17. The worshipers of the Sun-god, _Serapis_, were also called

"Christians," and his disciples "Bishops of Christ."[568:1] So much, then, for the celebrated passage in Tacitus. * * * * * NOTE.--Tacitus says--according to the passage attributed to him--that "those who confessed [to be Christians] were first seized, and then on their evidence _a huge multitude_ (_Ingens Multitudo_) were convicted, not so much on the charge of incendiarism as for _their hatred to mankind_." Although M. Renan may say (_Hibbert Lectures_, p. 70) that the authenticity of this passage "cannot be disputed," yet the absurdity of "a huge multitude" of Christians being in Rome, in the days of Nero, A. D. 64--about thirty years' after the time assigned for the crucifixion of Jesus--has not escaped the eye of thoughtful scholars. Gibbon--who saw how ridiculous the statement is--attempts to reconcile it with common sense by supposing that Tacitus knew so little about the Christians that he confounded them with the Jews, and that the hatred universally felt for the latter fell upon the former. In this way he believes Tacitus gets his "huge multitude," as the Jews established themselves in Rome as early as 60 years B. C., where they multiplied rapidly, living together in the Trastevere--the most abject portion of the city, where all kinds of rubbish was put to rot--where they became "old clothes" men, the porters and hucksters, bartering tapers for broken glass, hated by the mass and pitied by the few. Other scholars, among whom may be mentioned Schwegler (_Nachap Zeit._, ii. 229); Köstlin (_Johann-Lehrbegr._, 472); and Baur (_First Three Centuries_, i. 133); also being struck with the absurdity of the statement made by some of the early Christian writers concerning the wholesale prosecution of Christians, said to have happened at that time, suppose it must have taken place during the persecution of Trajan, A. D. 101. It is strange we hear of no Jewish martyrdoms or Jewish persecutions till we come to the times of the Jewish war, and then chiefly in Palestine! But fables must be made realities, so we have the ridiculous story of a "huge multitude" of Christians being put to death in Rome, in A. D. 64, evidently for the purpose of bringing Peter there, making him the first Pope, and having him crucified head downwards. This absurd story is made more evident when we find that it was not until about A. D. 50--only 14 years before the alleged persecution--that the first Christians--a mere handful--entered the capitol of the Empire. (See Renan's _Hibbert Lectures_, p. 55.) They were a poor dirty set, without manners, clad in filthy gaberdines, and smelling strong of garlic. From these, then, with others who came from Syria, we get our "huge multitude" in the space of 14 years. The statement attributed to Tacitus is, however, outdone by Orosius, who asserts that the persecution extended "through all the provinces." (Orosius, ii. 11.) That it was a very easy matter for some Christian writer to interpolate or alter a passage in the _Annals_ of Tacitus may be seen from the fact that the MS. was not known to the world before the 15th century, and from information which is to be derived from reading Daillé _On the Right Use of the Fathers_, who shows that they were accustomed to doing such business, and that these writings are, to a large extent, unreliable. FOOTNOTES: [564:1] The Rev. Dr. Giles says: "Great is our disappointment at finding nothing in the works of Philo about the Christians, their doctrines, or their sacred books. About the _books_ indeed we need not expect any notice of these works, but about the Christians and their doctrines his silence is more remarkable, seeing that he was about sixty years old at the time of the crucifixion, and living mostly in Alexandria, so closely connected with Judea, and the Jews, could hardly have failed to know something of the _wonderful events_ that had taken place in the city of Jerusalem." (Hebrew and Christian Records, vol. ii. p. 61.) The Rev. Dr. assumes that these "wonderful events" really took place, but, if they did not take place, of course Philo's silence on the subject is accounted for. [564:2] Both these philosophers were living, and must have experienced the immediate effects, or received the earliest information of the existence of Christ Jesus, had such a person as the Gospels make him out to be ever existed. Their ignorance or their willful silence on the subject, is not less than _improbable_. [564:3] Antiquities, bk. xviii. ch. iii. 3. [564:4] Ibid. bk. xx. ch. ix. 1. [564:5] John, Bishop of Constantinople, who died.... [565:1] Lardner: vol. vi. ch. iii. [565:2] Bible for Learners, vol. iii. p. 27. [565:3] Life of Christ, vol. I. p. 63. [565:4] Hebrew and Christ. Rec. vol. ii. p. 62. [565:5] In his Eccl. Hist. lib. 2. ch. xii. [565:6] Ch. 31, bk. xii. of Eusebius _Præ paratio Evangelica_ is entitled: "How far it may be proper to use falsehood as a medium for the benefit of those who require to be deceived;" and he closes his work with these words: "I have repeated whatever may rebound to the glory, and suppressed all that could tend to the disgrace of our religion." [566:1] The original MSS. containing the "Annals of Tacitus" were "discovered" in the fifteenth century. Their existence cannot be traced back further than that time. And as it was an age of imposture, some persons are disposed to believe that not only portions of the _Annals_, but the whole work, was forged at that time. Mr. J. W. Ross, in an elaborate work published in London some years ago, contended that the _Annals_ were forged by Poggio Bracciolini, their professed discoverer. At the time of Bracciolini the temptation was great to palm off literary forgeries, especially of the chief writers of antiquity, on account of the Popes, in their efforts to revive learning, giving money rewards and indulgences to those who should procure MS. copies of any of the ancient Greek or Roman authors. Manuscripts turned up as if by magic, in every direction; from libraries of monasteries, obscure as well as famous; the most out-of-the-way places,--the bottom of exhausted wells, besmeared by snails, as the History of Velleius Paterculus, or from garrets, where they had been contending with cobwebs and dust, as the poems of Catullus. [567:1] A portion of the passage--that relating to the manner in which the Christians were put to death--is found in the _Historia Sacra_ of Sulpicius Severus, a Christian Father, who died A. D. 420; but it is evident that this writer did not take it from the _Annals_. On the contrary, the passage was taken--as Mr. Ross shows--from the _Historia Sacra_, and bears traces of having been so appropriated. (See Tacitus & Bracciolini, the Annals forged in the XVth century, by J. W. Ross.) [567:2] "_Christ_ is a name having no spiritual signification, _and importing nothing more than an ordinary surname_." (Dr. Giles: Hebrew and Christian Records, vol. ii. p. 64.) "The name of _Jesus_ and _Christ_ was both known and honored among the ancients." (Eusebius: Eccl. Hist., lib. 1, ch. iv.) "The name _Jesus_ is of Hebrew origin, and signifies _Deliverer_, and _Savior_. It is the same as that translated in the Old Testament _Joshua_. The word _Christ_, of Greek origin, is properly _not a name_ but _a title_, signifying _The Anointed_. The whole name is therefore, _Jesus the Anointed_ or _Jesus the Messiah_." (Abbott and Conant; Dic. of Relig. Knowledge, art. "_Jesus Christ_.") In the oldest Gospel extant, that attributed to Matthew, we read that Jesus said unto his disciples, "Whom say ye that I am?" whereupon Simon Peter answers and says: "Thou art THE CHRIST, the Son of the living God. . . . Then charged he his disciples that they should tell no man that he was Jesus THE Christ." (Matt. xvi. 15-20.) This clearly shows that "_the Christ_" was simply a _title_ applied to the man Jesus, therefore, if a _title_, it cannot be a _name_. All passages in the New Testament which speak of _Christ_ as a _name_, betray their modern date. [567:3] "This name (Christian) occurs but three times in the New Testament, and is never used by Christians of themselves, only as spoken by or coming from those without the Church. The general names by which the early Christians called themselves were 'brethren,' 'disciples,' 'believers,' and 'saints.' The presumption is that the name _Christian_ was originated by the _Heathen_." (Abbott and Conant: Dic. of Relig. Knowledge, art. "Christian.") "We are called Christians (_not_, we call ourselves Christians). So, then, _we are the best of men_ (Chrestians), and it can never be just to hate what is (Chrest) _good and kind_;" [or, "therefore to hate what is _Chrestian_ is unjust."] (Justin Martyr: _Apol._ 1. c. iv.) "Some of the ancient writers of the Church have not scrupled expressly to call the Athenian _Socrates_, and some others of the _best_ of the heathen moralists, by the name of _Christians_." (Clark: Evidences of Revealed Relig., p. 284. Quoted in Ibid. p. 41.) "Those who lived according to the Logos, (_i. e._, the _Platonists_), were really _Christians_." (Clemens Alexandrinus, in _Ibid._) "Undoubtedly we are called _Christians_, for this reason, _and none other_, than because _we are anointed with the oil of God_." (Theophilus of Antioch, in Ibid. p. 399.) "Christ is the Sovereign Reason of whom the whole human race participates. _All those who have lived comformably to a right reason, have been Christians_, notwithstanding that they have always been looked upon as Atheists." (Justin Martyr: _Apol._ 1. c. xlvi.) Lucian makes a person called Triephon answer the question, whether the affairs of the _Christians_ were recorded in heaven. "All nations are there recorded, since Chrestus exists even among the Gentiles." [568:1] "Egypt, which you commended to me, my dearest Servianus, I have found to be wholly fickle and inconsistent, and continually wafted about by every breath of fame. The worshipers of SERAPIS (here) are called _Christians_, and those who are _devoted_ to the god Serapis (I find), call themselves _Bishops of Christ_." (The Emperor _Adrian_ to Servianus, written A. D. 134. Quoted by Dr. Giles, vol. ii. p. 86.) INDEX. A. _Abraham_, story of, 38; Hindoo parallel, 39; other parallels, 39, 40; the foundation of, 103; his birth announced by a star, 144; supposed to have had the same soul as Adam, David, and the Messiah, 504. _Absolution_ from sin by sacrifice of ancient origin, 181; by baptism, 316; refused to Constantine by Pagan priests, 444. _Abury_, the temple at, 180. _Achilleus_, a personification of the Sun, 485. _Adam_, was reproduced in Noah, Elijah, and other Bible celebrities, 44; no trace of the story of the fall of, in the Hebrew Canon, after the Genesis account, 99. _Aditi_, "Mother of the Gods," 475; a personification of the Dawn, 475; is identified with Devaki, 475. _Adonis_, is born of a Virgin, 191; has title of "Saviour," 191, 217; is slain, 191; rises from the dead, 218; is creator of the world, 249; his temple at Bethlehem, 220; his birth on December 25th, 364; a personification of the Sun, 484; in Hebrew "My Lord," 485. _Æolus_, son of Jupiter, 125. _Æon_, Christ Jesus an, 427; there have been several, 427; the Gnostics believed Christ Jesus to have been an, 511; the Essenes believed in the doctrine of an, 515. _Æschylus'_ Prometheus Bound, 192. _Æsculapius_, a son of Jove, 128; worshiped as a God, 128; is called the "Saviour," 194; the "Logos," 374; Death and Resurrection of, 217. _Agni_, represented with seven arms, 32; a Hindoo God, 32; the Cross a symbol of, 340. _Agnus Dei_, the, succeeded the Bulla, 405; worn by children, 405. _Agony_, the, on Good Friday, is the weeping for Tammuz, the fair Adonis, 226. _Akiba_, Rabbi, believed Bar-Cochaba to be the Messiah, 433. _Alcmena_, mother of Hercules, 124. _Alexander_, divides the Pamphylian Sea, 61; believed to be a divine incarnation, 127; visits the temple of Jupiter Ammon, 127; and styles himself "Son of Jupiter Ammon," 127. _Alexandria_, the library of, 438; the great intellectual centre, 440; and the cradle of Christianity, 219, 442. _Allegorical_, the, interpretation of the Scriptures practiced by Rabbis, 100; the historical theory succeeded by, 466, 552, 563. _Allegory_, the story of the "Fall of Man" an, 100. _All-father_, the, of all nations, a personification of the Sky, 478. _Alpha and Omega_, Jesus believed to be, 250; Crishna, 250; Buddha, 250; Lao-Kiun, 250; Ormuzd, 251; Zeus, 251; Bacchus, 251. _Ambrose, St._, affirms that the Apostles made a creed, 385. _America_, populated from Asia, 540; was at one time joined to Asia, 541. _American Trinity_, the, 378. _Americans_, their connection with the old world, 533. _Ammon_, Jupiter, his temple visited by Alexander, 127. _Amphion_, son of Jove, 124. _Amulets_ and Charms, worn by the Christians, 405; are relics of Paganism, 405. _Ananda_, and the Matangi Girl, 294. _Andrew's, St._, Cross, of Pagan origin, 339. _Angel Messiah_, Buddha an, 116; Crishna an, 196; Christ an, 196; the Essenes applied the legend of, to Jesus, 442. _Angels_, the fallen, 386; believed in by all nations of antiquity, 386-388. _Animals_, none sacrificed in early times, 182. _Antiquity_, the, of Pagan religions, compared with Christianity, 451. _Apis_, or the Bull, worshiped by the children of Israel, 107; symbolized the productive power in Nature, 476, _note_ 5. _Apollo_, a lawgiver, 61; son of Jove, 125; has the title of "Saviour," 194; is put to death, 191; resurrection of, 218; a type of Christ, 500; is a personification of the Sun, 500-506. _Apostles_, the, 500. _Apostles' Creed_, the, not written by them, 385. _Apotheosis_, the, of Pagans, 126. _Apollonius_, considered divine, 126; cured diseases, 261; raised a dead maiden to life, 262; his life written by Flavius Philostratus, 264. _Arabia_, "wise men" came from, 150, _note_ 1. _Arabs_, the, anciently worshiped Saturn, 393; celebrated the birth of the Sun on December 25th, with offerings of gold, frankincense and myrrh, 480. _Ararat_, Mount, Noah's ark landed on, 21. _Arcas_, a son of Jove, 125. _Architecture_, the, of India same as Mexico, 538. _Aries_, the sign of a symbol of Christ, 503; personified and called the "Lamb of God," 504; the worship of, the worship of the Sun, 504. _Arimanes_, the evil spirit, according to Persian legend, 3. _Arion_, a Corinthian harper, 78. _Arjoon or Arjuna_, the cousin and beloved disciple of Crishna, 247. _Ark_, the, of Noah, 20; and others, 22-27. _Armenian_, the, tradition of "Confusion of Tongues," 35. _Aroclus_, son of Jove, 125. _Artemon_, denied the divinity of Jesus, 135. _Ascension_, of Jesus, 215; of Crishna, 215; of Rama, 216; of Buddha, 216; of Lao-Kiun, 216; of Zoroaster, 216; of Æsculapius, 217; of Osiris, 222; Atys, 222; Mithras, 222. _Asceticism_, as practiced among the Christians, of great antiquity, 400. _Ashera_, the, or upright emblem, stood in the Temple at Jerusalem, 47. _Asia_, the continent of, at one time joined to America, 541; America inhabited from, 454, 533. _Asia Minor_, the people persecuted in by orders of Constantius, 448. _Asita_, the holy Rishi, visits Buddha at his birth, 151. _Asoka_, the council of, 303. _Assyrian Dove_, the, a symbol of the Holy Ghost, 400. _Assyrians_, the, worshiped a sun-god called Sandon, 74; had an account of a war in Heaven, 388; kept the seventh day holy, 393. _Astaroth_, the goddess, saved the life of a Grecian maiden, 39. _Astarte_, or Mylitta, worshiped by the Hebrews, 108. _Astrology_, practiced by the ancients, 141, 142. _Astronomers_, the ancient Egyptians great, 547. _Astronomy_, understood by the ancient Chinese, 544. _Athanasian Creed_, the, 381. _Athens_, the Parthenon of, 333. _Atlas_, a personification of the sun, 83. _Atonement_, the doctrine of, taught before the time of Christ Jesus, 181. _Atys_, the Crucified, 190; is called the "Only-begotten Son," and "Saviour," 190; rose from the dead, 223. _Augustine, St._, saw men and women without heads, 437. _Aurora placida_, made into St. Aura and St. Placida, 399. _Avatar_, Jesus considered an, 111; a star at birth of every, 143, 479; an "Angel-Messiah," a "Christ," 196; an, expected about every 600 years, 426. B. _Baal_, and Moloch, worshiped by the children of Israel, 108. _Baal-peor_, the Priapos of the Jews, 47. _Babel_, the tower of, 33; literally "the Gate of God," 34; built at Babylon, 34; a parallel to in other countries, 35; built for astronomical purposes, 35. _Babylonian Captivity_, the, put an end to Israel's idolatry, 108. _Bacab_, the Son, in the Mexican Trinity, 378. _Bacchus_, performed miracles, 50; passed through the Red Sea dry-shod, 51; divided the waters of the rivers Orontes and Hydaspus, 51; drew water from a rock, 51; was a law-giver, 52; the son of Jupiter, 124; was born in a cave, 156; torn to pieces, 193, 209; was called the "Saviour," 193; "Only-begotten Son," 193; "Redeemer," 193; the sun darkened at his death, 208; ascended into heaven, 208; rose from the dead, 228; a personification of the sun, 492. _Baga_, the, of the cuneiform inscriptions a name of the Supreme Being, 391; is in English associated with an ugly fiend, 391. _Balaam_, his ass speaks, 91; parallels to in Egypt, Chaldea and Greece, 91. _Bala-rama_, the brother of Crishna, 74; the Indian Hercules, 74. _Baldur_, called "The Good," 129; "The Beneficent Saviour," 129; Son of the Supreme God Odin, 129; is put to death and rises again, 224; a personification of the sun, 479. _Bambino_, the, at Rome is black, 336. _Baptism_, a heathen rite adopted by the Christians, 317; practiced in Mongolia and Thibet, 317; by the Brahmins, 317; by the followers of Zoroaster, 318; administered in the Mithraic mysteries, 319; performed by the ancient Egyptians, 319. _Baptismal fonts_, used by the Pagans, 406. _Bar-Cochba_, the "Son of a Star," 144; believed to be the Messiah, 432. _Beads_ (see Rosary). _Beatitudes_, the, the prophet of, 527. _Belief_, or faith, salvation by, existed in the earliest times, 184. _Bellerophon_, a mighty Grecian hero, 75. _Belus_, the tower of, 34. _Benares_, the Hindoo Jerusalem, 296. _Berosus_, on the flood, 22. _Bible_, the Egyptian, the oldest in the world, 24. _Birth_, the Miraculous, of Jesus, 111; Crishna, 113; Buddha, 115; Codom, 118; Fuh-he, 119; Lao-Kiun, 120; Yu, Hau-Ki, 120; Confucius, 121; Horus, 122; Zoroaster, 123; and others, 123-131. _Birth-day_, the, of the gods, on December 25th, 364. _Birth-place_, the, of Christ Jesus, in a cave, 154; the, of other saviours, in a cave, 155-158. _Black God_, the, crucified, 201. _Black Mother_, the, and child, 336. _Bochia_, of the Persians, performed miracles, 256. _Bochica_, a god of the Muyscas, 130. _Bodhisatwa_, a name of Buddha, 115. _Books, sacred_, among heathen nations, 61. _Brahma_, the first person in Hindoo Trinity, 369. _Brahmins_, the, perform the rite of baptism, 317. _Bread and Wine_, a sacrifice with, celebrated by the Grand Lama of Thibet, 306; by the Essenes, 306; by Melchizedek, 307; by those who were initiated into the mysteries of Mithras, 307. _Blind Man_, cured by Jesus, 268; by the Emperor Vespasian at Alexandria, 268. _Brechin_, the fire tower of, 199; a crucifix cut upon, 198. _Buddha_, born of the Virgin Maya, 115; his birth announced by a star, 143; demonstrations of delight at his birth, 147; is visited by Asita, 151; was of royal descent, 163; a dangerous child, 168; tempted by the devil, 176; fasted, 176; died and rose again to life, 216; ascended into heaven, 216; compared with Jesus, 289. _Buddhism_, the established religion of Burmah, Siam, Laos, Pega, Cambodia, Thibet, Japan, Tartary, Ceylon, and Loo-Choo, 297. _Buddhist religion_, the, compared with Christianity, 302. _Buddhists_, the monastic system among, 401. _Bull_, the, an emblem of the sun, 476. _Bulla_, the, worn by Roman children, 405; and now a lamb, the Agnus Dei, 405. C. _Cabala_, the, had its Trinity, 376. _Cadiz_, the gates of, 70. _Cæsar_ (Augustus), was believed to be divine, 126. _Cæsar_ (Julius), was likened to the divine, 126. _Calabrian Shepherds_, the, a few weeks before Winter solstice, came into Rome to play on the pipes, 365. _Cam-Deo_, the God of Love, 216. _Capricorn_, when the planets met in, the world was deluged with water, 102. _Cardinals_, the, of Rome, wear the robes once worn by Roman senators, 400. _Carmelites_, the, and Essenes the same, 422. _Canon_, the, of the New Testament, when settled, 463. _Carne-vale_, a farewell to animal food, 227. _Carnutes_, the, of Gaul, 198; the Lamb of, 199. _Castles_, Lord, a ring found on his estate, 199. _Catholic_ rites and ceremonies are imitations of those of the Pagans, 384. _Catholic theory_, the, of the fall of the angels, 386. _Cave_, Jesus born in a, 154; Crishna born in a, 156; Abraham born in a, 156; Apollo born in a, 156; Mithras born in a, 156; Hermes born in a, 156. _Caves_, all the oldest temples were in, 286. _Celibacy_, among Pagan priests, 400-404. _Celts_, the, Legend of the Deluge found among, 27. _Cerinthus_, denied the divinity of Jesus, 136. _Ceylon_, never believed to have been the Paradise, 13. _Chaldean_, the, account of the Deluge, 22. _Chaldeans_, the, Legend of the Deluge borrowed from, 101; worshiped the Sun, 480. _Champlain period_, the, 28. _Chandragupta_, a dangerous child, 171. _Chastity_, among Mexican priests, 404. _Charlemagne_, the Messiah of medieval Teutondom, 239. _Cherokees_, the, had a priest and law-giver called Wasi, 130. _Cherubim_, the, of Genesis, a dragon, 14. _Child_, the dangerous, 165. _Chiliasm_, the thousand years when Satan is bound, 242. _Chimalman_, the Mexican virgin, 334. _Chinese_, the, have their Age of Virtue, 14; have a legend of a deluge, 25; worship a Virgin-born God, 119; worship a "Queen of Heaven," 327; worship a Trinity, 371; have "Festivals of gratitude to Tien," 392; have monasteries for priests, friars and nuns, 401; identified with the American race, 539. _Cholula_, the tower of, 36. _Chrest_, the, 568. _Christ_ (Buddha), compared with Jesus, 289. _Christ_ (Crishna), compared with Jesus, 278. _Christ_ (Jesus), born of a Virgin, 111; a star heralds his birth, 140; is visited by shepherds and wise men, 150; is born in a cave, 154; is of royal descent, 160; is tempted by the devil, 175; fasts for forty days, 175; is put to death, 181; no early representations of, on the cross, 201; descends into hell, 211; rises from the dead, 215; ascends into heaven, 215; will come again, 233; will be judge of the dead, 245; as creator, 246; performs miracles, 252; compared with Crishna, 278; compared with Buddha, 289; his birth-day not known, 359; a personification of the Sun, 498; not identical with the historical Jesus, 506. _Christian_, the name, originated by Heathens, 567, _note_ 3. _Christianity_, identical with Paganism, 384; why it prospered, 419. _Christians_, the disciples first called, at Antioch, 567; the worshipers of Serapis called, 568; heathen moralists called by the name of, 568. _Christian Symbols_, of Pagan origin, 339. _Christening_, a Pagan rite, 320. _Circumcision_, the universal practice of, 85. _Claudius_, Roman Emperor, 126; considered divine, 126. _Cobra_, the, or hooded snake, held sacred in India, 199. _Codom_, the Siamese Virgin-born Saviour, 118. The legend of, contained in the Pali books, 316 B. C., 451. _Comets_, superstitions concerning, 144, 210. _Coming_, the second, of Christ Jesus, 233; of Vishnu, 236; of Buddha, 237; of Bacchus, 238; of Arthur, 238; of Charlemagne, 239; of Quetzalcoatle, 239. _Commandments_, the ten, of Moses, and of Buddha, 59. _Conception_, the immaculate, of Jesus, 111; of Crishna, 113; of Buddha, 115; of Codom, 118; of Salivahana, 119; of Fuh-he, 119; of Fo-hi, 119; of Xaca, 119; of Lao-kiun, 120; of Yu, 120; of Hau-ki, 120; of Confucius, 121; of Horus, 122; of Raam-ses, 123; of Zoroaster, 123; of Hercules, 124; of Bacchus, 125; of Perseus, 125; of Mercury, 126; Apollo, 126; of Quetzalcoatle, 129. _Confession_, the, of sins, of Pagan origin, 403. _Confirmation_, the, of children, of Pagan origin, 319. _Confucius_, was of supernatural origin, 121; had seventy-two disciples, 121; author of the "Golden Rule," 415. _Confusion of Tongues_, the "Scripture" account of, 33; the Armenian tradition, 35; the Hindoo legend of, 35; the Mexican legend of, 36. _Constantine_ (Saint), the first Roman emperor to check free thought, 444; accepts the Christian faith, 444; commits murders, 444; baptized on his death-bed, 445; the first Roman emperor who embraced the Christian faith, 446; his edicts against heretics, 446; his effigies engraved on Roman coins, 446; conferred dignities on the Christians, 446. _Coronis_, the mother of Æsculapius, 128; impregnated by a god, 128. _Creation_, the, Hebrew legend of, 1; two different and contradictory accounts of, 5; Bishop Colenso on, 5; Persian legend of, 7; Etruscan legend of, 7; Hebrew legend of, borrowed from Chaldeans, 98. _Creator_, the, Jesus considered, 247; Crishna, according to the Hindoos, 247; Lauther, according to the Chinese, 248; Iao, according to the Chaldeans, 248; Ormuzd, according to the Persians, 249; Narduk, according to the Assyrians, 249; Adonis and Prometheus believed to be, 249. _Creed_, the Apostles', 385; compared with the Pagan, 385; not known before the fourth century, 385; additions to since A. D. 600, 385. _Crescent_, the, an emblem of the female generative principle, 328. _Crèstos_, the, was the Logos, 487. _Crishna_, born of the Virgin Devaki, 113; the greatest of all the Avatars, 113; is "Vishnu himself in human form," 113; his birth announced in the heavens by a star, 278; spoke to his mother shortly after birth, 279; adored by cowherds, 279; presented with gifts, 279; was of royal descent, 280; performed miracles, 281; was crucified, 280; descended into hell, 282; rose from the dead, 282; a personification of the sun, 483. _Cross_, the, used as a religious symbol before the Christian era, 338; adored in India, 340; adored by the Buddhists of Thibet, 340; found on Egyptian monuments, 342; found under the temple of Serapis, 342; universally adored before the Christian era, 339-347. _Crucifixes_, the earliest Christian, described, 203-205. _Crucifixion_, the, of Jesus, 180; of "Saviours" before the Christian era, 181-193; of all the gods, explained, 484, 485. _Crux Ansata_, the, of Egypt, 341. _Cuneiform Inscriptions_, the, of Babylonians, relate the legends of creation and fall of man, 9, 98. _Cybele_, the goddess, called "Mother of God," 333. _Cyril, St._, caused the death of Hypatia, 440. _Cyrus_, king of Persia, 127; considered divine, 127; called the "Christ," 127, 196; believed to be the Messiah, 433; sun myth added to the history of, 506. D. _Dag_, a, Hercules swallowed up by, 78. _Dagon_, a fish-god of the Philistines, 82; identical with the Indian fish Avatar of Vishnu, 82. _Danae_, a "Virgin Mother," 124. _Dangerous_ Child, the, myth of, 165. _Daphne_, a personification of the morning, 469. _Darkness_, at crucifixion of Jesus, 206; parallels to, 206-210; the, explained, 494. _David_, killed Goliath, 90; compared with Thor, 91. _Dawn_, the, personified, and called Aditi, the "Mother of the Gods," 475. _Day_, the, swallowed up by night, 79. _December_ 25th, birth-day of the gods, 359. _Delphi_, Apollo's tomb at, 510. _Deluge_, the, Hebrew legend of, 19; parallels to, 20-30. _Demi-gods_, the, of antiquity not real personages, 467. _Demons_, cast out, by Jews and Gentiles, 269. _Denis, St._, is Dionysus, 399. _Deo Soli_, pictures of the Virgin inscribed with the words, 338. _Derceto_, the goddess, represented as a mermaid, 83. _Deucalion_, the legend of, 26; derived from Chaldean sources, 101. _Devaki_, a virgin mother, 326. _Devil_, the, counterfeits the religion of Christ, 124; formerly a name of the Supreme Being, 391. _Diana_, called "Mother," yet famed for her virginity, 333. _Dionysus_, a name of Bacchus, 51. _Divine incarnation_, the idea of redemption by a, was general and popular among the Heathen, 183. _Divine incarnations_, common before the time of Jesus, 112. _Divine Love_, crucified, 484; the sun, 487. _Divus_, the title of, given to Roman emperors, 125. _Docetes_, Asiatic Christians who invented the phantastic system, 136. _Dove_, the, a symbol of the Holy Ghost among all nations of antiquity, 357; the, crucified, 485. _Dragon_, a, protected the garden of the Hesperides, 11; the cherub of Genesis, 14. _Drama_ of Life, the, 29. _Druids_, the, of Gaul, worshiped the Virgo-Paritura as the Mother of God, 333. _Durga_, a fish deity among the Hindoos, 82. _Dyaus_, the Heavenly Father, 478; a personification of the sky, 478. E. _East_, turning to in worship, practiced by Christians, 503. _Easter_, origin of, 226; observed in China, 227; controversies about, 227; dyed eggs on, of Pagan origin, 228; the primitive was celebrated on March 25th, 335. _Eating_, the forbidden fruit, the story of, figurative, 101. _Ebionites_, the first Christians called, 134. _Ecclesiastics_, the Essenes called, 424. _Eclectics_, the Essenes called, 424. _Eclipse_, an, of the Sun, occurred at the death of Jesus, 206; of Romulus, 207; of Julius Cæsar, 207; of Æsculapius, 208; of Hercules, 208; of Quirinius, 208. _Edda_, the, of the Scandinavians speaks of the "Golden" Age, 15; describes the deluge, 27. _Egypt_, legend of the Deluge not known in, 23; the Exodus from, 48; circumcision practiced in, 85; virgin-born gods worshiped in, 122; kings of considered gods, 123; Virgin Mother worshiped in, 329, 330; the cross adored in, 341. _Egyptian faith_, hardly an idea in the Christian system which has not its analogy in the, 414. _Egyptian kings_ considered gods, 123. _Egyptians_, the, had a legend of the "Tree of Life," 12; received their laws direct from God, 60; practiced circumcision at an early period, 85; were great astrologers, 142; were familiar with the war in heaven, 387. _El_, the Phenician deity, 484; called the "Saviour," 484. _Elephant_, the, a symbol of power and wisdom, 117; cut on the fire tower at Brechin, in Scotland, 198; in America, 537. _Eleusinian_, the, Mysteries, 310. _Eleusis_, the ceremonies at, 310. _Elijah_ ascends to heaven, 90; its parallel, 90. _Elohistic_, the, narrative of the Creation and Deluge differs from the Jehovistic, 93. _Elysium_, the, of the Greeks, 11; meaning of, 101. _Emperors_, the, of Rome considered divine, 126. _Eocene period_, the, 29. _Eostre_, or _Oster_, the Saxon Goddess, 226, 227. _Epimetheus_, the first man, brother of Prometheus, 10. _Equinox_, at the Spring, most nations set apart a day to implore the blessings of their gods, 492. _Esdras_, the apocryphal book of, 95. _Essenes_, the, and the Therapeutæ the same, 419; the origin of not known, 419; compared with the primitive Christians, 420; their principal rites connected with the East, 423; the "Scriptures" of, 443. _Etruscan_, baptism, 320; Goddess, 330. _Etruscans_, the, had a legend of creation similar to Hebrew, 75; performed the rite of baptism, 320; worshiped a "Virgin Mother," 330. _Eucharist_, the, or Lord's Supper, 305; instituted before the Christian era, 305; performed by various ancient nations, 305-312. _Eudes_, the, of California, worshiped a mediating deity, 131. _Eusebius_, speaks of the Ebionites, 134; of Easter, 226; of Simon Magus, 265; of Menander the "Wonder Worker," 266; of an "ancient custom" among the Christians, 316; the birth of Jesus, 361; calls the Essenes Christians, 422. _Eve_, the first woman, 3. _Evil_, origin of, 4. _Exorcism_, practiced by the Jews before the time of Jesus, 268. _Explanation_, the, of the Universal Mythos, 466. _Ezra_, added to the Pentateuch, 94. F. _Faith_, salvation by, taught before the Christian era, 184. _Fall of Man_, the, Hebrew account of, 4; parallels to, 7-16; hardly alluded to outside of Genesis, 99; allegorical meaning of, 101. _Fall of the Angels_, the, 386. _Fasting_, for forty days, a common occurrence, 179; at certain periods, practiced by the ancients, 177, 392. _Father, Son and Holy Ghost_, the, of Pagan origin, 369. _Females_, the, of the Orinoco tribes, fasted forty days before marriage, 179. _Festivals_, held by the Hindoos, the Chinese, the Egyptians, and others, 392. _Fifty_, Jesus said to have lived to the age of, 515. _Fig-tree_, the, sacred, 13. _Fijians_, the, practiced circumcision, 86. _Fire_, worshiped by the Mexicans and Peruvians, 532. _Fire Tower_, the, of Brechin, 199. _Firmicius_ (Julius), says the Devil has his Christs, 183. _Fish_, the, a symbol of Christ Jesus, 355; meaning of, 504. _Fleur de Lis_, or Lotus, a sacred plant, 329. _Flood_, the, Hebrew legend of, 19; parallels to, 22-27. _Flower_, Jesus called a, 487. _Fo-hi_, of China, born of a Virgin, 119. _Forty_, a sacred number, 179. _Fraud_, practiced by the early Christians, 434. _Frey_, the deity of the Sun, 488; killed at the time of the winter solstice, 488. _Freyga_, the goddess, of the Scandinavians, transformed into the Virgin Mary, 399; a personification of the earth, 479. _Friday_, fish day, why, 354. _Frigga_ (see Freyga). _Fuh-he_, Chinese sage, 119; considered divine, 119. _Future Life_, the doctrine of, taught by nearly all nations of antiquity, 388. G. _Gabriel_, the angel, salutes the Virgin Mary, 111. _Galaxy_, the, souls dwell in, 45. _Galilee_, Jesus a native of, 520; the insurgent district of the country, 520; the Messiahs all started out from, 521. _Galli_, the, now sung in Christian churches, was once sung by the priests of Cybele, 333. _Ganesa_, the Indian God of Wisdom, 117. _Ganges_, the, a sacred river, 318. _Garden_, the, of Eden, 2; of the Hesperides, 11; identical, 11; hardly alluded to outside of Genesis, 99. _Gaul_, the worship of the Virgo-Paritura in, 334. _Gautama_, a name of Buddha, 297. _Geetas_, the, antiquity of, 451. _Genealogy_, the, of Jesus, 160; of Crishna, 163; of Buddha, 163; of Rama, 163; of Fo-hi, 163; of Confucius, 163; of Horus, 163; of Hercules, 163; of Bacchus, 164. _Genesis_, two contradictory accounts of the Creation in, 2. _Gentiles_, the, religion of, adopted by Christians, 384; celebrate the birth of god Sol on December 25th, 363. _Germans_, the ancient, worshiped a Virgin-goddess under the name of Hertha, 334, 477. _Germany_, the practice of baptism found in, by Boniface, 322. _Ghost_, the Holy, impregnates the Virgin Mary, 111; and the Virgin Maya, 117; is one with the Father and the Son, 368; is symbolized by the Dove among Heathen and Christian nations, 357. _Giants_, fossil remains of animals supposed to have been those of, 19; the Rakshasas of the Hindoos the origin of all, 19. _Glacial period_, the, 24. _Gnostic_, the, heresy, 135. _Gnostics_, the, maintained that Jesus was a mere man, 135; the Essenes the same as, 422; their doctrine, 511. _God_, a, believed in by nearly all nations of antiquity, 384. _Godhead_, the, a belief in the Trinitarian nature of, before the Christian era, 368. _God of Israel_, the, same as the Gentiles, 87-88. _Gods_, the, created the heaven and earth, 4, _note_ 1; descended from heaven and were made incarnate in men, 112. _God's first-born_, applied to Heathen Virgin-born gods, 195. _God the Father_, the, of all nations, a personification of the sky, 478. _Golden Age_, the, of the past, believed in by all nations of antiquity, 8-16. _Goliath_, killed by David, 90. _Good Friday_, the, "Agonie" at Rome on, same as the weeping for Adonis, 226. _Gospel_, the, of the Egyptians, 443. _Gospels_, the, were not written by the persons whose names they bear, 454; full of interpolations and errors, 454. _Greece_, the gods and goddesses of, personifications of natural objects, 467. _Greeks_, the ancient, boasted of their "Golden Age," 10; had a tradition of the "Islands of the Blessed," and the "Garden of the Hesperides," 11; had records of a Deluge, 26; considered that the births of great men were announced by celestial signs, 207; had the rite of baptism, 320; worshiped the virgin mother, and child, 342; adored the cross, 344; celebrated the birth of their gods on December 25th, 364; worshiped a trinity, 374. "_Grove_," the, of the Old Testament, is the "Ashera" of the Pagans, 47. _Gruter_ (inscriptions of), 397. _Gymnosophists_, the, and the Essenes, the same, 423. H. _Hair_, long, attributes of the sun, 71; worn by all sun-gods, 71, 72. _Hâu-Ki_, Chinese sage, of supernatural origin, 120. _Heathen_, the, the religion of, same as Christian, 384. _Heaven_, all nations believed in a, 389; is born of the sky, 391, 559. _Heavenly host_, the, sang praises at the birth of Jesus, 146; parallels to, 146-149. _Hebrew people_, the, history of, commences with the Exodus, 52-55. _Hebrews_, the gospel of the, 455. _Hell_, Christ Jesus descended into, 211; Crishna descended into, 213; Zoroaster descended into, 213; Osiris, Horus, Adonis, Bacchus, Hercules, Mercury, all descended into, 213; built by priests, 391. _Hercules_, compared with Samson, 66-72; a personification of the Sun, 73, 485; all nations had their, 76; was the son of Jupiter, 124; was exposed when an infant, 170; was called the "Saviour," 193; the "Only begotten," 193; is put to death, 485; is comforted by Iole, 493. _Heretics_, the first, 134; denied the crucifixion of "the Christ," 511; denied that "the Christ" ever came in the flesh, 512. _Heri_, means "Saviour," 112; Crishna so called, 112. _Hermes_, or Mercury, the son of Jupiter and a mortal mother, 125; is born in a cave, 156; was called the "Saviour," 195; the "Logos" and "Messenger of God," 195. _Herod_, orders all the children in Bethlehem to be slain, 166; the Hindoo parallel to, 166-167; a personification of Night, 481. _Herodotus_, speaks of Hercules, 69; speaks of circumcision, 86; relates a wonderful miracle, 261. _Hesione_, rescued from the sea monster, 78. _Hesperides_, the apples of, the tree of knowledge, 11-12. _Hieroglyphics_, the Mexican, describe the crucifixion of Quetzalcoatle, 199. _Hilkiah_, claimed to have found the "Book of the Law," 94. _Himalayas_, the, the Hindoo ark rested on, 27. _Hindoos_, the, had no legend of the creation similar to the Hebrew, 13; believe Mount Meru to have been the Paradise, 13; had a legend of the Deluge, 24; had a legend of the "Confusion of Tongues," 35; had their Samson or Strong Man, 73; worshiped a virgin-born god, 113; adored a trinity, 371; have believed in a soul from time immemorial, 388. _Historical_ theory, the, succeeded by the allegorical, 466. _Histories_, the, of the gods are fabulous, 466. _Holy Ghost_, the, impregnates the Virgin Mary, 111; and the Virgin Maya, 117; is one with the Father and the Son, 368; is symbolized by the dove among Heathen nations, 357. _Holy One_, the, of the Chinese, 190. _Holy Trinity_, the, of the Christians, the same as that of the Pagans, 370. _Homa_, or Haoma, a god of the Hindoos, called the "Benefactor of the World," 306. _Horus_, the Egyptian Saviour, 122; born of the Virgin Isis, 122; is put to death, 190; descended into hell, 213; rose from the dead, 222; performed miracles, 256; raised the dead to life, 256; is represented as an infant on the lap of his virgin mother, 327; is born on December 25th, 363; a personification of the sun, 476; crucified in the heavens, 484. _Hydaspus_, the river, divided by Bacchus, 51. _Hypatia_, put to death by a Christian mob, 440. I. _Iamos_, left to die among the bushes and violets, 170; received from Zeus the gift of prophecy, 171. _Iao_, a name sacred in Egypt, 49; probably the same as Jehovah, 49; the crucified, 484. _Ida_, the earth, 481. _Idolatry_, practiced by the Hebrews, 107; adopted by the Christians, 384. _Idols_, the worship of, among Christians, 397. _I. H. S._, formerly a monogram of the god Bacchus, and now the monogram of Christ Jesus, 351. _Images_, the worship of, among Christians, 397. _Immaculate Conception_, the, of Jesus, 111; Crishna, 113; Buddha, 115; Codom, 118; Fo-hi, 119; and others, 119-130. _Immortality of the Soul_, the, believed in by all nations of antiquity, 385. _Incas_, the, of Peru, married their own sisters, 537. _India_, a virgin-born god worshiped in, 113; the story of Herod and the infants of Bethlehem from, 166; the crucified god in, 186; the Trinity in, 370; our religion and nursery tales from, 544. _Indians_, the, no strangers to the doctrine of original sin, 189; they believe man to be a fallen being, 189. _Indra_, worshiped as a crucified god in Nepaul, 187; his festival days in August, 187; is identical with Crishna, 484; a personification of the sun, 484. _Infant Baptism_, practiced by the Persians, 318; by the Etruscans, 320; by the Greeks and Romans, 321; by the Scandinavians, 321; by the New Zealanders, 322; by the Mexicans, 322; by the Christians, 323; all identical, 323. _Innocents_, the, slain at the time of birth of Jesus, 165; at the birth of Crishna, 166; at the birth of Abraham, 169. _Inscriptions_, formerly in Pagan temples, and inscriptions in Christian churches compared, 397. _Incense_, burned before idols or images in Pagan temples, 406. _Iona_, or Yoni, an emblem of the female generative powers, 199. _Iönah_, or Juno, suspended in space, 486. _Irenæus_, the fourth gospel not known until the time of, 458; reasons given by, for there being four gospels, 458. _Iroquois_, the, worshiped a god-man called Tarengawagan, 131. _Isaac_, offered as a sacrifice by Abraham, 38; parallels to, 39-41. _Isis_, mother of Horus, 122; a virgin mother, 327; represented on Egyptian monuments with an infant in her arms, 327; she is styled "Our Lady," "Queen of Heaven," "Mother of God," &c., 327. _Islands of the Blessed_, 11; meaning of, 101, 559, 560. _Islands of the Sea_, Western countries called the, by the Hebrews, 103. _Israel_, the religion of, same as the Heathen, 107, 108. _Italy_, effigies of a black crucified man, in, 197; the cross adored in, before Christian era, 345. _Ixion_, bound on the wheel, is the crucified Sun, 484. _Izdubar_, the Lion-killer of the Babylonians, 74; the foundation for the Samson and the Hercules myths, 105; the cuneiform inscriptions speak of, 105. J. _Jacob_, his vision of the ladder, 42; explained, 42, 104. _Janus_, the keys of, transferred to Peter, 399. _Japanese_, the American race descended from the same stock as the, 538. _Jason_, a dangerous child, 171; brought up by Cheiron, 171; the same name as Jesus, 196. _Jehovah_, the name, esteemed sacred among the Egyptians, 48; the same as Y-ha-ho, 48; well known to the Heathens, 49. _Jehovistic writer_, the, of the Pentateuch, 93. _Jemshid_, devoured by a great monster, 18. _Jerusalem_, Jews taken at the Ebionite sack of, were sold to the Grecians, 103. _Jesuits_, the, in China, appalled at finding, in that country, a counterpart to the Virgin of Judea, 119. _Jesus_, not born of a Virgin according to the Ebionites or Nazarenes, 134; the day, month or year of his birth not known, 359; was an historical personage, 506; no clearly defined traces of, in history, 517; his person indistinct, 517; assumed the character of "Messiah," 520; a native of Galilee, 520; a zealot, 522; is put to death by the Romans, 522; not crucified by the Jews, 524; the martyrdom of, has been gratefully acknowledged, 527; nothing original in the teachings of, 529. _Jews_, the, where their history begins, 54; driven out of Egypt, 52; worshiped Baal and Moloch, 108; their religion the same as other nations, 108; did not crucify Jesus, 524. _John_, the same name as Jonah, 83; the gospel according to, 457; Irenæus the author of, 458. _John the Baptist_, his birth-day is on the day of the Summer Solstice, 499. _Jonah_, swallowed by a big fish, 77; parallels to, 78, 79; the meaning of, 79; the Sun called, 80; identified with Dagon and Oannes, 82, 83; the same as John, 84; the myth of, explained, 105. _Jordan_, the river, considered sacred, 318. _Josephus_, does not speak of Jesus, 564. _Joshua_, arrests the course of the Sun, 91; parallel to, 91. _Jove_, the Sons of, numerous, 125; the Supreme God, 125. _Judea_, the Virgin of, 111; a counterpart to, found by the first Christian missionaries in China, 119. _Judaism_, its doctrine and precepts, by I. M. Wise, referred to, 527. _Judge of the Dead_, Jesus, 244; Sons of God, 244; Buddha, 244; Crishna, 245; Osiris, 245; Aeacus, 245; no examples of Jesus as, in early Christian art, 246. _Julius Cæsar_ (see Cæsar). _Juno_, the "Queen of Heaven," 333; was represented standing on the crescent moon, 333; considered the protectress of woman, 333; often represented with a dove on her head, 357; suspended in space, 486. _Jupiter_, the Supreme God of the Pagans, 125; a statue of, in St. Peter's, Rome, 397. _Justin Martyr_, on the work of the Devil, 124, 265. K. _Kadmus_, king of Thebes, 124. _Kaffirs_, the, practice circumcision, 86. _Kama_, attempts the life of Crishna, 166; is a personification of Night, 481. _Ke-lin_, the, appeared at the birth of Confucius, 121. _Key_, the, which unlocks the door to the mystery, 441. _Knichahan_, the Supreme God of the Mayas of Yucatan, 130. _Kings_, the, of Egypt considered divine, 122. _Kronos_, the myth of, explained, 559. _Kung-foo-tsze_ (see Confucius). L. _Labarum_, the, of Constantine, inscribed with the monogram of Osiris, 350. _Ladder_, the, of Jacob, 42; explained, 42-47. _Lama_, the, of Thibet, considered divine, 118; the high priest of the Tartars, 118; the Pope of Buddhism, 118. _Lamb_, the, of God, a personification of the Sun, 492. _Lamb_, the oldest representation of Christ Jesus was the figure of a, 202, 503. _Lamps_, feast of, 392. _Lanthu_, born of a pure spotless Virgin, 248; the creator of the world, 248. _Lao-Kiun_, born of a Virgin, 120; believed in one God, 120; formed the Tao-tsze, or sect of reason, 120. _Lao-tse_ (see Lao-Kiun). _Latona_, the mother of Apollo, 125. _Law-giver_, Moses a, 59; Bacchus a, 59; Zoroaster a, 59; Minos a, 60; Thoth a, 60; Lycurgus a, 61; Apollo a, 61. _Lazarus_, raised from the grave, 273. _Leto_, a personification of darkness, 477. _Libations_, common among all nations of antiquity, 317. _Library_, the, of Alexandria, 438. _Lights_, are kept burning before images in Pagan temples, 406. _Lily_, the, or Lotus, sacred among all Eastern nations, 529; put into the hands of all "Virgin Mothers," 329. _Linga_, the, and Yoni, adored by the Jews, 47; the symbol under which the sun was worshiped, 47, 496. _Logos_, the, an Egyptian feature, 373; Apollo called, 373; Marduk of the Assyrians, called, 374; the, of Philo, 374; the, of John, 374; identical, 374. _Loretto_, the Virgin of, 338; black as an Ethiopian, 338. _Lotus_, the, or Lily, sacred among all Eastern nations, 329. _Luke_, the Gospel "according" to, 456. _Lycophron_, says that Hercules was three nights in the belly of a fish, 78. M. _Madonna_, the, and child, worshiped by all nations of Antiquity, 326. _Magi_, the religion of, adopted by the Jews, 109. _Magic_, Jesus learned, in Egypt, 272. _Magician_, Jesus accused of being a, 273. _Mahabharata_, the, quotations from, 415-417. _Mahomet_, the miracles of, 269. _Maia_, the mother of Mercury, 125; the same name as Mary, 332. _Man_, the Fall of, 4; parallels to, 4-16; the antiquity of, 29. _Manco_ Capac, a god of the Peruvians, 130. _Manes_, believed himself to be the "Christ," 429; the word, has the meaning of "Comforter" or "Saviour," 429. _Manetho_, an Egyptian priest, gives an account of the sojourn of the Israelites in Egypt, 53. _Manicheans_, the, transferred pure souls to the Galaxy, 45; their doctrine of the divinity of Christ Jesus, 511. _Manu_, quotations from, 415. _March_ 25th, the primitive Easter solemnized on, 225, 495; celebrated throughout the ancient world in honor of the "Mother of God," 335; appointed to the honor of the Christian Virgin, 335. _Maria_, the name, same as Mary, 332. _Mark_, the Gospel according to, 456. _Matangi girl_, the, and Ananda, the disciple of Buddha, 294. _Martianus Capella_, his ode to the Sun, 507. _Martyr_ (Justin), compares Christianity with Paganism, 124. _Mary_, the mother of Jesus, 111; same name as Maya, Maria, &c., 332; called the "Mother of God," 398. _Masons' Marks_, conspicuous among Christian symbols, 358. _Mass_, the, of Good Friday, of Pagan origin, 226. _Mastodon_, the remains of, found in America, 19. _Mathura_, the birth-place of Crishna, 113. _Matthew_, the "Gospel according to," 455. _May_, the month of, dedicated to the Heathen Virgin Mothers, 335; is now the month of Mary, 335. _Maya_, the same name as Mary, 332. _Mayus_, the, of Yucatan, worship a Virgin-born god, 130. _May-pole_, the, of moderns, is the "Ashera" of the ancients, 47; an emblem of the male organ of generation, 47; the Linga of the Hindoos, 47. _Mecca_, the Mohammedans' Jerusalem, 296. _Mediator_, the title of, applied to Virgin-born gods before the time of Jesus, 195. _Melchizedek_, the Kenite King of Righteousness, brought out _bread_ and _wine_ as a sign or symbol of worship, 307. _Menander_, called the "Wonder Worker," performed miracles, 266; believed himself to be the Christ, 429. _Mendicants_, among the Buddhists in China, 400-403. _Menes_, the first king of Egypt, 122; considered divine, 122. _Menu_, Satyavrata the Seventh, 25. _Mercury_, the Son of Jupiter and a mortal mother, 125; called "God's Messenger," 195. _Meru_ (Mount), the Hindoo Paradise, out of which went four rivers, 13. _Messiahs_, many, before the time of Jesus, 196, 519, 521, 522. _Metempsychosis_, or transmigration of souls, 42; the doctrine taught by all the Heathen nations of antiquity, 43; by the Jews and Christians, 43. _Mexicans_, the, had their semi-fish gods, 83; practiced circumcision, 86; compared with the inhabitants of the old world, 533. _Mexico_, the architecture of, compared with that of the old world, 538. _Michabou_, a god of the Algonquins, 131. _Michael_, the angel, the story of, borrowed from Chaldean sources, 109; fought with his angels against the dragon, 386. _Miletus_, the crucified god of, 191. _Millennium_, doctrine of the, 239. _Minos_, the Lawgiver of the Cretans, 60; receives the Laws from Zeus, 60. _Minutius Felix_, on the crucified man, 197. _Miracles_, the, of Jesus, 252; of Crishna, 253; of Buddha, 254, 255; of Zoroaster, 256; Bochia, 256; Horus, 256; Osiris, 256; Serapis, 257; Marduk, 257; Bacchus, 257; Æsculapius, 257; Apollonius, 261; Simon Magus, 264; Menander, 266; Vespasian, 268. _Miraculous Conception_, the, of, Jesus, 111; parallels to, 112-131. _Mithras_, a "Mediator between God and Man," 194; called the "Saviour," and the "Logos," 194; is put to death, and rises again to life, 223; a personification of the Sun, 507. _Mohammed_ (see Mahomet). _Molech_, the god, worshiped by the Heathen nations, and the children of Israel, 108. _Monad_, a, in the Egyptian Trinity, 373. _Monasteries_, among Heathen nations, 400. _Monasticism_, a vast and powerful institution in Buddhist countries, 403. _Monks_, were common among Heathen nations before the Christian era, 400-404. _Montanus_, believed himself an Angel-Messiah, 428. _Months_, the twelve, compared with the Apostles, 500. _Moon_, the, was personified among ancient nations, and called the "Queen of Heaven," 478. _Moral Sentiments_, the, of the New Testament, compared with those from Heathen Bibles, 415. _Mosaic_ history, the so-called, a myth, 17. _Moses_, divides the Red Sea, 50; is thrown into the Nile, 89. _Mother_, the, of God, worshiped among the ancients, 326. _Mother Night_, the 24th of December called, 365. _Mother of the Gods_, the, Aditi called, 475. _Mount Meru_, the Hindoo paradise on, 13. _Mummy_, a cross on the breast of an Egyptian, in the British Museum, 341. _Muscovites_, the, worshiped a virgin and child, 333; worshiped a Trinity, 378. _Mylitta_, the goddess, worshiped by the Hebrews, 108. _Myrrha_, the mother of Bacchus, 332; same as Mary, 332. _Myth_, a, the theology of Christendom built upon, 17. _Mythology_, all religions founded upon, 563. _Mythos_, the universal, 505. N. _Nganu_, the Africans of Lake, had a similar story to the "Confusion of Tongues," 36. _Nakshatias_, the, of the Indian Zodiac, are regarded as deities, 142. _Nanda_, the foster-father of Crishna, 158. _Nared_, a great prophet and astrologer, 143; pointed out Crishna's stars, 143. _Nazarenes_, the, saw in Jesus nothing more than a mere man, 135. _Nebuchadnezzar_, repaired the tower of Babel, 85. _Necromancer_, Jesus represented as a, 273. _Nehush-tan_, the Sun worshiped under the name of, 491. _Neith_, the mother of Osiris, 364; called the "Holy Virgin," 364; the "Mother of the Gods," and "Mother of the Sun," 476; a personification of the dawn, 476. _Nepaul_, the crucified God found in, 187. _Nicaragua_, the inhabitants of, called their principal God Thomathoyo, 130. _Nice_, the Council of, 381; anathematized those who say that there was a time when the Son of God was not, 381. _Nile_, the temples on the north bank of the river dedicated to the kings of Egypt, 122; a sacred river, 318. _Nimrod_, built the tower of Babel, 34. _Ninevah_, Jonah goes to, 81; cylinders discovered on the site of, contained the legend of the flood, 101. _Niparaga_, the Supreme Creator of the Endes of California, 131. _Nisan_, the angel, borrowed from the Chaldeans, 109. _Noah_, the ark of, 119. _Noel_, Christmas in French called, 365. _Nut_, a personification of Heaven, 477. _Nutar Nutra_, the, of the Egyptians, corresponds to the Hebrew El-Shaddai, 49. O. _Oannes_, Chaldean fish-god, 82; the same as Jonah, 83. _Odin_, the Supreme God of the Scandinavians, 479; a personification of the Heavens, 479. _OEdipus_, the history of, resembles that of Samson and Hercules, 72; tears out his eyes, 72; is a dangerous child, 170; cheered in his last hours by Antigone, 493; a personification of the Sun, 493. _Offerings_ (Votive) made to the Heathen deities, 259. _Olympus_, the, of the Pagans, restored, 398. _O. M._, or _A. U. M._, a sacred name among the Hindoos, 372; an emblem of the Trinity, 352. _Omphale_, the amours of Hercules with, 71. _One_, the myths of the crucified gods melt into, 492. _One God_, worshiped by the ancestors of our race, 384. _Only Begotten Son_, common before the Christian era, 193. _Oort, Prof._, on the sacred laws of ancient nations, 61. _Ophites_, the, worshiped serpents as emblems of Christ, 355. _Orders_, religious among all nations of antiquity, 400-404. _Origen_, declared the story of creation and fall of man to be allegorical, 100. _Original_ Sin, the doctrine of, of great antiquity, 184; the Indians no strangers to, 189. _Ormuzd_, the Supreme God of the Persians, 7; divided the work of creation into six parts, 7. _Orontes_, the river, divided by Bacchus, 81. _Osiris_, confined in a chest and thrown into the Nile, 90; a Virgin-born God, 190; suffers death, 190; rose from the dead, 222; the judge of the dead, 245; performed miracles, 256; the worship of, of great antiquity, 452; a personification of the Sun, 484. _Oude_, the crucified God Bal-li worshiped at, 188. _Ovid_, describes the doctrine of Metempsychosis, 43. P. _Pagan Religion_, the, adopted by the Christians, 384; was typical of Christianity, 501. _Pan_, had a flute of seven pipes, 81. _Pandora_, the first woman, in Grecian mythology, 10. _Pantheon_, the, a niche always ready in, of the ancients, for a new divinity, 123. _Paraclete_, Simon Magus claimed to be the, 164. _Paradise_, all nations believed in a, 389, 390. _Parsees_, the, direct descendants of the Persians, 25; say that man was once destroyed by a deluge, 25. _Parnassus_, Mount, the ark of Deucalion rested on, 26. _Parthenon_, the, at Athens, sacred to Minerva, 333. _Passover_, the, celebrated by the Jews on the same day that the Heathens celebrated the resurrections of their Gods, 226; the Jews used eggs in the feast of, 228. _Patriarchs_, the, all stories of, unhistorical, 54. _Paul, St._, a minister of the Gospel which had been preached to every creature under heaven, 514. _Pentateuch_, the, never ascribed to Moses in the inscriptions of Hebrew manuscripts, 92; ascribed to Moses after the Babylonian captivity, 92; origin of, 93, 96. _Perictione_, a Virgin mother, 127. _Perseus_, shut up in a chest, and cast into the sea, 89; the son of Jupiter by the Virgin Danae, 124; a temple erected to him in Athens, 124; a dangerous child, 169. _Persia_, pre-Christian crosses found in, 343, 344. _Persians_, the, denominate the first man Adama, 7; had a legend of creation corresponding with the Hebrew, 8; had a legend of the war in heaven, 387. _Peru_, crosses found in, 349; worship of a Trinity found in, 378. _Peruvians_, the, adored the cross, 349; worshiped a Trinity, 378. _Peter, St._, has the keys of Janus, 399. _Phallic tree_, the, is introduced into the narrative in Genesis, 47. _Phallic worship_, the story of Jacob setting up a pillar alludes to, 46; practiced by the nations of antiquity, 46, 47. _Phallic Emblems_, in Christian churches, 358. _Phallus_, the, a "Hermes," set up on the road-side, was the symbol of, 46. _Pamphylian Sea_, the, divided by Alexander, 55. _Pharaoh_, his dreams, 88; parallel to, 89. _Phenician deity_, the principal, was El, 484. _Philo_, considered the fictions of Genesis allegories, 100; says nothing about Jesus, or the Christians, 564. _Philosophers_, the, of ancient Greece, called Christians, 409. _Philosophy_, the Christian religion called a, 567. _Phoedrus_, the river, dried up by Isis, 55. _Phoenicians_, the, offered the fairest of their children to the gods, 41. _Phoenix_, the, lived 600 years, 426. _Phrygians_, the, worshiped the god Atys, 190. _Pilate_, pillaged the temple treasury, 521; crucified Jesus, 526. _Pillars_ of Hercules, the, 79. _Pious Frauds_, 231. _Pisces_, the sign of, applied to Christ Jesus, 355-504. _Plato_, believed to have been the son of a pure virgin, 127. _Platonists_, the, believed in a Trinity, 375. _Pole, or Pillar_, a, worshiped by the ancients, 46, 47. _Polynesian Mythology_, in, a fish is emblematic of the earth, 80. _Pontius Pilate_ (see Pilate). _Poo-ta-la_, the name of a Buddhist monastery found in China, 401. _Pope_, the, thrusts out his foot to be kissed as the Roman Emperors were in the habit of doing, 400. _Portuguese_, the, call the mountain in Ceylon, Pico d' Adama, 13. _Porus_, the troops of, carried on their standards the figure of a man, 198. _Prayers_, for the dead, made by Buddhist priests, 401. _Priests_, the Buddhist, have fasting, prayers for the dead, holy water, rosaries of beads, the worship of relics, and a monastic habit resembling the Franciscans, 401. _Priestesses_, among the ancients, similar to the modern nuns, 403, 404. _Primeval male_, the, offered himself a sacrifice for the gods, 181. _Prithivi_, the Earth worshiped under the name of, by the Hindoos, 477. _Prometheus_, a deity who united the divine and human nature in one person, 124; a crucified Saviour, 192; an earthquake happened at the time of the death of, 207; the story of the crucifixion of, allegorical, 484; a title of the Sun, 484. _Prophet_, the, of the Beatitudes, does but repeat the words of others, 526. _Protogenia_, mother of Aethlius, 125. _Ptolemy_ (Soter), believed to have been of divine origin, 127. _Puranas_, the, 451. _Purgatory_, the doctrine of, of pre-Christian origin, 389. _Purim_, the feast of, 44; the book of Esther written for the purpose of describing, 44. _Pyrrha_, the wife of Deucalion, 26; was saved from the Deluge by entering an ark with her husband, 26. _Pythagoras_, taught that souls dwelt in the Galaxy, 45; had divine honors paid to him, 128; his mother impregnated through a spectre, 128. Q. _Quetzalcoatle_, the Virgin-born Saviour, 129; was tempted and fasted, 178; was crucified, 199; rose from the dead, 225; will come again, 239; is a personification of the Sun, 489. _Queen of Heaven_, the, was worshiped by all nations of antiquity before the Christian era, 326-336. _Quirinius_, a name of Romulus, 126; educated among shepherds, 208; torn to pieces at his death, 208; ascended into heaven, 208; the Sun darkened at his death, 208. R. _Râ_, the Egyptian God, born from the side of his mother, 122. _Raam-ses_, king of Egypt, 123; means "Son of the Sun," 123. _Rabbis_, the, taught the allegorical interpretation of Scripture, 100; performed miracles, 267; taught the mystery of the Trinity, 376. _Rakshasas_, the, of our Aryan ancestors, the originals of all giants, ogres or demons, 19; are personifications of the dark clouds, 19; fought desperate battles with Indrea, and his spirits of light, 387. _Ram_ or _Lamb_, the, used as a symbol of Christ Jesus, 202; a symbol of the Sun, 503, 504. _Rama_, an incarnation of Vishnu, 143; a star at his birth, 143; is hailed by aged saints, 152. _Rayme_, a Mexican festival held in the month of, answering to our Christmas celebration, 366. _Rays_ of glory, surround the heads of all the Gods, 505. _Real Presence_, the, in the Eucharist, borrowed from Paganism, 305-312. _Red Riding-Hood_, the story of, explained, 80. _Red Sea_, the, divided by Moses, 50; divided by Bacchus, 51. _Religion_, the, of Paganism, compared with Christianity, 384. _Religions_, the, of all nations, formerly a worship of the sun, moon, stars and elements, 544. _Resurrection_, the, of Jesus, 215; parallels to, 216, 226. _Rhea-Sylvia_, the Virgin mother of Romulus, 126. _Rivers_, divided by the command of Bacchus, 51. _Rivers_ (sacred), 318. _Romans_, the, deified their emperors, 125. _Rome_, the Pantheon of, dedicated to "Jove and all the Gods," and reconsecrated to "the Mother of God and all the Saints," 396. _Romulus_, son of the Virgin Rhea-Sylvia, 126; called Quirinius, 126; a dangerous child, 172; put to death, 308; the sun darkened at time of his death, 208. _Rosary_, the Buddhist priests count their prayers with a, 401; found on an ancient medal of the Phenicians, 504. _Rose_, the, of Sharon, Jesus called, 487. _Rosicrucians_, the, jewel of, a crucified rose, 487. _Ruffinus_, the "Apostles' creed" first known in the days of, 385. _Russia_, adherents of the old religion of, persecuted, 444. S. _Sabbath_, the, kept holy by the ancients, 392, 393. _Sacrament_, the, of the Lord's Supper instituted many centuries before the Christian era, 305-312. _Sacred Books_, among heathen nations, 61. _Sacred Heart_, the, a great mystery among the ancients, 404. _Sacrifices_, or offerings to the Gods, at one time, almost universal, 40, 41; human, for atonement, was general, 182. _Saints_, the, of the Christians, are Pagan Gods worshiped under other names, 398, 399. _Sais_, the "Feast of Lamps," held at, 392. _Saktideva_, swallowed by a fish and came out unhurt, 77. _Sakya-Muni_, a name of Buddha, 300. _Salivahana_, the ancient inhabitants of Cape Comorin worshiped a Virgin-born Saviour called, 118, 119. _Salvation_, from the death of another, of great antiquity, 181; by faith, existed among the Hindoos, 184. _Sammael_, the proper name of Satan according to the Talmud, 386. _Samothracian_ mysteries, in the Heaven and Earth were worshiped, 479. _Samson_, his exploits, 62-66; compared with Hercules, 60-70; a solar god, 71-73. _Satan_, the proper name of, is Sammael, 386; a personification of storm-clouds and darkness, 482. _Saturday_, or the seventh day, kept holy by the ancients, 393. _Saturn_, worshiped by the ancients, 393. _Saturnalia_, the, of the ancient Romans, 365. _Satyavrata_, saved from the deluge in an ark, according to the Hindoo legend, 24,25. _Scandinavians_, the, worshiped a "Beneficent Saviour," called Baldur, 129; the heaven of, described, 390; consecrated one day in the week to Odin, 393; worshiped Frey, the deity of the Sun, 489. _Scriptures_, the, of the Essenes, the ground work of the gospels, 443-460. _Seb_, a personification of the Earth, 477. _Second Coming_, the, of Jesus, 233; of Vishnu, 236; of Buddha, 237; of Bacchus, 238; of Kalewipoeg, 238; of Arthur, 238; of Quetzalcoatle, 239. _Seed of the Woman_, the, bruised the head of the Serpent, according to the mythology of all nations, 482. _Semele_, the mother of Bacchus, 124 _Semi-ramis_, the Supreme Dove crucified, 486. _Senators_, the Cardinals of Roman Christianity wear the robes once worn by Romans, 400. _Serapis_, the god, worshiped in Alexandria in Egypt, 342; a cross found in the temple of, 342. _Serpent_, the, seduced the first woman, 3; in Eden, an Aryan story, 99; an emblem of Christ Jesus, 355; Moses set up, as an object of worship, 355; worshiped by the Christians, 355; symbolized the Sun, 490; called the Word, or Divine Wisdom, 490. _Seven_, the number, sacred among all nations of antiquity, 31. _Seventh-day_, the, kept sacred by the ancients, 392, 393. _Seventy-two_, Confucius had, disciples, 121. "_Shams-on_," the Sun in Arabic, 73. _Sharon_, the Rose of, Jesus called, 486. _Shepherds_, the infant Jesus worshiped by, 150. _Shoo-king_, the, a sacred book of the Chinese, 25; speaks of the deluge, 25. _Siamese_, the, had a virgin-born god, 118. _Simon Magus_, believed to be a god, 129; his picture placed among the gods in Rome, 129; professed to be the "Word of God," the "Paraclete," or "Comforter," 164; performed great miracles, 125. _Sin-Bearer_, the, Bacchus called, 193. _Sin, Original_, the doctrine of, believed in by Heathen nations, 181, 184. _Siva_, the third god in the Hindoo Trinity, 369; the Hindoos held a festival in honor of, 392. _Skylla delivers_ Nisos into the power of his enemies, 72; a Solar Myth, 72. _Slaughter_, the, of the innocents at the time of Jesus, 165; parallels to, 166-172. _Sochiquetzal_, mother of Quetzalcoatle, 129; a Virgin Mother, 129; called the "Queen of Heaven," 129. _Socrates_, visited at his birth by Wise Men, and presented with gifts, 152. _Sol_, crucified in the heavens, 484. _Soma_, a god of the Hindoos, 306; gave his body and blood to man, 306. _Sommona Codom_ (see Codom). _Son of a Star_ (see Bar-Cochba). _Son of God_, the Heathen worshiped a mediating deity who had the title of, 111-129. _Son of the Sun_, the name Raam-ses means, 123. "_Sons of Heaven_," the virgin-born men of China called, 122. _Song_, the, of the Heavenly Host, 147; parallels to, 148-150. _Soul_, the, immortality of, believed in by nations of antiquity, 385. _Sosiosh_, the virgin-born Messiah, 146; yet to come, 146. _Space_, crucifixion in, 488. _Spanish monks_, the first, who went to Mexico were surprised to find the crucifix there, 199. _Spirit_, the Hebrew word for, of feminine gender, 134. _Standards_, the, of the ancient Romans, wore crosses gilt and beautiful, 345. _Star_, the, of Bethlehem, 140; parallels to, 142-145. _Staurobates_, the King by whom Semiramis was overpowered, 486. _Stone pillars_, set up by the Hebrews were emblems of the Phallus, 46. "_Strong Rama_," the, of the Hindoos, a counterpart of Samson, 73. _Suddho-dana_, the dreams of, compared with Pharaoh's two dreams, 88. _Sun_, the, nearly all the Pagan deities were personifications of, 467; Christ Jesus said to have been born on the birth-day of, 473; Christ Jesus a personification of, 500; universally worshiped, 507. _Sun-day_, a pagan holiday adopted by the Christians, 394-396. _Sun-gods_, Samson and Hercules are, 71-73. _Sun-myth_, the, added to the histories of Jesus of Nazareth, Buddha, Cyrus, Alexandria and others, 506. _Sweden_, the famous temple at Upsal in, dedicated to a triune deity, 377. _Symbolical_, the history of the gods, 466. _Synoptic Gospels_, the discrepancies between the fourth and the, numerous, 457. T. _Tacitus_, the allusion to Jesus in, a forgery, 566-568. _Tables of Stone_, the, of Moses, 58; of Bacchus, 59. _Talmud_, the books containing Jewish tradition, 95; in the, Jesus is called the "hanged one," 516. _Tammuz_, the Saviour, after being put to death, rose from the dead, 217; worshiped in the temple of the Lord at Jerusalem, 222. _Tanga-tanga_, the "Three in One, and One in Three," or the Trinity of the ancient Peruvians, 378. _Tao_, the "one god" supreme, worshiped by Lao-Kiun, the Chinese sage, 120. _Tao-tse_, the, or "Sect of Reason," formed by Lao-Kiun, 120. _Tau_, the cross, worshiped by the Egyptians, 341. _Temples_, all the oldest were in caves, 286. _Temptation_, the, of Jesus, 175; of Buddha, 176; of Zoroaster, 177; of Quetzalcoatle, 177; meaning of, 482. _Temples_, Pagan, changed into Christian churches, 396, 397. _Ten Commandments_, the, of Moses, 59; of Buddha, 59. _Ten_, the, Zodiac gods of the Chaldeans, 102. _Tenth_, the, Xisuthrus, King of the Chaldeans, 23; Noah, patriarch, 23. _Tezcatlipoca_, the Supreme God of the Mexicans, 60. _Testament_, the New, written many years later than generally supposed, 454. _Therapeutæ_, the, and Essenes the same, 423. _Thor_, a Scandinavian god, 75; considered the "Defender" and "Avenger," 75; the Hercules of the Northern nations, 76; the Sun personified, 76; compared with David, 90, 91; the son of Odin, 129. _Thoth_, the deity itself, speaks and reveals to his elect among men the will of God, 60. _Thibet_, the religion of, similar to Christianity, 400. _Three_, a sacred number among all nations of antiquity, 368-378. _Thursday_, sacred to the Scandinavian god, Thor, 32. _Tibet_, the religion of, similar to Roman Christianity, 400. _Tien_, the name of the Supreme Power among the Chinese, 476. _Titans_, the, struggled against Jupiter, 388. _Tombs_, the, of persons who never lived in the flesh were to be seen at different places, 510. _Tower_, the, of Babel, 33; parallels to, 35-37; story of, borrowed from Chaldean sources, 102; nowhere alluded to outside of Genesis, 103. _Transmigration of Souls_, the, represented on Egyptian sculptures, 45; taught by all nations of antiquity, 42-45. _Transubstantiation_, the Heathen doctrine of, became a tenet of the Christian faith, 313, 314. _Tree_, the, of Knowledge, 2, 3; parallels to, 3-16; a Phallic tree, 101; Zoroaster hung upon the, 195. _Trefoil_, the, a sacred plant among the Druids of Britain, 353. _Trimurti_, the, of the Hindoos, 369; the same as the Christian Trinity, 369, 370. _Trinity_, the, doctrine of, the most mysterious of the Christian church, 368; adored by the Brahmins of India, 369; the inhabitants of China and Japan, 371; the Egyptians, 373; and many other nations of antiquity, 373-378; can be explained by allegory only, 561. _Twelve_, the number which applies to the twelve signs of the Zodiac, to be found in all religions of antiquity, 498. _Twins_, the Mexican Eve the mother of, 15. _Types_ of Christ Jesus, Crishna, Buddha, Bacchus, Hercules, Adonis, Osiris, Horus, &c., all of them were, 408; all the sun-gods of Paganism were, 500. _Typhon_, the destroying principle in the Egyptian Trinity, corresponding to the Siva of the Hindoos, 561. U. _Upright Emblem_, the, or the "Ashera," stood in the temple at Jerusalem, 47. _Uriel_, the angel, borrowed from Chaldean sources, 109. _Ushas_, the flame-red chariot of, compared to the fiery chariot of Elijah, 90. _Utsthala_, the island of, 78. V. _Valentine, St._, formerly the Scandinavian god Vila, 399. _Valhalla_, the Scandinavian Paradise, 390. _Vasudeva_, a name of Crishna, 114. _Vedas_, the, antiquity of, 450. _Vedic Poems_, the, show the origin and growth of Greek and Teutonic mythology, 468. _Venus_, the Dove was sacred to the goddess, 357. _Vernal equinox_, the, festivals held at the time of, by the nations of antiquity, 392. _Vespasian_, the Miracles of, 268, 269. _Vestal Virgins_, the, were bound by a solemn vow to preserve their chastity for a space of thirty years, 403. _Vicar_ of God on Earth, the Grand Lama of the Tartars considered to be the, 118. _Vila_, the god, of the Scandinavians, changed to St. Valentine, 399. _Virgin_, the worship of a, before the Christian era, 326. _Virgo_, the, of the Zodiac personified as a Virgin Mother. _Vishnu_, appeared as a fish, at the time of the Deluge, 25; the mediating or preserving God in the Hindoo Trinity, 369. _Votan_, of Guatemala, 130. _Votive_ offerings, given by the Heathen to their gods, and now practiced by the Christians, 258, 259. _Vows of Chastity_, taken by the males and females who entered Pagan monasteries, 402, 403. W. _War in Heaven_, the, believed in by the principal nations of antiquity, 368. _Wasi_, the priest and law-giver of the Cherokees, 130. _Water_, purification from sin by, a Pagan ceremony, 317-323. _Wednesday_, Woden's or Odin's day, 393. _Welsh_, the, as late as the seventeenth century, during eclipses, ran about beating kettles and pans, 536. _West_, the sun-gods die in the, 493. _Wisdom_, Ganesa the god of, 117. _Wise Men_, worshiped the infant Jesus, 150; worshiped the infant Crishna, 151; worshiped the infant Buddha, 151; and others, 151, 152. _Wittoba_, the god, crucified, 185. _Wodin_, or Odin, the supreme god of the Scandinavians, 393. _Wolf_, the, an emblem of the Destroying power, 80. _Word_, or Logos, the, of John's Gospel, of Pagan origin, 374. _World_, the, destroy by a deluge, whenever all the planets met in the sign of Capricorn, 103. X. _Xaca_, born of a Virgin, 119. _Xelhua_, one of the seven giants rescued from the flood, 37. _Xerxes_, the god of, is the _devil_ of to-day, 391; the Zend-avesta older than the inscriptions of, 452. _Xisuthrus_, the deluge happened in the days of, 22; was the tenth King of the Chaldeans, 23; had three sons, 23; was translated to heaven, 90. _X-P_, the, was formerly a monogram of the Egyptian Saviour Osiris, but now the monogram of Christ Jesus, 350. Y. _Yadu_, Vishnu became incarnate in the House of, 113. _Yao_, or Jao, a sacred name, 49. _Yan_-hwuy, the favorite disciples of Confucius, 121. _Yar_, the angel, borrowed from Chaldean sources, 109. _Yen-she_, the mother of Confucius, 121. _Y-ha-ho_, a name esteemed sacred among the Egyptians, 48; the same as Jehovah, 48. _Yezua_, the name Jesus is pronounced in Hebrew, 196. _Yoni_, the, attached to the head of the crucified Crishna, 185; symbolized nature, 496. _Yôsêr_, the term (Creator) first brought into use by the prophets of the Captivity, 99. _Yu_, a virgin-born Chinese sage, 120. _Yucatan_, the Mayas of, worshiped a virgin-born god, 130; crosses found in, 201. _Yule_, the old name for Christmas, 365. _Yumna_, the river, divided by Crishna, 57. Z. _Zama_, the only-begotten Son of the Supreme God, according to the Mayas of Yucatan, 130. _Zarathustra_ (see Zoroaster). _Zend-Avesta_, the sacred writings of the Parsees, 7; signifies the "Living Word," 59; older than the cuneiform inscriptions of Cyrus, 452. _Zephyrinus_, the truth corrupted by, 135. _Zeru-akerene_, the Supreme God of the Persians, 245. _Zerubabel_, supposed to be the Messiah, 432. _Zeupater_, the Dyaus-pitar of Asia, became the, of the Greeks, 477. _Zeus_, the Supreme God of the Greeks, 477; visited Danae in a golden shower, 481. _Zome_, a supernatural being worshiped in Brazil, 130. _Zoroaster_, the Law giver of the Persians, 59; receives the "Book of the Law" from Ormuzd, 59; the Son of Ormuzd, 123; a dangerous child, 169; a "Divine Messenger," 194; the "First-born of the Eternal One," 195; performed miracles, 256; the religion of the Persians established by, 451. TRANSCRIBER'S NOTES The abbreviations B. C. and A. D. have been spaced throughout the text for consistency. The anchors for footnotes [44:3] and [112:2] are missing in the original and have been added by the Transcriber. Footnote [288:5] reads as follows: "Williams' Hinduism, pp. 119-110." The page references are in error, but Transcriber has left the note as printed. Some of the words in Footnote [560:2] are cut off in the page scan. Unclear words have been extrapolated from context. Footnote [564:5] is printed "John, Bishop of Constantinople, who died". Whatever text is intended to follow is missing from the original. Transcriber has added an ellipsis to indicate missing text. In Chapter XXXIX., there are two consecutive sections numbered 6. They have been left as in the original.