Hans Holbein the Younger, Volume 1 (of 2) by Arthur B. Chamberlain

introduction, and they may have been aware, also, though this is less

838 words  |  Chapter 135

likely, that it was he who designed the title-page used in the edition of the _Utopia_ published by Froben in 1518, signed “Hans Holb.” In 1525 a certain Thomas Grey and his youngest son were living with Erasmus in Basel, according to a letter from the latter to Lupset;[526] and Grey, too, may have advised Holbein to seek fortune at Henry’s court. “Grey,” says Erasmus, “reports that there is no disturbance in England,” and this news may have proved an added inducement to the painter to quit a country agitated with religious and civil contention for a more peaceful locality where the arts could flourish in peace. Before leaving Basel, Holbein made one last attempt, as already recounted,[527] to obtain from the Antonine Abbey of Isenheim the painting materials which his father had left there some years previously. The strongly-worded letter, dated 4th July 1526, which the Burgomaster of Basel, Heinrich Meltinger, wrote at his request, is addressed to the “venerable Herr Vicar and preceptor of the Order of St. Antonius at Isenenn, our dear and gracious Master,” and runs as follows: “Venerable, gracious, and dear sir, receive our friendly and ready service. Hans Holbein, painter, our citizen, has proposed to us to paint an altar-panel, such as his deceased father painted in former years. He left some implements of an expensive kind, weighing about three hundred and two cubic measures, with you at Isenheim, which he, Hans Holbein, repeatedly during the lifetime of his father, and at his desire, and also after his decease, being his heir, demanded of you, but could never obtain; for what reasons he knows not. Thus the matter has been delayed to such an extent that the peasants, he is informed, have wasted these implements in the last uproar, and when he again desired them of you, as his father’s heir, you referred him, with his request, to the peasants, with whom he has nothing to do, and to whom he has intrusted nothing, and notified to him an appointment on the Saturday after the next Ulrici (7th July) at Ensisheim. We, having heard his business, and given credence to it, and being well inclined to further him, have not allowed him to keep such an appointment, or to make any demand of the peasants (with whom he, as we have heard, has nothing to do), but have firm confidence in you, that you will weigh the matter thoroughly, and hand over to him, as the heir of his deceased father, completely and without difficulty, the aforementioned implements, or, in case nothing of them now exists, compensate him for their loss, and so show yourself towards him in the affair, that he may feel that our intercession has been advantageous, and that no further steps are necessary. Such behaviour on your side we wish for him, to whom it is justly due.”[528] This letter affords proof that Ambrosius Holbein was dead, for in it Hans is mentioned more than once as his father’s heir, and it also shows that the Basel Council were not so actively opposed to the painting of altar-pieces as other incidents of the time suggest. Nothing further is known of this altar-panel which Holbein proposed to paint for them. [Sidenote: ERASMUS’ LETTER OF INTRODUCTION] It is evident that the materials, which would now have been very useful to him, had been destroyed or dispersed in the peasant rising, and that he obtained neither colours nor redress. He left Basel for England on or about August 29, 1526, as appears from a letter of introduction of that date which he carried with him from Erasmus to his friend Peter Ægidius, the learned traveller and town-clerk of Antwerp, in which Holbein was recommended to his notice as the artist who had painted Erasmus. Ægidius is also asked to introduce him to Quentin Metsys. The part of the letter which refers to Holbein (though not by name) runs as follows:— “The bearer of this letter is the man who painted my portrait. I do not trouble you with any commendation of him, though he is an excellent artist (_artifex_). If he wants to call on Quentin, and you have not leisure to introduce him, you can send a servant with him to show him the house. The arts are freezing in this part of the world, and he is on his way to England to pick up some angels there (_petit Angliam ut corrodat aliquot Angelatos_—Erasmus plays upon the words Angles and Angels). You can send on any letters you like by him.”[529] There is no reason to suppose that Holbein delayed his departure after receiving this letter from his patron, who must also have supplied him with introductions to More, Warham, and other friends in England. It was, no doubt, necessary for him to arrange with the Town Council for leave of absence, and this having been done, he must have started not later than the first days of September, reaching London towards the close of the same month. ------------------------------------------------------------------------

Chapters

1. Chapter 1 2. 1. THE BAPTISM OF ST. PAUL 11 3. 2. THE ST. SEBASTIAN ALTAR-PIECE 15 4. 3. (1) ST. BARBARA. (2) ST. ELIZABETH 16 5. 4. THE FOUNTAIN OF LIFE 17 6. 5. STUDY FOR THE PORTRAIT OF A LADY OF 21 7. 6. AMBROSIUS AND HANS HOLBEIN 25 8. 7. VIRGIN AND CHILD (1514) 33 9. 8. (1) HEAD OF THE VIRGIN MARY. (2) HEAD OF 37 10. 9. THE LAST SUPPER 40 11. 10. THE SCOURGING OF CHRIST 41 12. 11. HOLBEIN’S EARLIEST TITLE-PAGE 45 13. 12. MARGINAL DRAWINGS IN A COPY OF THE 48 14. 13. MARGINAL DRAWINGS IN A COPY OF THE 49 15. 14. THE TWO SIDES OF A SCHOOLMASTER’S 51 16. 15. DOUBLE PORTRAIT OF JAKOB MEYER AND HIS 52 17. 16. (1) HEAD OF JAKOB MEYER. (2) HEAD OF 55 18. 17. ADAM AND EVE (1517) 56 19. 18. PORTRAITS OF TWO BOYS 60 20. 19. STUDY OF A YOUNG GIRL NAMED “ANNE” 61 21. 20. THE FOUNDING OF BASEL 61 22. 21. PORTRAIT OF AN UNKNOWN YOUNG MAN (1518) 61 23. 22. ILLUSTRATION TO SIR THOMAS MORE’S 62 24. 23. DESIGNS FOR THE WALL-PAINTINGS OF THE 68 25. 24. PORTRAIT OF BENEDIKT VON HERTENSTEIN 72 26. 25. THE LAST SUPPER 75 27. 26. THE ARCHANGEL MICHAEL AS WEIGHER OF 79 28. 27. MINERS AT WORK 80 29. 28. BONIFACIUS AMERBACH (1519) 85 30. 29. (1) ADORATION OF THE SHEPHERDS. (2) 88 31. 30. THE PASSION OF CHRIST 91 32. 31. (1) CHRIST BEARING THE CROSS. (2) THE 94 33. 32. “NOLI ME TANGERE” 95 34. 33. (1) CHRIST, THE MAN OF SORROWS. (2) 98 35. 34. THE HOLY FAMILY 99 36. 35. THE DEAD CHRIST IN THE TOMB (1521) 101 37. 36. THE VIRGIN AND CHILD, WITH ST. URSUS AND 103 38. 37. PORTRAIT OF A YOUNG WOMAN, POSSIBLY 106 39. 38. HEAD OF A YOUNG WOMAN, PROBABLY 108 40. 39. DESIGN FOR THE ORGAN-CASE DOORS, BASEL 113 41. 40. (1) STUDY FOR A PAINTED HOUSE FRONT WITH 121 42. 41. SAPOR AND VALERIAN 131 43. 42. (1) TWO LANDSKNECHTE. (2) THE PRODIGAL 139 44. 43. DESIGN FOR A PAINTED WINDOW WITH THE 144 45. 44. ST. ELIZABETH, WITH KNEELING KNIGHT AND 148 46. 45. THE VIRGIN AND CHILD, WITH A KNEELING 149 47. 46. (1) CHRIST BEFORE CAIAPHAS. (2) THE 151 48. 47. (1) THE MOCKING OF CHRIST. (2) CHRIST 152 49. 48. (1) PILATE WASHING HIS HANDS. (2) ECCE 153 50. 49. (1) CHRIST BEARING THE CROSS. (2) THE 154 51. 50. (1) CHRIST NAILED TO THE CROSS. (2) THE 155 52. 51. (1) COSTUME STUDY. (2) COSTUME STUDY 157 53. 52. “THE EDELDAME” 157 54. 53. A FIGHT BETWEEN LANDSKNECHTE 160 55. 54. ERASMUS (1523) 169 56. 55. STUDY FOR THE HANDS OF ERASMUS 171 57. 56. ERASMUS (1523) 172 58. 57. THE DUCHESS OF BERRY 176 59. 58. (1) ERASMUS 180 60. 59. ERASMUS 181 61. 60. MUCIUS SCÆVOLA AND LARS PORSENA 191 62. 61. “THE TABLE OF CEBES” 193 63. 62. TITLE-PAGE TO LUTHER’S “NEW TESTAMENT” 195 64. 63. THE FOUR EVANGELISTS 195 65. 64. THE “CLEOPATRA” TITLE-PAGE 198 66. 65. (1) CHRIST THE TRUE LIGHT. (2) THE SALE 198 67. 66. THE DANCE OF DEATH WOODCUTS 217 68. 67. THE DANCE OF DEATH WOODCUTS 220 69. 68. THE DANCE OF DEATH ALPHABET 224 70. 69. THE OLD TESTAMENT WOODCUTS 230 71. 70. THE OLD TESTAMENT WOODCUTS 230 72. 71. THE MEYER MADONNA 233 73. 72. (1) JAKOB MEYER. (2) DOROTHEA 236 74. 73. (1) MAGDALENA OFFENBURG AS VENUS (1526). 246 75. 74. STUDY FOR THE MORE FAMILY GROUP 293 76. 75. THE MORE FAMILY GROUP 295 77. 76. THE MORE FAMILY GROUP 301 78. 77. CECILIA HERON, DAUGHTER OF SIR THOMAS 303 79. 78. SIR THOMAS MORE 303 80. 79. PORTRAIT OF AN ENGLISH LADY 309 81. 80. SIR HENRY GULDEFORD (1527) 317 82. 81. (1) JOHN FISHER, BISHOP OF ROCHESTER 321 83. 82. (1) UNKNOWN ENGLISHMAN. (2) UNKNOWN 321 84. 83. WILLIAM WARHAM, ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY 322 85. 84. THOMAS AND JOHN GODSALVE (1528) 325 86. 85. SIR JOHN GODSALVE 326 87. 86. NIKLAUS KRATZER (1528) 327 88. 87. SIR BRYAN TUKE 331 89. 88. SIR HENRY WYAT 335 90. 89. SIR THOMAS ELYOT 336 91. 90. HOLBEIN’S WIFE AND CHILDREN (1528-9) 343 92. 91. PORTRAIT OF A YOUNG WOMAN 346 93. 92. KING REHOBOAM REBUKING THE ELDERS (1530) 348 94. 93. KING REHOBOAM REBUKING THE ELDERS 348 95. 94. SAMUEL AND SAUL 350 96. 95. PORTRAIT OF AN UNKNOWN ENGLISH LADY 354 97. CHAPTER I 98. 1494. This was the painter usually known as Hans Holbein the Elder, to 99. CHAPTER II 100. CHAPTER III 101. 1518. Two small panels at the top contain the artist’s signature, “Hans 102. CHAPTER IV 103. 1. Leaena and the Judges 2. Architectural 104. 1517. This work, of considerable importance to the student making a 105. 1522. This portrait was acquired from a private collection in England in 106. 1648. Dr. Ganz has recently published a copy of this picture,[187] which 107. CHAPTER V 108. 1526. One of the earliest, “The Last Supper,” has been already 109. CHAPTER VI 110. 1. STUDY FOR A PAINTED HOUSE FRONT WITH THE FIGURE OF A SEATED EMPEROR 111. 2. THE AMBASSADORS OF THE SAMNITES BEFORE CURIUS DENTATUS 112. CHAPTER VII 113. 1520. One represents the “Prodigal Son,” and the other is an heraldic 114. CHAPTER VIII 115. 1538. In the late summer of that year Holbein went with Philip Hoby to 116. 1530. These later portraits closely follow the Longford Castle type as 117. 1. ERASMUS 118. 2. PHILIP MELANCHTHON 119. CHAPTER IX 120. 1516. Gerardus Noviomagus, of Nimeguen, writing to Erasmus on November 121. 1. CHRIST THE TRUE LIGHT 122. 2. THE SALE OF INDULGENCES 123. CHAPTER X 124. 1833. The “Dance” has also been rendered in photo-lithography for an 125. 4. THE EMPRESS 126. 8. THE PRIEST 127. 4. THE DUCHESS 128. 8. THE ARMS OF DEATH 129. 1549. The passage runs: “Imagines Mortis expressæ ab optimo pictore 130. 2. RUTH AND BOAZ 131. 4. AMOS PREACHING 132. 2. THE RETURN FROM THE BABYLONIAN CAPTIVITY 133. 3. THE ANGEL SHOWING ST. JOHN THE NEW JERUSALEM 134. CHAPTER XI 135. introduction, and they may have been aware, also, though this is less 136. CHAPTER XII 137. CHAPTER XIII 138. 1530. Sir Thomas’s age is given as 50 (Ætatis 50), but Sir John’s as 77, 139. CHAPTER XIV 140. 1528. The date of his birth is not known, but he received his first 141. 1535. It has suffered somewhat in the course of time, but in its 142. CHAPTER XV 143. 258. The question of the authorship of the various versions of the

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