5. With the exception of contributions to the house and education, and

to the feeding and clothing of the children, the product of the husband's work and private fortune belong to him, just as the product and fortune of his wife are her own property. In the case of divorce there will then be no difficulty in separating the two properties. Excepting in cases mentioned in the second proposition, which will be decided by law, the children will belong to the mother only. But as long as he lives and is able to work, the divorced father must continue to contribute to the maintenance and education of the children he has procreated, till they come of age. These propositions have only a legal value, and will only be required when the conjoints cannot come to a mutual understanding. They in no way concern those who are able to live together in mutual concord. A weak and passive woman will continue as before to subordinate herself to the advice and opinions of a husband stronger and wiser than herself. It is needless to say that, after divorce or separation, things will not always go smoothly, although more so than at present. The husband will always have the right to have certain claims decided by law. When the law is not exclusively in the hands of men, it will be more capable of protecting the rights of women. Cases in which a mother is incapable of bringing up her own children, or where the father is capable of great devotion and sacrifice are not now so rare, but they are nevertheless exceptional. =The Present Day.=--It is not to be expected that the above propositions will find much support at the present day among the majority of people, still less that they will soon be realized by the governing bodies, considering their conservative and idle tendencies and their inertia. It may be asked, on the other hand, whether the present laws do not already provide us with the ways and means of attaining the ideal that we propose. I already see two: First of all, as pointed out in Chapter XIII, we may enter into contracts which make the properties entirely separate, and according to the local legislation in force, fulfill other of the above propositions. For instance, in some countries, the wife can preserve by contract the property and management of the house, etc. In the second place, illegitimate children now bear the family name of their mother; this is exactly what we desire. When concubinage is not prosecuted and punished by law, a free marriage could be arranged by private contract which would fulfill the above conditions. Some persons, I admit, would require much courage to do this, for it is not every one who can brave public opinion when he has a good reputation to lose. Moreover, such unions would not enjoy the protection of the State. By a little perseverance, however, the public might be induced to call the woman "Mrs." instead of "Miss." It is not impossible for unions of this kind between honorable persons to become more frequent, and gradually compel society to recognize free unions as the equivalent of traditional, or so-called legal, marriage, to accord them the same rights and recognize the children born of them. The conjoints could be named by combining both family names; for example, if Miss Martin enters into a free union with Mr. Durand, she might be called Mrs. Martin-Durand, and her husband Mr. Durand-Martin. =Conclusion.=--It may perhaps be thought that I am imagining the existence of the purest ideal and the happiness of paradise in a world in which the hereditary quality of men will be no better than it is to-day. I hope that no reader who has followed me carefully will regard me as so ingenuous. Then as now there will be intrigues and disputes, hatred, envy, jealousy, idleness, impropriety, falsehood, negligence, temper, etc., but their power will be less. There will be less excuse for these bad qualities and those who possess them will be regarded as pathological individuals who should be eliminated as much as possible by means of proper selection, combined with good hygiene and thorough education. On the other hand, men of originality and high ideals will be able to develop much more freely and naturally than at present. They will no longer be the slaves of power, money, prejudice and routine. They will not be obliged to conform to religious hypocrisy, but will be able to speak and act according to their convictions. Marriage, and sexual relations in general, will no longer be a perpetual conventional falsehood. The sentiments no longer fettered, will not be led astray into mischievous ways by artificial excitement, so long as they do not depend on unhealthy dispositions, for the pretexts and especially the pecuniary inducement to commit evil actions and contract bad habits will have been removed as far as possible. For the same reason prostitution will become almost impossible, for it will cease to have any reason for existence. Immoderate sexual intercourse, like other excesses, will not cease to exist, but will be kept in certain limits by the work which no one will be able to escape. At the end of his history of materialism (1874) F.A. Lange wrote as follows: "We lay down our pen and terminate our criticism at a time when Europe is agitated by the social question. In the vast social domain, all the revolutionary elements of science, religion and politics meet together and seem prepared for a decisive battle. Whether this battle remains a simple contest of minds or whether it takes the form of a cataclysm which will bury thousands of unfortunates in the ruins of a disappearing period, one thing is certain:--the new epoch will only succeed by abolishing egoism, and placing the work of improvement of the human race in the hands of a human coöperative society, in place of our feverish work which has only personal interest at heart. "The contests which are impending will be mitigated if the minds which are to direct the people are imbued with the knowledge of human evolution and historical phenomena. "We must not abandon the hope that in the remote future great changes may take place without defiling humanity with fire and bloodshed. It would certainly be the finest reward for strenuous work of the human mind, if it could from this time prepare an easy way to that which a certain future reserves for us, avoiding atrocious sacrifices and saving the treasures of our civilization to be transmitted to the new epoch. "Unfortunately, this prospect has little chance of realization, and we cannot disguise the fact that blind party passion goes on increasing, and that the brutal struggle of interests becomes more and more removed from the influence of theoretical research. However, our efforts will not all be in vain, and truth will prevail in the end. In any case the observer who thinks has no right to be silent, simply because at the present moment he has only a small number of listeners." Thirty years ago Lange's pessimism would be comprehensible; but ideas have progressed since then, and the prospects of to-day give us more courage for social work. The Utopian ideas which I have expressed have in no way the pretension to be new. Analyzing the facts in the most diverse domains, I have simply attempted to find those which seem to me suited to solve the sexual problem of the human race most advantageously under the present social conditions. Every one to-day admits that our sexual life leaves much to be desired, but is afraid of touching the crumbling edifice. I leave it to my readers to decide whether my ideas are nothing more than Utopian, or whether they do not rather represent a realizable ideal, begging them to reflect as calmly and independently as possible before giving their judgment. After all, we have to choose between pessimistic acceptance of the fatal decay of our race for the benefit of the Mongols, and an immediate and energetic effort toward selective and educational improvement, an effort which will alone be capable of reviving our hereditary vital energy. Whoever decides in favor of the latter alternative should occupy himself with the sexual question, and boldly declare war against the domination of private capital, the abuse of alcohol, and all the prejudices by which we are hampered. He should abandon the luxury and effeminate comfort of our time and return to the principles of Lycurgus and the Japanese--to the education of character and self-control by methodical training in continuous social work combined with voluntary fatigue and privation. BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REMARKS I shall no doubt be reproached for not having taken sufficient notice of other works on the subject of this book. I have, however, desired to express my own opinion without allowing myself to be unduly influenced by others. I will nevertheless make a few remarks on the bibliography of this subject. I may mention the celebrated work of the Italian physician, Mantigazza, on the _Physiology of Love_. It is a curious fact that this author, after his poetic descriptions of love, is in favor of prostitution. The German socialist, Bebel, has written a very remarkable book on woman in the past, the present and the future. In spite of scientific errors, which are easily excused in a self-made man who became one of the leaders of the German Reichstag, this book remains a veritable social monument on the sexual question. With the exception of his strong political bias, and the errors I have just mentioned I am, on the whole, in accord with the ideas of Bebel. Another German author, Bölsche, (_Das Liebesleben in der Natur_) has recently described love among all organized beings, including man, with a tone of forced pleasantry which spoils the profound knowledge of the author on the zoölogical and other subjects which he treats. With regard to German literature, I recommend the _Archiv für Rassen und Gesellschafts' Biologie_, edited by Doctor Plotz of Berlin. This publication has for its object the study of the causes of degeneration in our race and the remedies for it. Among other articles which have appeared in this publication I may specially mention those of Shallmayer on _Heredity and Selection in the Life of Races_, and Thurnwald, _Town and Country in the Life of the Race_. I may also mention Plotz: _Die Tüchtigkeit unserer Rasse und der Schutz der Schwachen_, 1895, and _Mutterschutz_, a journal for the reform of sexual ethics, 1905. France has always shone in the domain of the poetry of love and the art connected with it. Apart from the ancient classics I may refer to George Sand, Alfred de Musset, Lamartine, and Madame de Stael. In the practical conception of free love, George Sand was in advance of her time. Among modern authors there are Paul Bourget; André Couvreur, who in _La Graine_ deals with the problem of human selection; Brieux, who in _Les Avariés_, attacks the social tragedies of venereal disease. The book of Vacher de Lapouge on social selection is full of interesting ideas, although too much influenced by the unstable hypothesis of Gobineau. To make distinct zoölogical species of dolichocephalics and brachycephalics, as Vacher de Lapouge attempts, is a grave error in zoölogy. Charles Albert: _L'Amour Libre_, and Queyrat: _La Démoralization de l'idée sexuelle_, give the note of contemporary change in ideas on the sexual question. In _Le Mariage et les Théories Malthusiennes_ (Paris, 1906) Dr. Georges Guibert recommends early marriage, but does not take account of human selection. Remy de Gourmont, _Physique de l'amour; Essai sur l'instinct sexuel_, Paris, 1903, describes, very pessimistically, love in the animal kingdom. Jeanne Deflou (_Le Sexualisme_, Paris, 1905) has written a virulent feminine complaint against the injustice of the stronger sex. But the French author who has given the most profound, the truest descriptions of the psychology of love and the sexual appetite is undoubtedly Guy de Maupassant. No doubt his last illness caused him to produce certain more or less regrettable works in which certain pornographic traits appeared. He may, perhaps, be accused of having too often described the pathology of love, which, by the way, he admirably understood. Perhaps also, he has too often dealt with exceptional situations and irresponsible passions. But these are only details, and we must admit that by drawing attention to the unhealthy features of our modern sexual life, he compels the reader to reflect, and inspires him not only with disgust for evil but with profound sadness and a feeling of revulsion. He often reveals his predilection for the refined, hypersensitive love of the boudoir which we have regarded here as a symptom of social degeneration. But this does not prevent his clear insight into the love of the proletariat, the peasant or the healthy man. He knows man as well as woman, and if he has presented them most often under their least moral aspect it is because he has observed them closely. But occasionally he rises to the greatest heights of the truest, purest and most profound love. INDEX INDEX Abolitionism, 316 Abortion, artificial, 408, 440 Abstinence, sexual, 114 Accouchement, 60 Adornment, 156 Adultery, 373, 412 Alcohol, effect on embryo, 37, 268, 462 effect on sexual appetite, 88, 100, 266, 332, 503 Altruism and Egoism, 448 Amorous Intoxication, 277, 288 Americanism, 331 Anæsthesia, sexual, 222 Anthropoid apes, 145, 195 Anticonceptional measures, 423, 497 Antipathy, 108 _Antony and Cleopatra_, 289 Ants, 194, 359 Art, moral effect of, 496 in sexual life, 489 of loving long, 520 and pornography, 491 Aspermia, 209 Assaults on minors, 403 Atavism, 29 Attraction, methods of, 156 Audacity, masculine, 115 Bachelors, old, 127 Bartholin's glands, 57 Beauty, 162 _Becket_, 352 Bees, 194 _Bernheim_, 277 Bestiality, 255 _Bezzola_, 268 Birth, 23 Blastophthoria, 36, 268 Braggardism, sexual, 120 Brain, weight of, 66, 190 _Brieux_, 407, 438 Brothels, 303 clandestine, 307 high class, 310 Budding, 9 Bullies, 303 Butterflies, 74 _Caelius Aurelianus_, 399 _Caligula_, 353 Castration, 25 _Catherine de Medici_, 353 Catholicism, Roman, 341 Cell division, 6 Celibacy, 153 Children and marriage, 377 civil rights of, 378 education of, 471 protection of, 487 _Chiniqui_, 342 _Chauvin, de_, 36 Civil law, 368 Civil marriage, 370 Climate and sexual life, 327 Clitoris, 55 Coeducation, 481 Coitus, 56 Commandments, 454 Conception, regulation of, 423 Concubinage, 322, 406 Confession, Roman Catholic, 342 Conjugation, 11 Consanguinity, 47 Constellations, 110 Continence, 81, 220, 422 Coquetry, 139 Corpus cavernosum, 53 luteum, 19 _Correggio_, 355 Correlative sexual characters, 25, 64 Council of Trent, 172 Cunnilingus, 230, 275 _Darwin_, 32, 34, 39, 480 _Debreyne_, 345 Decidua, 19 _Demosthenes_, 187 Divorce, 373 Domestic animals and plants, 514 _Dubois_, 46 Duty, 106 Ecphoria, 15 Ecstasy, 143 ecstasy and religion, 356 Education, 470, 516 Egoism, 361 dual, 113 Egoistic love, 125 Embryo, formation of, 9 rights of, 411 Embryology, 19 Endogamy, 164 Engram, 15 Environment and sexual life, 326 Epididymis, 52 Epispadias, 210 Erection, 53 Eroticism, 121, 485 and religion, 354 Erotomania, 258 Ethnology of sexual life, 144 Eunuchs, 25, 347 Evolution, 39 sexual, 192 Exhibitionism, 241, 405 Exogamy, 164 Expiation, 364 Factory life, 326 Fakirs, 239 Fertilization of eggs, 12 Fetichism, 142, 240 _Fischer_, 36 Flirtation, 99 Free love, 384 Free will, 365 Genital organs, female, 55 organs, male, 52 Germinal cells, 10 _Goethe_, 73, 131 Gonorrhea, 212 Grisettes, 98, 322 Guardianship, 384 _Guillaume_, 399 _Haeckel_, 10, 34, 40 "Hand-fasting," 150 Heredity, 14, 28 of acquired characters, 34 _Hering_, 14, 35 Hermaphrodites, 10 _Hertwig_, 11 Hetaira, 187, 323 _Hirschfeld_, 242 History, mental anomalies in, 350 Homophony, 16 Homosexual love, 241, 251 Hottentots, 347 Human selection, 412, 509 Hybridity, 47, 163 Hymen, 55 Hyperæsthesia, sexual, 225 Hypnotism, 277 Hypochondriasis, 232, 261 Hypocrisy, sexual, 123 Hypospadias, 210 Ideal Marriage, 517 Idealism, 132 Idiots, 410 moral, 261 Imaginary love, 263 Impotence, 85, 219 Incest, 402 Insane, sexual anomalies in, 256 Internats, 338 Inversion, sexual, 241, 251 Inverts, marriage of, 378 Irradiations of love, 115, 128 "Jack the Ripper," 234 Jealousy, 104, 117, 139, 260 _Joan of Arc_, 351 _Jörger_, 331 Jus primæ noctis, 151 _Keller_, 356 Kinship, 107 _Krafft-Ebing_, 142, 208, 234, 404 _Lamarck_, 39 Landerziehungsheime, 477 Lesbian love, 275 _Liguori_, 341 Lorettes, 322 Love, 111 Love and sexual appetite, 104 maternal, 135 and religion, 143 _Lubbock_, 181 Lycurgus, laws of, 466 _Marchal_, 18 Mariage de convenance, 91 Marriage by purchase, 170 by rape, 170 consanguineous, 164, 387 duration of, 182 for money, 295 forms of, 173 hygiene of, 427 ideal, 517 Masochism, 237 Masturbation, 80, 220, 228 Maternal love, 135 Maternity, 62 Matriarchism, 378, 522 _Maupassant, Guy de_, 133, 140, 301, 308 Medical advice, 421, 434 secrecy, 435 Medicine and sexual life, 418 Medico-legal case, 413 _Mendel_, 30 Menstruation, 56 Mental Capacity, 67 _Mercier_, 67 _Merrifield_, 36 _Messalina_, 353 _Meynert_, 67 _Mill, Stuart_, 69 Mistresses, 323 Mitosis, 7 Mneme, 14 Modesty, 126, 141 _Moebius_, 65 Money, cult of, 502 "Monkey's love," 136 Monogamy, 173 Morality, 445 Mormons, 174 _Moses_, 454 _Murillo_, 355 Mysogynists' ball, 249 _Napoleon_, 352 Narcotics and sexual life, 503 Natural selection, 42 Neo-malthusianism, 463 _Nero_, 353 Nocturnal emissions, 79 Nudity, 157 Nymphomania, 97, 268 Old maids, 129 Onanism, 228 Ontogeny, 40 of sexual life, 200 Orgasm, veneral, 57 Ovulation, 19 Palæontology, 39 Pangenesis, 34 Paradoxy, sexual, 221 Parthenogenesis, 9 Passiveness in woman, 130 Paternity, inquiry into, 383 Pathology of sexual organs, 209 Patriarchism, 159 Patriotism, 108 _Paul, St_, 352 Pedagogy and the sexual question, 470 Pederasty, 244 Pederosis, 254 Penal law in sexual matters, 396 Penis, 53 Phallus, 150 Phylogeny, 40 of love, 108 sexual life, 193 Pimps, 88 Pithecanthropus, 46 Placenta, 21 Police and prostitution, 308 Polities and sexual question, 461, 467, 506 Polyandry, 173 Polygamy, 173 Pornography, 85, 121, 140, 406, 506 Pregnancy, 23, 58, 433 Prejudice and tradition, 505 Preventive membranes, 425 Procreative instinct, 92, 116 Promiscuity, 148, 173 Prostate, 53 Prostitutes, fate of, 314 number of, 308 psychology of, 97, 308 training of, 306 varieties of, 312 Prostitution, 88, 97, 185, 298, 308, 377 regulation of, 316 and sexual perversion, 314 Protectors, 303 Protoplasm, 6 Proxenetism, 88, 298, 406 Prudery, 126, 141 Psychic impotence, 85, 219 Psychic irradiations of love, 115, 128 Psychopathology, sexual, 216 Puberty, 77 Race and sexual life, 189 Rape, 402 Rational selection, 464 Religion and love, 143 Religion and sexual life, 340 Religious eroticism, 347 prudery, 346 Reproduction in vertebrates, 51 Restriction in sexual life, 387 Retaliation, 364 Rights in sexual life, 358 Right to satisfaction of the sexual appetite, 373 _Rousseau_, 237, 352 _Sade, Marquis de_, 235 Sadism, 234, 404, 486 Satyriasis, 258 _Schiller_, 59 _Schopenhauer_, 65 _Schwann_, 6 _Seguin_, 327 Selection, contrary, 465 human, 412, 509 natural, 42 rational, 464 Semen, 53 _Semon_, 14, 32 Seminal vesicles, 52 Senile paradoxy, 265 Sexual appetite in man, 72 appetite in woman, 92, 130 disorders, 440 excitation, 86 hygiene, 420 morality, 445, 450 pathology, 208 perversion, 234, 273, 404, 482 power, 81, 203 selection, 161 Sexes, production of, 176 _Shakespere_, 267 Shame, sense of, 157 Social position, 334 Sodomy, 255 Soft chancre, 215 _Solomon_, 353 Spermatorrhea, 210 Spermatozoa, 11 _Spinoza_, 366 Standard of human value, 478, 513 Struggle for existence, 42 Succession, right of, 394 Suckling, 62 Suggestion in art, 291 in love, 284 in sexual life, 277 in sexual anomalies, 272, 291 Sympathy, 284 Syphilis, 213 Testicles, 52 _Themis_, 353 _Tiberius_, 365 _Tolstoi_, 352 Types to eliminate and perpetuate, 512 Urnings, 242 Uterus, 21 Utopia, 499 Vagabondage, 331 Vagina, 55 _Van Beneden_, 11 Venereal diseases, 211, 376, 507 Virgins, cult of, 154 Vitellus, 11 _Vries, de_, 17, 32, 43 War, 461 _Weismann_, 10, 17, 32, 34 _Westermark_, 145, 181, 196 Wealth and poverty, 333 White slavery, 305 Woman, emancipation of, 504 Womb, 21 Yolk, 11 _Zeller_, 355 _Zola_, 323, 407 * * * * * +-----------------------------------------------------------+ | Typographical errors corrected in text: | | | | Page 22: Kulliker replaced with Kölliker | | Page 52: Vericles replaced with Vesicles | | Page 256: exidence replaced with evidence | | Page 273: 'sexual perversion proflably exist' | | replaced with | | 'sexual perversion probably exist' | | Page 353: Medici replaced with Médici | | Page 404: psycopaths replaced with psyhcopaths | | Page 426: heriditary replaced with hereditary | | Page 442: Schrenk-Notzing replaced with Schrenck-Notzing | | Page 459: perseverence replaced with perseverance | | Page 490: Shakspere replaced with Shakespere | | Page 514: necesssary replaced with necessary | | Page 528: recommned replaced with recommend | | Page 529: Les Avaries replaced with Les Avariés | | Page 535: veneral replaced with venereal | | | +-----------------------------------------------------------+ * * * * * *** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE SEXUAL QUESTION *** Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will be renamed. 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