Renaissance in Italy, Volume 1 (of 7) by John Addington Symonds

CHAPTER II.

65 words | Chapter 3

ITALIAN HISTORY. The special Difficulties of this Subject--Apparent Confusion--Want of leading Motive--The Papacy--The Empire--The Republics--The Despots--The People--The Dismemberment of Italy--Two main Topics--The Rise of the Communes--Gothic Kingdom--Lombards--Franks--Germans--The Bishops--The Consuls--The Podestas--Civil Wars--Despots--The Balance of Power--The Five Italian States--The Italians fail to achieve National Unity--The Causes of this Failure--Conditions under which it might have been achieved--A Republic--A Kingdom--A Confederation--A Tyranny--The Part played by the Papacy P. 32.

Chapters

1. Chapter 1 2. CHAPTER I. 3. CHAPTER II. 4. CHAPTER III. 5. CHAPTER IV. 6. CHAPTER V. 7. CHAPTER VI. 8. CHAPTER VII. 9. CHAPTER VIII. 10. CHAPTER IX. 11. CHAPTER X. 12. CHAPTER I. 13. CHAPTER II. 14. 1494. Up to that date the more recent wars of Italy had been principally 15. CHAPTER III. 16. 1465. In the disorganization caused by Charles VIII., Vidovero of 17. 316. Yet Giovio calls him a just and firm ruler, stained only with 18. CHAPTER IV. 19. 1536. Cosimo succeeded in the same year, and won the title of Grand 20. book iii. sections 20-22, and Nardi, book i. cap. 4, which give 21. CHAPTER V. 22. 4. _Die Chronik des Dino Compagni, Kritik der Hegelschen Schrift_, 23. 1251. See the discussion of this question, as also of the authorship 24. 1455. Their histories are composed in Latin, and savor much of the 25. 83. Compare p. 134): 'Esemplo a' dì nostri ne è grandissimo questa 26. part 2, p. 318. 27. 318. His _Ricordi Politici_ amply justify the second, though 28. 202. Guicciardini is discussing the appointment of Cosimo de' 29. introduction to Macaulay's Essay on Machiavelli, I need hardly enter in 30. CHAPTER VI. 31. CHAPTER VII. 32. chapter 17. 33. 1487. This led to Giovanni de' Medici receiving a Cardinal's hat at the 34. 1540. Giulio was released in 1559 and died, aged eighty-three, in 1561. 35. 1521. During the heyday of his splendor he spent 8,000 ducats monthly 36. CHAPTER VIII. 37. CHAPTER IX. 38. book ii., and the _Memoirs_ of De Comines. 39. 1573. Of the rest we hear only of prolonged torture before stupid and 40. CHAPTER X. 41. 1483. He was then aged only thirteen, and was still governed by his 42. 229. Read also the short account of the massacre of the Barons 43. 1527. The events of the Siege must have surprised Marco 44. 431. It is here worth noticing that Siena, the city of civil 45. 1536. Even when he seemed to favor a republican policy, he continued in

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