Chapter 1

The Project Gutenberg eBook of Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, "Kelly, Edward" to "Kite" This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this eBook. Title: Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, "Kelly, Edward" to "Kite" Author: Various Release date: September 15, 2012 [eBook #40769] Most recently updated: October 23, 2024 Language: English Other information and formats: www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/40769 Credits: Produced by Marius Masi, Don Kretz and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net *** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA, 11TH EDITION, "KELLY, EDWARD" TO "KITE" *** Transcriber's notes: (1) Numbers following letters (without space) like C2 were originally printed in subscript. Letter subscripts are preceded by an underscore, like C_n. (2) Characters following a carat (^) were printed in superscript. (3) Side-notes were relocated to function as titles of their respective paragraphs. (4) Macrons and breves above letters and dots below letters were not inserted. (5) [root] stands for the root symbol; [alpha], [beta], etc. for greek letters. (6) The following typographical errors have been corrected: ARTICLE KENSINGTON: "... N.W. by Hammersmith, and extending N. to the boundary of the county of London." 'Hammersmith' amended from 'Hammerssmith'. ARTICLE KIEL: "... all situated about 5 m. from the head of the harbour at the place (Friedrichsort) where its shores approach one another, make it a place of great strategic strength." 'strength' amended from 'stength'. ARTICLE KILBARCHAN: "Two miles south-west is a great rock of greenstone called Clochoderick, 12 ft. in height, 22 ft. in length, and 17 ft. in breadth." 'Clochoderick' amended from 'Clochoderrick'. ARTICLE KILKENNY, STATUTE OF: "Moreover English and not Breton law was to be employed, and no Irishman could legally be received into a religious house, nor presented to a benefice." 'received' amended from 'receivd'. ARTICLE KING-BIRD: "... Euscarthmus may suggest a titmouse, Elaenia perhaps a willow-wren ..." 'Elaenia' amended from 'Elainea'. ARTICLE KINGS, FIRST AND SECOND BOOKS OF: "The last-mentioned supplements the epilogue in xvii. 7-23, forms a solemn conclusion to the history of the northern kingdom, and is apparently aimed at the Samaritans." 'epilogue' amended from 'eqilogue'. ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA A DICTIONARY OF ARTS, SCIENCES, LITERATURE AND GENERAL INFORMATION ELEVENTH EDITION VOLUME XV, SLICE VII Kelly, Edward to Kite ARTICLES IN THIS SLICE: KELLY, EDWARD KIAOCHOW BAY KELLY, SIR FITZROY KICKAPOO KELLY, HUGH KIDD, JOHN KELLY, MICHAEL KIDD, THOMAS KELP KIDD, WILLIAM KELSO KIDDERMINSTER KELVIN, WILLIAM THOMSON KIDNAPPING KEMBLE (English actors) KIDNEY DISEASES KEMBLE, JOHN MITCHELL KIDWELLY KEMÉNY, ZSIGMOND KIEF KEMP, WILLIAM KIEL KEMPE, JOHN KIELCE (government in Poland) KEMPEN KIELCE (town of Poland) KEMPENFELT, RICHARD KIEPERT, HEINRICH KEMPT, SIR JAMES KIERKEGAARD, SÖREN AABY KEMPTEN KIEV (government of Russia) KEN, THOMAS KIEV (city of Russia) KEN (river of India) KILBARCHAN KENA KILBIRNIE KENDAL, DUKEDOM OF KILBRIDE, WEST KENDAL, WILLIAM HUNTER KILDARE (county of Ireland) KENDAL (town of England) KILDARE (town of Ireland) KENDALL, HENRY CLARENCE KILHAM, ALEXANDER KENEALY, EDWARD VAUGHAN HYDE KILIA KENG TUNG KILIAN, ST KENILWORTH KILIMANJARO KENITES KILIN KENMORE KILKEE KENMURE, WILLIAM GORDON KILKENNY (county of Ireland) KENNEDY (Scottish family) KILKENNY (city of Ireland) KENNEDY, BENJAMIN HALL KILKENNY, STATUTE OF KENNEDY, THOMAS FRANCIS KILLALA KENNEDY, WALTER KILLALOE KENNEL KILLARNEY KENNETH KILLDEER KENNETT, WHITE KILLIECRANKIE KENNEY, JAMES KILLIGREW, SIR HENRY KENNGOTT, GUSTAV ADOLPH KILLIGREW, THOMAS KENNICOTT, BENJAMIN KILLIN KENNINGTON KILLIS KENORA KILLYBEGS KENOSHA KILLYLEAGH KENSETT, JOHN FREDERICK KILMAINE, CHARLES EDWARD KENSINGTON KILMALLOCK KENT, EARLS AND DUKES OF KILMARNOCK KENT, JAMES KILMAURS KENT, WILLIAM KILN KENT (kingdom of Britain) KILPATRICK, NEW, or EAST KENT (county of England) KILPATRICK, OLD KENTIGERN, ST KILRUSH KENTON KILSYTH KENT'S CAVERN KILT KENTUCKY KILWA KENYA KILWARDBY, ROBERT KENYON, LLOYD KENYON KILWINNING KEOKUK KIMBERLEY, JOHN WODEHOUSE KEONJHAR KIMBERLEY (town of South Africa) KEONTHAL KIMERIDGIAN KEPLER, JOHANN KIMHI KEPPEL, AUGUSTUS KEPPEL KIN KEPPEL, SIR HENRY KINCARDINESHIRE KER, JOHN KINCHINJUNGA KERAK KIND KERALA KINDERGARTEN KERASUND KINDI KÉRATRY, AUGUSTE HILARION KINEMATICS KERBELA KINETICS KERCH KING, CHARLES WILLIAM KERCKHOVEN, JAN VAN DEN KING, CLARENCE KERGUELEN ISLAND KING, EDWARD KERGUELEN'S LAND CABBAGE KING, EDWARD KERKUK KING, HENRY KERMADEC KING, RUFUS KERMAN (province of Persia) KING, THOMAS KERMAN (city of Persia) KING, WILLIAM (Anglican divine) KERMANSHAH KING, WILLIAM (English poet) KERMES KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING KERMESSE KING (title) KERN, JAN HENDRIK KING-BIRD KERNEL KING-CRAB KERNER, JUSTINUS CHRISTIAN KINGFISHER KERRY KINGHORN KERSAINT, ARMAND DE COETNEMPREN KINGLAKE, ALEXANDER WILLIAM KERVYN DE LETTENHOVE, BRUNO KINGLET KESHUB CHUNDER SEN KINGS, FIRST AND SECOND BOOKS OF KÉSMÁRK KING'S BENCH, COURT OF KESTREL KINGSBRIDGE KESWICK KING'S COUNTY KESWICK CONVENTION KINGSDOWN, THOMAS PEMBERTON LEIGH KET, ROBERT KING'S EVIL KETCH, JOHN KINGSFORD, WILLIAM KETCHUP KINGSLEY, CHARLES KETENES KINGSLEY, HENRY KETI KINGSLEY, HENRY KETONES KING'S LYNN KETTELER, WILHELM EMMANUEL KING'S MOUNTAIN KETTERING KINGSTON, ELIZABETH KETTLE, SIR RUPERT ALFRED KINGSTON, WILLIAM HENRY GILES KETTLEDRUM KINGSTON (Ontario, Canada) KEUPER KINGSTON (New York, U.S.A.) KEW KINGSTON (Pennsylvania, U.S.A.) KEWANEE KINGSTON-ON-THAMES KEY, SIR ASTLEY COOPER KINGSTON-UPON-HULL, EARLS AND DUKES OF KEY, THOMAS HEWITT KINGSTOWN KEY (for lock) KING-TÊ CHÊN KEYBOARD KINGUSSIE KEYSTONE KING WILLIAM'S TOWN KEY WEST KINKAJOU KHABAROVSK KINKEL, JOHANN GOTTFRIED KHAIRAGARH KINNING PARK KHAIREDDIN KINNOR KHAIRPUR KINO KHAJRAHO KINORHYNCHA KHAKI KINROSS-SHIRE KHALIFA, THE KINSALE KHALIL IBN AHMAD KINTORE KHAMGAON KIOTO KHAMSEH KIOWAS KHAMSIN KIPLING, RUDYARD KHAMTIS KIPPER KHAN KIPPIS, ANDREW KHANDESH, EAST and WEST KIRBY, WILLIAM KHANDWA KIRCHER, ATHANASIUS KHANSA KIRCHHEIM-UNTER-TECK KHAR KIRCHHOFF, GUSTAV ROBERT KHARAGHODA KIRCHHOFF, JOHANN WILHELM ADOLF KHARGA KIRGHIZ KHARKOV (government of Russia) KIRIN KHARKOV (town of Russia) KIRK, SIR JOHN KHARPUT KIRKBY, JOHN KHARSAWAN KIRKCALDY KHARTUM KIRKCALDY OF GRANGE, SIR WILLIAM KHASI AND JAINTIA HILLS KIRKCUDBRIGHT KHASKOY KIRKCUDBRIGHTSHIRE KHATTAK KIRKE, PERCY KHAZARS KIRKEE KHEDIVE KIRKINTILLOCH KHERI KIRK-KILISSEH KHERSON (government of Russia) KIRKSVILLE KHERSON (town of Russia) KIRKWALL KHEVENHÜLLER, LUDWIG ANDREAS KIRRIEMUIR KHEVSURS KIRSCH KHILCHIPUR KIR-SHEHER KHINGAN KIRWAN, RICHARD KHIVA (kingdom of Asia) KISFALUDY, KÁROLY KHIVA (town in Western Asia) KISH KHNOPFF, FERNAND JEAN MARIE KISHANGARH KHOI KISHINEV KHOJENT KISHM KHOKAND KISKUNFÉLEGYHÁZA KHOLM KISLOVODSK KHONDS KISMET KHORASAN KISS KHORREMABAD KISSAR KHORSABAD KISSINGEN KHOTAN KISTNA (river of India) KHOTIN KISTNA (district of India) KHULNA KIT KHUNSAR KITAZATO, SHIBASABURO KHURJA KIT-CAT CLUB KHYBER PASS KITCHEN KIAKHTA KITCHENER, HORATIO HERBERT KITCHENER KIANG-SI KITE KIANG-SU KELLY, EDWARD (1854-1880), Australian bushranger, was born at Wallan Wallan, Victoria. His father was a transported Belfast convict, and his mother's family included several thieves. As boys he and his brothers were constantly in trouble for horse-stealing, and "Ned" served three years' imprisonment for this offence. In April 1878, an attempt was made to arrest his brother Daniel on a similar charge. The whole Kelly family resisted this and Ned wounded one of the constables. Mrs Kelly and some of the others were captured, but Ned and Daniel escaped to the hills, where they were joined by two other desperadoes, Byrne and Hart. For two years, despite a reward of £8000 offered jointly by the governments of Victoria and New South Wales for their arrest, the gang under the leadership of Kelly terrorized the country on the borderland of Victoria and New South Wales, "holding up" towns and plundering banks. Their intimate knowledge of the district, full of convenient hiding-places, and their elaborate system of well-paid spies, ensured the direct pecuniary interest of many persons and contributed to their long immunity from capture. They never ill-treated a woman, nor preyed upon the poor, thus surrounding themselves with an attractive atmosphere of romance. In June 1880, however, they were at last tracked to a wooden shanty at Glenrowan, near Benalla, which the police surrounded, riddled with bullets, and finally set on fire. Kelly himself, who was outside, could, he claimed, easily have escaped had he not refused to desert his companions, all of whom were killed. He was severely wounded, captured and taken to Beechworth, where he was tried, convicted and hanged in October 1880. The total cost of the capture of the Kelly gang was reckoned at £115,000. See F. A. Hare, _The Last of the Bushrangers_ (London, 1892). KELLY, SIR FITZROY (1796-1880), English judge, was born in London in October 1796, the son of a captain in the Royal Navy. In 1824 he was called to the bar, where he gained a reputation as a skilled pleader. In 1834 he was made a king's counsel. A strong Tory, he was returned as member of parliament for Ipswich in 1835, but was unseated on petition. In 1837 however he again became member for that town. In 1843 he sat for Cambridge, and in 1852 was elected member for Harwich, but, a vacancy suddenly occurring in East Suffolk, he preferred to contest that seat and was elected. He was solicitor-general in 1845 (when he was knighted), and again in 1852. In 1858-1859 he was attorney-general in Lord Derby's second administration. In 1866 he was raised to the bench as chief baron of the exchequer and made a member of the Privy Council. He died at Brighton on the 18th of September 1880. See E. Foss, _Lives of the Judges_ (1870). KELLY, HUGH (1739-1777), Irish dramatist and poet, son of a Dublin publican, was born in 1739 at Killarney. He was apprenticed to a staymaker, and in 1760 went to London. Here he worked at his trade for some time, and then became an attorney's clerk. He contributed to various newspapers, and wrote pamphlets for the booksellers. In 1767 he published _Memoirs of a Magdalen, or the History of Louisa Mildmay_ (2 vols.), a novel which obtained considerable success. In 1766 he published anonymously _Thespis; or, A Critical Examination into the Merits of All the Principal Performers belonging to Drury Lane Theatre_, a poem in the heroic couplet containing violent attacks on the principal contemporary actors and actresses. The poem opens with a panegyric on David Garrick, however, and bestows foolish praise on friends of the writer. This satire was partly inspired by Churchill's _Rosciad_, but its criticism is obviously dictated chiefly by personal prejudice. In 1767 he produced a second part, less scurrilous in tone, dealing with the Covent Garden actors. His first comedy, _False Delicacy_, written in prose, was produced by Garrick at Drury Lane on the 23rd of January 1768, with the intention of rivalling Oliver Goldsmith's _Good-Natured Man_. It is a moral and sentimental comedy, described by Garrick in the