introduction of screw propellers, 97; introduction of iron, 191;

length of, 194; suitability, 193; saving in weight, 194; proposal to build iron ships decided, 195; first vessel for commercial purposes, 195; first iron steamer, 195; growth of iron shipbuilding, 196 _et seq._; strange vessels, 211; developments, 230; cost of iron ships, 230; tubular type, 235; first Cunarder, 243; Admiralty’s conservatism against iron, 316 Isherwood system of construction, 348 Isle of Man, Liverpool, and Manchester Co., 96 Isle of Man Steam Packet Co., 87-94. _See also_ Man, Isle of Ismay, Mr. T. H., 251 Ismay, Imrie & Co., 296 Jackson, Mr. W., 132 Jamaica fruit trade, 299 Jamson, Dougal, and the steamboat, story of, 62 Japanese engineers, story of, 203 Japanese submarines, 301 Japanese warship building, 339 Jersey fisheries guardship, 110 Jersey-France service, 112 Jesuit Fathers of Peking, “Memoires” of, 4 Johnston, Lieut., 164 Jointed Ship Co., 380 Jones, Sir Alfred L., 298, 299 Jones, Dr. P., and single screw, 209 Jordan, J., & Co., engines by, 248 Jouffroy d’Abbans, Marquis de, 15 Kiel naval harbour, 303 Kier, Mr., engineer, 130 Kirk, Dr. Alexander, and triple-expansion engines, 296, 306 Kirkaldy, David, drawings by, 243; and hardening of steel, 279 Klawitter, Dantzic, 303 Laird, Messrs., Birkenhead, ships built by, 75, 119, 262, 279, 316, 317, 332, 334 Laird, Alex., & Co., Messrs., 100 Laird, John, of Birkenhead, and iron shipbuilding, 196 Laird, Mr. Macgregor, 138, 261 Lake steamers, American, 51 Lange, Johann, shipyard, 302 Langley, Messrs. C., Deptford, 373 Langtry Co., of Belfast, 74 Lardner, Dr., and transatlantic steam navigation, 137 Launch, Indian custom at, 202 Law, George, and American mails, 188 Leith and Berwick Co., 84 Lever, Mr., of Manchester, 162 “Leviathans,” 270 Life-boats as paddle-boxes, 79 Life-buoys, belts, &c., 78 Lighting of ships, 253 Lindsay’s boiler-scaling apparatus, 203 Little, James, & Co., Messrs., 95-97 Littlehampton, 108 Liverpool and tugboats, 341; first iron screw steamer from, 235; dock to accommodate American liners, 157; steam-ship companies, 77 Liverpool, voyage of the _Elizabeth_ to, from Glasgow, 64 Liverpool-Bristol service, 100 Liverpool-Dublin mail service, 102 Liverpool-Isle of Man service, 87-94, 96 Liverpool-Kingstown service, 144 Liverpool-London service, 98, 99 Liverpool-New York service, 240 Liverpool-Philadelphia service, 240 Liverpool-Valparaiso service, 264 Liverpool and Philadelphia Steamship Co., 238 Liverpool, New York, and Philadelphia Steamship Co., 240 Livingston, Chancellor R., and Morey’s steamboats, 24; finances Fulton, 25; experiments in steam propulsion, 208 Livingstone expedition, steel steamer for, 279 Livingston’s “Historical Account of the Application of Steam for the Propelling of Boats,” 19 Lloyd’s, first steamer entered at, 100 Lodge-Muirhead wireless telegraphy, 121 London and tugboats, 341; shipbuilding, 233-234; City Corporation employees and the Watermen’s Co., 80; County Council steamers, 367; river steamboat service opened, 66 London, Glasgow to, first steamer, 66 London-Hamburg service, 117 London-Margate service, 70 London and Edinburgh Shipping Co., 83-85 London and Leith Shipping Co., 84 London and North-Western Railway Co.’s steamers, 119-121 London and South-Western Railway Co.’s steamers, 109-116; Manx boat purchased from, 93 London, Brighton, and South Coast Railway Co.’s steamers, 106-109 London, Leith, and Edinburgh Shipping Co., 74 Long Island Sound, First iron steamboat on, 47 Long Island Sound Line, 40 Longitudinal system of ship construction, 268, 348 Louis Philippe of France, escape of, 113 Louvre Museum, Kirkaldy’s designs in, 246 Lund, Mr. W., 297 Lungley, Mr., ship built by, 264 Lyttleton, Wm., 207 McDougall, Capt., 55 McGregor, Mr. John, and early Chinese paddle-wheels, 4 McGregor, Laird & Co., 196 MacIver, Mr. David, and Mr. S. Cunard, 150 McKean, McLarty, and Lament, 254 Mackenzie, William, master of the _Comet_, 63 McKinnon & Co., Glasgow, 181 MacLachlan, Archibald, 66 McQueen, Robert, 39, 52 Mahmoudieh Canal, 179 Mails, officer in charge of, to West Indies, 190 Mails to America, 149; to India, 176, 177; to Ireland, 102 Makaroff, Vice-Admiral, 367 Malcomson’s London and Dublin Line, 99 Malta floating dock, 363 Man, Isle of, first steamers at, 88; first built there, 89; history of the Manx service, 87-94; Barrow service, 96 Manby, Mr., 195 Maples and Morris, Messrs., 106, 107 Mare’s Shipyard, Blackwall. _See_ Ditchburn and Mare Marine engines. _See_ Engines Marinsky Canal, 364 Maryland Steel Co., Baltimore, floating docks, 358, 362 Maschinenbau-Gesellschaft, 303 Mason, Mr., 262 Masts on steam-ships, 41; used as funnels, 212, 218; tripod, 332; on warships, 338 Mastless steamers, 346 Maudslay, Sons & Field, founder of the firm, 70; engines by, 148, 201, 202, 233, 253, 319, 372; connection with the Royal Navy, 311; yards of, 234 Maury, Lieut., 241 Mediterranean ports, 111 Mediterranean service, 267 Merchants’ Shipping Co., 47 Mersey ferries, 366 Messageries Maritimes de France, 267 Mexican Government and iron frigate, 316 Mexican War, 174 Middleton Yard, Hartlepool, 305 Midland Railway Co.’s steamers, 121 Milford-Rosslare service, 116 Millard and Kirby, Messrs., and Fulton’s _Clermont_, 50 Miller and Ravenhill, engines by, 187, 372 Miller, Patrick, 57, 58, 388 Mills, Mr. Edward, 154 Mississippi River steamers, 53; Fitch’s steamboat, 23; Fulton’s steamboat, 32; _Moselle_ and _Oroonoko_ blown up, 53; intentional collisions, 53 Mitchell, Mr. Charles, 212 Monaco, Prince of, yacht of, 373 “Monitors,” 334 Monroe, President, 123 Moore, Admiral Sir Grayham, 217 Moray, John, on James Rumsay as inventor of steamboats, 19 Morey, Samuel, invents a steamboat, 24 Morgan Combine, 228 Morisot’s “Orbis Maritimi,” 6 Morland, Sir S., 10 Motor-boats (hydroplane), 385; (hydrocurve), 385 Napier, Admiral Sir Charles, 195 Napier, David, and the boiler of the _Comet_, 63; and the shape of bows of steamers, 71; provides engines, 72 Napier, Robert & Sons, engines by, 72, 88, 89, 147, 151, 157; and Mr. S. Cunard, 149; present engine of the _Comet_ to South Kensington Museum, 64; and David Kirkaldy, 243; and high-pressure boilers of steel, 279 Napoleon III., yacht of, 373 National Line, 254 Naval Construction Co., Barrow, 99 Navy, Royal, steam-power and the, 311-340; last wooden battleship, 319; first twin-screw boat, 328; ironclads without masts, 333; torpedo boats, 336; destroyers, 336; development, 336 Neilson, Walter N., 229 New England Ocean Steamship Co., 155 New York celebrates the arrival of early steamers, 141 New York-Aspinwall mails, 188 New York-Bremen service, 154 New York-Chagres line, 188 New York-Havana service, 189 New York-Liverpool, lines in 1850, 155 New York and Havre Steam Navigation Co., 154 New York Shipbuilding Co., Camden, N.J., 51 New Zealand Government subsidy, 185; service to, 298 New Zealand Shipping Co., 310 Newcomen and Savery, 11 Newfoundland Government and mails, 162 Newhaven-Dieppe service, 106 Newport News Shipbuilding, &c., Co., 340 Niger exploration, 280 Norddeutsche Werft, 303 Norddeutscher Lloyd, 267, 302, 303-305 Normand, A, Havre, 373 North Lancashire Railways, 102, 103 North Sea, 84 Northumberland Straits passenger service, 370 Oak, scarcity of, and use of iron for ships, 195 Ocean liner, express, modern type of, 252 Ocean Steam Navigation Co., 154 Oceanic Steam Navigation Co., 252 Ogden, Mr., American Consul, 219 Oil-tank steamers, 348, 351 Oldham’s revolving bars, 195 Orient Line, 264, 291, 294-296 Orient-Pacific Line, 295 Orient Royal Line, 295 Original Steam Packet Co., 72 Ostend-Dover service, 309 Oude, Rajah of, generosity of, 165 Ouseburn engine works, 306 Overcrowding passenger steamers, 79 “Overland Route” to India. _See_ Suez Pacific coast of S. America trade, 187 Pacific and Australasian Co., 239 Pacific Mail Line, 188 Pacific Steam Navigation Co., 186, 187, 189, 191, 229, 263, 291, 294, 295 Paddle-wheels, evolution of, 1; motive-power, 1; animal-driven, 2; early forms, 2, 4; early experiments, 10, 12; Jouffroy’s invention, 17; Morey’s inventions, 24; Roosevelt’s invention, 25; Patrick Miller’s invention, 58; vertical, 25; disconnecting, 33; Seward’s invention, 110; development in construction, 197-199; duck-foot paddles, 207; elliptical, 208; horizontal centrifugal, 208; superseded by screw, 191 Paddle _v._ screw races, 259; tests, 312 Paddle-boxes as lifeboats, 78 Palmer, Sir Charles, 214 Palmer Bros. & Co., ships built by, 114, 213, 247, 248; and rolled armour plates, 385 Panama-Astoria service, 189 Panama-San Francisco mails, 188, 189 Panama, New Zealand, and Australian Royal Mail Co., 185 Panama Railway, 174, 187, 191, 262 Panama route, 187 Panciroli’s “_Rerum memorabilium_,” 6 Papal yacht, 372 Papin, Dr. Dennis, inventions of, 11 Paris Exhibition, 1878, traffic, 109 Parsee custom at launch, 202 Parsons, Hon. A. C., on turbines, 307 Parsons turbines, 118, 307, 338 Passengers carried by _Sirius_ across Atlantic, 141; first steamer for passengers and cargo, 72 Patersen, Capt. Robert, 86 Paterson of Bristol, 141, 221 Paul, Capt. Fred, R.N., 113 Paulding, James Kirke, 339 Peacock, Capt. George, and mechanical swan yacht, 383 Pearse & Co., Stockton-on-Tees, 205 Penarth floating dock, 359 Peninsular and Oriental (P. & O.) Co., incorporated, 178; first steamer to India, 179; transport over Suez isthmus, 179; services to India and China, 180; subsidy for Indian mails, 180; Australian service, 180; difficulties on opening of Suez Canal, 182; overland route through Egypt closed, 182; ships, 260-261; increase of size of ships, 291, 293; and Australian trade, 294; acquires Blue Anchor Line, 297 Peninsular Steam Navigation Co., 176-178; becomes the P. & O. Co., 178 Penn, John, and Son, engines by, 226, 233, 260; oscillating engines, 201, 314; number of engines fitted by, 315; for the Crimean War, 319; and screw bearings, 219 Périer’s fire pump, 16 Perkins’ tri-compound engines, 306 Peru, 189 Petroleum steamers, 351 Philadelphia Line, 43 Philippines, floating dock for, 362 Phillips, Sir Richard, 69 Pirrie, Lord, 298 Porter’s patent anchor, 223 Portsmouth-Ryde, 232 Potomac, early steamboats on the, 20 Powell (H. & Co.) Line, 99 Propeller, screw. _See_ Screws Propelling vessels by recoil from cannon, 8; by animals, 2; by steam, early experiments, 10-11; by pumping water, 12; by screws, 29. _See also_ Paddle-wheels Propelling without paddles, reward for, 210 Pyroscaphe, the, 15 Quebec and Halifax Steam Navigation Co., 134 Racing, Ocean, 247; steamboat, 53; paddle _v._ screw, 259 Railway companies and their steamships, 102-121 Railway trains, ferrying of, 363-366 Ramage and Ferguson, Ltd., Leith, 375 Rams, 329 Ramsay’s (David) patent boats (1618), 6 Ramus, Rev. C. M., and hydroplane, 386 Randolph, Charles, 229 Randolph, Elder & Co., 229 Rangoon wooden dock, 354 Rate wars, 74, 80, 94 Rateau turbines, 307 Red Cross Line, 231 Red Sea steamer service, 166; to the Mediterranean transport, 179 Red Star Line, 256 Refrigerators, 298 Registration of steamers, 77 Reid, Mr. E. J., designs _Koenig Wilhelm_, 333 Reid’s =[U]= bow, 332 Reiherstieg yard, Hamburg, 302, 303 Rennie, Capt. George, 183 Rennie’s “Aberdeen” Line, 183 Rennie, G. & J., engines by, 233, 313; and Ship Propeller Co., 216; floating docks, 355, 363 Renwick, Dr. James, 29 Repairs to steam-ships, 300 Reversing machinery, 70 Richardson Bros. & Co., 238, 239 Rivalry between steam-ship companies, 73 Roberts, Lieut., _R.N._, 138, 145 Robertson, John, 62 Robertson, Robert, engineer, 63 Robinson and Russell, 232, 319 Roebuck, Dr., 86 Rogers, Capt., of the _Savannah_, 125 Rogers, Moses, pioneer steam navigator, 30, 123 Roosevelt, Nicholas J., invents paddle-boat, 25; associated with Fulton, 42; experiments in steam propulsion, 208 Ropner & Sons, Ltd., 348 Rostock “Neptun” yard, 302 Rotterdam, railway round, 117 Rouss, Mr. W. P., yacht of, 374 Royal Academy, steam-ship designs exhibited at, 245 Royal Mail Steam Packet Co., 185, 189-191, 262-263, 291, 295, 299-300 Royal Netherlands Steamship Co., 91 Royal yachts, 371-374 Rubic and Blaker, Northam, 110 Rudders, bow, 106; balanced for turbine vessels, 105; submerged, 290 Rumsay, James, as the inventor of the steamboat, 19 Rumsay Society, 21 Rupert, Prince Palatine, and boat propeller, 11 Rushen, Mr. P. C., on Jonathan Hulls’ invention, 14 Russell & Co., clipper built by, 173 Russell, Robinson & Co., 107 Russell, Mr. Scott, and the _Wave Queen_, 107; and wave-line construction, 236, 316, 320; shipbuilding on the Thames, 204, 234; designs _Victoria_, 263; and the _Great Eastern_, 268, 278 Russian Government ice-breaker, 367; Navy floating dock, 363; royal yachts, 371, 373 Ruthven’s hydraulic propulsion, 208, 321-325 “Sag,” 46, 194, 268 Sail power on liners, 158 Sailing clippers, American, fast passages of, 153 Sailing vessels, engines put into, 135, 136; vessel with steam as auxiliary crosses Atlantic, 122; steam auxiliary to, 164-192 St. George Steam Packet Co., 72, 94, 97, 100, 101 St. Lawrence River ice-breaker, 369 Saloons above deck first fitted, 206; oscillating, 253 Samuda Bros., 204, 234 San Francisco Union Iron Works, 340 Saône, paddle-steamer on the (1783), 17 Sassnitz-Trelleborg railway ferry, 365 Sault Ste. Marie Canal, 52 Savery, Thomas, invention of, 11 Scarborough and Isaacs, Messrs., 122 Schlick balancing of engines, 120 Schultz turbines, 388 Scott, Capt., of _Rising Star_, 131 Scott, Mr. John, figure-head of, 318 Scott, Russell & Co., Millwall, 204 Scott, Sinclair & Co., Greenock, 318 Screw propellers, invention of 29; first Manx steamer to use, 92; for sea-going steamers, 97; supersede paddle-wheels, 191; tried in 1802, 192; earliest attempts to apply, 206, 207; movement of vessels with single screw, 209; twin-screws, 210; first ocean steamer with twin-screws, 265; fantastic forms, 215; first sea-going vessel with screw, 216; definitely adopted, 219; lifting propeller, 253; for long voyages, 256; adopted for mail boats, 262; multiple screws, 310; first vessel in the Royal Navy with, 313; removable screws, 318; twin screws, 325; tests of twin screws, 326 Sea-sickness, steamers to prevent, 253, 377-379 Sea voyage, first British steamer to make a, 64 Seamen, pay of, in 1821, 132 Seaward and Capel, Limehouse, 169 Seaward, J., & Co., Millwall, 373 Seaward’s vibrating paddles, 110 Seine, first iron steamer on the, 195 Sewall & Co., 194 Sewell and Faron, 158 Shaw, Savill & Albion Co., 297 Shelter deck, 344 Ship Propeller Co., 216 Shipbuilding, German competition, 302. _See also_ Thames Ships named: _Aaron Manby_, 195 _Aberdeen_, 296, 307 _Achilles_, 315 _Aconcagua_, 264 _Active_, 311 _Ada_, 116 _Adelaide_, 269 _Adirondack_, 48, 170 _Admiral Moorsom_, 119 _Adriatic_, 161, 163, 253, 289 _Aetna_, 35 _Africa_, 153, 155 _African_, 176 _Agamemnon_, 315 _Aguila_, 112 _Ajax_, 315 _Alabama_, 175 _Alaska_, 172, 250 _Alberta_, 116 _Alecto_, 312 _Alexandra_ (L. & S.W.R.), 116 _Alexandra_ (L. & N.W.R.), 119 _Alexandra_ (Royal Yacht), 371 _Alice_, 115 _Alida_, 49 _Alliance_, 113, 114 _Alma_, 114, 116 _Amazon_, 300 _America_ (Cunard Co.), 152, 245, 286 _America_ (National Line), 254 _America_ (Yacht), 158 _American Turtle_, 376 _Amerika_, 305 _Amethyst_, 309, 335 _Anglia_, 104, 120 _Anglo-Saxon_, 255 _Annette_, 173 _Antarctic_, 157 _Antelope_, 235 _Antrim_, 121 _Apollo_, 110 _Aquila_, 107 _Arabia_, 153 _Arago_, 154 _Aragon_, 300 _Araguaya_, 300 _Arcadia_, 151 _Archimedes_, 216, 222 _Arctic_, 157-160 _Argyle_, 66 _Ariadne_, 110, 316 _Arizona_, 249 _Arkansas_, 340 _Armenia_, 51 _Arrogant_, H.M.S., 314 _Arundel_, 109 _Asia_, 153, 157 _Assiniboia_, 301 _Assyrian_, 316 _Astarte_, 255 _Asturias_, 300 _Atalanta_, 116, 110, 111, 166 _Athenia_, 255 _Athole_, 206 _Atlantic_, 156, 158 _Atrato_, 271 _Augusta_, 99 _Aurania_, 281 _Aurora_, 327 _Austral_, 295 _Australasian_, 296 _Avoca_, 99 _Avon_, 222, 300 _Ayrshire Lassie_, 106 _Balmoral Castle_, 292 _Baltic_, 157, 158, 181, 287, 288 _Bann_, 319 _Banshee_, 119 _Barbarossa_, 304 _Baron Osy_, 269 _Barracouta_, 175 _Basilisk_, 313 _Bay State_, 47 _Belfast_, 72 _Belgic_, 253 _Bélier_, 334 _Bellerophon_, 80, 315, 334 _Ben-my-Chree_, 89, 92, 93 _Berenice_, 166 _Bertha_, 116 _Bessemer_, 253, 379 _Birkenhead_, 317 _Black Eagle_, 314 _Black Prince_, 315 _Bogota_, 229 _Borussia_, 267, 305 _Bremen_, 267 _Brighton_, 109, 112 _Bristol_, 47, 337 _Britannia_, 151, 154 _Britannic_, 253 _British Queen_, 138, 145-147, 169, 216 _Brittany_, 109, 114, 115, 116 _Brune_, 319 _Buenos Ayrean_, 281 _Buffalo_, 35 _C. Vanderbilt_, 49 _C. W. Morse_, 48 _Calais_, 105 _Calais-Douvres_, 378 _Caledonia_, 64, 151 _California_, 188 _Callao_, 229 _Caloric_, 384 _Calvados_, 109 _Cambria_, 104 _Cambria_ (Cunard Co.), 151 _Cambria_ (L. & N.W.R.), 120 _Camden_, 35 _Camilla_, 110 _Campania_, 282, 287 _Canada_, 152, 245 _Canadian_, 254 _Cape of Good Hope_, 181 _Captain_, 334 _Car of Neptune_, 35, 36, 38, 44 _Carbon_, 235 _Carmania_, 282, 285, 309 _Caronia_, 282 _Carpathia_, 283 _Carron_, 79, 86, 176 _Cassandra_, 255 _Castalia_, 377 _Cedric_, 288 _Celtic_, 253, 288 _Cerberus_, 335, 376 _Chancellor Livingston_, 35, 42, 43 _Charles Wetmore_, 55 _Charleston_, 340 _Charlotte Dundas_, 28, 59, 135, 199 _Cherbourg_, 116 _Chicago_, 248 _Chili_, 187 _Chimborazo_, 264, 295 _China_, 246, 247, 293 _Cincinnati_, 305 _City of Baltimore_, 239 _City of Belfast_, 121 _City of Berlin_, 241, 242 _City of Bristol_, 242 _City of Brussels_, 241 _City of Chicago_, 243 _City of Cleveland_, 54 _City of Dublin_, 72 _City of Edinburgh_, 81 _City of Glasgow_, 96, 237 _City of Limerick_, 97 _City of Manchester_, 238 _City of New York_, 240, 256, 290 _City of Paris_, 241, 246, 256, 290 _City of Philadelphia_, 239 _City of Pittsburg_, 239 _City of Rome_, 242 _City of Washington_, 239 _Claremont_, 307 _Clermont_, 20, 29 _et seq._, 49, 135 _Cleveland_, 305 _Clyde_, 64 _Cobra_, 308 _Coffee Mill_, 66 _Collier_, 107 _Collingwood_, 55 _Colombia_, 176 _Colombo_, 181 _Colorado_, 248 _Columbia_, 114, 116, 151 _Columbus_, 288 _Comet_ (Bell’s), 62, 135 _Comet_ (Dawson’s), 70 _Comet_ (French Co.), 112 _Commerce_, 73 _Commonwealth_, 48 _Conde de Patmella_, 122 _Confiance_, 176 _Connector_, 379 _Connemara_, 120 _Coogee_, 96 _Copenhagen_, 118 _Cotopaxi_, 295 _Countess of Dublin_, 98 _Countess of Erne_, 119 _Countess of Strathmore_, 214 _Courier_, 113 _Craster Hall_, 348 _Crœsus_, 233 _Cuckoo_, H.M.S., 110 _Culloden_, 106 _Curaçoa_, 133 _Cuzco_, 264, 295 _Cyclops_, 316 _Cygnus_, 112 _Cymba_, 99 _Dakota_, 248 _Damascus_, 296 _Dane_, 183 _Daniel Drew_, 51 _Dantzig_, 319 _Dasher_, H.M.S., 110 _De Witt Clinton_, 45, 46 _Dee_, 262 _Defiance_, 69 _Delaware_, 340 _Delcomyn_, 297 _Delta_, 260 _Demologos_, 35 _Destroyer_, 339 _Deutschland_, 305 _Devastation_, 333 _Devonshire_, 97 _Diana_, 115 _Dieppe_, 107, 109 _Dispatch_, 113 _Dominion_, H.M.S., 358 _Doncaster_, 207 _Donegal_, 121 _Dora_, 93 _Douglas_, 90, 93 _Douro_, 263 _Dover_, 105, 317 _Dreadnought_, 309, 315, 335 _Drottning Victoria_, 365 _Duchess of Albany_, 116 _Duchess of Buccleuch_, 96 _Duchess of Connaught_, 116 _Duchess of Devonshire_, 96, 121 _Duchess of Edinburgh_, 116 _Duchess of Fife_, 116 _Duchess of Kent_, 116 _Duchess of Sutherland_, 119 _Duchess of York_, 106 _Duke of Cornwall_, 97 _Duke of Sutherland_, 119 _Duke of Wellington_, 272 _Dumbarton Castle_, 70 _Dumfries_, 113 _Duncannon_, 75 _Dundee_, 87 _Dwarf_, 313 _Eagle_, 376 _Earl Grey_, 370 _Earl of Hardwicke_, 167 _Earl of Liverpool_, 82 _Earl Spencer_, 120 _Echo_, 176 _Echunga_, 347 _Eclipse_, 54 _Eden_, 309, 335 _Edinburgh_, 240 _Edith_, 119, 172, 328 _Egypt_, 293 _Eleanor_, 120 _Elizabeth_, 64 _Ella_, 115, 116 _Ellan Vannin_, 91 _Empire_, 48 _Empire of Troy_, 48 _Empress_, 105 _Empress of Russia_, 35 _Empress Queen_, 93 _Encounter_, H.M.S., 314 _Endeavour_, 201 _Enterprise_, 43, 165-166, 306 _Ericsson_, 384 _Erin_, 254 _Ermack_, 367, 368, 369 _Esk_, 262 _Etna_, 45 _Etruria_, 281, 282 _Europa_, 152, 245 _Excellent_, 325 _Experiment_, 328 _Express_, 113 _F. P. Smith_, 216 _Faid Gihaad_, 372 _Fairy_, 371 _Falcon_, 165 _Falken_, 373 _Fannie_, 115 _Far East_, 265 _Fenella_, 92 _Firebrand_, 176 _Firefly_, 35, 41, 44, 45 _Flora_, 325 _Florida_, 288 _Forth_, 191 _Foyle_, 98 _Francis B. Ogden_, 218 _Franklin_, 43, 154 _Frederica_, 116 _Frolic_, 96 _Fulton_, 35, 41, 154 _Gaelic_, 253 _Galtee-More_, 120 _Garonne_, 264, 295 _Garry Owen_, 196, 221 _Gascony_, 349 _Gemini_, 376 _General Admiral Apraxine_, 368 _George Canning_, 74 _George Washington_, 304 _Georgia_, 188 _Germanic_, 253 _Geyser_, 313 _Glasgow_, 86, 240 _Glatton_, 334 _Glen Cove_, 50 _Gloire_, 320 _Gorgon_, 316 _Grace_, 106 _Grand Turk_, 111 _Great Britain_, 217, 221, 256, 271 _Great Eastern_, 193, 230, 241, 268-278, 284, 288 _Great Liverpool_, 178 _Great Western_, 138, 141-144, 145, 147-148, 150, 169, 220, 238, 271 _Greenock_, 88, 318 _Griffin_, 115 _Guadeloupe_, 316 _Guernsey_, 116 _Hansa_, 301 _Havre_, 113, 114 _Hazard_, 331 _Hebe_, 315, 327 _Helvetia_, 254 _Hendrick Hudson_, 48, 49 _Henry Bell_, 73, 88, 100 _Henry Clay_, 170 _Her Majesty_, 232 _Herald_, 96 _Hercules_, 315, 332 _Hermann_, 154 _Hermes_, 176 _Hibernia_, 71, 102, 104, 120, 151 _Hilda_, 115, 116 _Himalaya_, 180, 260, 271 _Hindostan_, 179 _Hohenzollern_, 371 _Ho-Nam_, 206 _Honfleur_, 108, 116 _Hope_, 36, 38, 39, 45, 69, 107 _Howe_, 315 _Hudson_, 300 _Hugh Lindsay_, 166 _Humber_, 64 _Humboldt_, 154 _Iberia_, 177 _Idaho_, 248 _Immacolata Concezione_, 372 _Immingham_, 118 _Inconstant_, 315, 333 _Independencia_, 315 _Indian_, 254 _Indian Empire_, 162 _Industry_, 66 _Invincible_, 336 _Iolanda_, 375 _Irishman_, 100, 101 _Iroquois_, 351 _Isa_, 306 _Isabella_, 120 _Italy_, 109, 254 _Ivernia_, 283 _James Joicey_, 307 _James Watt_, 81, 100 _Jerome Napoleon_, 373 _John Bowes_, 211, 213 _John Elder_, 264 _John W. Richmond_, 46 _Jumna_, 202 _Kaiser Wilhelm II._, 287, 305 _Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse_, 304, 305 _Kaiserin Auguste Victoria_, 305 _Kangaroo_, 239 _Karamea_, 298 _Kate_, 327 _Kearsarge_, 176, 340 _Kentucky_, 340 _King Edward_, 309 _King Orry_, 89, 92 _Kingfisher_, 83 _Kite_, 124 _Koenig Wilhelm_, 333 _Koenig Wilhelm II._, 305 _Kronprinz Wilhelm_, 305 _Kronprinzessin Cecilie_, 305 _La France_, 259 _La Plata_, 262 _Lady de Saumarez_, 110 _Lady Derby_, 233 _Lady Eglinton_, 98, 245 _Lady Grey_, 369 _Lady Hudson-Kinahan_, 99 _Lady Martin_, 99 _Lady Olive_, 99 _Lady Roberts_, 99 _Lady Wodehouse_, 98 _Lady Wolseley_, 99 _Ladybird_, 107 _Lancashire Witch_, 96 _Larriston_, 245 _Laura_, 116 _Laurentic_, 289 _Le Nord_, 105 _Leinster_, 204 _Leven_, 72 _Leviathan_, 270, 276 _Lewis_, 155 _Lexington_, 45, 46 _Liffey_, 73 _Lightning_, 264, 311, 336 _Lily_, 119 _Lima_, 229 _Livadia_, 373 _Liverpool_, 145 _London_, 87 _Londonderry_, 121 _Lord Beresford_, 110 _Lord Nelson_, 335 _Lord W. Bentinck_, 202 _Lord Warden_, 105 _Louisa Ann Fanny_, 267 _Louisiana_, 175, 254 _Lucania_, 282 _Lusitania_ (Cunard Co.), 279, 282, 309 _Lusitania_ (Orient Line), 264, 294 _Ly-ee-moon_, 203 _Lydia_, 116 _Lymington_, 116 _Lyons_, 107, 109 _Ma Robert_, 279 _Mabel_, 106 _Macedonia_, 293 _Madagascar_, 183 _Magenta_, 330 _Majestic_, 69, 96, 287 _Malvina_, 245 _Malwa_, 293 _Manhattan_, 247 _Mantua_, 292 _Manx Queen_, 96 _Manxman_, 121 _Marathon_, 297 _Marco_, 107 _Margaret and Jessie_, 90 _Marie Henriette_, 309 _Margery_, 66, 69 _Marmora_, 293 _Mars_, 98 _Mary_, 114, _Mary Augusta_, 259 _Mary Powell_, 50 _Marylebone_, 118 _Massachusetts_, 170-172 _Masterful_, 100 _Mauretania_, 279, 282, 309 _Medusa_, 316 _Megantic_, 289 _Megna_, 202 _Mermaid_, 97, 313 _Merrimac_, 248, 329 _Mersey_, 73, 331 _Messenger_, 176 _Meteor_, 176 _Meteor_, H.M.S., 110 _Midland Prince_, 55 _William M. Mills_, 52 _Miltiades_, 296, 297 _Milwaukee_, 300 _Minas Geraes_, 338 _Minnesota_, 248 _Minotaur_, H.M.S., 315, 332, 333 _Minx_, H.M.S., 314 _Miramar_, 373 _Missouri_, 340 _Mohawk_, 336 _Moldavia_, 293 _Mona_, 88, 89, 92, 93 _Monarch_, 82, 83, 110 _Mona’s Isle_, 87, 88, 91, 92, 94, 95, 150 _Mona’s Queen_, 90, 93 _Mongolia_, 293 _Monitor_, 329 _Monitoria_, 349 _Monkey_, 311 _Montana_, 248 _Mooltan_, 261, 293 _Morea_, 293 _C. W. Morse_, 48 _Moselle_, 53 _Munster_, 204 _Mute_, 35 _Narragansett_, 45 _Natchez_, 54 _Navahoe_, 351 _Nebraska_, 248 _Nemesis_, 316 _Neptune_, 315 _Nevada_, 248 _New Jersey_, 219 _New Orleans_, 35, 42 _Newhaven_, 109 _Niagara_, 152, 245 _Nicholai_, 169 _Nicolaieff_, 363 _Niger_, 313 _Nile_, 98 _Nimrod_, 316 _Nitocris_, 316 _Nix_, 319 _Norfolk_, 300 _Norman_, 183 _Normandy_, 109, 113, 114 _North American_, 255 _North Carolina_, 340 _North River_, 35, 36, 41 _Northampton_, 315 _Northman_, 100 _Northumberland_, 315 _Norwich_, 49 _Nottingham_, 97 _Novelty_, 217 _Oberon_, 351 _Ocean_, 140 _Oceanic_, 252, 287, 288 _Ogden, Francis B._, 218 _Ohio_, 188 _Old Colony_, 47 _Olive Branch_, 35, 43 _Olympic_, 289 _Ontario_, 53 _Oregon_, 48, 49, 188, 250, 282 _Orient_, 295 _Oriental_, 178 _Orlando_, 315 _Orleans_, 107 _Oroonoko_, 53 _Orvieto_, 292 _Oscar_, 64 _Osterley_, 292 _Otaki_, 310 _Otranto_, 292 _Pacific_, 157, 161, 188, 204, 264 _Pakeha_, 298 _Pallas_, 266, 331 _Pallion_, 349 _Paragon_, 35, 41, 44 _Paris_, 107, 108, 109 _Parisian_, 281 _Pas de Calais_, 105 _Patriarch_, 296 _Patricia_, 305 _Paul Paix_, 349 _Pawnee_, 339 _Penelope_, 315 _Pennsylvania_, 254 _Pericles_, 297 _Peru_, 187 _Perseverance_, 23, 36, 38, 45 _Persia_, 243, 271, 293 _Perth_, 87 _Peterhoff_, 373 _Peveril_, 93 _Philadelphia_, 44 _Phlegethon_, 316 _Phœnix_, 29, 123, 135 _Pilgrim_, 47 _Pioneer_, 53 _Plymouth_, 47 _Pole Star_, 371 _Powerful_, 100 _Powhatan_, 45 _President_, 146-148, 169 _President Grant_, 305 _President Lincoln_, 305 _Prince of Orange_, 66 _Prince of Wales_, 93, 96 _Princess Alice_, 373 _Princess Charlotte_, 66 _Princess Ena_, 116 _Princess Margaret_, 116 _Princess of Wales_, 106 _Princesse Clementine_, 309 _Princesse Elisabeth_, 309 _Prinz Heinrich_, 304 _Prinz Hendrick_, 332 _Prince Regent Luitpold_, 304 _Propeller_, 162 _Propontis_, 306 _Providence_, 47 _Puritan_, 47 _Q.E.D._, 211 _Quebec_, 140 _Queen_, 105 _Queen, The_, 254, 309 _Queen Alexandra_, 309 _Queen of the Isle_, 89 _Queen Victoria_, 93, 96 _Rainbow_, 197, 280 _Rangatira_, 298 _Rariton_, 35 _Rathmore_, 120 _Rattler_, 312, 337 _Recruit_, 319 _Regent_, 70 _Release_, 174 _Rennes_, 108 _Republic_, 288 _Rhadamanthus_, 311 _Rhaetia_, 302 _Rhenus_, 269 _Rhode Island_, 90 _Richmond_, 35, 41, 43, 45 _Richmond, John W._, 46 _Rising Empire_, 186 _Rising Star_ (or _Sun_), 126-133 _Rob Roy_, 72 _Robert Bruce_, 96 _Robert Burns_, 111 _Robert F. Stockton_, 218 _Robert Fulton_, 44, 51 _Roodezee_, 361 _Rose_ (Dublin), 97, 98 _Rose_ (L. & N.W.R.), 119 _Rose_ (Merchantman), 127 _Rosstrevor_, 120 _Rothesay Castle_, 106 _Rotomahana_, 281 _Rouen_, 107 _Rowan_, 101 _Royal George_, 83 _Royal Tar_, 176 _Royal William_ (Canadian), 134, 136 _Royal William_ (Dublin Co.), 144 _Ruahine_, 186, 292 _Rugia_, 302 _Russia_, 241, 246 _Safa-el-bahr_, 374 _St. George_, 72, 94, 95 _St. John_, 48 _St. Louis_, 291 _St. Malo_, 113 _St. Patrick_, 72 _St. Paul_, 291 _Salamander_, 307, 312, 319, 320 _Sampo_, 369 _Sans Pareil_, H.M.S., 358 _Sapphire_, 335 _Sarah Sands_, 231, 235 _Satsuma_, 335 _Saturnia_, 255 _Savannah_, 30, 122-126, 136, 199 _Scotia_, 104, 120, 246, 369 _Sea-Horse_, 72 _Sea King_, 173 _Sea Swallow_, 327 _Seraing_, 321 _Sexta_, 306 _Shamrock_, 97, 119 _Shannon_, 97, 262 _Sharkie_, 372 _Shenandoah_, 170, 174, 175, 194 _Sirius_, 138-144 _Smith, F. P._, 216 _Snaefell_, 91, 92 _Solent_, 116 _Sophia Jane_, 94 _Sorata_, 295 _South-Western_, 113, 116 _Southampton_, 113, 114, 115, 116 _Sprague_, 199 _Spreewald_, 305 _Standart_, 371 _Stanley_, 119 _Stella_, 116 _Stockton, Robert F._, 218 _Suevic_, 300 _Sultan_, 314, 315 _Superb_, 96 _Sussex_, 109 _Swan of the Exe_, 383 _Swift_, 73 _Syren_, 300 _Talbot_, 72 _Tartar_, 336 _Tasmanian_, 184 _Taureau_, 329 _Tay_, 64 _Telica_, 187 _Terror_, 334 _Teucer_, 346 _Teutonic_, 287 _Thames_, 66, 86, 191, 202 _Theodor_, 247 _Thermopylæ_, 296 _Thetis_, 166, 319 _Thor_, 348 _The Three Brothers_, 173 _Thunder_, 264 _Thunderer_, 333 _Titanic_, 289 _Toronto_, 218 _Town of Liverpool_, 73 _Transit_, 111 _Transporter_, 301 _Trent_, 262, 277 _Trident_, 82, 83, 317 _Trinculo_, 351 _Trouville_, 109 _Trusty_, 331 _Turbinia_, 308 _Tynwald_, 89, 90, 93 _Ulster_, 204 _Ultonia_, 283 _Umbria_, 281, 282 _Unicorn_, 151 _Union_, 45 _United Kingdom_, 134 _Valetta_, 260 _Vandalia_, 52 _Vanderbilt_, 172 _C. Vanderbilt_, 49 _Velox_, 309 _Vera_, 116 _Vernon_, 167, 169 _Vesta_, 159 _Vesuvius_, 35, 45 _Viceroy_, 162 _Victoria_, 105, 109, 116, 263, 269, 319 _Victoria and Albert_, 314, 371 _Victorian_, 281, 309 _Viking_, 93 _Violet_, 119 _Viper_, 308, 323 _Virginia_, 254, 340 _Virginian_, 281, 309 _Vixen_, 323 _Vulcan_, 195 _Waldensian_, 183 _Walk in the Water_, 51 _Waratah_, 297 _Warrior_, 315, 320, 333 _Washington_, 35, 154 _Waterloo_, 72 _Watersprite_, 111 _Waterwitch_, 96, 208, 321 _Watt_, 140 _Wave Queen_, 107 _Waveney_, 335 _Waverley_, 114, 115 _Wellington_, 167 _Weser_, 302, 319 _West Virginia_, 340 _Wildfire_, H.M.S., 110 _William Cutting_, 44, 45 _William Fawcett_, 111 _William Hutt_, 214 _William M. Mills_, 52 _William the Fourth_, 95 _Wilmington_, 340 _Winans_, 380 _Winchester_, 374 _Wisconsin_, 248 _Wolf_, 115, 116 _Wonder_, 112, 113 _Wyoming_, 248 _Ysabel Secunda_, 135 _Zambesi_, 294 _Zwartezee_, 361 Shire Line, 300 Shoreham Harbour, 106 Shorter, Capt., 207 Siemens-Martin steel process, 280 Sierra Leone-West Indies service, 261 Simonson of New York, 173 Slidell, Mr., 262 Sligo Steam Navigation Co., 101 Smack, journey by, Scotland to London, 85 Smeaton, John, 86 Smith, Caleb, of Liverpool, 177 Smith, Sir Francis Pettit, 215 Smith, Capt. George, 79 Smith, Junius (or Julius), 138 Smith, Capt. “Target,” and twin screws, 325 Smith’s Dock, North Shields, 351 Smith’s screw propeller, 222, 245 Société des Forges et Chantiers, Havre, 109 South African trade, 183 South America, Pacific Coast trade, 187; service with England, 191 South American States, ingratitude of, 127 South-Eastern and Chatham Railway Co.’s steamboats, 105; complain of L.B. & S.C.R. Co., 106; first railway to order turbine steamer, 309 South Kensington Science Museum, exhibits in: Symington’s engine, 59; model of the _Charlotte Dundas_, 61; engines of the _Comet_, 64 South of England Steam Navigation Co., 110, 111 Southampton-Channel Islands service, 110 Southampton-Havre and Honfleur service, 109, 110 Southampton-Morlaix service, 111 Southampton-St. Malo service, 113, 115 Southampton-South Pacific ports, 191 South-Western Steam Packet Co., 111, 112 Spain, steamers to, 176 Spanish-American War, sailing vessel in, 174; auxiliary cruisers, 291 Spanish Government purchase _Royal William_, 135 Spanish Navy and Chilian Revolution, 127 Speed of early steamboats, 24, 33 Stainton, Joseph, 57 Stanhope, Lord, and Fulton’s inventions, 27 State Line, 253 Steam auxiliary to sailing, development of, 164-192 Steamboat companies and railways, competition in America, 45 Steamboat, Fulton’s, impressions of, 32, 33, 34 Steam condensation, 200 Steam-engines: steam experiment of Hero of Alexandria (120 B.C.), 9; of Giovanni Branca, 9; of the Marquis of Worcester, 9; of Blasco de Garay, 10; of Salomon de Caus, 10; of Dr. Denis Papin, 11; of Thomas Savery, 11; of Jonathan Hulls, 12; of Jouffroy d’Abbans, 15; of James Rumsay, 20; of John Fitch, 21; of Robert Fulton, 31; Symington the inventor of the marine engine, 56; his engine, 58; first horizontal direct-acting engine, 59; Bell’s engines, 62; Robertson’s engines, 62, 64; Napier’s engines, 72; side-lever type, 72. _See also_ Engines Steam-frigates, 315 Steam-heating of ships introduced, 157 Steam-pressures, 307 Steam-ship companies’ antagonism to railway-owned vessels, 104 Steam-ships, competition between sailers and steamers, 44; increase from 1820, 75; British ships in 1838, 77; change of ownership and renaming, 78; first to fire a gun in war, 135; development and progress, 259; Lloyd’s summary quoted for size of large vessels, 291-393; repairs to ships, 300; built in halves, 301; first in the Royal Navy, 311; eccentric designs, 375 _et seq._; future development, 387 Steel, Messrs., of Greenock, ships built by, 134, 151, 157 Steel ships, the building of, 279-310; first steel steamer, 279; first ocean steamer, 281; Steel, toughened, 243 Steering-gear, steam, 109, 241 Steering screw-propelled vessels, 220 Steers, Mr. George, 158, 161 Stern-wheelers, 15 Sterns, rounded, 158 Stettin, Vulcan Shipbuilding, &c., Works at, and shipbuilding, 302; floating dock, 353 Stevens, Col. John, constructs a steamboat, 25; and screw-propellers, 29, 192, 207-210; and stiffeners for sagging hulls, 46, 194 Stevens, Robert, 29 Stevens, Robert Livingston, 30, 44 Stevens Institute, Hoboken, original screw-engine at, 209 Stockton, Commodore Robert F., 219 Sturdee, Mr. John, 326 Submarines, Fulton’s, experiments with, 24, 26; early submarines, 375; transport of Japanese submarines, 301 Suez, Isthmus of, passage of the, 179 Suez-Bombay service of the East India Co., 180 Suez Canal, opening of, 181; mails carried via, 182; limits size of vessels, 291 Suez route to India, 164 _et seq._ Swan, Hunter, and Wigham Richardson, Ltd., 283, 365 Swan-shaped yacht, 383 Swedish State Railways ferry across the Baltic, 365 Sydney-Melbourne mail, 107 Symington, William, of Falkirk, and Fulton, 28; builds first British steamer, 56; his engine, 58, 59 Tank steamers, 348, 351 Taylor and Davies’ engine, 313 Taylor, James, of Cumnock, 58 Telegraph Construction and Maintenance Co., 246 Tetrahedral principle of construction, 388 Thames, the, first steam-vessel to enter, 66; first built on, 69; shipbuilding on the, 233-234 Thames Iron Works and Shipbuilding Co., 203, 233, 260, 322, 333, 371, 372, 377 Thames passenger steamers, overcrowding, 79; rivalry of companies, 80; ferry-steamers, 367. _See also_ London Thames Steamboat Co., 367 Thompson’s (George, & Co.) Aberdeen Line, 296 Thomson, J. & G., 254, 281 Thorneycroft, Messrs., Thames Works, 234; jet-propelling lifeboats, 324; torpedo boats, 336 Tobin, Sir John, 145 Tod and McGregor, 237, 239, 240 Torpedo, Fulton and the, 26 Torpedo boats, 336 Towing. _See_ Tugboats “Tramp” steamers, 343 Transasiatic railway ferry, 365 Transatlantic Co., 138 Transatlantic steam service, the beginnings of, 98, 122-148; first steamer to cross, 122; sail with steam auxiliary, 122; first crossing from West, 134; Canadian claims, 135; early steam voyages, 138-144 “Trent Affair, the,” 262, 277 Trevithick, Richard, and iron ships, 195 Triple-hulled boats, 388 Tsushima, Battle of, 335, 339 Tubular vessels, 235 Tugboats, 341-342; the first steam tug, 69 Turbine-driven steamers, 281, 307-309; first on the Thames, 83; turbines of the _Dreadnought_, 335 Turret steamers, 345 Turrets, 329, 340 Twin screws. _See_ Screw Twin steamers, 376-379 Tyne, the, iron screw steamers built on, 215; the ferries, 366 Union Co. (London-Leith), 84 Union Line founded, 182; vessels as transports, Crimean War, 183; Brazil and South African trade, 183 Union Steamship Co. of New Zealand, 281 United States, first iron vessels for the, 193; U.S. mails and American vessels, 153. _See also_ America, Transatlantic Vail, Stephen, 123 Valentia, 137 Valentia Transatlantic Steam Navigation Co., 137 Valparaiso-Cobija steamers, 186 Valparaiso-Panama service, 187 Valturius’ “De Re Militari,” 4 Vanderbilt, Commodore, 173 Vickers, Sons & Maxim, 301, 369; new battleship, 340 Victoria, Queen, first steam-ship journey, 82; visit to Isle of Man, 90; royal yachts, 371 Victoria floating dock, 363 Volga, River, ferry, 364 Waddell, James Tredell, career of, 174-175 Waghorn, Thos., Bengal pilot, and Suez route to India, 166-167 Wagstaff, 162 Walliker, Mr. J. F., on engines, 306 Wallis’s yard, 82 Wallsend, floating docks built at, 357, 361, 362 Wallsend Slipway and Engineering Co., Ltd., engines by, 285 Walpole, Webb, and Bewley, Messrs., Dublin, 98 Ward, Mr. John, 194; on the evolution of the steam-ship, 228 Warships, construction of, 336; British-built for foreign Powers, 338; of the future, 340; Wooden _v._ iron, 329 Water-ballast, 212, 347 Waterford Commercial Steam Navigation Co., 74 Waterford trade, 75 Watermen and Lightermen, Worshipful Co. of, 79 Watson, Colin, 64, 65 Watt, George, 58 Watt, James, and Ogden’s engine, 219 Watt, James, the younger, and reversing machinery, 70 Watt, James, & Co., engines for _Pacific_, 205; engines for _Great Eastern_, 276 Watt’s, James, steam-engine, 86 Wave-line theory of construction, 236, 316 Webb, William H., American shipbuilder, 47 Weir, Robert, 57 Weld, Mr. and Mrs., 68 Welland Canal, 52 West Indian fruit trade, 299 West Indies, R.M.S.P. Co.’s service, 189 Westervelt and Mackay, Messrs., 154 Weymouth and Channel Islands Steam Packet Co., 112 Weymouth-Channel Islands service, 110, 112 “Whalebacks,” 55 Wheel-boats, early, 2, 4 Wheelwright, Wm., 186 White, J. Samuel, Cowes, 336 White, Mr. Thomas, West Cowes, 111 White, Sir William H., on the _Great Eastern_, quoted, 278 White Star-Dominion Line and Canadian trade, 289 White Star Line, 241, 251-253, 287-290 Wigram and Green, Messrs., 81 Wilkinson, J., and iron barge, 195 Williams, Mr. C. W., Dublin, 72 Williamson, Capt., and turbine boat, 308 Wilson, (“Frigate Wilson”), of Liverpool, 72, 100, 144 Wilson, of London, engines by, 306 Wilson, Thomas, shipbuilder, 195 Wimshurst, Mr., Blackwall, 217 Winans’ cigar ship, 380 Wireless telegraphy, 121, 288 Wood, C., shipbuilder, 151 Wood, James, & Co., Messrs., of Port Glasgow, 81 Wood, John, & Co., of Glasgow, 62, 87, 151 Wood construction of steam-ships, 191, 193 Wooden ships, length of, 193; sagging hulls, 46, 194 Worcester, Marquis of, “Century of Inventions,” 9 Workman & Clark, Messrs., Belfast, 99 Yachts, auxiliary power in, 371; steam-yachts, 371; royal yachts, 371-374; private yachts, 374-375 Yarrow & Co., Messrs., 234, 374 Yarrow boilers, 388 Zoelly turbine, 307 Printed by BALLANTYNE & CO. LIMITED Tavistock Street, Covent Garden, London _Uniform with this Volume_ SAILING SHIPS THE STORY OF THEIR DEVELOPMENT FROM THE EARLIEST TIMES TO THE PRESENT DAY By E. KEBLE CHATTERTON With a Coloured Frontispiece by CHAS. DIXON, and over 130 Illustrations from Photographs, Models, &c. Extra Royal 8vo, 380 pages, in designed cover, cloth gilt, =16s.= net. “This is a book that can be read with both pleasure and profit by any one who takes an interest in ships and the sea, which means every English man, woman, and child ... its author has set down all that is and ever has been known concerning those vessels which have navigated the ocean under sail. The text is helped out by a series of really beautiful illustrations.... From the Seaman’s point of view the book is above all praise, as no man can write lovingly of ships and not deal in the technicalities of the craft of the mariner. This has been done here with a certainty and sureness of touch which is the outcome of an absolutely perfect knowledge of the subject, and at the same time with such clearness and simplicity of style that the land-lubber can read and understand.... There is no unnecessary wealth of detail in this book, but at the same time no important facts are slurred over, no important change in build or rig is ever missed. It is this that makes of it such eminently satisfactory reading.... A work of such special and remarkable value that it is certain to survive as a classic on this particular subject.”--_Pall Mall Gazette._ “It is the full and complete history of the Sailing Ship from early Egyptian times to the present, written, not by a “dry-as-dust” or a book-worm, but by a man who is passionately devoted to the sea.... The volume, as might only be expected of the publishers, is beautifully printed, and is filled with excellent illustrations showing every shape of the development of sailing ships. It is impossible to do justice to Mr. Chatterton’s book within a small space.... There is nothing left to be desired in the matter of plans, pictures, or index, and we can only offer our hearty congratulations to the author on a very fine piece of work.”--_The World._ “It is not only a book that the average British boy will gloat over and revel in to his heart’s content, but it is even one that his elders will find abundant interest in--sufficient to chain their attention once they essay to dip into its pages. The book itself is made beautiful with a hundred and thirty illustrations, while it is not often that one comes across a work got up in such excellent style, or that does such real credit to its publishers.”--_United Service Gazette._ “Mr. Chatterton has the right temper and inclinations for writing a book of this sort.... He has a practical knowledge of sailing, and an evident passion for what Stevenson called “the richest kind of idling”--hanging about harbours and docks and picking up sea-lore from communicative “shellbacks.” Besides this, he is a scholar in naval learning.... The illustrations in the book are excellent ... this book should be in every naval library.”--_Spectator._ “We need only say that the whole book is as interesting as a romance, and as informing as an encyclopædia, while not a single page can be called dull or dry. The numerous illustrations are excellent and appropriate, and the whole book deserves the highest praise and commendation.”--_Bookseller._ “A monument of research.”--_Daily Mail._ “Interesting and instructive ... both timely and welcome.”--_Times._ “Admirable ... his criticisms are always those of the seaman as well as of the expert.”--_Westminster Gazette._ “Beautifully printed and copiously illustrated. ‘Sailing Ships and their Story’ will be found most interesting and instructive to every lover of the sea.... The work is one that should be found in the library of every yachtsman.”--_Yachting World._ “Must be considered ... a standard work.”--_Yachting Monthly._ “Mr. Keble Chatterton’s final chapter on the development of the fore and aft rig will be of special interest to yachtsmen.”--_Daily News._ “This is a heartfelt book ... it will long hold first place as an authoritative work.”--_Nation_ (New York). “A work full of fascination, and abounding with accurate information.”--_The Field._ “It is just the sort of book to have for handy reference on board the yacht when one sits on deck in the gloaming of the second dog-watch smoking a pipe and arguing with a nautical friend. It is a book, too, for the marine artist, its one hundred and thirty illustrations being technically correct.”--_The Dial_ (Chicago). “Mr. Chatterton has produced a valuable book.”--_Daily Chronicle._ “Altogether it is the most absorbing historical work of its kind I have ever read.”--_Collier’s Weekly_. “... Likely to be recognised as a standard work on the subject....”--_Court Journal._ “There isn’t one ‘dry’ or uninteresting page in the whole treatise.”--_Maritime Review._ “A work that will prove a veritable classic of the sea, and make of him the standard historian of the sailing ship.”--_Nautical Magazine._ “To compress the history of the development of the sailing vessel from the rude dug-out of prehistoric Nile explorers to the iron clippers of to-day into some three hundred pages is a feat of which Mr. Chatterton may well be proud.”--_Naval and Military Record._ SIDGWICK & JACKSON, LTD. 3 ADAM STREET, ADELPHI, LONDON, W.C. Transcriber’s Notes Inconsistencies in spelling, hyphenation, formatting, etc. have been retained, except as mentioned below. French and German accents have not been changed or added unless listed below. The inconsistent and unusual use of units (knots for both distance and speed, yards for both length and area, etc.) is as in the source document. List of Illustrations: numbers 128 (Cartagena Dock) and 129 (_Baikal_) are in reverse order in the list compared to the text. This has not been rectified so as to not mix up the photo credits. Some other discrepancies between the list and the captions have been rectified, as mentioned below. Page 147, table: the contradicting units (feet, inches) are as printed in the source document. Page 229, ... the ‘three grand requirements (of marine engines): the closing quote mark is lacking. Page 361 (and Index), ... the powerful Dutch tugs Roodezee and Zwartezee ...: they were called the Roode Zee and the Zwarte Zee. Changes made Footnotes and illustrations have been moved out of text paragraphs; some ditto signs have been replaced with the dittoed text. Page references under illustration giving the page number opposite which the illustration was printed have been deleted. Some obvious minor typographical and punctuation errors have been corrected silently. List of Illustrations: illustration numbers have been added. Illustrations numbers 33 (originally _Kingfisher_) and 34 (originally _Carron_) interchanged cf. the order of the illustrations in the text; ditto for numbers 44 (_Cambria_) and 45 (_Marylebone_), numbers 51 (_Dieppe_) and 52 (_United Kingdom_), and numbers 94 (_Campania_) and 95 (_Mauretania_). Perier and Périer have been standardised to Périer. Page 65: ... to bring up in Ramsay Bay ... has been changed to ... to bring up in Ramsey Bay .... Page 86: ſatisfying has been changed to ſatiſfying. Page 118: Konisberg has been changed to Königsberg. Page 187: Miller and Ravenhall has been changed to Miller and Ravenhill. Page 320: Dupuy de Lome has been changed to Dupuy de Lôme. Index entries changed to conform to the text: Belier to Bélier; Bernouilli to Bernoulli; Browne, Charles to Brownne, Charles; Cambia (Cunard Co.) and Cambia (L. & N.W.R.) to Cambria (Cunard Co.) and Cambria (L. & N.W.R.) (ships); Chipping Camden to Chipping Campden (entry Freeman, Mr.); Dupuy de Lome to Dupuy de Lôme; Fire-brand to Firebrand (ship); Grayson & Leadly to Grayson & Leadley; Humbolt to Humboldt (ship); Jorden, J., & Co. to Jordan, J., & Co.; Jouffrey d’Abbans to Jouffroy d’Abbans; Jumma to Jumna (ship); Liffy to Liffey (ship); Maudsley, Sons & Field to Maudslay, Sons & Field; Morisot’s “Orbis Maritimi,” to Morisotus’ “Orbis Maritimi,”; Munroe, President to Monroe, President (also moved to proper place); Prince Regent Luitpold to Prinz Regent Luitpold (ship); Rubic and Blaker to Rubie and Blaker; James Rumsey to James Rumsay (entry Moray, John); Salamon de Caus to Salomon de Caus (entry Steam-engines); Sans Pariel to Sans Pareil (ship); Shaw, Savil & Albion Co. to Shaw, Savill & Albion Co.; Winan’s cigar ship to Winans’ cigar ship. *** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK STEAM-SHIPS *** Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will be renamed. 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