The Mediæval Hospitals of England by Rotha Mary Clay

1. PIONEERS OF CHARITY

394 words  |  Chapter 54

One practical outcome of the religious revival of the twelfth century was a movement of charity towards the outcast. The Lazarus whom Jesus loved became linked in pious minds with that [p050] _Lazarus ulceribus plenus_ neglected by men, but now “in Abraham’s bosom,” and the thought took a firm hold of the heart and imagination. Abandoned by relatives, loathed by neighbours, the famished leper was now literally fed with crumbs of comfort from the rich man’s table. The work of providing for “Christ’s poor,” begun by the great churchmen Lanfranc and Gundulf, was carried into the realm of personal service by Queen Maud (about 1101), the Abbot of Battle (before 1171) and Hugh, Bishop of Lincoln (about 1186). Queen Maud is the brightest ornament of the new movement. Like St. Francis of Assisi a century later, she “adopted those means for grappling with the evil that none but an enthusiast and a visionary would have taken.” Aelred of Rievaulx relates how Prince David visited her and found the house full of lepers, in the midst of whom stood the queen. She washed, dried and even kissed their feet, telling her brother that in so doing she was kissing the feet of the Eternal King. When she begged him to follow her example, he withdrew smiling, afterwards confessing to Aelred:—“I was sore afraid and answered that I could on no account endure it, for as yet I did not know the Lord, nor had His spirit been revealed to me.” Of Walter de Lucy, the chronicler of Battle Abbey writes:— “He especially compassionated the forlorn condition of those afflicted with leprosy and _elephantiasis_, whom he was so far from shunning, that he frequently waited upon them in person, washing their hands and feet, and, with the utmost cordiality, imprinting upon them the soothing kisses of love and piety.” St. Hugh used to visit in certain hospitals, possibly those at Peterborough and Newark connected with the [p051] See or the Mallardry at Lincoln.[33] He would even dwell among the lepers, eating with them and ministering to them, saying that he was inspired by the example of the Saviour and by His teaching concerning the beggar Lazarus. On one occasion, in reply to a remonstrance from his Chancellor, he said that these afflicted ones were the flowers of Paradise, pearls in the coronet of the Eternal King.[34]

Chapters

1. Chapter 1 2. CHAPTER I 3. CHAPTER II 4. CHAPTER III 5. CHAPTER IV 6. CHAPTER V 7. CHAPTER VI 8. CHAPTER VII 9. CHAPTER VIII 10. CHAPTER IX 11. CHAPTER X 12. CHAPTER XI 13. CHAPTER XII 14. CHAPTER XIII 15. CHAPTER XIV 16. CHAPTER XV 17. CHAPTER XVI 18. PART II 19. 1. St. John’s Hospital, Oxford . . . J. Charles Wall . . . 1 20. 2. A Pilgrim . . . J. Charles Wall . . . 6 21. 3. Domus Conversorum, London . . . J. Charles Wall . . . 20 22. 4. *Poor Priests’ Hospital, Canterbury . . . B. C. Boulter . . . 23 23. 7. The Leper and the Physician . . . J. Charles Wall . . . 59 24. 8. Elias, a Leper-monk . . . J. Charles Wall . . . 64 25. 9. A Leper . . . J. Charles Wall . . . 68 26. 10. “The Memorial of Matilda the Queen” . . . J. Charles Wall . . . 71 27. 11. *Tomb of Rahere in St. Bartholomew’s, Smithfield . . . J. Charles 28. 12. Memorial Brass of John Barstaple . . . — . . . 84 29. 13. *St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, Bristol . . . S. J. Loxton . . . 89 30. 15. Seal of Knightsbridge Hospital . . . J. Charles Wall . . . 103 31. 19. Plan of St. Mary’s, Chichester . . . J. Charles Wall . . . 112 32. 20. Plan of St. Nicholas’, Salisbury . . . — . . . 113 33. 21. Sherburn Hospital, near Durham . . . — . . . 118 34. 22. Plan of St. Mary Magdalene’s, Winchester . . . J. Charles Wall 35. 23. *Chapel of Abbot Beere’s Almshouse, Glastonbury . . . J. Charles 36. 24. Seal of the leper-women of Westminster . . . J. Charles Wall 37. 25. *Ancient Hospital Altar at Glastonbury . . . — . . . 165 38. 26. A Leper with clapper and dish . . . — . . . 177 39. 27. Document and Seal of Holy Innocents’, Lincoln . . . J. Charles 40. 28. Alms-box, Harbledown Hospital . . . J. Charles Wall . . . 192 41. 29. *Bell-turret of St. Mary Magdalene’s, Glastonbury . . . E. H. New 42. 30. Seal of St. Anthony’s, London . . . J. Charles Wall . . . 208 43. 31. *Gateway of St. John’s, Canterbury . . . B. C. Boulter . . . 241 44. 32. Seal of St. Mary Magdalene’s, Bristol . . . J. Charles Wall 45. 36. A Pilgrim’s Sign . . . — . . . 265 46. 37. Seal of St. Bartholomew’s, Rochester . . . J. Charles Wall 47. INTRODUCTION 48. CHAPTER I 49. 1520. At that time the needs of visitors were met by special provision, 50. CHAPTER II 51. CHAPTER III 52. CHAPTER IV 53. CHAPTER V 54. 1. PIONEERS OF CHARITY 55. 2. PUBLIC OPINION 56. 3. CIVIL JURISDICTION 57. 4. ECCLESIASTICAL JURISDICTION 58. 5. EXAMINATION OF SUSPECTED PERSONS 59. 6. TREATMENT OF THE BODY 60. 7. TREATMENT OF THE SPIRIT 61. CHAPTER VI 62. 1445. Because 63. CHAPTER VII 64. CHAPTER VIII 65. 1244. Buckler’s sketches (Pl. XV) give some idea of the charm of the 66. CHAPTER IX 67. 1. NOMINATION AND ADMISSION 68. 2. REGULATIONS 69. 3. PENALTIES 70. CHAPTER X 71. CHAPTER XI 72. 1. THE SERVICES 73. 2. THE CHAPEL 74. CHAPTER XII 75. 1. FOOD 76. 2. FIRING AND LIGHTS 77. 3. BEDDING 78. 4. TOILET 79. 5. CLOTHING 80. CHAPTER XIII 81. 1. ENDOWMENTS 82. 2. BEQUESTS 83. 3. PROFITS BY TRADING 84. 4. ADMISSION FEES 85. 5. INVOLUNTARY CONTRIBUTIONS 86. 7. ALMS OF PILGRIMS 87. 1519. Shortly after leaving the city, where the road becomes steep 88. CHAPTER XIV 89. 1. _The Monastic Orders_ 90. 2. _The Military Orders_ 91. 3. _The Friars_ 92. CHAPTER XV 93. 1462. From these facts several conclusions are drawn. The industrial 94. CHAPTER XVI 95. part I think often, that those men which seek spoil of hospitals

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