part I) to be largely concerned in the spread of amœbic dysentery in

French West Africa. _Lucilia argyrocephala_, Macquart: This green-bottle fly is described by Roubaud as producing myiasis in Africa (“Les Producteurs de Myiases et Agents similaires chez l’homme et les animaux,” 1914, Paris, part I). It attacks ulcers and sores in man and animals. _Auchmeromyia luteola_, Fabr.: Schwetz (_Ann. Trop. Med. and Par._, 1914, viii, No. 3, pp. 497–507), collected a large quantity of this insect at Kabinda. He placed them in flasks with sand and a few days later they pupated, and in fifteen days several flies hatched out. The larval period varies from an unknown minimum up to several months. The larva may live for at least two months without food. A female oviposited on the 17th, and on the 18th one larva hatched. The pupal stage seems to last eight to fifteen days. The larvæ appear to bite by day as well as night according to native information. _Cordylobia anthropophaga_, Grünb.: Roubaud (“Etudes sur la Faune parasitaire de l’Afrique occidentale française,” part I, “Les Producteurs des Myiases et Agents similaires chez l’homme et les animaux,” Paris, 1914) gives the life-history of this species. One fly laid 150 ova in a glass vessel, on the sides, and on some rotten fruit, and died the following day. He found that fifteen larvæ just hatched placed on sand in a glass vessel with a guinea-pig gave rise to characteristic tumours on the ventral surface of the body and the anus. Other experiments failed. It thus seems that infection takes place from larvæ which have hatched apart from the host. Infection of man is regarded as accidental; no positive infection of horses, oxen, sheep or pigs is known--it is rare in goats, and poultry never seem to be attacked. The result of experiments tends to show that the apparent choice of a host is mainly a question of body temperature. The larva, whether freshly emerged or eight to ten days old, penetrates the skin immediately, boring obliquely between the epidermis and dermis. Once removed from the tumour the maggot cannot bore again. The first moult takes place about three days after penetration, and the total period of residence in the host is seven to eight days. Upon emerging the larva falls to the ground and buries itself. In two or three days it pupates and this stage lasts no longer than twenty days. High temperatures, such as 95° F., appear to be fatal. *Myiasis.*--Coates, G. M., “A Case of Myiasis Aurium accompanying the Radical Mastoid Operation,” _Journ. Amer. Med. Assoc._, Chicago, Ill., 1914, lxiii, pp. 479–480: Apparently _C. macellaria_, forty to fifty coming away with the gauze after the operation. Huber, G. U., and Flack, F. L., “An Unusual Case of Screw-worms in the Nose and Nasal Accessory Sinuses,” _Journ. Amer. Med. Assoc._, Chicago, 1914, lxiii, pp. 2288–2289. *Auricular Myiasis.*--Francaviglia, M. C., “An cora sulla myiasi auricolare,” _Boll. Sedute Accad. Gioenia_, Catania, 1914, No. 31, pp. 15–23. This writer mentions the following parasites in the human ear: _Sarcophaga carnaría_, L.; _Wohlfartia magnifica_, Schiner; _Chrysomyia macellaria_, F.; _Calliphora vomitoria_, L.; and _Anthomyia pluvialis_, L. He refers to a severe myiasis in Russia, due to a fly variously recorded as _Sarcophaga wohlfarti_, Rond.; _S. ruralis_, Meig.; or _Sarcophila meigeni_, Portsch. These are all probably synonyms of _W. magnifica_. _Chrysomyia macellaria_, in Central America and South America, is quite as harmful as _S. carnaria_, causing perforation of the tympanum and meningitis. _Lucilia nobilis_ and _L. cæsar_ have also been incriminated. Of the sub-family _Anthomyinæ_, the larvæ of _Fannia scalaris_, Meig., _F. canicularis_, Meig., _F. incisurata_, Zett, and _Hydrotæa meteorica_, L., are chiefly associated with myiasis. He recommends, if the larvæ are outside the tympanum, an injection of chloroform vapour by a few drops of water saturated with chloroform, by an emulsion of 5 per cent. carbon bisulphide or with benzine. When detached they may be removed with forceps or a solution of boric acid. If the tympanum has been perforated, the larvæ must be removed at once. Francaviglia also records the larva of _Oestrus ovis_ in the human ear (_Boll. Sedute Accad. Gioenia_, Catania, 1914, No. 31, pp. 23–27). *Body, Head, and Clothes Lice.*--Lobaczewski (_Wien. klin. Wochenschr._, Vienna, 1915, xxviii, pp. 373–374) recommends the impregnation of body linen with a 30 per cent. solution of oleum betæ in 96 per cent. alcohol as an efficient method of keeping the body free of lice. But the process must be renewed each time the linen is washed and it takes fifteen minutes to carry out. On adding the oil to the alcohol, a portion of the former is precipitated, the supernatant fluid is decanted and poured over the linen, which is wrung out in it and dried. The garments retain their lice-proof properties until washed. Three days after wearing the clothes thus treated no lice remain on the body. Portnikov, _Proc. of Conference of Bacteriologists and Representatives of Medical Sanitary Authorities on the Campaign against Infectious Diseases in connection with the War, Soc. Russ. Physicians in mem. Pirosov_, Moscow, 1915, p. 131. _Pediculus capitis_ and _Phthirus pubis_ are shown to be successfully controlled by applying spirit extract of sabadilla and both white and grey mercury ointment, solution of corrosive sublimate of a strength of 1 in 250 to 1 in 100, amyl and ethyl alcohol, benzine, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, methane, birch tar, liquid of malinin, etc. The control of _Pediculus vestimenti_ by the mixture of tartaric acid and sodium sulphite slightly moistened with water is advised. It is placed in small linen bags underneath the shirt; the heat of the body produces a reaction which continues for two days, giving off a large amount of SO_{2}, which spreads beneath the shirt and kills all the parasites but does not affect the skin. Marzinovsky, in the same _Proceedings_ (pp. 56–68), gives a number of remedies for _Pediculus vestimenti_ (called _humanus_), and mentions quinine or mercury, which latter the natives in Turkestan carry on their hands and legs in bracelets soaked in mercury compounds. He also mentions ethereal oils, the most effective being clove oil, eucalyptus, oil of anise and camphor. He recommends for disinfecting clothing for army purposes the chamber used by the Japanese on a large scale. Kummerfelds’ wash is advised, and is prepared as follows: 20 parts of precipitated sulphur are incorporated in a mortar with 50 parts of glycerine; 2 parts of camphor are separately ground with 50 of eau-de-Cologne and 20 of borax, and 870 parts of distilled water are added; the whole is mixed together and 3 drops of an extract of musk are added; shake in order to prevent the sulphur settling down; 50 parts of ether are added to the mixture. This sounds an expensive and troublesome preparation to make. Shipley A. E., “Flowers of Sulphur and Lice,” _Brit. Med. Journ._, 1915, p. 295. It is here stated by Dr. Lounsbury that the South African troops were supplied by the Government with bags of flowers of sulphur sewn in small calico bags and secured to the underclothing next the skin as a preventive of lice. The bags were 2 in. square, one on the trunk and one against each leg. This is a generally accepted preventive, but is best mixed with equal parts of creosote and naphthalene. Shipley, A. E., “Insects and War,” _Brit. Med. Journ._, September 19 to November 14, 1914. General advice given _re_ lice. SUPPLEMENT: CLINICAL AND THERAPEUTICAL NOTES. PROTOZOA.