sculptor, 172 258 Foix, Gaston de, Warrior, 109 476 Follett, Sir William, Lawyer, 217 447 Forbes, Edward, Naturalist, 201 452 Fox, Charles James, Statesman, 206 286 Foy, Maximilien Sebastien, French General, 120 299 Francis I., King of France, 125 387 Francis Joseph, reigning Emperor of Austria, and King of Hungary, 168 343* Frank, Johann Peter, Physician, 151 424 Franklin, Benjamin, Statesman and Philosopher, 191 376 Frederic II., surnamed the Great, King of Prussia, 164 377 Frederic Louis Henry, Prince of Prussia, 164 374 Frederic William, Elector of Brandenburg, 163 375 Frederic William I., King of Prussia, 164 379 Frederic William III., King of Prussia, 165 384 Frederic William IV., Reigning King of Prussia, 167 391 Fuseli, or Fuessli, Henry, Painter, 171 39 Galba, Servius Sulpicius, Roman Emperor, 31 185 Galileo Galilei, Philosopher, 75 66 Gallienus, Publius Licinius Valerianus, Roman Emperor, 39 145 Garofalo, Benvenuto Tisio, called, Painter, 62 390 Garrick, David, Player and Dramatist, 170 328 Gärtner, Friedrich, Architect, 144 189 Gattamelata, Stefano, Warrior, 77 181 Gavazzi, Alessandro, Monk and Orator, 73 256*** Gay-Lussac, French Chemist, 108 492 George III., King of England, 224 493 George IV., King of England, 224 212 Gérard, François, Painter, 89 115 Germanicus Cæsar, Roman General, 50 61 Geta, Publius Septimius, Roman Emperor, 37 132 Ghiberti, Lorenzo, Sculptor, 57 140 Ghirlandaio, Domenico, Painter, 59 400 Gibson, John, Sculptor, 175 211 Girodet-Trioson, Painter, 88 154 Giulio Romano, Giulio Pippi di Giannuzzi, Architect and Painter, 64 327 Gluck, Christoph, Musician, 143 366 Gneisenau, Augustus Count Herdart de, Field Marshal, 160 337 Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, Poet, 147 179 Goldoni, Carlo, Poet, 72 410 Goldsmith, Oliver, Poet and Man of Letters, 181 55 Gordianus Africanus, Marcus Antonius, Roman Emperor, 36 62 Gordianus II., Marcus Antonius, Roman Emperor, 37 67 Gordianus III., Pius, Marcus Antonius, Roman Emperor, 39 196 Goujon, Jean, Sculptor, 83 172 Grisi, Giulia, Italian Singer, 69 213 Gros, Antoine Jean, Painter, 89 214 Guérin, Pierre Narcisse, Painter, 89 135 Guidi, Tommaso. (_See_ Masaccio) 341 Gutenberg, Johann, Inventor of Printing, 149 358 Gutkow Karl, Journalist and Dramatist, 157 46 Hadrian, Publius Ælius Hadrianus, Roman Emperor, 33 346 Hahnemann, Samuel, Physician and Founder of Homœopathy, 152 332 Halbig, Johann, Sculptor, 145 446 Haliburton, Judge, Lawyer, and Writer, 201 314 Handel, George Friedrich, Musical Composer, 136 451* Hastings, Warren, Statesman, 205 316 Haydn, Franz Joseph, Musical Composer, 138 65 Heliogabalus, Varius Avitus Bassianus, Roman Emperor, 38 302 Henry II., King of France, 127 304 Henry III., King of France, 127 305 Henry IV., King of France, 128 487 Henry VII, King of England, 221 479 Herbert, Sidney, Statesman, 218 89 Herennius, Roman Emperor, 42 352 Hermann, Gottfried, Philologist and Critic, 155 435 Herschell, Sir John, Astronomer, 196 14 Hippocrates, Physician, 20 280 Hoche, Lazare, French General, 118 1 Homer, Great Epic Poet of Greece, 13 480* Hooper, William Hulme, Naval Officer, 218 119 Hortensius, Quintus, Roman Orator, 51 74 Hostilianus, Roman Emperor, 41 350 Hufeland, Christoph Wilhelm, Physician, 154 351 Humboldt, Alexander Von, Naturalist and Traveller, 154 367 Humboldt, Karl Wilhelm, Baron Von, Statesman and Philologist, 160 466 Hume, Joseph, Political Reformer, 212 427 Hunter, John, Surgeon and Comparative Anatomist, 193 462 Huskisson, William, Statesman and Financier, 211 15 Isocrates, Rhetorician, 20 457 Jackson, General, President of the United States, 209 344 Jacobi, Friedrich Heinrich, Philosopher and Poet, 151 491 James II., King of England, 224 430 Jeffrey, Francis, Critic and Essayist, 194 419 Jerrold, Douglas, Writer, 188 425 Johnson, Samuel, Writer and Moralist, 191 388 Jones, Inigo, Architect, 169 282 Joubert, Barthélémi Catharine, French General, 118 95* Julia, Daughter of Augustus, 43 71 Julian the Apostate--Flavius Claudius Julianus, Roman Emperor, 40 253 Jussieu, Antoine Laurent de, Botanist, 106 342 Kant, Immanuel, Metaphysician, 150 271 Kellermann, François Christophe, Marshal of France, 114 397 Kemble, Charles, Player, 174 275 Kleber, Jean Baptiste, French General, 115 325 Klenze, Leo Von, Architect, 142 334 Klopstock, Friedrich Gottlieb, Epic and Lyric Poet, 145 256** Laborde, Alexander Louis Joseph, Marquis de, Soldier, Traveller, and Educator, 107 255 Lacépède, Bernard Germain Étienne, Naturalist, 106 277 Lafayette, Marie Paul Gilbert Motier, Marquis de, French General, 116 220 La Fontaine, Jean de, Poet, 92 249 Lagrange, Joseph Louis, Astronomer, 104 284 Lannes, Jean, Marshal of France, 119 253* Laplace, Pierre Simon, Astronomer, 106 290 La Salle, Antoine Charles Louis Collinet de, General of Cavalry, 121 273 La Tour D’Auvergne-Corret, Theophile Malode, Warrior, 115 396 Lawrence, Sir Thomas, Painter, 173 202 Lebrun, Charles, Painter, 85 276 Lefebvre, François Joseph, Marshal of France, 116 383 Leopold I., King of the Belgians, 166 230 Le Sage, Alain Réné, Novelist, 96 262 Lesdiguières, François de Bonne, Duc de, Constable of France, 110 335 Lessing, Gotthold Ephraim, Man of Letters, 146 259 L’Hôpital, Michel de, Chancellor of France, 109 246 Linné, or Linnæus, Charles, Botanist, 102 93 Livia, Drusilla, Roman Empress, 43 122* Livy--Titus Livius, Roman Historian, 53 422 Locke, John, Philosopher, 189 482 London, Bishop of. (_See_ Blomfield.) 381 Louisa Augusta Wilhelmina Amelia, Queen of Prussia, 165 383* Louise Marie, Queen of the Belgians, 167 297 Louis XI., King of France, 125 298 Louis XII., King of France, 125 307 Louis XIII., King of France, 129 308 Louis XIV., King of France, 130 309 Louis XV., King of France, 131 312* Louis Napoleon. (_See_ Napoleon.) 312 Louis Philippe, King of France, 133 380 Louis Ferdinand, Prince of Prussia, 165 382 Ludwig I., ex-King of Bavaria, 166 205 Lully, Jean Baptiste de, Violinist, and Musical Composer, 86 371 Luther, Martin, the Great Reformer, 162 30 Lycurgus, Lawgiver, 28 463 Lyndhurst, John Singleton Copley, Baron, Ex-Chancellor of England, 211 204 Mabillon, Jean, Antiquary, 85 183 Machiavelli, Niccolo, Political Writer and Historian, 74 429 Mackintosh, Sir James, Historian and Metaphysician, 194 401 Macready, William Charles, Player, 175 57 Macrinus, Marcus Opilius, Roman Emperor, 36 76* Magnus Decentius, 41 171 Malibran, Maria Felicitas, Actress, 69 102 Mamæa, Julia, Roman Empress, 45 207 Mansart, Jules Hardouin, Architect, 86 448 Mansfield, William Murray, Earl of, Lord Chief Justice, 202 136 Mantegna, Andrea, Painter and Engraver, 58 369 Manteuffel, Otto-Feodor Freiherr von, Prussian Minister, 161 151 Marcantonio Raimondi, Engraver, 64 286 Marceau, François Sévérin Desgraviers, French General, 20 163 Marcello, Benedetto, Writer and Musician, 67 108 Marcellus, Marcus Claudius, Roman General, 47 48 Marcus Aurelius Antoninus, Roman Emperor, 34 53 Marcus Galerius Antoninus, Roman Prince, 35 310 Marie Antoinette, Joséphine Jeanne, Queen of France, 131 104 Mariniana, 45 490 Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots, 222 135 Masaccio, Tommaso Guidi, Painter, 57 279 Massena, André, Marshal of France, 117 100 Matidia, 45 483 Mathew, Father Theobald, Temperance Reformer, 219 59 Maximinus, Caius Julius Verus, Roman Emperor, 37 378 Maximilian Joseph I., King of Bavaria, 165 68 Maximus, Caius Julius Verus, Roman Prince, 39 293 Mazarin, Cardinal, Minister of France, 122 91 Mæsa, Julia, Roman Empress, 42 187 Medici, Cosmo de, Merchant and Statesman, 76 190 Medici, Giovanni. (_See_ Bandineri), 77 306 Medici, Marie de, Queen of France, 128 372 Melancthon, Philip, German Divine and Reformer, 162 32 Menander, Comic Poet, 28 331 Mendelssohn-Bartholdy, Felix, Musician, 144 315* Mengs, Anthony Raphael, Painter, 137 178 Metastasio, Pietro Bonaventura, Poet, 72 20A Metrodorus, Greek Philosopher, 23 143 Michael Angelo. (_See_ Buonarotti.) 199 Mignard, Pierre, Painter, 84 25 Miltiades, Athenian General, 26 408 Milton, John, Poet, 180 191 Mirandola, Francesco Pico della, 77 221 Molière, Dramatist, 93 251* Monge, Gaspar, Geometrician, 105 236 Montaigne, Michel de, Essayist, 98 461 Monteagle, Lord, English Peer, 211 234* Montenoy, Charles Palissot de. (_See_ Palissot.) 251 Montgolfier, Jacques Étienne, Aëronaut and Inventor of Balloons, 105 416 Moore, Thomas, Poet, 186 317 Mozart, Johann Wolfgang, Musical Composer, 138 399 Mulready, William, Painter, 175 149 Nani, Giovanni di. (_See_ Udine.) 311 Napoleon Buonaparte, Emperor of France, 132 312 Napoleon, Louis, Emperor of France, 132 455 Nelson, Horatio, Lord High Admiral, 207 36 Nero, Claudius Cæsar Drusus, Roman Emperor, 30 42 Nerva, Marcus Cocceius, Roman Emperor, 32 423 Newton, Sir Isaac, Astronomer and Philosopher, 190 285 Ney, Michel, Marshal of France, 119 385 Nicholas Paulovitch, Reigning Emperor of all the Russias, 167 256**** Nodier, Charles, Writer, 108 365 Nollendorf, Friedrich Hinrich von, Prussian Field-Marshal, 160 392 Northcote, James, Painter, 171 200 Nôtre, André le, Architect and Gardener, 84 34 Numa Pompilius, Second King of Rome, 29 465 O’Connell, Daniel, Orator and Lawyer, 212 473 O’Lochlen, Sir Michael, Lawyer, 216 347 Olbers, Heinrich Wilhelm Mathias, Astronomer, 153 130 Orcagna, or Orgagna, Andrea di Cione, Painter, Sculptor, Architect, 56 441 Owen, Richard, Naturalist, 199 321* Paer, Ferdinando, Musical Composer, 141 170 Paganini, Niccolo, Violinist, 69 165 Paisiello, Giovanni, Musical Composer, 67 157 Palestrina, Di. (_See_ Pierluigi.) 234* Palissot de Montenoy, Charles, Dramatist, 98 155 Palladio, Andrea, Architect, 65 471 Palmerston, Henry John Temple, Viscount, Statesman, 215 294 Pascal, Blaise, Theologian and Philosopher, 122 472 Peel, Sir Robert, Statesman, 215 264 Peiresc, Claude Fabri de, Patron of Science, 111 210 Percier, Charles, Architect, 88 29 Periander, “Tyrant” of Corinth, 28 27 Pericles, Athenian Statesman, 27 291 Perier, Casimir, Statesmen, 121 250 Pérouse, Jean François Galaup de la, Navigator, 104 49 Pertinax, Publius Helvius, Roman Emperor, 34 139 Perugino, Pietro, or Pietro Vanucci della Pieve, Painter, 58 343 Pestalozzi, Heinrich, Educator, 151 174 Petrarca, Francesco, Poet, 70 69 Philip (the Younger), Marcus Julius Philippus II., Roman Prince, 39 296* Philip III., King of France, 124 23 Phocion, Athenian Statesman and General, 25 157 Pierluigi, Giovanni, surnamed Palestrina, Musical Composer, 65 7? Pindar, Greek Poet, 16 164 Piranesi, Giambatista, Engraver, 67 231 Piron, Alexis, Poet, 96 129 Pisano, Niccola, Sculptor and Architect, 56 28 Pisistratus, “Tyrant” of Athens, 27 456 Pitt, William, Statesman, 208 16 Plato, Greek Philosopher, 21 99 Plotina, Pompeia, Roman Empress, 44 470 Pollock, Sir Frederick, Chief Baron of the Exchequer, 214 409 Pope, Alexander, Poet, 180 106 Poppæa, Sabina, Roman Empress, 46 31 Posidippus, Comic Poet, 28 33 Posidonius, Greek Philosopher, 29 470* Pottinger, Sir Henry, Diplomatist, 214 198 Poussin, Nicolas, Painter, 83 58 Pupienus--Marcus Claudius Pupienus Maximus, Roman Emperor, 36 223 Quinault, Philippe, Poet, 94 216 Rachel, Madlle. Felix, Tragic Actress, 91 225 Racine, Jean, Dramatist, 94 370 Radetzky, Count Joseph, Austrian General, 161 146 Raffaelle, Sanzio, Painter, 62 323 Rauch, Christian, Sculptor, 141 244 Réaumur, Réné Antoine Ferchault de, Chemist and Naturalist, 101 226 Regnard, Jean François, Dramatist, 95 194 Rezzonico, Carlo, afterwards Clement XIII., Pope, 78 292 Richelieu, Cardinal, Minister of France, 121 411 Rogers, Samuel, Poet, 183 242 Rollin, Charles, Historian, 101 219 Rotrou, Jean de, Dramatist, 92 243 Rousseau, Jean Baptiste, Lyric Poet, 101 247 Rousseau, Jean Jacques, Philosopher and Writer, 102 313 Rubens, Peter Paul, Painter, 136 474 Russell, Lord John, Statesman, 216 92 Sabina, Roman Empress, 43 255* Sacy, Antoine Isaac Silvestre, Baron de, Orientalist, 106 475 Salomons, David, Alderman, 216 103 Salonina, Cornelia, Roman Empress, 45 175 Sanazzaro, Giacomo, Poet, 70 147 Sanmicheli, Michele, Architect, 63 150 Sarto, Andrea del, Painter, 63 405 Sartoris, Adelaide, Vocalist, 176 270 Saxe, Maurice Comte de, Marshal of France, 114 109 Scipio, Africanus Major, Publius Cornelius, Roman General, 47 319 Schadow, Johann Gottfried, Sculptor, 139 363 Scharnhorst, Gebhardt David, General, 159 353 Schelling, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von, Metaphysician, 155 338 Schiller, Christoph von, Poet, 148 324 Schinkel, Karl Friedrich, Architect and Painter, 142 373 Schleiermacher, Friedrich Ernest Daniel, Theologian, 163 329 Schnorr, Julius, Painter, 144 330 Schwanthaler, Ludovic, Sculptor, 144 333 Schwind, Moritz von, Painter, 145 413 Scott, Sir Walter, Poet and Novelist, 184 148 Sebastiano del Piombo (Fra), Painter, 63 234 Sedaine, Michel Jean, Dramatist, 97 122 Seneca, Lucius Annæus, Philosopher, 53 64 Severus, Alexander Marcus Aurelius, Roman Emperor, 38 54 Severus, Lucius Septimius, Roman Emperor, 35 407 Shakspeare, William, Poet, 178 137 Signorelli, Luca, Painter, 58 440 Skey, Frederick Carpenter, Surgeon, 198 426 Smith, Adam, Philosopher and Political Economist, 192 393 Smith, John Raphael, 172 13 Socrates, Philosopher, 19 436* Somerville, Mary, Mathematician and Astronomer, 197 7 Sophocles, Tragic Poet, 16 208 Soufflot, Jacques Germain, Architect, 87 414 Southey, Robert, Poet Laureate, 185 169 Spontini, Gasparo, Musician, 68 362 Stein, Karl, Baron Von, Prussian Minister of State, 159 433 Stevenson, George, Engineer, 195 395 Stothard, Thomas, Painter, 173 201 Sueur, Eustache le, Painter, 84 263 Sully, Maximilien de Béthune, Duc de, Minister of State, 110 177 Tasso, Torquato, Poet, 71 419* Taylor, Henry, Poet, 188 118 Terence--Publius Terentius, Latin Comic Poet, 51 345 Thaer, Albrecht, Physician and Agriculturist, 152 320 Thorwaldsen, Albrecht Bartholomäus, Sculptor, 139 237 Thou, Jacques Auguste de, Minister of State and Historian, 99 12 Thucydides, Greek Historian, 19 37 Tiberius, Claudius Nero Cæsar, Roman Emperor, 30 322 Tieck, Christian Friedrich, Sculptor, 141 339 Tieck, Ludwig, Author, 149 145 Tisio, Benvenuto. (_See_ Garofalo) 144 Titian, Tiziano Vecellio, Painter, 61 43 Titus, Flavius Sabinus Vespasianus, Roman Emperor, 32 241 Tournefort, Joseph Pitton de, Botanist, 100 45 Trajan, Marcus Ulpius Trajanus, Roman Emperor, 33 266 Turenne, Henri de la Tour d’Auvergne, Vicomte de, Marshal of France, 112 149 Udine, Giovanni da, Painter, 63 301 Valentino, Carlota d’Avesne, Duchess of, 127 98 Valeria Messalina, Roman Empress, 44 139 Vanucci della Pievo, Pietro. (_See_ Perugino.) 150 Vannucchi, Andrea. (_See_ Sarto.) 240 Vauban, Sebastien le Prestre de, Engineer, 100 194* Ventura, Padre, Italian Priest, 79 207* Vernet, Claude Joseph, Painter, 87 403 Vernon, Robert, Patron of Art, 176 156 Veronese, Paolo Cagliari, called, Painter, 65 51 Verus, Ælius. (_See_ Ælius.), 35 52 Verus, Annius. (_See_ Annius.), 35 50 Verus, Lucius Aurelius, Roman Emperor, 35 39* Vespasian--Titus Flavius Sabinus Vespasianius, Roman Emperor, 31 496 Victoria, Queen of England, 225 141 Vinci, Leonardo da, Painter, 59 121 Virgil--Publius Virgilius Maro, Latin Poet, 52 41 Vitellius, Aulus, Roman Emperor, 32 233 Voltaire, François Marie Arouet de, Historian, Poet, and Wit, 97 75 Volusianus, Caius Vibius, Roman Emperor, 41 197 Vouet, Simon, Painter, 83 444 Warren, Samuel, Lawyer and Writer, 201 364 Wartenburg, Yorck Count von, Prussian Field-Marshal, 159 451 Washington, George, First President of the United States, 204 428 Watt, James, Improver of the Steam Engine, 193 469* Webster, Daniel, American Statesman and Orator, 214 459 Wellington, Arthur, Duke of, Soldier and Statesman, 209 437 Whewell, William, Philosopher, 197 336 Wieland, Christoph, Poet, 147 494 William IV., King of England, 225 417 Wilson, John, Poet and Professor, 186 315 Winckelmann, Johann Joachim, Antiquary, 137 484 Wiseman, Cardinal, Chief of the Romish Church in England, 220 348 Wolf, Friedrich Augustus, Philologist, 153 481 Wolsey, Cardinal, Minister of State, 218 410 Wordsworth, William, Poet, 183 389 Wren, Sir Christopher, Architect and Mathematician, 169 193 Ximenez de Cisneros, Francisco, Cardinal and Regent of Spain, 78 432 Yarrell, William, Naturalist, 195 159 Zampieri, Domenico. (_See_ Domenichino.) 318 Zelter, Karl Friedrich, Musician, 139 21 Zeno, Founder of the Stoic Philosophy, 23 359 Ziethen, Hans Joachim von, Prussian General, 157 166 Zingarelli, Niccolo, Musician, 67 BRADBURY AND EVANS, PRINTERS, WHITEFRIARS. THE NATURAL HISTORY DEPARTMENT OF THE CRYSTAL PALACE DESCRIBED. ETHNOLOGY. BY DR. R. G. LATHAM, M.D. ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY. BY EDWARD FORBES, F.R.S., Professor in the University of Edinburgh. [Illustration] CRYSTAL PALACE LIBRARY; AND BRADBURY & EVANS, 11, BOUVERIE STREET, LONDON. 1854. BRADBURY AND EVANS, PRINTERS TO THE CRYSTAL PALACE COMPANY, WHITEFRIARS, LONDON. PREFACE. The Natural History, which forms the subject of this Handbook, is of a somewhat more comprehensive kind than the current meaning of the words would suggest. It comprises not only Botany and Zoology proper, but also ETHNOLOGY, or, the Science of Human Races. Ethnology, from the greater novelty of the subject and its comparative importance, occupies the first and larger part of this little volume. The second part is, however, absolutely necessary to the full illustration of the first; and in order that each may reflect due light upon the other, the reader will do well, after going through the notice of each Ethnological group, to refer to the corresponding description in the Botanical and Zoological portion. In the heading of each group is indicated the page for reference. CONTENTS.